Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Special Article

Cohort Study Protocol: A Cohort of Korean Atomic Bomb Survivors and Their Offspring: Seong-geun Moon, Ansun Jeong, Yunji Han, Jin-Wu Nam, Mi Kyung Kim, Inah Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Boyoung Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):1-11. Published online January 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.469

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

In 1945, atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Approximately 70 000 Koreans are estimated to have been exposed to radiation from atomic bombs at that time. After Korea’s Liberation Day, approximately 23 000 of these people returned to Korea. To investigate the long-term health and hereditary effects of atomic bomb exposure on the offspring, cohort studies have been conducted on atomic bomb survivors in Japan. This study is an ongoing cohort study to determine the health status of Korean atomic bomb survivors and investigate whether any health effects were inherited by their offspring. Atomic bomb survivors are defined by the Special Act On the Support for Korean Atomic Bomb Victims, and their offspring are identified by participating atomic bomb survivors. As of 2024, we plan to recruit 1500 atomic bomb survivors and their offspring, including 200 trios with more than 300 people. Questionnaires regarding socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, past medical history, laboratory tests, and pedigree information comprise the data collected to minimize survival bias. For the 200 trios, whole-genome analysis is planned to identify de novo mutations in atomic bomb survivors and to compare the prevalence of de novo mutations with trios in the general population. Active follow-up based on telephone surveys and passive follow-up with linkage to the Korean Red Cross, National Health Insurance Service, death registry, and Korea Central Cancer Registry data are ongoing. By combining pedigree information with the findings of trio-based whole-genome analysis, the results will elucidate the hereditary health effects of atomic bomb exposure.

Summary

Korean summary
해당 연구는 한국인 원폭피해 생존자 및 그 후손에서 피폭이 건강에 미치는 영향과 그것의 유전적 영향 유무를 밝히고자 계획된 연구이다. 이 연구는 연구대상자들에 대한 건강 설문 조사, 신체계측, 가계도 조사, 유전체 조사 뿐 아니라 2차 자료 연계를 통해 폭넓고 정확한 건강 정보를 수집하고 있다. 이 연구를 통해 연구대상자들의 건강 상태 파악 및 개선에 도움이 되고자 한다.

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Intergenerational effects of ionizing radiation: review of recent studies from human data (2018–2021)
A. Amrenova, C. Baudin, E. Ostroumova, J. Stephens, R. Anderson, D. Laurier
International Journal of Radiation Biology.2024; 100(9): 1253. CrossRef
Cohort study profile: a cohort of Korean atomic bomb survivors and their offspring
Hamin Lee, Jin-Wu Nam, Mi Kyung Kim, Inah Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Boyoung Park
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024089. CrossRef
Validation of self-reported morbidities in the Korean Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort
Ansun Jeong, Somin Jeon, Seong-geun Moon, Mi Kyung Kim, Inah Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Boyoung Park
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024058. CrossRef

Original Article

The Korea Cohort Consortium: The Future of Pooling Cohort Studies: Sangjun Lee, Kwang-Pil Ko, Jung Eun Lee, Inah Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Aesun Shin, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin, Sangmin Park, Seungho Ryu, Sun Young Yang, Seung Ho Choi, Jeongseon Kim, Sang-Wook Yi, Daehee Kang, Keun-Young Yoo, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(5):464-474. Published online September 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.299

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
We introduced the cohort studies included in the Korea Cohort Consortium (KCC), focusing on large-scale cohort studies established in Korea with a prolonged follow-up period. Moreover, we also provided projections of the follow-up and estimates of the sample size that would be necessary for big-data analyses based on pooling established cohort studies, including population-based genomic studies.
Methods
We mainly focused on the characteristics of individual cohort studies from the KCC. We developed “PROFAN”, a Shiny application for projecting the follow-up period to achieve a certain number of cases when pooling established cohort studies. As examples, we projected the follow-up periods for 5000 cases of gastric cancer, 2500 cases of prostate and breast cancer, and 500 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The sample sizes for sequencing-based analyses based on a 1:1 case-control study were also calculated.
Results
The KCC consisted of 8 individual cohort studies, of which 3 were community-based and 5 were health screening-based cohorts. The population-based cohort studies were mainly organized by Korean government agencies and research institutes. The projected follow-up period was at least 10 years to achieve 5000 cases based on a cohort of 0.5 million participants. The mean of the minimum to maximum sample sizes for performing sequencing analyses was 5917-72 102.
Conclusions
We propose an approach to establish a large-scale consortium based on the standardization and harmonization of existing cohort studies to obtain adequate statistical power with a sufficient sample size to analyze high-risk groups or rare cancer subtypes.

Summary

Korean summary
한국 코호트 컨소시엄(KCC)은 “2015년 한국의 생활 습관 및 환경 요인에 따른 암 기여분율” 프로젝트의 3단계 과업으로써, 본 프로젝트에 참여한 기존의 구축된 개인 코호트 연구의 연구자들을 주도로 다수의 대규모 한국 코호트 연구를 기반으로 구성되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 KCC에 포함된 한국 코호트 연구를 소개하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 또한 여러 기 확립된 국제 컨소시엄을 기반으로 빅데이터 기반 코호트 풀링 연구의 중요성을 제시하였다.

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Youjin Hong, Soseul Sung, Woojin Lim, Sungji Moon, Kwang-Pil Ko, Jung Eun Lee, Inah Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin, Sangmin Park, Seung-Ho Ryu, Sun Young Yang, Jeongseon Kim, Sang-Wook Yi, Yoon-Jung Choi, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, Sue K.
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(3): 649. CrossRef
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Woojin Lim, Soseul Sung, Youjin Hong, Sungji Moon, Sangjun Lee, Kyungsik Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Inah Kim, Kwang-Pil Ko, Sue K. Park
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(3): 635. CrossRef
A Comparison of Green, Delta, and Monte Carlo Methods to Select an Optimal Approach for Calculating the 95% Confidence Interval of the Population-attributable Fraction: Guidance for Epidemiological Research
Sangjun Lee, Sungji Moon, Kyungsik Kim, Soseul Sung, Youjin Hong, Woojin Lim, Sue K. Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(5): 499. CrossRef
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Youjin Hong, Jihye An, Jeehi Jung, Hyeon Sook Lee, Soseul Sung, Sungji Moon, Inah Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Aesun Shin, Sun Ha Jee, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin, Sangmin Park, Seung-Ho Ryu, Sun Young Yang, Seung Ho Choi, Jeongseon Kim, Sang-Wook Yi, Yoon-Jung Cho
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 921. CrossRef
The relationship between regional inequalities in the provision of emergency health services and other health services
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Special Article

Cohort Profile: Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort Constructed by Linking the Korean National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and National Health Information Database: Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Yeon Kang, Jinsun Kim, Hyewon Lee, Bit-Na Yoo, Hee-Sun Kim, Hongjo Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):253-262. Published online April 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.635

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We aimed to review the current data composition of the Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort, which was constructed by linking the Korean Tuberculosis Surveillance System (KNTSS; established and operated by the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency since 2000) and the National Health Information Database (NHID; established by the National Health Insurance Service in 2012). The following data were linked: KNTSS data pertaining to patients diagnosed with tuberculosis between 2011 and 2018, NHID data of patients with a history of tuberculosis and related diseases between 2006 and 2018, and data (obtained from the Statistics Korea database) on causes of death. Data from 300 117 tuberculosis patients (177 206 men and 122 911 women) were linked. The rate of treatment success for new cases was highest in 2015 (86.7%), with a gradual decrease thereafter. The treatment success rate for previously treated cases showed an increasing trend until 2014 (79.0%) and decreased thereafter. In total, 53 906 deaths were confirmed among tuberculosis patients included in the cohort. The Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort can be used to analyze different measurement variables in an integrated manner depending on the data source. Therefore, these cohort data can be used in future epidemiological studies and research on policy-effect analysis, treatment outcome analysis, and health-related behaviors such as treatment discontinuation.

Summary

Korean summary
TB Post 코호트(Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort)는 한국의 결핵 모니터링 및 관리에 대한 인구집단 수준에서의 새로운 근거를 마련하고자 구축한 우리나라 결핵 환자 코호트입니다. 국가 결핵감시체계의 일환으로 구축된 질병관리청의 결핵신고자료와 국민건강보험공단의 국민건강정보DB 자료, 통계청 사망원인 자료의 연계로 구축되었으며, 각 자료원이 보유한 정보를 활용하여 통합적인 결핵 환자 연구가 가능할 것으로 기대하고 있습니다. 결핵의 정책 효과 연구뿐만 아니라, 치료 성공, 실패, 중단 등 치료결과에 대한 영향 요인 및 환자들의 건강 관련 행태에 대한 역학 연구 등 향후 다양한 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대됩니다.

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Incidence of respiratory infections after the COVID-19 pandemic (2023-2024) and its association of vaccination among entire populations in Korea
Jihun Song, Seogsong Jeong, Asaph Young Chun, Jaehun Jung, Sun Jae Park, Sang Min Park
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2026; 162: 108194. CrossRef
Comparison of Patients Who Were Not Evaluated and Lost to Follow-Up with Multidrug/Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Korea
Hongjo Choi, Jeongha Mok, Young Ae Kang, Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Yeon Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Doosoo Jeon
Yonsei Medical Journal.2025; 66(1): 16. CrossRef
Determinants of the lost to follow-up status among patients with tuberculosis who emigrated to the Republic of Korea: a mixed-method study
Sumin Jeon, Ji Yeon Lee, Ina Jeong, Sooim Sin, Inhan Lee, Younghyun Kim, Ah Yeon Han, Seung-Eun Lee, Soonryu Seo, Hyungjun Kim, Yunhyung Kwon, Chieeun Song, Joon-Sung Joh, Sung Hye Kim
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Impact of active tuberculosis on social mobility and its gender differences: Difference in differences using nationwide tuberculosis surveillance data and national health insurance data
Daseul Moon, Dawoon Jeong, Young Ae Kang, Gyeong In Lee, Hongjo Choi, Hansoo Ko
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A Quasi-experimental Study on the Effect of Pre-entry Tuberculosis Screening for Immigrants on Treatment Outcomes in South Korea: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Sarah Yu, Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Yeon Kang, Young Ae Kang, Gyeong In Lee, Hongjo Choi
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2024; 14(1): 154. CrossRef
Relationship between metformin use and mortality in tuberculosis patients with diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Eunki Chung, Dawoon Jeong, Jeongha Mok, Doosoo Jeon, Hee-Yeon Kang, Heejin Kim, Heesun Kim, Hongjo Choi, Young Ae Kang
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(2): 306. CrossRef
Trends in Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals during COVID-19 Pandemic, South Korea
Taehee Chang, Sung-il Cho, Dae sung Yoo, Kyung-Duk Min
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Beyond reducing direct medical cost: examining health outcomes in tuberculosis through a difference-in-differences analysis of South Korea’s out-of-pocket payment exception policy
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Timing and predictors of death during treatment in patients with multidrug/rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in South Korea
Eunjeong Son, Hongjo Choi, Jeongha Mok, Young Ae Kang, Dawoon Jeong, Doosoo Jeon
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ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DOS CASOS DE TUBERCULOSE EM UM ESTADO DA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL BRASILEIRA: ESTUDO CLÍNICO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICO
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Brief Report

Reliability and Validity of a Life Course Passive Smoke Exposure Questionnaire in an Australian Cohort From Childhood to Adulthood: Chigozie Ezegbe, Costan G. Magnussen, Amanda Louise Neil, Marie-Jeanne Buscot, Terence Dwyer, Alison Venn, Seana Gall; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(2):153-159. Published online March 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.559

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Life course exposure to passive smoke may predict health, but there are few validated measures. We tested the reliability and validity of a retrospective life course passive smoking questionnaire.
Methods
Participants from the third follow-up of the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study (2014-2019, ages 36-49 years) retrospectively reported mother/father/other household member smoking when living at home during childhood, including duration (years) and smoking location (never/sometimes/always inside house). The severity of exposure index (SEI; sum of mother/father/other years smoked multiplied by smoking location), cumulative years of exposure (CYE; sum of mother/father/other years), and total household smokers (THS) were derived. The reliability of retrospective passive smoking reports was examined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) using household smoking reported 34 years earlier in 1985 by participants when aged 7-15 years. Construct validity was examined by correlating retrospective passive smoking with participants’ smoking in adulthood and lung function in childhood and adulthood.
Results
Among 2082 participants (mean±standard deviation [SD], 45.0±2.5 years; 55.2% females), THS ranged from 0 to 5 (mean± SD, 0.9±1.0), CYE ranged from 0 to 106 (mean±SD, 10.5±13.9), and SEI ranged from 0 to 318 (mean±SD, 24.4±36.0). Retrospective measures showed moderate agreement with total household smokers reported in childhood (ICC, 0.58 to 0.62). The retrospective measures were weakly but significantly (p<0.05) correlated with participants’ smoking (r=0.13 to 0.15) and lung function (r= -0.05 to -0.06).
Conclusions
The retrospective passive smoking questionnaire showed reasonable reliability and validity. This measure may be useful for epidemiological studies.

Summary

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Childhood secondhand smoke exposure and respiratory disease mortality among never-smokers: the Japan collaborative cohort study for evaluation of cancer risk
Haruna Kawachi, Masayuki Teramoto, Isao Muraki, Kokoro Shirai, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Akiko Tamakoshi, Hiroyasu Iso
Journal of Public Health.2023; 45(3): 604. CrossRef

Original Articles

Associations Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A, F, and S in 6-Year-old Children in Korea: Yoonyoung Jang, Yoon-Jung Choi, Youn-Hee Lim, Kyung-Shin Lee, Bung-Nyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(1):37-45. Published online November 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.310

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children.
Methods
Prenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T₃, and free T₄) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations.
Results
The associations between prenatal BPA and total T₃ levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T₄ levels (-1.94%; 95% confidence interval, -3.82 to -0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only.
Conclusions
Our findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T₃ levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T₄ levels in girls only.

Summary

Korean summary
비스페놀 A의 건강위해성에 대한 역학적 근거들이 축적되어 비스페놀 A 대신 BPF와 BPS와 같은 대체물질이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 어머니의 산전 비스페놀 A 노출과 6세 어린이의 비스페놀 A, 비스페놀 F, 비스페놀 S 노출 정도에 따라 어린이의 갑상선호르몬 농도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 보고자 하였다. 어머니의 산전 비스페놀 A 노출은 어린이의 total T3 농도에 유의하게 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 여자아이에게서 비스페놀 F 노출이 한 단위 증가할수록 free T4 농도가 유의하게 감소하는 것을 관찰하였다. 본 논문의 의의는 비스페놀 F, S가 어린이의 갑상선기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 역학적 근거를 제시하였다는 점이나, 인과적 연관성을 위해서는 시간적 선후관계를 고려한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

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