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From articles published in Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health during the past two years (2023 ~ ).

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Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Necessity and Characteristics
Jeehee Pyo, Won Lee, Eun Young Choi, Seung Gyeong Jang, Minsu Ock
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):12-20.   Published online January 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.451
  • 22,907 View
  • 927 Download
  • 35 Web of Science
  • 43 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Quantitative and qualitative research explore various social phenomena using different methods. However, there has been a tendency to treat quantitative studies using complicated statistical techniques as more scientific and superior, whereas relatively few qualitative studies have been conducted in the medical and healthcare fields. This review aimed to provide a proper understanding of qualitative research. This review examined the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research to help researchers select the appropriate qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research is applicable in following cases: (1) when an exploratory approach is required on a topic that is not well known, (2) when something cannot be explained fully with quantitative research, (3) when it is necessary to newly present a specific view on a research topic that is difficult to explain with existing views, (4) when it is inappropriate to present the rationale or theoretical proposition for designing hypotheses, as in quantitative research, and (5) when conducting research that requires detailed descriptive writing with literary expressions. Qualitative research is conducted in the following order: (1) selection of a research topic and question, (2) selection of a theoretical framework and methods, (3) literature analysis, (4) selection of the research participants and data collection methods, (5) data analysis and description of findings, and (6) research validation. This review can contribute to the more active use of qualitative research in healthcare, and the findings are expected to instill a proper understanding of qualitative research in researchers who review qualitative research reports and papers.
Summary
Korean summary
이 원고는 질적연구 방법론의 필요성 및 특징과 함께 보건의료 분야에서 질적연구 방법론이 활용된 선행 연구들을 정리하였다. 이는 보건의료 분야의 사회과학적 특성을 더 잘 드러내는 질적연구 방법론의 적용 및 확대에 도움이 될 것이다.

Citations

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    Bone & Joint Research.2025; 14(1): 16.     CrossRef
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    American Journal of Health Behavior.2024; 48(4): 1039.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(2): 100.     CrossRef
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  • Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Qualitative Research Among Health Sciences Faculty
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Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Data Analysis
Dasom Im, Jeehye Pyo, Haneul Lee, Hyeran Jung, Minsu Ock
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):100-110.   Published online February 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.471
  • 21,809 View
  • 927 Download
  • 25 Web of Science
  • 33 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Qualitative research methodology has been applied with increasing frequency in various fields, including in healthcare research, where quantitative research methodology has traditionally dominated, with an empirically driven approach involving statistical analysis. Drawing upon artifacts and verbal data collected from in-depth interviews or participatory observations, qualitative research examines the comprehensive experiences of research participants who have experienced salient yet unappreciated phenomena. In this study, we review 6 representative qualitative research methodologies in terms of their characteristics and analysis methods: consensual qualitative research, phenomenological research, qualitative case study, grounded theory, photovoice, and content analysis. We mainly focus on specific aspects of data analysis and the description of results, while also providing a brief overview of each methodology’s philosophical background. Furthermore, since quantitative researchers have criticized qualitative research methodology for its perceived lack of validity, we examine various validation methods of qualitative research. This review article intends to assist researchers in employing an ideal qualitative research methodology and in reviewing and evaluating qualitative research with proper standards and criteria.
Summary
Korean summary
질적연구 방법론은 보건의료 연구에서 연구 참여자가 경험하는 주요 현상을 잘 포착할 수 있도록 해 준다. 이 논문에서는 합의적 질적연구, 현상학적 연구, 질적 사례 연구, 근거이론, 포토보이스, 내용 분석 등 6가지의 대표적인 질적 연구 방법론에 대한 간략한 철학적 배경과 구체적인 데이터 분석 및 해석 방법을 소개한다.

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    Saloni Butala, Pearl Valentine Galido, Benjamin K P Woo
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Perspective
Gender in Climate Change: Safeguarding LGBTQ+ Mental Health in the Philippine Climate Change Response From a Minority Stress Perspective
Rowalt Alibudbud
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):196-199.   Published online March 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.501
  • 6,716 View
  • 200 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Climate-related events unevenly affect society, worsening mental health disparities among vulnerable populations. This paper highlights that lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, queers, and other individuals identifying as sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ+) could be considered a climate-vulnerable population in the Philippines, one of the most climate-vulnerable countries. As such, this paper elucidated that LGBTQ+ Filipinos can be marginalized in climate response efforts due to their sexual orientation and gender minority identities. According to the minority stress theory, discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals may predispose them to mental health problems. Thus, there is a need to institute an LGBTQ+ inclusive mental health response for climate-related events to address discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals and uphold their mental health.
Summary

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    Kieren Rudge
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    Rowalt Alibudbud
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Original Article
Prediction of Stunting Among Under-5 Children in Rwanda Using Machine Learning Techniques
Similien Ndagijimana, Ignace Habimana Kabano, Emmanuel Masabo, Jean Marie Ntaganda
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):41-49.   Published online January 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.388
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Rwanda reported a stunting rate of 33% in 2020, decreasing from 38% in 2015; however, stunting remains an issue. Globally, child deaths from malnutrition stand at 45%. The best options for the early detection and treatment of stunting should be made a community policy priority, and health services remain an issue. Hence, this research aimed to develop a model for predicting stunting in Rwandan children.
Methods
The Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2019-2020 was used as secondary data. Stratified 10-fold cross-validation was used, and different machine learning classifiers were trained to predict stunting status. The prediction models were compared using different metrics, and the best model was chosen.
Results
The best model was developed with the gradient boosting classifier algorithm, with a training accuracy of 80.49% based on the performance indicators of several models. Based on a confusion matrix, the test accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 were calculated, yielding the model’s ability to classify stunting cases correctly at 79.33%, identify stunted children accurately at 72.51%, and categorize non-stunted children correctly at 94.49%, with an area under the curve of 0.89. The model found that the mother’s height, television, the child’s age, province, mother’s education, birth weight, and childbirth size were the most important predictors of stunting status.
Conclusions
Therefore, machine-learning techniques may be used in Rwanda to construct an accurate model that can detect the early stages of stunting and offer the best predictive attributes to help prevent and control stunting in under five Rwandan children.
Summary

Citations

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  • Prediction of stunting and its socioeconomic determinants among adolescent girls in Ethiopia using machine learning algorithms
    Alemu Birara Zemariam, Biruk Beletew Abate, Addis Wondmagegn Alamaw, Eyob shitie Lake, Gizachew Yilak, Mulat Ayele, Befkad Derese Tilahun, Habtamu Setegn Ngusie, Oluwafemi Samson Balogun
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0316452.     CrossRef
  • Predicting stunting status among under-5 children in Rwanda using neural network model: Evidence from 2020 Rwanda demographic and health survey
    Similien Ndagijimana, Ignace Kabano, Emmanuel Masabo, Jean Marie Ntaganda
    F1000Research.2025; 13: 128.     CrossRef
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    Getnet Bogale Begashaw, Temesgen Zewotir, Haile Mekonnen Fenta
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  • Predicting stunting in Rwanda using artificial neural networks: a demographic health survey 2020 analysis
    Similien Ndagijimana, Ignace Kabano, Emmanuel Masabo, Jean Marie Ntaganda
    F1000Research.2024; 13: 128.     CrossRef
  • Development of a diagnostic predictive model for determining child stunting in Malawi: a comparative analysis of variable selection approaches
    Jonathan Mkungudza, Halima S. Twabi, Samuel O. M. Manda
    BMC Medical Research Methodology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mtumbi Goma, Wingston Felix Ng’ambi, Cosmas Zyambo, Yimam Getaneh Misganie
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  • Hybrid Machine Learning for Stunting Prevalence: A Novel Comprehensive Approach to Its Classification, Prediction, and Clustering Optimization in Aceh, Indonesia
    Novia Hasdyna, Rozzi Kesuma Dinata, Rahmi, T. Irfan Fajri
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  • Türkiye'de E-Ticaretin Kullanılma Durumunun Makine Öğrenmesi İle Sınıflandırılması ve Çeşitli Değişkenlerle İlişkilerinin Analizi
    Yunus Emre Gür, Kamil Abdullah Eşidir, Cem Ayden
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  • Child stunting prevalence determination at sector level in Rwanda using small area estimation
    Innocent Ngaruye, Joseph Nzabanita, François Niragire, Theogene Rizinde, Joseph Nkurunziza, Jean Bosco Ndikubwimana, Charles Ruranga, Ignace Kabano, Dieudonne N. Muhoza, Jeanine Ahishakiye
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Systematic Reviews
Food is Medicine Initiative for Mitigating Food Insecurity in the United States
Vidya Sharma, Ramaswamy Sharma
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):96-107.   Published online March 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.505
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
While several food assistance programs in the United States tackle food insecurity, a relatively new program, “Food is Medicine,” (FIM) initiated in some cities not only addresses food insecurity but also targets chronic diseases by customizing the food delivered to its recipients. This review describes federal programs providing food assistance and evaluates the various sub-programs categorized under the FIM initiative.
Methods
A literature search was conducted from July 7, 2023 to November 9, 2023 using the search term, “Food is Medicine”, to identify articles indexed within three major electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Eligibility criteria for inclusion were: focus on any aspect of the FIM initiative within the United States, and publication as a peer-reviewed journal article in the English language. A total of 180 articles were retrieved; publications outside the eligibility criteria and duplicates were excluded for a final list of 72 publications. Supporting publications related to food insecurity, governmental and organizational websites related to FIM and other programs discussed in this review were also included.
Results
The FIM program includes medically tailored meals, medically tailored groceries, and produce prescriptions. Data suggest that it has lowered food insecurity, promoted better management of health, improved health outcomes, and has, therefore, lowered healthcare costs.
Conclusions
Overall, this umbrella program is having a positive impact on communities that have been offered and participate in this program. Limitations and challenges that need to be overcome to ensure its success are discussed.
Summary
Key Message
In 2023, the United States Department of Health & Human Services (HHS), developed a "Food is Medicine" (FIM) initiative to address food insecurity and chronic diseases by providing healthy food options tailored to recipients' specific health needs. Programs categorized under the FIM initiative include Medically Tailored Meals, Medically Tailored Groceries, and Produce Prescriptions, which are described in this review. Overall, the program appears to have had a positive impact by improving health outcomes and enhancing the overall quality of life.

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  • Seniors and Sustenance: A Scoping Review on Food Security in the Elderly
    Nor Faiza Mohd. Tohit, Roselawati Mat Ya, Mainul Haque
    Advances in Human Biology.2025; 15(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Development of a statewide network hub for screening, referral, and enrollment into food as medicine programs across Kentucky
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    Yuanyuan Zhu, Yan Zhang, Xiaohua Zhu, Yuan Luo, ZhenFa Tu
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    Lynn Fredericks, Olivia Thomas, Anthony Imamura, Julia MacLaren, Auden McClure, Joy Khalil, Jennifer Massa
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  • Implementing Food Security Screening in all Pregnant Women: Call to Action
    Jennifer Woo, Divya Parmar, Valeria Millinga, Tracie Kirkland
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Adjusting for Confounders in Outcome Studies Using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database: A Review of Methods and Applications
Seung Jin Han, Kyoung Hoon Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):1-7.   Published online November 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.250
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders.
Methods
We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included.
Results
Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively.
Conclusions
This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.
Summary
Korean summary
건강보험청구자료를 사용한 성과연구에서는 교란요인 통제가 중요하다. 최근 발표된 연구들은 연구설계와 통계 분석 과정에 적절하게 교란요인을 통제하였다. 연구의 질을 높이기 위해서는 건강보험청구자료에서 수집 가능한 교란 요인에 대한 이해와 방법론적 가이드라인이 요구된다.
Key Message
All recently published studies using Health Insurance Claims Database adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies. The review suggests the need for careful application of confounding variables and the methodological guidance to improve the quality of outcome studies.

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  • Factors Associated With Receiving Early Post-Discharge Follow-up Care in Patients With Schizophrenia
    Song Ee Che, Kyoung-Hoon Kim
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    Hyejin Lee, Hyunwoo Nam, Jae-ryun Lee, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee
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    Hyejin Lee, Soo-Hee Hwang, Choon-Seon Park, Seol-Hee Chung, Catherine L. Chen, Jin Yong Lee, Jin Soo Lee
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Special Article
An Introduction to Causal Mediation Analysis With a Comparison of 2 R Packages
Sangmin Byeon, Woojoo Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):303-311.   Published online July 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.189
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Traditional mediation analysis, which relies on linear regression models, has faced criticism due to its limited suitability for cases involving different types of variables and complex covariates, such as interactions. This can result in unclear definitions of direct and indirect effects. As an alternative, causal mediation analysis using the counterfactual framework has been introduced to provide clearer definitions of direct and indirect effects while allowing for more flexible modeling methods. However, the conceptual understanding of this approach based on the counterfactual framework remains challenging for applied researchers. To address this issue, the present article was written to highlight and illustrate the definitions of causal estimands, including controlled direct effect, natural direct effect, and natural indirect effect, based on the key concept of nested counterfactuals. Furthermore, we recommend using 2 R packages, ‘medflex’ and ‘mediation’, to perform causal mediation analysis and provide public health examples. The article also offers caveats and guidelines for accurate interpretation of the results.
Summary
Korean summary
전통적 매개분석은 여러 유형의 변수 혹은 복잡한 상호작용을 포함할 경우, 직접 및 간접효과의 정의가 불분명하다는 비판에 직면해왔다. 이에 대한 대안으로서 인과매개분석은 반사실적 개념에 기반하여 직접 및 간접효과를 명료하게 정의하며 유연한 모델링을 가능하게 한다. 다만 이 새로운 접근의 주요 개념을 응용 연구자들이 이해하는 데에는 다소 어려운 측면이 있다. 이러한 점에서 이 논문에서는 중첩된 반사실적 변수에 기반한 인과적 모수의 정의를 상술하고 인과매개분석을 위한 대표적인 R 패키지인 medflex 및 mediation을 활용하여 공공 보건 사례에 대한 분석 실례 및 유의사항을 제공하였다.

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    Andreas Tutic, Friederike Haiser, Ivar Krumpal
    Frontiers in Sociology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Codie R. Rouleau, Daniele Chirico, Stephen B. Wilton, Matthew K. MacDonald, Tianqi Tao, Ross Arena, Tavis Campbell, Sandeep Aggarwal
    Journal of the American Heart Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Postpartum Depression in Young Mothers in Urban and Rural Indonesia
Alifa Syamantha Putri, Tri Wurisastuti, Indri Yunita Suryaputri, Rofingatul Mubasyiroh
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):272-281.   Published online May 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.534
  • 4,679 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Young mothers are vulnerable to postpartum depression due to role transition-related stress. Understanding the causes underlying these stressors is essential for developing effective interventions.
Methods
This study analyzed the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research data. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess postpartum depression symptoms in mothers aged 15-24 years with infants aged 0-6 months. In 1285 subjects, the risk factors for postpartum depression were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression.
Results
The overall prevalence of depression in the 6 months postpartum was 4.0%, with a higher prevalence in urban areas (5.7%) than in rural areas (2.9%). Urban and rural young mothers showed distinct postpartum depression risk factors. In urban areas, living without a husband (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 11.76), experiencing preterm birth (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.50 to 14.50), having pregnancy complications (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.20 to 7.66), and having postpartum complications (OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.98 to 13.80) were associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression. In rural areas, postpartum depression was significantly associated with a smaller household size (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.00 to 10.38), unwanted pregnancy (OR, 4.40; 95% CI, 1.15 to 16.86), and pregnancy complications (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.31 to 8.88).
Conclusions
In both urban and rural contexts, postpartum depression relates to the availability of others to accompany young mothers throughout the postpartum period and offer support with reproductive issues. Support from the family and the healthcare system is essential to young mothers’ mental health. The healthcare system needs to involve families to support young mothers’ mental health from pregnancy until the postpartum period.
Summary

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  • Postpartum depression and associated factors among childbearing women from the recent Demographic and Health Survey data of Mozambique: Multilevel analysis
    Mamaru Melkam, Bezawit Melak Fente, Yohannes Mekuria Negussie, Zufan Alamrie Asmare, Hiwot Altaye Asebe, Beminate Lemma Seifu, Alemayehu Kasu Gebrehana, Sintayehu Simie Tsega, Meklit Melaku Bezie, Angwach Abrham Asnake
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    Qin Zhang, Menglu Qiu, Laidi Guo, Yuanyuan Li, Zhencheng Xie, Wanyi Yang, Lishan Ouyang, Jia Yin, Yun Zhou, Minghan Fu, Ye Ding, Zhixu Wang
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    Ria Anggraini, Ninik Setiyowati
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    Evi Diliana Rospia, Dwi Kartika Cahyaningtyas, Siti Mardiyah WD, Cahaya Indah Lestari
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Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand
Wilawan Chaiut, Ratana Sapbamrer, Sauwaluk Dacha, Tavitiya Sudjaritruk, Ida Parwati, Anton Sumarpo, Rungnapa Malasao
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):212-220.   Published online March 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.019
  • 4,152 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study compared the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a tertiary care hospital in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
Methods
This retrospective observational study utilized data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed RSV infection at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. Differences in the clinical presentation of RSV infection before (2016 to 2019) and during (2020 to 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed and compared.
Results
In total, 358 patients hospitalized with RSV infections were reported from January 2016 to December 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, only 74 cases of hospitalized RSV infection were reported. Compared to pre-pandemic levels, the clinical presentations of RSV infection showed statistically significant decreases in fever on admission (p=0.004), productive cough (p=0.004), sputum (p=0.003), nausea (p=0.03), cyanosis (p=0.004), pallor (p<0.001), diarrhea (p<0.001), and chest pain (p<0.001). Furthermore, vigilant measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including lockdowns, also interrupted the RSV season in Thailand from 2020 to 2021.
Conclusions
The incidence of RSV infection was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, which also changed the clinical presentation and seasonal pattern of RSV infection in children.
Summary

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  • Characterizing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Knowledge of Sarcopenia and Associated Factors Among the Malaysian General Public: A Cross-sectional Study
Soon Lean Keng, Noor Hazlisa Che Seman, K.Mangaikresh Krishnan, Chook Jack Bee, Joyce Leong Whye Sook, Siti Fairuz Ismail, Ooi Pei Boon, Peh Suat Cheng
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):164-171.   Published online March 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.399
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Sarcopenia has emerged as a significant aging-related disease that affects many facets of societal-level and patient-level public health. This study analysed knowledge of sarcopenia and associated socio-demographic factors among the general public of Malaysia in order to effectively improve its prevention and countermeasures.
Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Selangor, Malaysia, using Google Forms among 202 Malaysian adults from January 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge scores. The continuous variables were evaluated using the independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and one-way analysis of variance test. The Spearman correlation coefficient was employed to determine the correlation between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge score levels.
Results
The final analysis included 202 participants. The mean±standard deviation age was 49.03±12.65. Only 6.9% of participants had good knowledge of sarcopenia and were aware of sarcopenia’s characteristics, consequences, and treatments. Post-hoc comparisons using the Dunnett T3 test showed statistical significance in mean knowledge score and age group (p=0.011) and education level (p≤0.001). The Mann–Whitney test revealed that gender (p=0.026) and current smoking status (p=0.023) significantly influenced knowledge scores.
Conclusions
The general public’s knowledge of sarcopenia was found to be poor to moderate and associated with age and education status. Therefore, education and interventions by policymakers and healthcare professionals to improve public knowledge of sarcopenia in Malaysia are needed.
Summary

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  • Perceptions of sarcopenia in patients, health and care professionals, and the public: a scoping review of studies from different countries
    Emma Grace Lewis, Christopher Hurst, Linda Errington, Avan A. Sayer
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Special Articles
Updating Korean Disability Weights for Causes of Disease: Adopting an Add-on Study Method
Dasom Im, Noor Afif Mahmudah, Seok-Jun Yoon, Young-Eun Kim, Don-Hyung Lee, Yeon-hee Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Minsu Ock
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):291-302.   Published online June 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.192
  • 3,518 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Disability weights require regular updates, as they are influenced by both diseases and societal perceptions. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an up-to-date list of the causes of diseases and establish a survey panel for estimating disability weights. Accordingly, this study was conducted to calculate, assess, modify, and validate disability weights suitable for Korea, accounting for its cultural and social characteristics.
Methods
The 380 causes of disease used in the survey were derived from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network and from 2019 and 2020 Korean studies on disability weights for causes of disease. Disability weights were reanalyzed by integrating the findings of an earlier survey on disability weights in Korea with those of the additional survey conducted in this study. The responses were transformed into paired comparisons and analyzed using probit regression analysis. Coefficients for the causes of disease were converted into predicted probabilities, and disability weights in 2 models (model 1 and 2) were rescaled using a normal distribution and the natural logarithm, respectively.
Results
The mean values for the 380 causes of disease in models 1 and 2 were 0.488 and 0.369, respectively. Both models exhibited the same order of disability weights. The disability weights for the 300 causes of disease present in both the current and 2019 studies demonstrated a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.994 (p=0.001 for both models). This study presents a detailed add-on approach for calculating disability weights.
Conclusions
This method can be employed in other countries to obtain timely disability weight estimations.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구에서는 장애보정생존연수의 산출 방법론 중 발생률 기반 접근법을 이용하여 질병부담 산출에 활용할 질병원인에 대한 장애가중치를 산출하고 한국의 문화사회적 특징을 고려하여 이에 대한 타당성을 검증하였다. 특히, 지난 연구에서 활용한 질병원인에 대한 장애가중치 결과값을 add-on study 방법으로 활용하여 장애가중치를 개정하였다. 이번 연구에서 수행한 add-on study 방법을 활용하여 장애가중치 값을 산출할 경우 다수의 전문가의 누적된 의견을 기반으로 장애가중치를 안정적으로 개정하여 특정 질병원인의 장애보정생존연수를 보다 정확하게 산출할 수 있게 될 것이다.

Citations

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  • Trends in Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) and Disparities by Income and Region in Korea (2008–2020): Analysis of a Nationwide Claims Database
    Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Measuring the Burden of Disease in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (2008–2020)
    Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Korean National Burden of Disease: The Importance of Diabetes Management
    Chung-Nyun Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 518.     CrossRef
  • Newly estimated disability weights for 196 health states in Hubei Province, China
    Mengge Zhou, Lan Zhang, Tianjing He, Shuzhen Zhu, Yumeng Tang, Qian Li, Miaoyan Shen, Jingju Pan
    Population Health Metrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
National Cancer Control Plan of the Korea: Current Status and the Fourth Plan (2021-2025)
Kyu-Tae Han, Jae Kwan Jun, Jeong-Soo Im
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):205-211.   Published online May 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.115
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Cancer management has become a major policy goal for the government of the Korea. As such, the government introduced the National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP) to reduce the individual and social burdens caused by cancer and to promote national health. During the past 25 years, 3 phases of the NCCP have been completed. During this time, the NCCP has changed significantly in all aspects of cancer control from prevention to survival. The targets for cancer control are increasing, and although some blind spots remain, new demands are emerging. The government initiated the fourth NCCP in March 2021, with the vision of “A Healthy Country with No Concerns about Cancer Anywhere at Any Time,” which aims to build and disseminate high-quality cancer data, reduce preventable cancer cases, and reduce gaps in cancer control. Its main strategies include (1) activation of cancer big data, (2) advancement of cancer prevention and screening, (3) improvement in cancer treatment and response, and (4) establishment of a foundation for balanced cancer control. The fourth NCCP has many positive expectations, similar to the last 3 plans; however, cross-domain support and participation are required to achieve positive results in cancer control. Notably, cancer remains the leading cause of death despite decades of management efforts and should continue to be managed carefully from a national perspective.
Summary
Korean summary
- 기존 1~3차 국가암관리계획의 전반적인 성과를 소개합니다. - 제4차 국가암관리계획의 목표 및 내용을 기존 계획과 비교하여 설명합니다.

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    Sunghak Kim, Timothy Jung, Dae Kyung Sohn, Mina Suh, Yoon Jung Chang
    Journal of Medical Internet Research.2024; 26: e57762.     CrossRef
  • Association between Socioecological Status, Nutrient Intake, and Cancer Screening Behaviors in Adults Aged 40 and Over: Insights from the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2019)
    Seungpil Jeong, Yean-Jung Choi
    Nutrients.2024; 16(7): 1048.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric Characteristics of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Severity Subscale Among Korean Cancer Survivors
    So-Young Park
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Original Articles
Operational Definitions of Colorectal Cancer in the Korean National Health Insurance Database
Hyeree Park, Yu Rim Kim, Yerin Pyun, Hyundeok Joo, Aesun Shin
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):312-318.   Published online May 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.033
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
We reviewed the operational definitions of colorectal cancer (CRC) from studies using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and compared CRC incidence derived from the commonly used operational definitions in the literature with the statistics reported by the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR).
Methods
We searched the MEDLINE and KoreaMed databases to identify studies containing operational definitions of CRC, published until January 15, 2021. All pertinent data concerning the study period, the utilized database, and the outcome variable were extracted. Within the NHIS-National Sample Cohort, age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of CRC were calculated for each operational definition found in the literature between 2005 and 2019. These rates were then compared with ASRs from the KCCR.
Results
From the 62 eligible studies, 9 operational definitions for CRC were identified. The most commonly used operational definition was “C18-C20” (n=20), followed by “C18-C20 with claim code for treatment” (n=3) and “C18-C20 with V193 (code for registered cancer patients’ payment deduction)” (n=3). The ASRs reported using these operational definitions were lower than the ASRs from KCCR, except for “C18-C20 used as the main diagnosis.” The smallest difference in ASRs was observed for “C18-C20,” followed by “C18- C20 with V193,” and “C18-C20 with claim code for hospitalization or code for treatment.”
Conclusions
In defining CRC patients utilizing the NHIS database, the ASR derived through the operational definition of “C18-C20 as the main diagnosis” was comparable to the ASR from the KCCR. Depending on the study hypothesis, operational definitions using treatment codes may be utilized.
Summary
Korean summary
- 국민건강보험공단 자료 기반 연구에서 사용된 대장암의 조작적 정의를 검토하고 각 조작적 정의에 따른 대장암의 연령표준화발생률을 중앙암등록본부에서 보고한 수치와 비교하였다. - 62개의 출판된 문헌을 검토하여 9개의 조작적 정의를 확인하였고 이 중 "C18-C20"이 가장 일반적으로 사용되었다. - "C18-C20"을 주진단으로 정의한 경우의 연령표준화발생률은 중앙암등록본부에서 보고한 연령표준화발생률과 가장 유사하였다.

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    Hyejin Lee, Hyunwoo Nam, Jae-ryun Lee, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee
    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024038.     CrossRef
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    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024015.     CrossRef
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Predictors and Prevalence of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-use Among Filipino Adolescents: Evidence From a School-based Student Health Survey
Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III, Jerico B. Ogaya, Victor C. Cañezo Jr., Roland A. Niez, Florante E. Delos Santos, Melchor M. Magramo, Ann Rosanie Yap-Tan, Francis Ann R. Sy, Omar Kasimieh
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):288-297.   Published online May 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.052
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study explored the prevalence and predictors of alcohol and cannabis co-use among 9263 Filipino adolescents, using data from the 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS).
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the GSHS, targeting adolescents aged 13-17 years and excluding cases with incomplete data on alcohol and cannabis use. Our analysis employed the bivariate chi-square test of independence and multivariable logistic regression using Stata version 18 to identify significant predictors of co-use, with a p-value threshold set at 0.05.
Results
The weighted prevalence of co-users was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 5.3). Significant predictors included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.50; 95% CI, 3.31 to 6.10; p<0.001) and being in a lower academic year, specifically grade 7 (aOR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.39 to 6.99; p<0.001) and grade 8 (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.72; p=0.003). Poor sleep quality was also a significant predictor (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.44; p<0.001), as was a history of attempted suicide (aOR, 5.31; 95% CI, 4.00 to 7.06; p<0.001). Physical inactivity was associated with lower odds of co-use (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.62; p<0.001). Additionally, non-attendance of physical education classes (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.05; p=0.021), infrequent unapproved parental checks (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.80; p=0.024), and lower parental awareness of free-time activities (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.87; p=0.005) were associated with higher odds of co-use. Factors not significantly linked to co-use included age group, being in grade 9, always feeling lonely, having no close friends, being bullied outside school, and whether a parent or guardian understood the adolescent’s worries.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the critical need for comprehensive interventions in the Philippines, addressing not only physical inactivity and parental monitoring but also focusing on sex, academic grade, participation in physical education classes, sleep quality, and suicide attempt history, to effectively reduce alcohol and cannabis co-use among adolescents.
Summary
Key Message
This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence and key predictors of alcohol and cannabis co-use among 9263 Filipino adolescents using data from the 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey. Significant predictors of co-use include male sex, lower academic grade, poor sleep quality, history of attempted suicide, physical inactivity, non-attendance in physical education classes, infrequent parental checks, and low parental awareness of adolescents' activities, with a weighted co-use prevalence of 4.2%. The study underscores the need for comprehensive interventions addressing these factors to reduce substance co-use among Filipino adolescents.

Citations

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  • Self-rated health differences between exclusive e-cigarette users and exclusive cigarette smokers: evidence from the 2017–2019 Scottish Health Survey
    Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno, Isaac Olushola Ogunkola
    Internal and Emergency Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence, demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors associated with cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use: evidence from the 2017–2021 Scottish Health Survey
    Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Duaa Abdullah Bafail, Oluwatobi Ebenezer Oni
    Internal and Emergency Medicine.2024; 19(8): 2151.     CrossRef
  • Comparing self-rated health among exclusive e-cigarette users and traditional cigarette smokers: an analysis of the Health Survey for England 2019
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Relationship Between Pesticide Exposure Factors and Health Symptoms Among Chili Farmers in Northeast Thailand
Ratchadaporn Pengpan, Kulthida Y. Kopolrat, Sribud Srichaijaroonpong, Nutta Taneepanichskul, Patiwat Yasaka, Ratanee Kammoolkon
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):73-82.   Published online December 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.353
  • 2,816 View
  • 322 Download
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The unsafe use of pesticides in agriculture represents a major hazard to human health. This study was conducted to investigate the association between pesticide exposure and health symptoms among chili farmers in northeast Thailand.
Methods
This cross-sectional analytic study included 141 chili farmers in Sakon Nakhon Province, in northeast Thailand. Data regarding health symptoms were gathered using a self-report questionnaire. A medical technician tested blood cholinesterase activity using an erythrocyte method, and an occupational medicine specialist at Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand reviewed the results. Associations between personal characteristics, pesticide exposure factors, and health symptoms were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
Results
Of the 141 chili farmers studied, 66.7% experienced pesticide poisoning, as indicated by below-normal cholinesterase levels. Fatigue was the most frequently reported symptom associated with pesticide exposure, affecting 37.6% of participants. This was followed by nausea and vomiting (31.9%), dizziness (14.9%), and dry throat (14.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with adverse symptoms: amount of work experience, volume of pesticides used, use of chemical pesticides, use of leaking containers during spraying, direct pesticide exposure while working, contact with pesticide-soaked clothing, consumption of food and drinks in the fields, and blood cholinesterase level indicating risk.
Conclusions
This study suggests potential health risks for chili farmers stemming from exposure to and contamination by pesticides used in agricultural practices. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to supply personal protective equipment and to implement educational programs aimed at improving protective behaviors among farmers.
Summary
Key Message
This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of pesticide exposure on health symptoms. In a cross-sectional study, the effects of pesticide exposure on acetylcholinesterase erythrocyte activity in blood during agricultural practices were examined as potential health risks for chili farmers. It is crucial to provide personal protective equipment and to implement educational initiatives targeted at encouraging farmers to adopt more protective behaviors to reduce these risks.

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  • Developmental inequity and the impact of pesticide exposure on gut and brain health in developing nations – a Brazilian perspective
    Jessica Gama, Bianca Cruz Neves, Antonio Pereira
    Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Wiwiek Harsonowati, Evy Latifah, Arinal Haq Izzawati Nurrahma, Jati Purwani, Rashid Iqbal, Javid Ahmad Parray, Ashish D. Patel
    Symbiosis.2024; 93(3): 241.     CrossRef
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