Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Most-download articles are from the articles published in 2022 during the last three month.

Systematic Review

Coping Mechanisms Utilized by Individuals With Drug Addiction in Overcoming Challenges During the Recovery Process: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis: Agus Setiawan, Junaiti Sahar, Budi Santoso, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, Syamikar Baridwan Syamsir; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):197-211. Published online May 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.042

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Recovery from drug addiction often poses challenges for the recovering person. The coping mechanisms employed by these individuals to resist temptations and manage stress play a key role in the healing process. This study was conducted to explore the coping strategies or techniques that individuals with addiction use to handle stress and temptation while undergoing treatment.
Methods
A qualitative meta-synthesis approach was utilized to critically evaluate relevant qualitative research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used for article selection, with these standards applied to 4 academic databases: Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL. The present review included studies published between 2014 and 2023, selected based on pre-established inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist. This review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42024497789.
Results
The analysis of 13 qualifying qualitative articles revealed 5 major themes illustrating the coping mechanisms employed in the pursuit of recovery by individuals who use drugs. These themes include seeking social support, as well as psychological coping strategies, spiritual experiences, professional interventions, and the enhancement of awareness.
Conclusions
Among individuals with drug addiction, coping mechanisms are crucial for resisting stress and temptations throughout the recovery process. Healthcare professionals, as medical specialists, can establish more thorough and effective plans to support these patients on their path to recovery.; Summary

Key Message
This study attempts to investigate the coping mechanisms used by individuals with drug addiction during the recovery process. Through a qualitative meta-synthesis of 13 qualitative studies, we identified five main coping mechanisms: seeking social support, psychological coping strategies, spiritual experiences, professional interventions, and the enhancement of awareness. These results suggest that these coping mechanisms are important for managing stress and temptation, supporting a more holistic approach to addiction treatment.

Original Articles

Environmental Health Literacy Regarding Fine Particulate Matter and Related Factors Among Village Health Volunteers in Upper Northern Thailand: Nattapon Pansakun, Warangkana Naksen, Waraporn Boonchieng, Parichat Ong-artborirak, Tippawan Prapamontol; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):138-147. Published online February 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.434

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Fine particulate matter pollution has emerged as a significant life-threatening issue in Thailand. Recognizing the importance of environmental health literacy (EHL) in disease prevention is crucial for protecting public health. This study investigated EHL levels and aimed to identify associated factors among village health volunteers (VHVs) in the upper northern region of Thailand.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 710 VHVs using the EHL assessment tool developed by the Department of Health, Thailand.
Results
The overall EHL score was moderate (mean, 3.28 out of a possible 5.0), with the highest and lowest domain-specific mean score for the ability to make decisions (3.52) and the ability to access (3.03). Multiple linear regression revealed that the factors associated with EHL score were area of residence (urban areas in Chiang Mai: B=0.254; urban areas in Lampang: B=0.274; and rural areas in Lampang: B=0.250 compared to rural areas in Chiang Mai), higher education levels (senior high school: B=0.212; diploma/high vocational certificate: B=0.350; bachelor’s degree or above: B=0.528 compared to elementary school or lower), having annual health checkups compared to not having annual health check-ups (B=0.142), monthly family income (B=0.004), and individuals frequently facing air pollution issues around their residence (B=0.199) compared to those who reported no such issues.
Conclusions
The VHVs exhibited moderate EHL associated with residence area, education, health check-ups, family income, and residential air pollution. Considering these factors is vital for enhancing VHVs’ EHL through strategic interventions.; Summary

Factors Associated With Long-term Retention in Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV: Evidence From a Tertiary Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia: Ifael Yerosias Mauleti, Krishna Adi Wibisana, Djati Prasetio Syamsuridzal, Sri Mulyati, Vivi Lisdawati, Ika Saptarini, Nurhayati , Armedy Ronny Hasugian, Harimat Hendarwan; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):252-259. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.512

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study investigated factors associated with the retention of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the first 3 years of treatment.
Methods
A retrospective study using electronic health records was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Adult HIV-positive patients who started ART from 2010 until 2020 were included. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with ART retention in the first 3 years.
Results
In total, 535 respondents were included in the analysis. The ART retention rates for the first, second, and third years were 83.7%, 79.1%, and 77.2%, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed a negative association between CD4 count when starting ART and retention. Patients with CD4 counts >200 cells/mL were 0.65 times less likely to have good retention than those with CD4 counts ≤200 cells/mL. The year of starting ART was also significantly associated with retention. Patients who started ART in 2010-2013 or 2014-2016 were less likely to have good retention than those who started ART in 2017-2020, with adjusted odds ratios of 0.52 and 0.40, respectively. Patients who received efavirenz-based therapy were 1.69 times more likely to have good retention than those who received nevirapine (95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 2.72).
Conclusions
Our study revealed a decline in ART retention in the third year. The CD4 count, year of enrollment, and an efavirenz-based regimen were significantly associated with retention. Patient engagement has long been a priority in HIV programs, with interventions being implemented to address this issue.; Summary

Key Message
The administration of antiretroviral therapy to HIV patients has resulted in increased rates of survival, enhanced quality of life, and less transmission of the virus. Nevertheless, a negative correlation exists between the length of antiretroviral therapy and patient retention in care. Our study used data from a tertiary hospital and indicated a decrease in the retention rate of antiretroviral therapy over the third year. Retention was associated with the CD4 count, year of enrollment, and the use of an efavirenz-based treatment. Emphasizing patient engagement has been a longstanding focus in HIV programs, with initiatives being implemented to tackle this matter.

Review

Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Necessity and Characteristics: Jeehee Pyo, Won Lee, Eun Young Choi, Seung Gyeong Jang, Minsu Ock; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):12-20. Published online January 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.451

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626 Download
18 Web of Science
19 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF

Quantitative and qualitative research explore various social phenomena using different methods. However, there has been a tendency to treat quantitative studies using complicated statistical techniques as more scientific and superior, whereas relatively few qualitative studies have been conducted in the medical and healthcare fields. This review aimed to provide a proper understanding of qualitative research. This review examined the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research to help researchers select the appropriate qualitative research methodology. Qualitative research is applicable in following cases: (1) when an exploratory approach is required on a topic that is not well known, (2) when something cannot be explained fully with quantitative research, (3) when it is necessary to newly present a specific view on a research topic that is difficult to explain with existing views, (4) when it is inappropriate to present the rationale or theoretical proposition for designing hypotheses, as in quantitative research, and (5) when conducting research that requires detailed descriptive writing with literary expressions. Qualitative research is conducted in the following order: (1) selection of a research topic and question, (2) selection of a theoretical framework and methods, (3) literature analysis, (4) selection of the research participants and data collection methods, (5) data analysis and description of findings, and (6) research validation. This review can contribute to the more active use of qualitative research in healthcare, and the findings are expected to instill a proper understanding of qualitative research in researchers who review qualitative research reports and papers.

Summary

Korean summary
이 원고는 질적연구 방법론의 필요성 및 특징과 함께 보건의료 분야에서 질적연구 방법론이 활용된 선행 연구들을 정리하였다. 이는 보건의료 분야의 사회과학적 특성을 더 잘 드러내는 질적연구 방법론의 적용 및 확대에 도움이 될 것이다.

Citations

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International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Qualitative Comparison of Perceptions Regarding Patient Engagement for Patient Safety by Physicians, Nurses, and Patients
Seung Gyeong Jang, Minsu Ock, Soyoon Kim
Patient Preference and Adherence.2024; Volume 18: 1065. CrossRef
Coping Mechanisms Utilized by Individuals With Drug Addiction in Overcoming Challenges During the Recovery Process: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis
Agus Setiawan, Junaiti Sahar, Budi Santoso, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, Syamikar Baridwan Syamsir
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(3): 197. CrossRef
Quality of Life of deaf adolescents in high school: A systematic literature review
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Conducting and Writing Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Edward Barroga, Glafera Janet Matanguihan, Atsuko Furuta, Makiko Arima, Shizuma Tsuchiya, Chikako Kawahara, Yusuke Takamiya, Miki Izumi
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‘How is our job affecting us?’ Neonatal Intensive Care Unit healthcare providers and their pregnancy: A descriptive qualitative study
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Author Response: Students’ Positive Coping Strategies From Disaster: A Narrative Analysis
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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Qualitative Research Among Health Sciences Faculty
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Scoping Review

The Role of Pharmacists’ Interventions in Increasing Medication Adherence of Patients With Epilepsy: A Scoping Review: Iin Ernawati, Nanang Munif Yasin, Ismail Setyopranoto, Zullies Ikawati; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):212-222. Published online April 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.592

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Epilepsy is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment and intervention from health workers. Medication adherence is a factor that influences the success of therapy for patients with epilepsy. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the role of pharmacists in improving the clinical outcomes of epilepsy patients, focusing on medication adherence.
Methods
A scoping literature search was conducted through the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The literature search included all original articles published in English until August 2023 for which the full text was available. This scoping review was carried out by a team consisting of pharmacists and neurologists following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, including 5 steps: identifying research questions, finding relevant articles, selecting articles, presenting data, and compiling the results.
Results
The literature search yielded 10 studies that discussed pharmacist interventions for patients with epilepsy. Five articles described educational interventions involving drug-related counseling with pharmacists. Two articles focused on similar pharmacist interventions through patient education, both verbal and written. Three articles discussed an epilepsy review service, a multidisciplinary intervention program involving pharmacists and other health workers, and a mixed intervention combining education and training with therapy-based behavioral interventions.
Conclusions
Pharmacist interventions have been shown to be effective in improving medication adherence in patients with epilepsy. Furthermore, these interventions play a crucial role in improving other therapeutic outcomes, including patients’ knowledge of self-management, perceptions of illness, the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in controlling seizures, and overall quality of life.; Summary

Key Message
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that requires long-term treatment and support from health workers, including pharmacists. Pharmacists can provide interventions independently or in collaboration with other health workers, including treatment education through counseling (essential information about the condition, insights into epilepsy, seizure triggers, and antiepileptic drugs) and education and training with therapy-based behavioral interventions (reminders and skill-based psychological support). Pharmacist intervention is known to increase medication adherence, which is an important factor in the success of therapy for epilepsy patients and can improve other therapy outcomes such as increasing knowledge of epilepsy, seizure control, and quality of life.

Original Article

Using the Health Belief Model to Predict Tuberculosis Preventive Behaviors Among Tuberculosis Patients’ Household Contacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Border Areas of Northern Thailand: Nantawan Khamai, Katekaew Seangpraw, Parichat Ong-Artborirak; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):223-233. Published online May 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.453

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated the rate of tuberculosis (TB) infection among close contacts of TB patients in remote regions. However, research on preventive behaviors, guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), among household contacts of TB cases is scarce. This study aimed to employ the HBM as a framework to predict TB preventive behaviors among household contacts of TB patients in the border areas of Northern Thailand.
Methods
A cross-sectional study with multi-stage random sampling was conducted in Chiang Rai Province. The study included 422 TB patients’ household contacts aged 18 years or older who had available chest X-ray (CXR) results. A self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct the survey.
Results
The participants’ mean age was 42.93 years. Pearson correlation analysis showed that TB preventive behavior scores were significantly correlated with TB knowledge (r=0.397), perceived susceptibility (r=0.565), perceived severity (r=0.452), perceived benefits (r=0.581), self-efficacy (r=0.526), and cues to action (r=0.179). Binary logistic regression revealed that the modeled odds of having an abnormal CXR decreased by 30.0% for each 1-point score increase in preventive behavior (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.79).
Conclusions
HBM constructs were able to explain preventive behaviors among TB patients’ household contacts. The HBM could be used in health promotion programs to improve TB preventive behaviors and avoid negative outcomes.; Summary

Key Message
- Tuberculosis knowledge and the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs are associated with preventive behaviors that affect CXR results among pulmonary TB patients’ household contacts. - The HBM could be used in health promotion programs to improve TB preventive behaviors and avoid negative outcomes.

Review

Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Data Analysis: Dasom Im, Jeehye Pyo, Haneul Lee, Hyeran Jung, Minsu Ock; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):100-110. Published online February 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.471

10,659 View
597 Download
12 Web of Science
16 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF

Qualitative research methodology has been applied with increasing frequency in various fields, including in healthcare research, where quantitative research methodology has traditionally dominated, with an empirically driven approach involving statistical analysis. Drawing upon artifacts and verbal data collected from in-depth interviews or participatory observations, qualitative research examines the comprehensive experiences of research participants who have experienced salient yet unappreciated phenomena. In this study, we review 6 representative qualitative research methodologies in terms of their characteristics and analysis methods: consensual qualitative research, phenomenological research, qualitative case study, grounded theory, photovoice, and content analysis. We mainly focus on specific aspects of data analysis and the description of results, while also providing a brief overview of each methodology’s philosophical background. Furthermore, since quantitative researchers have criticized qualitative research methodology for its perceived lack of validity, we examine various validation methods of qualitative research. This review article intends to assist researchers in employing an ideal qualitative research methodology and in reviewing and evaluating qualitative research with proper standards and criteria.

Summary

Korean summary
질적연구 방법론은 보건의료 연구에서 연구 참여자가 경험하는 주요 현상을 잘 포착할 수 있도록 해 준다. 이 논문에서는 합의적 질적연구, 현상학적 연구, 질적 사례 연구, 근거이론, 포토보이스, 내용 분석 등 6가지의 대표적인 질적 연구 방법론에 대한 간략한 철학적 배경과 구체적인 데이터 분석 및 해석 방법을 소개한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Surgical De-escalation in Breast Cancer: Qualitative Research Introduces Hope for Patients and Illuminates a Blind Spot Within Blinded Studies
Jose G. Bazan, Benjamin W. Corn
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2024; 118(2): 455. CrossRef
Consumer Perceptions of Home-Based Percussive Massage Therapy for Musculoskeletal Concerns: Inductive Thematic Qualitative Analysis
Saloni Butala, Pearl Valentine Galido, Benjamin K P Woo
JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies.2024; 11: e52328. CrossRef
Analyzing the prohibition of interfaith marriage in Indonesia: legal, religious, and human rights perspectives
M. Thahir Maloko, Sippah Chotban, Muhammad Ikram Nur Fuady, Hasdiwanti
Cogent Social Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Intervention in autism based on Early Start Denver Model in a multiethnic immigrant setting—experiences of preschool staff involved in its implementation
Petra Linnsand, Gudrun Nygren, Jonas Hermansson, Christopher Gillberg, Emilia Carlsson
Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of family medicine physicians in providing nutrition support to older patients admitted to orthopedics departments: a grounded theory approach
Ryuichi Ohta, Tachiko Nitta, Akiko Shimizu, Chiaki Sano
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Diagnosing an overcrowded emergency department from its Electronic Health Records
Luca Marzano, Adam S. Darwich, Raghothama Jayanth, Lethvall Sven, Nina Falk, Patrik Bodeby, Sebastiaan Meijer
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Qualitative Comparison of Perceptions Regarding Patient Engagement for Patient Safety by Physicians, Nurses, and Patients
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Patient Preference and Adherence.2024; Volume 18: 1065. CrossRef
Coping Mechanisms Utilized by Individuals With Drug Addiction in Overcoming Challenges During the Recovery Process: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis
Agus Setiawan, Junaiti Sahar, Budi Santoso, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, Syamikar Baridwan Syamsir
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(3): 197. CrossRef
Nurses and policymakers role in preparing adolescents with HIV for self-disclosure in Eswatini
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African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the economic toxicity experiences and coping styles of patients with colorectal cancer fistula in Jiangsu province, China: a qualitative study
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Original Articles

Association Between Objective Social Isolation and Unmet Medical Needs: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study in Korea: Jeong Min Yang, Seul Ki Lee, Jae Hyun Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):242-251. Published online April 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.516

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117 Download

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between objective social isolation (SI) and unmet medical needs (UMN) in adults aged 19 and older.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 208 619 adults aged 19 and older, excluding missing data, using the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. To analyze the association between objective SI and UMN, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed.
Results
The prevalence of UMN was 1.14 times higher (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.23) among those with SI than among those without SI, and the OR for groups with 5 SI types was 2.77 (95% CI, 1.86 to 4.12) compared to those with no SI types. In addition, a stratified analysis by age group showed that the association between SI and UMN existed even in groups under 64 years old. However, among those aged 65 and older, SI was associated with an OR of 1.53 (95% CI, 1.37 to 1.71) for UMN compared to non-SI. As the number of SI types increased, the prevalence of UMN also increased, indicating a strong association between SI and UMN in older adults.
Conclusions
This study found that individuals with SI experienced UMN due to fear and anxiety about interpersonal relationships. Therefore, based on the results of this cross-sectional study, it is necessary to investigate the causal relationship between SI and UMN through future longitudinal data.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2019년 지역사회건강조사를 활용하여 사회적 고립과 미충족의료 간의 연관성을 분석한 연구이다. 분석 결과 사회적 고립이 있을 경우 비사회적고립 집단에 비하여 미충족의료 경험률이 높았고, 사회적 고립의 강도가 높아질수록 강한 연관성을 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 미충족의료 취약 집단에 대한 정책적, 제도적 기반 마련이 요구된다.

Key Message
This study analyzed the association between social isolation and unmet medical needs using the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. The analysis revealed that individuals experiencing social isolation had a higher rate of unmet medical needs compared to the non-social isolation group. Furthermore, a stronger association was observed as the intensity of social isolation increased. Based on the results of this study, there is a need to establish policy and institutional foundations to support vulnerable groups with unmet medical needs.

Classification of Healthy Family Indicators in Indonesia Based on a K-means Cluster Analysis: Herti Maryani, Anissa Rizkianti, Nailul Izza; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):234-241. Published online May 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.497

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107 Download

Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Health development is a key element of national development. The goal of improving health development at the societal level will be readily achieved if it is directed from the smallest social unit, namely the family. This was the goal of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach. The objective of the study was to analyze variables of family health indicators across all provinces in Indonesia to identify provincial disparities based on the status of healthy families.
Methods
This study examined secondary data for 2021 from the Indonesia Health Profile, provided by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, and from the 2021 welfare statistics by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). From these sources, we identified 10 variables for analysis using the k-means method, a non-hierarchical method of cluster analysis.
Results
The results of the cluster analysis of healthy family indicators yielded 5 clusters. In general, cluster 1 (Papua and West Papua Provinces) had the lowest average achievements for healthy family indicators, while cluster 5 (Jakarta Province) had the highest indicator scores.
Conclusions
In Indonesia, disparities in healthy family indicators persist. Nutrition, maternal health, and child health are among the indicators that require government attention.; Summary

Key Message
This paper explores disparities in family health status across provinces using cluster analysis with the K-means approach applied to 10 family health indicator variables. Secondary data analysis was used from the 2021 Indonesian Health Profile and statistics on people’s welfare. The study identified five distinct clusters, each with different characteristics. Papua and West Papua demonstrate the lowest average level in terms of healthy family indicators, whereas DKI Jakarta shows the greatest indicator level. To eliminate the disparities, the government should prioritize the following indicators: maternal health, infant health, and nutrition.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Adolescent Pregnancy Among an Indigenous Ethnic Group in Rural Nepal: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study: Kusumsheela Bhatta, Pratiksha Pathak, Madhusudan Subedi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):269-278. Published online April 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.023

950 View
97 Download
1 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The Chepang people, an indigenous ethnic group in Nepal, experience substantial marginalization and socioeconomic disadvantages, making their communities among the most vulnerable in the region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in the Chepang communities of Raksirang Rural Municipality, Makwanpur District, Bagmati Province, Nepal.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to April 2023 among 231 Chepang women selected using simple random sampling from Raksirang Rural Municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for interviewing the mothers. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Variables with a variation inflation factor of more than 2 and a p-value of more than 0.25 were excluded from the final model.
Results
The study revealed that the prevalence rate of adolescent pregnancy among Chepang women was 71.4% (95% CI, 65.14 to 77.16). A large percentage of participants (72.7%) were married before the age of 18 years. Poor knowledge of adolescent pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 10.3; 95% CI, 8.42 to 14.87), unplanned pregnancy (aOR, 13.3; 95% CI, 10.76 to 19.2), and lack of sex education (aOR, 6.57; 95% CI, 3.85 to 11.27) were significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy.
Conclusions
The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among the Chepang community was high. These findings highlighted the importance of raising awareness about the potential consequences of adolescent pregnancy and implementing comprehensive sexuality education programs for preventing adolescent pregnancies within this community.

Summary

Key Message
This community-based cross-sectional study found that adolescent pregnancy was highly prevalent (71.4%) among the Chepang community, an indigenous and marginalized ethnic group in Nepal. Key contributing factors included poor knowledge of adolescent pregnancy, unplanned pregnancies, and a lack of sex education. The findings highlighted the urgent need for targeted awareness campaigns and comprehensive sexuality education programs to address and reduce adolescent pregnancies in this vulnerable community.

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Letter to the Editor: Teenage Pregnancy in the Philippines: Effects and Interventions
Dalmacito A. Cordero
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(3): 304. CrossRef

Predictors and Prevalence of Alcohol and Cannabis Co-use Among Filipino Adolescents: Evidence From a School-based Student Health Survey: Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III, Jerico B. Ogaya, Victor C. Cañezo Jr., Roland A. Niez, Florante E. Delos Santos, Melchor M. Magramo, Ann Rosanie Yap-Tan, Francis Ann R. Sy, Omar Kasimieh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):288-297. Published online May 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.052

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study explored the prevalence and predictors of alcohol and cannabis co-use among 9263 Filipino adolescents, using data from the 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS).
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the GSHS, targeting adolescents aged 13-17 years and excluding cases with incomplete data on alcohol and cannabis use. Our analysis employed the bivariate chi-square test of independence and multivariable logistic regression using Stata version 18 to identify significant predictors of co-use, with a p-value threshold set at 0.05.
Results
The weighted prevalence of co-users was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4 to 5.3). Significant predictors included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.50; 95% CI, 3.31 to 6.10; p<0.001) and being in a lower academic year, specifically grade 7 (aOR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.39 to 6.99; p<0.001) and grade 8 (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.30 to 3.72; p=0.003). Poor sleep quality was also a significant predictor (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.44; p<0.001), as was a history of attempted suicide (aOR, 5.31; 95% CI, 4.00 to 7.06; p<0.001). Physical inactivity was associated with lower odds of co-use (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.62; p<0.001). Additionally, non-attendance of physical education classes (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.05; p=0.021), infrequent unapproved parental checks (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.80; p=0.024), and lower parental awareness of free-time activities (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.87; p=0.005) were associated with higher odds of co-use. Factors not significantly linked to co-use included age group, being in grade 9, always feeling lonely, having no close friends, being bullied outside school, and whether a parent or guardian understood the adolescent’s worries.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the critical need for comprehensive interventions in the Philippines, addressing not only physical inactivity and parental monitoring but also focusing on sex, academic grade, participation in physical education classes, sleep quality, and suicide attempt history, to effectively reduce alcohol and cannabis co-use among adolescents.

Summary

Key Message
This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence and key predictors of alcohol and cannabis co-use among 9263 Filipino adolescents using data from the 2019 Global School-based Student Health Survey. Significant predictors of co-use include male sex, lower academic grade, poor sleep quality, history of attempted suicide, physical inactivity, non-attendance in physical education classes, infrequent parental checks, and low parental awareness of adolescents' activities, with a weighted co-use prevalence of 4.2%. The study underscores the need for comprehensive interventions addressing these factors to reduce substance co-use among Filipino adolescents.

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Prevalence, demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors associated with cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use: evidence from the 2017–2021 Scottish Health Survey
Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Duaa Abdullah Bafail, Oluwatobi Ebenezer Oni
Internal and Emergency Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Validation of the Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale for Vulnerable Communities in Vietnam’s Coastal Regions: Thanh Gia Nguyen, Binh Thang Tran, Minh Tu Nguyen, Dinh Duong Le; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):279-287. Published online April 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.110

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study validated the Vietnamese version of the Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale (DARS) for use in vulnerable communities in Vietnam.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study involving 595 adults from 2 identified communities. The original DARS assessment tool was translated, and the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese version of DARS (V-DARS) were assessed. The internal consistency of the overall scale and its subscales was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega reliability coefficients. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to evaluate its construct validity, building upon the factor structure identified in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Construct validity was assessed based on convergent and discriminant validity.
Results
Following the established criteria for EFA, 8 items were removed, resulting in a refined V-DARS structure comprising 35 items distributed across 5 distinct factors. Both alpha and omega reliability coefficients indicated strong internal consistency for the overall scale (α=0.963, ω=0.963) and for each of the 5 sub-scales (all>0.80). The CFA model also retained the 5-factor structure with 35 items. The model fit indices showed acceptable values (RMSEA: 0.072; CFI: 0.912; TLI: 0.904; chi-square test: <0.01). Additionally, the convergent and discriminant validity of the V-DARS were deemed appropriate and satisfactory for explaining the measurement structure.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the V-DARS is a valid and reliable scale for use within vulnerable communities in Vietnam to assess adaptive responses to natural disasters. It may also be considered for use in other populations.; Summary

Key Message
The current study is one of the few that addresses the need to develop valid and reliable tools for disaster adaptation and resilience, particularly in the poorest and most vulnerable communities affected by natural events. These findings provide evidence supporting the development of community-based interventions for disaster preparedness and response.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Dengue Prevention Among Health Volunteers in an Urban Area – Malang, Indonesia: Alidha Nur Rakhmani, Lilik Zuhriyah; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):176-184. Published online February 21, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.484

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
The dengue prevention program known as “One House One Mosquito Larva Inspector” involves health volunteers who play a crucial role in the surveillance of mosquito larvae and reporting their findings to local public health officials. This study aimed to identify factors related to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dengue prevention behavior among these health volunteers.
Methods
A study was conducted in 5 sub-districts in Malang, an urban area in Indonesia. We employed a cross-sectional design and utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the KAP of 400 health volunteers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews.
Results
Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with a more positive attitude (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; p<0.05) and those with family sizes greater than five persons (OR, 1.90; p<0.05) were more likely to engage in effective dengue prevention practices. Additionally, possesing good knowledge was significantly assocated with more positive attitude (OR, 2.24; p<0.001). Furthermore, 40% reduction in positive attitude was observed in those over 45 years (OR, 0.60; p<0.05). The best practices most frequently reported by the majority of respondents included always reporting their surveillance activities (75.8%) and cleaning the water container in the bathroom at least once a week (65.2%). However, only 52.2% of respondents regularly checked for mosquito larvae in their neighborhood.
Conclusions
Sustainable promotion and training for the “One House One Mosquito Larva Inspector” initiative are necessary, particularly among young health volunteers, to improve dengue prevention behaviors both within their own homes and in the surrounding environment.; Summary

Key Message
The study among health volunteers emphasizes that better knowledge and younger age < 45 were associated with a positive attitude. While a positive attitude and family size > 5 persons were associated with better dengue prevention practices. Therefore, there is a need for sustained promotion and training among health volunteers to enhance the knowledge and attitude that may shape good dengue prevention practices.

Symptoms, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Patients After COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam: Hai Nguyen Thanh, Duc Cap Minh, Hien Hoang Thu, Duc Nguyen Quang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):128-137. Published online February 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.511

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study was conducted to characterize the symptoms, mental health, quality of life (QoL), and associated factors following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 394 participants previously infected with COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Mental health was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Participants self-reported health-related QoL was measured with the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale.
Results
Among the participants, 76.4% reported experiencing at least one symptom following COVID-19 infection. The most common symptoms were fatigue (42.1%), cognitive dysfunction (42.9%), and hair loss (27.9%). According to the DASS-21 results, the proportions of depression, anxiety, and stress were 28.7%, 26.4%, and 20.6%, respectively. The mean scores on the EQ-5D-5L and the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale were 0.94±0.11 and 84.20±13.11, respectively. Regarding QoL issues, the highest proportion of participants (32.7%) reported experiencing anxiety or depression, followed by pain or discomfort (25.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with the presence of symptoms following COVID-19 infection included female (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 4.91) and having QoL issues (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.71 to 6.19).
Conclusions
The study investigated the prevalence rates of various symptoms following COVID-19 infection. These findings underscore the need to prioritize comprehensive care for individuals recovering from COVID-19 and to implement strategies to mitigate the long-term impact of the disease on mental health and QoL.; Summary

Key Message
This cross-sectional study in Vietnam investigated symptoms, mental health, and quality of life among patients recovering from COVID-19. The study found that most participants experienced post-infection symptoms, with fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and hair loss being the most common. Mental health issues were prevalent, and participants reported varying levels of quality of life. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive care and strategies to address the long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life.

Systematic Review

Food is Medicine Initiative for Mitigating Food Insecurity in the United States: Vidya Sharma, Ramaswamy Sharma; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):96-107. Published online March 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.505

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
While several food assistance programs in the United States tackle food insecurity, a relatively new program, “Food is Medicine,” (FIM) initiated in some cities not only addresses food insecurity but also targets chronic diseases by customizing the food delivered to its recipients. This review describes federal programs providing food assistance and evaluates the various sub-programs categorized under the FIM initiative.
Methods
A literature search was conducted from July 7, 2023 to November 9, 2023 using the search term, “Food is Medicine”, to identify articles indexed within three major electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Eligibility criteria for inclusion were: focus on any aspect of the FIM initiative within the United States, and publication as a peer-reviewed journal article in the English language. A total of 180 articles were retrieved; publications outside the eligibility criteria and duplicates were excluded for a final list of 72 publications. Supporting publications related to food insecurity, governmental and organizational websites related to FIM and other programs discussed in this review were also included.
Results
The FIM program includes medically tailored meals, medically tailored groceries, and produce prescriptions. Data suggest that it has lowered food insecurity, promoted better management of health, improved health outcomes, and has, therefore, lowered healthcare costs.
Conclusions
Overall, this umbrella program is having a positive impact on communities that have been offered and participate in this program. Limitations and challenges that need to be overcome to ensure its success are discussed.; Summary

Key Message
In 2023, the United States Department of Health & Human Services (HHS), developed a "Food is Medicine" (FIM) initiative to address food insecurity and chronic diseases by providing healthy food options tailored to recipients' specific health needs. Programs categorized under the FIM initiative include Medically Tailored Meals, Medically Tailored Groceries, and Produce Prescriptions, which are described in this review. Overall, the program appears to have had a positive impact by improving health outcomes and enhancing the overall quality of life.

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