1Doctoral Program on Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
2Department of Public Health, Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Copyright © 2022 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest associated with the material presented in this paper.
FUNDING
None.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: Azmiardi A, Murti B, Febrinasari RP. Data curation: Azmiardi A, Murti B., Formal analysis: Azmiardi A, Murti B. Funding acquisition: None. Methodology: Azmiardi A, Murti B. Project administration: Azmiardi A, Murti B, Febrinasari RP, Tamtomo DG. Visualization: Azmiardi A. Writing – original draft: Azmiardi A, Murti B, Febrinasari RP, Tamtomo DG. Writing – review & editing: Azmiardi A, Murti B, Febrinasari RP.
Study | Country | Design | Setting | Sample size | Age, mean±SD (y) | Social support assessment | Cut-off score |
Degree of social support |
Depression assessment | Cut-off score |
Presence of depression |
Diabetes assessment | aOR (95%CI) | Confounding | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | No | Yes | |||||||||||||
Kogan et al., 2007 [25] | USA | Crosssectional | Community-based | 200 | 52.5±6.69 | Social Provisions Scale | NR | 66 | 134 | CES-D | ≥16 | 138 | 62 | Administrative data | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | Sex, adequate necessities, neighborhood disadvantage, supportive relationship, relationship with health provider, insulin, diabetes medications, days reporting symptoms of hypoglycemia, hemoglobin A1C, health status |
Thaneerat et al., 2010 [35] | Thailand | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 250 | 63.0 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 32 | 218 | HADS-D | ≥8 | 180 | 70 | Administrative data | 4.10 (1.78, 9.53) | Education, duration of diabetes, diabetes complications, metabolic syndrome, poor self-care, adherence to treatment |
Kollannoor-Samuel et al., 2011 [26] | USA | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 211 | 56.4±11.8 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 185 | 16 | CES-D | ≥21 | 106 | 105 | Self-report | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | Gender, ethnicity, income, employment, household size, food insecurity, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, self-rated health status, number of clinical symptoms, number of medications, insulin use |
El Mahalli, 2015 [27] | Saudi Arabia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 260 | 49.87±13.2 | Perceived Social Support Scale | <49 | 44 | 216 | CES-D | ≥15 | 131 | 129 | Administrative data | 2.29 (0.97, 5.38) | Not-married status, poor diabetes mellitus control, duration of diabetes mellitus >20 y |
Habtewold et al., 2016 [29] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 264 | 55.9±10.9 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 95 | 169 | PHQ-9 | ≥5 | 146 | 118 | Self-report | 2.70 (1.50, 5.00) | Sex, income, body mass index, no. of co-morbidities, no. of diabetic complications, physical activity |
Al-Mohaimeed, 2017 [28] | Saudi Arabia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 300 | 18-60 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 58 | 242 | HADS | ≥8 | 196 | 104 | Administrative data | 6.62 (2.51, 17.50) | Age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, income, duration diabetes, control |
Engidaw et al., 2020 [30] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 403 | 46.4±13.3 | Oslo Social Support Scale | <9 | 117 | 286 | PHQ-9 | ≥5 | 317 | 86 | Administrative data | 3.61 (1.76, 7.36) | Residence, physical disability, fasting blood glucose level |
Gebre et al., 2020 [31] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 260 | 43.8±11.4 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 118 | 142 | PHQ-9 | ≥5 | 152 | 108 | Administrative data | 3.68 (1.63, 8.29) | Alcohol intake, loss of someone very close or spouse, not adhering to the recommended dietary regimen, not adhering to physical activity, not adhering to medication, and blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg |
Jarso et al., 2020 [32] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 397 | 43.6 ±13.2 | Oslo Social Support Scale | <9 | 100 | 297 | HADS-D | ≥8 | 247 | 150 | Administrative data | 1.94 (1.03, 3.67) | Sex, residency, marital educational status, diabetes treatment, presence comorbid, diabetes duration, no. of comorbidities |
Geleta et al., 2021 [34] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 321 | 41.3±12.8 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 124 | 197 | Beck depression inventory | ≥11 | 209 | 112 | Administrative data | 1.70 (1.37, 2.57) | Age, having diabetic complications, levels of lipids and blood glucose |
Ilori et al., 2021 [33] | Nigeria | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 273 | 62.1±10.2 | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support | <3 | 18 | 255 | Zung Self Depression Rating Scale | ≥50 | 198 | 75 | Administrative data | 1.85 (1.08, 3.17) | Physical inactivity and uncontrolled blood glucose |
Study | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | %Yes | Risk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kogan et al., 2007 [25] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
Thaneerat et al., 2010 [35] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
Kollannoor-Samuel et al., 2011 [26] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
El Mahalli, 2015 [27] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
Habtewold et al., 2016 [29] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | yes | 100 | Low |
Al-Mohaimeed, 2017 [28] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
Engidaw et al., 2020 [30] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | yes | 100 | Low |
Gebre et al., 2020 [31] | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 87.5 | Low |
Jarso et al., 2020 [32] | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 87.5 | Low |
Geleta et al., 2021 [34] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | yes | 100 | Low |
Ilori et al., 2021 [33] | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 87.5 | Low |
Q1: Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined?; Q2: Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?; Q3: Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?; Q4: Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition?; Q5: Were confounding factors identified?; Q6: Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?; Q7: Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?; and Q8: Was appropriate statistical analysis used?
Study | Sample size | Pooled aOR |
95% CI |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | |||
Kogan et al., 2007 [25] | 200 | 2.37 | 1.62 | 3.45 |
Thaneerat et al., 2010 [35] | 250 | 1.90 | 1.43 | 2.54 |
Kollannoor-Samuel et al., 2011 [26] | 211 | 2.36 | 1.62 | 3.43 |
El Mahalli, 2015 [27] | 260 | 2.00 | 1.49 | 2.70 |
Habtewold et al., 2016 [29] | 276 | 1.95 | 1.45 | 2.62 |
Al-Mohaimeed, 2017 [28] | 300 | 1.86 | 1.40 | 2.46 |
Engidaw et al., 2020 [30] | 403 | 1.90 | 1.43 | 2.54 |
Gebre et al., 2020 [31] | 260 | 1.92 | 1.44 | 2.56 |
Jarso et al., 2020 [32] | 397 | 2.03 | 1.50 | 2.75 |
Geleta et al., 2021 [34] | 321 | 2.09 | 1.52 | 2.88 |
Ilori et al., 2021 [33] | 273 | 2.04 | 1.51 | 2.77 |
Combined | 3151 | 2.02 | 1.51 | 2.70 |
Study | Country | Design | Setting | Sample size | Age, mean±SD (y) | Social support assessment | Cut-off score | Degree of social support |
Depression assessment | Cut-off score | Presence of depression |
Diabetes assessment | aOR (95%CI) | Confounding | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | High | No | Yes | |||||||||||||
Kogan et al., 2007 [25] | USA | Crosssectional | Community-based | 200 | 52.5±6.69 | Social Provisions Scale | NR | 66 | 134 | CES-D | ≥16 | 138 | 62 | Administrative data | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | Sex, adequate necessities, neighborhood disadvantage, supportive relationship, relationship with health provider, insulin, diabetes medications, days reporting symptoms of hypoglycemia, hemoglobin A1C, health status |
Thaneerat et al., 2010 [35] | Thailand | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 250 | 63.0 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 32 | 218 | HADS-D | ≥8 | 180 | 70 | Administrative data | 4.10 (1.78, 9.53) | Education, duration of diabetes, diabetes complications, metabolic syndrome, poor self-care, adherence to treatment |
Kollannoor-Samuel et al., 2011 [26] | USA | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 211 | 56.4±11.8 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 185 | 16 | CES-D | ≥21 | 106 | 105 | Self-report | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | Gender, ethnicity, income, employment, household size, food insecurity, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, self-rated health status, number of clinical symptoms, number of medications, insulin use |
El Mahalli, 2015 [27] | Saudi Arabia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 260 | 49.87±13.2 | Perceived Social Support Scale | <49 | 44 | 216 | CES-D | ≥15 | 131 | 129 | Administrative data | 2.29 (0.97, 5.38) | Not-married status, poor diabetes mellitus control, duration of diabetes mellitus >20 y |
Habtewold et al., 2016 [29] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 264 | 55.9±10.9 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 95 | 169 | PHQ-9 | ≥5 | 146 | 118 | Self-report | 2.70 (1.50, 5.00) | Sex, income, body mass index, no. of co-morbidities, no. of diabetic complications, physical activity |
Al-Mohaimeed, 2017 [28] | Saudi Arabia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 300 | 18-60 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 58 | 242 | HADS | ≥8 | 196 | 104 | Administrative data | 6.62 (2.51, 17.50) | Age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, income, duration diabetes, control |
Engidaw et al., 2020 [30] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 403 | 46.4±13.3 | Oslo Social Support Scale | <9 | 117 | 286 | PHQ-9 | ≥5 | 317 | 86 | Administrative data | 3.61 (1.76, 7.36) | Residence, physical disability, fasting blood glucose level |
Gebre et al., 2020 [31] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 260 | 43.8±11.4 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 118 | 142 | PHQ-9 | ≥5 | 152 | 108 | Administrative data | 3.68 (1.63, 8.29) | Alcohol intake, loss of someone very close or spouse, not adhering to the recommended dietary regimen, not adhering to physical activity, not adhering to medication, and blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg |
Jarso et al., 2020 [32] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 397 | 43.6 ±13.2 | Oslo Social Support Scale | <9 | 100 | 297 | HADS-D | ≥8 | 247 | 150 | Administrative data | 1.94 (1.03, 3.67) | Sex, residency, marital educational status, diabetes treatment, presence comorbid, diabetes duration, no. of comorbidities |
Geleta et al., 2021 [34] | Ethiopia | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 321 | 41.3±12.8 | Social Support Questionnaire | NR | 124 | 197 | Beck depression inventory | ≥11 | 209 | 112 | Administrative data | 1.70 (1.37, 2.57) | Age, having diabetic complications, levels of lipids and blood glucose |
Ilori et al., 2021 [33] | Nigeria | Crosssectional | Hospital-based | 273 | 62.1±10.2 | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support | <3 | 18 | 255 | Zung Self Depression Rating Scale | ≥50 | 198 | 75 | Administrative data | 1.85 (1.08, 3.17) | Physical inactivity and uncontrolled blood glucose |
Study | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | %Yes | Risk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kogan et al., 2007 [25] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
Thaneerat et al., 2010 [35] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
Kollannoor-Samuel et al., 2011 [26] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
El Mahalli, 2015 [27] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
Habtewold et al., 2016 [29] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | yes | 100 | Low |
Al-Mohaimeed, 2017 [28] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 100 | Low |
Engidaw et al., 2020 [30] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | yes | 100 | Low |
Gebre et al., 2020 [31] | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 87.5 | Low |
Jarso et al., 2020 [32] | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 87.5 | Low |
Geleta et al., 2021 [34] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | yes | 100 | Low |
Ilori et al., 2021 [33] | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 87.5 | Low |
Study | Sample size | Pooled aOR | 95% CI |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
LL | UL | |||
Kogan et al., 2007 [25] | 200 | 2.37 | 1.62 | 3.45 |
Thaneerat et al., 2010 [35] | 250 | 1.90 | 1.43 | 2.54 |
Kollannoor-Samuel et al., 2011 [26] | 211 | 2.36 | 1.62 | 3.43 |
El Mahalli, 2015 [27] | 260 | 2.00 | 1.49 | 2.70 |
Habtewold et al., 2016 [29] | 276 | 1.95 | 1.45 | 2.62 |
Al-Mohaimeed, 2017 [28] | 300 | 1.86 | 1.40 | 2.46 |
Engidaw et al., 2020 [30] | 403 | 1.90 | 1.43 | 2.54 |
Gebre et al., 2020 [31] | 260 | 1.92 | 1.44 | 2.56 |
Jarso et al., 2020 [32] | 397 | 2.03 | 1.50 | 2.75 |
Geleta et al., 2021 [34] | 321 | 2.09 | 1.52 | 2.88 |
Ilori et al., 2021 [33] | 273 | 2.04 | 1.51 | 2.77 |
Combined | 3151 | 2.02 | 1.51 | 2.70 |
SD, standard deviation; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; NR, not reported.
Q1: Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined?; Q2: Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?; Q3: Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?; Q4: Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition?; Q5: Were confounding factors identified?; Q6: Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?; Q7: Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?; and Q8: Was appropriate statistical analysis used?
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LL, lower limit; UL, upper limit.