Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

JPMPH : Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

OPEN ACCESS
SEARCH
Search
Advanced Search
mobile menu button

Search

Page Path
HOME > Search
465 "Health"
Filter
Filter
Article category
More +
Keywords
More +
Publication year
More +
Authors
More +
Funded articles
More +
Original Articles
Assessing Hospital Surgical Functions in Korea: A Functional Analysis Using the Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition Essential Surgery List (2013-2022)
Haibin Bai, Jin-Hwan Kim, Yukyung Park
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):635-646.   Published online September 23, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.407
  • 1,350 View
  • 152 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Korea has achieved near-universal health coverage through a predominantly privatized healthcare system. However, this structural fragmentation has created significant ambiguity regarding the roles of different healthcare organizations, particularly in ensuring equitable provision of essential surgical services across geographic and institutional boundaries.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using the full national health insurance claims database provided by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (2013-2022). Essential surgical procedures from the Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition Essential Surgery List were mapped to insurance claims codes, and their provision was analyzed across healthcare facilities and regions. Functional capacity was defined using minimum annual volume thresholds of 12, 24, 60, and 120 procedures.
Results
Essential surgery more than doubled between 2013 and 2022, increasing from 2.79 million to nearly 6 million cases. Superior general hospitals and general hospitals consistently delivered high volumes of essential surgeries, while hospital-level facilities experienced marked functional decline, particularly in obstetric services. We observed increasing centralization of surgical services in higher-tier and metropolitan facilities, alongside selective decentralization for lower-risk procedures such as cataract surgery. Regional disparities were especially pronounced for obstetric care.
Conclusions
Functional capacity for essential surgery remains highly uneven across hospitals and regions, undermining equitable access. Policy efforts should focus on strengthening lower-tier hospitals in underserved areas and implementing minimum functionality standards tailored to local needs. Clarifying institutional roles within Korea’s mixed healthcare system is essential to improving accountability and ensuring equitable distribution of essential surgical services.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 DCP3 Essential Surgery List를 한국의 건강보험 청구자료(2013–2022)에 적용하여 필수수술 제공기관의 기능적 변화를 평가하였다. 전체 필수수술 건수는 크게 증가했음에도 불구하고 이를 제공하는 의료기관 수는 지속적으로 감소하며 지역 간 격차도 확대되고 있었다. 필수수술 접근성을 강화하기 위해서는 우선 의료기관 수준별로 제공해야 할 필수 기능을 명확히 규정하는 정책적 가이드가 필요하며, 이를 기반으로 지역 단위의 종합병원·병원급 기능을 지속적으로 모니터링하고 관리하는 체계를 마련해야 한다.
Key Message
This study applies the DCP3 Essential Surgery List to South Korea’s national health insurance claims data (2013–2022) and shows that, despite a substantial rise in essential surgery volumes, the number of institutions providing these procedures has declined, widening regional disparities. Strengthening access to essential surgery requires first establishing clear guidance on the functions expected at each level of care, followed by systematic monitoring to ensure that general and hospital-level facilities maintain the capacity to deliver these core services. Such a combined approach is critical for securing equitable and regionally sustained surgical access.
From Rich to Poor: A Decomposition Analysis of Socioeconomic Inequality in Health-related Quality of Life in Iran
Satar Rezaei
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):538-547.   Published online August 20, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.383
  • 2,907 View
  • 202 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established predictor of health outcomes across an individual’s lifespan. People from lower socioeconomic backgrounds generally have shorter life expectancies and lower levels of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with those from higher-income groups. This study aimed to quantify income-related inequalities in HRQoL among adults in Iran.
Methods
A total of 3518 adults aged 18 years and older were selected using a convenience sampling method across 9 provinces in Iran. HRQoL was assessed with the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) instrument, which evaluates 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The concentration index (CI) approach was used to measure income-related inequality in worse HRQoL (disutility=1–utility value) and to identify the socioeconomic factors contributing to the observed inequality.
Results
The CI for worse HRQoL was -0.116, while the CI for the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) score was 0.027. The CIs for reporting any problems in the EQ-5D-5L dimensions were: mobility (-0.122), self-care (-0.070), usual activities (-0.074), pain/discomfort (-0.139), and anxiety/depression (-0.139). Decomposition analysis showed that income (38.00%), educational level (31.53%), age (8.05%), and physical activity (7.30%) were the main factors contributing to socioeconomic inequality in poorer HRQoL in Iran.
Conclusions
This study identified a pro-poor distribution of poorer HRQoL and reported problems across all dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L in Iran. Targeted interventions should focus on reducing disparities in income, education, and physical activity levels.
Summary
Key Message
The study of 3518 adults across 9 Iranian provinces revealed significant pro-poor socioeconomic inequality in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with worse HRQoL concentrated among lower-income groups (concentration index: -0.116). Income (38%) and education level (31.53%) were the largest contributors to this inequality, followed by age (8.05%) and physical activity (7.30%) based on decomposition analysis. All five EQ-5D-5L health dimensions showed more reported problems in lower socioeconomic groups, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions addressing income, education, and lifestyle factors to reduce HRQoL disparities in Iran.
Prevalence and Severity of Depression Among Patients With Anemia Attending a Rural Outpatient Clinic in Faridabad, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Prince , Urvashi , Rajat Sharma, Jubair Shamsi, Satya Vir Singh
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):629-634.   Published online August 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.363
  • 1,196 View
  • 197 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study was performed to determine the prevalence and severity of depression among patients previously diagnosed with anemia and to explore associated clinical and socio-demographic factors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to February 2025, among 300 patients with anemia attending the outpatient clinic at the Rural Health Training Centre, Amrita School of Medicine, Faridabad, Haryana. Data on socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Associations of anemia severity with depression presence and severity were analyzed using the chi-square test, logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders.
Results
The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score>9) among patients with anemia was 31.3%. Severe anemia was significantly associated with higher odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 8.07; p=0.027) and more severe depression (aOR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.14 to 7.27; p=0.026). Symptoms such as weakness (aOR, 3.57) and shortness of breath (aOR, 2.71) were also significantly associated with depression. Moderate anemia displayed a non-significant trend.
Conclusions
Severe anemia is independently associated with both the presence and severity of depression. Routine mental health screening should be integrated into anemia management protocols, especially in rural healthcare settings.
Summary
Key Message
Anemia is a common problem in India, whereas there is a growing awareness about mental health issues like depression. This study was conducted at a Rural Health Training Centre in India, to estimate the prevalence and severity of depression among patients with anemia. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 31.3% (PHQ-9 score > 9), and severe anemia was associated with higher odds of depression and more severe depression. Our study indicated a need of routine mental health screening in patients with anemia.
Lifestyle and Psychological Factors Associated With Depression in College Students in Hokkaido, Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Atsushi Mizumoto, Reiya Tsuji, Kotomi Echizen, Yuichi Takata
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):581-588.   Published online July 22, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.186
  • 1,724 View
  • 159 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Although studies have demonstrated a decline in mental health during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the long-term psychological effects remain insufficiently understood. This study conducted a web-based questionnaire survey to identify factors associated with depression among college students in Hokkaido, Japan, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A total of 187 participants who responded to a questionnaire administered in April 2022 were included in this study. The survey evaluated depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and included items on exercise habits, sleep duration, food frequency score (FFS), World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), daily step count, part-time job participation, and involvement in club activities.
Results
The mean CES-D score was 18.2±9.9, with 95 participants (50.8%) exhibiting symptoms of depression. Compared to those in the depression group, participants in the non-depression group were significantly more likely to engage in regular exercise and part-time jobs, as well as higher FFS, WHO-5, and FCV-19S scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that, even after adjusting for confounding variables, the WHO-5 score, FCV-19S score, and participation in part-time jobs remained significantly associated with depression scores.
Conclusions
Almost half of the participants showed symptoms of depression. These symptoms were associated with poor exercise habits and lack of part-time employment, among other factors. Among college students who had experienced more than 2 years of the pandemic, engaging in part-time work may have reduced social isolation and helped lower the risk of depression.
Summary
Key Message
This study conducted a web-based survey to identify factors associated with depression among college students in Hokkaido during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with students in the depression group, those without depression were more likely to engage in regular exercise and part-time jobs and had higher FFS, WHO-5, and FCV-19S scores. Logistic regression showed that WHO-5, FCV-19S, and participation in part-time jobs remained significantly associated with depression after adjustment. Among students who had experienced more than two years of the pandemic, part-time employment may have reduced social isolation and lowered the risk of depression.
Association Between Disability and Participation in Sports or Physical Activities: Evidence From a Chilean Population-based Survey
Renzo Gianmarco Avila-Terrones, Leslie Paulina Quiroga-Morales, J. Jhonnel Alarco
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):599-608.   Published online July 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.249
  • 1,588 View
  • 140 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the association between disability and participation in sports or physical activity during the past month among individuals in Chile.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Second National Disability Study (ENDISC II) of Chile. The dependent variable was defined as participation in sports or physical activity in the last month, while the independent variable was disability status, as determined by the ENDISC II methodology. Crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
The analysis included data from 12 236 Chilean participants. Individuals with mild or moderate disability were 54% more likely to participate in lower levels of sports or physical activity (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.87). Those with severe disability exhibited a 73% increased likelihood (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.52) compared to individuals without disabilities, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors.
Conclusions
In Chile, individuals with disabilities participated less frequently in sports or physical activity during the past month than those without disabilities.
Summary
Key Message
This study analyzed national data from Chile to examine the relationship between disability and participation in sports or physical activity. Individuals with disabilities, particularly those with severe limitations, were significantly less likely to engage in physical activity than those without disabilities, even after adjusting for multiple confounders. These findings highlight a critical public health gap and underscore the need for inclusive and accessible physical activity strategies to reduce inequalities.
Perspective
Towards Mental Health Equity: Task Shifting Strategy to Overcome Barriers in Primary Healthcare Services in India
Suganya Panneerselvam, Senthilkumar Ramasamy, Sanjana Agrawal
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):548-551.   Published online June 13, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.144
  • 1,793 View
  • 274 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Mental illness remains among the top 10 causes of the global burden of disease. According to the National Mental Health Survey of India, 10.6% of adults exhibit mental disorders. India ideally requires 3 psychiatrists per 100 000 population, yet the current ratio is only 0.7 per 100 000. The country thus faces an urgent need to strengthen mental health infrastructure and expand training programs. Vulnerable groups—particularly residents of rural and remote areas, women, and older adults—are disproportionately affected by this situation. Individuals with mental illness often suffer in silence, enduring human rights violations, stigma, and discrimination. India’s National Mental Health Programme seeks to ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental health care for all, with a focus on the most vulnerable and underserved populations. The World Health Organization recommends task shifting or task sharing to improve access and deliver healthcare services in remote areas. Community Health Officers (CHOs) and Accredited Social Health Activists use community-based assessment checklists to identify individuals at risk of communicable, non-communicable, and mental health disorders. CHOs then ensure continuity of care through regular follow-up, bridging the gap between diagnosis and ongoing treatment. This practice significantly augments the effectiveness of community-level mental health interventions. Integrating mental health into primary health care should facilitate earlier detection and treatment of mental health disorders.
Summary
Key Message
Mental illness remains among the top 10 causes of the global burden of disease. Stigma associated with these disorders exacerbates the problem, leading to social discrimination. The Ayushman Bharat initiative is a transformative step towards strengthening India’s healthcare system. CHOs and ASHAs use community-based assessment checklists to identify individuals at risk of communicable, non-communicable, and mental health disorders within their communities. This task-shifting approach empowers local communities and fosters participation, reducing disease burden and offering a sustainable, effective model.
Original Articles
Asthma Exacerbation in Indonesia: Analysis of Mental, Socio-demographic, Behavioral, and Biological Risk Factors Using the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research
Siti Isfandari, Sulistyowati Tuminah, Laurentia Konadi Miharja
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):250-259.   Published online May 16, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.719
  • 5,175 View
  • 453 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Asthma represents a significant global health burden, with exacerbations impacting quality of life. Although risk factors for asthma exacerbation (AE) have been identified, data specific to Indonesia remain scarce. We investigated risk factors for AE among Indonesian adolescents and adults.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of the 2018 National Health Survey was conducted, including Indonesian participants aged 15 and older with diagnosed asthma. Logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors for AE.
Results
A total respondents aged 15 years or older were 706 689 participants. The prevalence of asthma was 2.6% (18 574 participants). Among individuals with asthma, 59.7% experienced exacerbation, and 21.4% reported symptoms indicating emotional distress (ED). Both ED and diagnosed heart disease (DHD) were linked to increased odds of AE, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.37) and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.38), respectively. Being diagnosed with asthma at age 15 or older was associated with an aOR of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.45 to 1.66). Those with lower socioeconomic status (SES) also faced comparatively high risk (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.52). In contrast, physical activity was inversely related to AE (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81).
Conclusions
ED, DHD, lower SES, and later-onset asthma were identified as significant risk factors for AE. This underscores the need for comprehensive asthma management strategies that prioritize mental health, cardiovascular health, and early intervention. Addressing these factors could substantially reduce the burden of AE in Indonesia. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate the causal relationships involved and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions.
Summary
Key Message
Asthma represents a significant global health burden, with exacerbation impacting individual quality of life. Emotional distress, diagnosed heart disease, asthma diagnosis after the age of 15 years, and lower socioeconomic status were associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbation, while physical activity was not. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing mental health comorbidities, encouraging physical activity, and considering socioeconomic disparities when developing asthma management strategies. Educating patients about asthma and its triggers can reduce exacerbations and improve disease control. Since asthma severity differs across individuals and age groups, clinicians must regularly monitor patients and adjust treatment as needed.
Are Non-standard Work Schedules Related to Sleep Difficulty and Health-related Quality of Life in Korea? An Examination of Gender Differences
Seowoo Park, Ji Sun Park, Moo Hyuk Lee, Young Kyung Do
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):396-405.   Published online April 15, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.378
  • 44,370 View
  • 275 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
The rise of flexible and diverse work schedules has become increasingly common in modern society. This study aims to investigate whether non-standard work schedules are related to sleep difficulty and other aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Korea, with special attention to gender differences.
Methods
Data from the 2019 and 2021 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Phase 8) were used, with a final sample consisting of 6735 participants. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed on sleep difficulty and the other seven items of the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 items (HINT-8) to examine associations with work schedules. Linear regression analysis was also conducted using the HINT-8 index as a composite measure.
Results
Non-standard work schedules were associated with a higher likelihood of sleep disturbances compared to the standard daytime work schedule. In particular, the negative impact of the night work schedule on sleep was greater for women than for men. Women working under the night work schedule were 12.2 percentage points more likely to report severe sleep difficulty than women under the day work schedule (9.6%). Additionally, the working, happiness, and vitality items of the HINT-8 were negatively associated with the night work schedule, whereas the other HINT-8 items and the HINT-8 index did not exhibit similar results.
Conclusions
Non-standard work schedules are associated with increased sleep difficulty, particularly among women, and negatively affect several aspects of HRQoL, including vitality, happiness, and work performance. Given their rising prevalence and adverse impact on workers’ sleep, health, well-being, as well as workplace safety and performance, non-standard work schedules should be recognized as a significant public health concern.
Summary
Korean summary
저녁 및 밤 시간대 근무는 수면을 포함한 건강 관련 삶의 질에 부정적 영향을 끼치며, 그 영향은 여성에서 더 크게 나타난다. 비표준시간대 근무는 중요한 공중보건학적 문제이다.
Key Message
Non-standard work schedules are associated with increased sleep difficulty, particularly among women, and negatively affect several aspects of health-related quality of life, including vitality, happiness, and work performance. Given their rising prevalence and adverse impact on workers’ sleep, health, well-being, as well as workplace safety and performance, non-standard work schedules should be recognized as a significant public health concern.
Prognostic Scoring Model for the Transition From Acute to Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain in Primary Health Care Units in Indonesia
Djoko Kuswanto, Riva Satya Radiansyah, Dwinka Syafira Eljatin, Muhammad Nazhif Haykal, Rumman Karimah, Ratri Dwi Indriani, Zain Budi Syulthoni, Erna Furaidah, Andiva Satrio Rinaldi, Hafira Nushifa Putri, Jessica Felina Adi, Anak Agung Bagus Wirayuda
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):422-430.   Published online April 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.581
  • 4,091 View
  • 303 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is a prevalent health issue that can progress from acute to chronic, resulting in prolonged disability and diminished quality of life. This study aimed to develop a prognostic scoring model to predict the transition from acute to chronic NSLBP in primary care settings.
Methods
This prospective cohort study enrolled 112 adults with acute NSLBP from primary health care units in Indonesia. Participants were assessed at baseline and at a 3-month follow-up visit. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of chronicity. A scoring system was then developed based on the final logistic regression model.
Results
Three factors were found to be significant predictors of the transition to chronic NSLBP: age above 30 years, low education level, and moderate to severe pain intensity. The prognostic scoring model demonstrated good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.705, 70.8% sensitivity, and 62.5% specificity at the optimal cut-off score of 2.5.
Conclusions
This simple prognostic scoring model can help clinicians identify patients at high-risk of developing chronic NSLBP. Early identification of at-risk patients could guide targeted interventions to prevent chronicity. Further validation in diverse populations is necessary to confirm the broader applicability of this model.
Summary
Key Message
This prospective cohort study developed a prognostic scoring model to predict the transition from acute to chronic non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) in primary care settings in Indonesia. The study identified three significant predictors: age above 30 years, low education level, and moderate to severe pain intensity, which formed a simple scoring system with good discrimination ability (AUC = 0.705, sensitivity 70.8%, specificity 62.5%). This practical tool enables clinicians to identify high-risk patients early and implement targeted interventions to prevent chronicity in primary healthcare settings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Role of Dexketoprofen/Tramadol in Multimodal Therapy to Prevent Acute Postsurgical and Acute Low Back Pain from Developing into Chronic Pain: A Delphi Consensus Study
    Giustino Varrassi, Maria Dolma Gudez-Santos, Magdi Hanna, Magdalena Kocot-Kępska, Antonio Montero Matamala, Marco Antonio Narvaez Tamayo, Serge Perrot, Jose Luis Aguilar, Omar Al Hamad, Lu’i Al-Husinat, Raad Al-Khafaji, Abdallah Allam, Ezio Amorizzo, Nadi
    Pain and Therapy.2026; 15(1): 175.     CrossRef
Who Dies Alone? Demographics, Underlying Diseases, and Healthcare Utilization Patterns of Lonely Death Individuals in Korea
Haibin Bai, Jae-ryun Lee, Min Jung Kang, Young-Ho Jun, Hye Yeon Koo, Jieun Yun, Jee Hoon Sohn, Jin Yong Lee, Hyejin Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):218-226.   Published online March 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.704
  • 12,322 View
  • 405 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Lonely death is defined as “a person living in a state of social isolation, disconnected from family, relatives, and others, who dies from suicide, illness, or other causes”. This study investigated the characteristics of individuals who die alone in Korea.
Methods
We constructed a database of lonely death cases by linking data from the Korea Crime Scene Investigation Unit of the Korea National Police Agency with National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) records. A descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate the demographics, underlying diseases, and healthcare utilization patterns among lonely death cases.
Results
Among the 3122 individuals identified as lonely death cases, 2621 (84.0%) were male and 501 (16.0%) were female. The most common age group was 50-59 years (n=930, 29.8%). The NHIS covered 2161 individuals (69.2%), whereas 961 individuals (30.8%) were enrolled in Medical Aid (MA). The highest number of lonely deaths occurred in Seoul areas, with 1468 cases (47.0%). Mood disorders were diagnosed in 1020 individuals (32.7%), and various alcohol-related diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, were also observed. Outpatient visits increased leading up to death but declined in the final 3 months, while hospitalizations decreased and emergency room visits slightly increased.
Conclusions
Most lonely death cases involved male in their 50s, with a disproportionately high number of MA beneficiaries compared to the general population. Many of these individuals also experienced mental health issues or alcohol-related disorders. Preventing social isolation and strengthening social safety nets are critical to reducing the occurrence of lonely deaths.
Summary
Korean summary
한국에서 고독사란 법적으로 “가족, 친척 등 주변 사람들과 단절된 채 사회적 고립상태로 생활하던 사람이 자살ㆍ병사 등으로 임종”하는 것으로 정의하고 있다. 고독사 사망자는 대체적으로 50대 남성이었고, 의료급여 수급권자의 비율이 일반 인구보다 월등히 높았으며, 사망자 대다수는 정신건강 문제 또는 알코올성 질환을 앓고 있었다. 사회적 고립의 예방 및 사회안전망 구축은 고독사 예방에 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 보인다.
Key Message
Lonely death is defined as “a person living in a state of social isolation, disconnected from family, relatives, and others, who dies from suicide, illness, or other causes”. This study investigated the characteristics of individuals who die alone in Korea. Most lonely death cases involved male in their 50s, with a disproportionately high number of MA beneficiaries compared to the general population. Many of these individuals also experienced mental health issues or alcohol-related disorders. Preventing social isolation and strengthening social safety nets are critical to reducing the occurrence of lonely deaths.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Understanding of solitary death in people living in the community: A scoping review
    Chung Min Cho, Hyeun Jun Moon, Jee-Hye Yoo
    Global Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
The Role of Time Preferences in Compliance With COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Iran: A Quasi-hyperbolic Discounting Approach
Moslem Soofi, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Shahin Soltani, Zahra Alipoor, Behzad Karamimatin
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):326-335.   Published online February 13, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.453
  • 3,095 View
  • 281 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the role of time preferences in compliance with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive behaviors in an adult population of Iran.
Methods
A web-based questionnaire was utilized to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 672 Iranian adults. The parameters of time preferences were estimated using a quasi-hyperbolic discounting model, and the relationship between COVID-19 preventive behaviors and time preferences was examined using a probit regression model.
Results
A significant association was observed between the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 and the levels of patience and present-biased preferences among the study participants. Individuals who exhibited low levels of patience were found to be 12.8 percentage points less inclined to follow preventive behaviors compared to those with high levels of patience. The likelihood of having good preventive behaviors of COVID-19 was found to decrease by 14.3 percentage points among individuals with a present bias as opposed to those with a bias toward future.
Conclusions
Patience and present-biased preferences are important determinants of adopting preventive behaviors against COVID-19. These behavioral characteristics should be considered in the design of control and prevention programs. Considering people’s discounting behavior and time (in)consistency in their preferences in the design of COVID-19 policy interventions can provide valuable insights for developing tailored public health policy interventions.
Summary
Key Message
This study explored how time preferences—patience and present bias—affect compliance with COVID-19 preventive behaviors among Iranian adults. Using a web-based survey and quasi-hyperbolic discounting model, it found that those with low patience or present-biased preferences were less likely to follow preventive measures than those with high patience or future-oriented preferences. The findings highlight the need to consider time preferences in designing effective public health interventions to improve adherence to preventive measures.
Association Between Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Older Adults
Kyu-Taek Lim, Ji-won Choe, Seung-sik Hwang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):103-112.   Published online January 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.569
  • 5,030 View
  • 544 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study examined the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), as assessed by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among Korean older adults.
Methods
Data from 5413 participants in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed. GOHAI scores were categorized as either “poor” (<40) or “not poor” (≥40). Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the relationship between GOHAI scores and CVD prevalence, with analyses stratified by sex.
Results
Poor GOHAI score was significantly associated with elevated odds of CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.19; p<0.001). This association was stronger in female (OR, 1.36) compared to male (OR, 1.12). Poor oral health is indicative of systemic inflammation and age-related vulnerabilities, underscoring the utility of the GOHAI as an instrument for early identification of CVD risk.
Conclusions
Poor oral health, as measured by the GOHAI, is associated with an increased risk of CVD among older adults, especially female. These findings support the use of the GOHAI as a cost-effective screening tool for the early assessment of CVD risk. Further research is warranted to explore inflammatory biomarkers and sex-specific mechanisms that could inform targeted interventions.
Summary
Korean summary
노년층에서 구강건강 관련 삶의 질(OHRQoL)이 낮을수록 심혈관계 질환(CVD) 위험이 높아지며, 특히 여성에서 더 두드러졌습니다. 본 연구는 노년 구강 건강 평가 지수(GOHAI)를 사용했습니다.
Key Message
Poor GOHAI scores are associated with higher CVD risk, with stronger effects in females. This highlights the potential of GOHAI as an effective tool for early detection and prevention of CVD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Assessment of oral health-related quality of life and its association with periodontal status in geriatric patients
    Seval Ceylan Şen, Özlem Saraç Atagün, Gülbahar Ustaoğlu, Zeynep Hazan Yildiz
    BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index Based on Oral Health-Related Behaviors and Status of Older Adults in Gangneung-si
    Jin-Sun Choi, Hye-Rim Jeon, Soo-Myoung Bae, Sun-Jung Shin, Bo-Mi Shin, Hye-Young Yoon, Hyo-Jin Lee
    Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2025; 25(4): 360.     CrossRef
Associations Between Multiple Falls and Mental Health Indices in Korean Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Chaelyn Lim, Hyun-Jin Son, Byung-Gwon Kim, Byeng-Chul Yu, Jiwon Kim, Young-Seoub Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):269-277.   Published online January 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.482
  • 5,789 View
  • 412 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of falls, mental health issues, and health behaviors among older adults, as well as to analyze the association between multiple falls and mental health status in this population.
Methods
We utilized data from the 2017, 2019, and 2021 Korean Community Health Survey, a nationwide survey organized by region and conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Participants were categorized into no-fall, single-fall, and multiple fall groups based on responses to an index question regarding fall experiences and the number of such incidents reported in the survey. The chi-square test was applied to understand the characteristics of the elderly population in the community. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to clarify the association between falls and mental health.
Results
Integrated data analysis revealed that 11.3% of participants experienced a single fall, while 5.7% reported multiple falls. Participants from low-education and low-income backgrounds exhibited relatively high rates of falls. Additionally, non-drinkers and non-smokers reported falls more frequently than their counterparts who consumed alcohol and smoked. Multinomial logistic regression revealed significant associations between multiple falls and mental health factors. In particular, the severity of depression was directly proportional to the likelihood of experiencing multiple falls, with an odds ratio of 2.95 (95% confidence interval, 2.49 to 3.50).
Conclusions
We identified associations between various mental health-related factors—including sleep duration, subjective stress, the presence of depression, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score—and the occurrence of multiple falls.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국의 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 낙상 경험과 정신건강 지표 간의 연관성을 분석한 단면 연구이다. 다회 낙상은 수면 시간, 주관적 스트레스, 우울감, PHQ-9 점수 등 다양한 정신건강 요인과 유의한 관련이 있었으며, 특히 우울증이 심할수록 낙상 발생 위험이 높아지는 경향을 보였다.
Key Message
Multiple falls among Korean older adults were significantly associated with mental health-related factors, including sleep duration, subjective stress, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions targeting both physical and mental health to prevent recurrent falls in the elderly.
Multi-group Causal Model of Mental Health Literacy and Helping Behavior Toward People at Risk of Depression Among Thai and Vietnamese Health Science Students
Anchalee Jansem, Ungsinun Intarakamhang, Charin Suwanwong, Krittipat Chuenphitthayavut, Sudarat Tuntivivat, Khuong Le, Le Thi Mai Lien, Pitchada Prasittichok
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):241-249.   Published online January 13, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.449
  • 5,184 View
  • 485 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Depression affects 23.3% of Thai and 15.2% of Vietnamese health science students, rates that exceed the global average of 4.4%. This study compared the causal models of mental health literacy and helping behavior toward individuals at risk of depression between these 2 groups.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to October 2023 and included 422 students from Thailand and Vietnam, who were studying medicine, nursing, psychology, and physical therapy. Stratified random sampling was used to select 211 students from each country. Data collection was performed using a Likert scale, which showed total-item correlations ranging from 0.24 to 0.83 and Cronbach’s alpha values between 0.74 and 0.86. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model.
Results
The causal models were consistent with the empirical data. The helping behavior of students toward peers at risk of depression was significantly influenced by their mental health literacy (effect size [ES], 0.91). This influence was also mediated indirectly by self-efficacy (ES, 0.18), positive attitudes (ES, 0.29), and social support (ES, 0.77). Collectively, these factors accounted for 83% of the variance in helping behavior. Social support had a more pronounced effect on mental health literacy among Vietnamese students than among their Thai counterparts (ES, 0.46 vs. 0.27, p<0.05). Conversely, positive attitudes had a stronger influence among Thai students than among Vietnamese students (ES, 0.17 vs. 0.01, p<0.05).
Conclusions
The causal models of helping behavior among Thai and Vietnamese health science students exhibited no significant differences. However, improving mental health literacy is crucial, as it significantly impacts helping behavior.
Summary
Key Message
This study compared causal models of mental health literacy (MHL) and helping behavior toward people at risk of depression between Thai and Vietnamese health science students. Findings indicated that MHL significantly impacted helping behavior (effect size [ES], 0.91), mediated indirectly by self-efficacy (ES, 0.18), positive attitudes (ES, 0.29), and social support (ES, 0.77), with no significant differences in the overall causal models between groups. However, variations in effects were noted, such as social support having a more pronounced effect on MHL among Vietnamese students than their Thai counterparts (ES, 0.46 vs. 0.27), while positive attitudes had a stronger influence among Thai students (ES, 0.17) than Vietnamese (ES, 0.01).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Relationship between extraversion and mental health literacy in Chinese adolescents: a chain mediation model
    Zhanfang Liu, Fangru Yuan, Jianzheng Du
    Frontiers in Psychology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Health and Mental Well-Being of Academic Staff and Students in Thailand: Validation and Model Development
    Ungsinun Intarakamhang, Cholvit Jearajit, Hanvedes Daovisan, Phoobade Wanitchanon, Saichol Panyachit, Kanchana Pattrawiwat
    Education Sciences.2025; 15(10): 1310.     CrossRef
The Relationship Between Park Access and Quality and Various Health Metrics in a Metropolitan Area in South Carolina Using the CDC PLACES Dataset
Jenna Pellizzari, Farnaz Hesam Shariati, Andrew T. Kaczynski
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):208-217.   Published online December 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.325
  • 3,185 View
  • 395 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Limited access to high-quality green spaces could contribute to growing rates of chronic diseases and unhealthy behaviors. Public parks provide numerous benefits for population well-being. However, past research has shown mixed results regarding the association between proximal parks and residents’ physical and mental health. This study examined the relationship between diverse elements of park access and quality and multiple health outcomes.
Methods
Seventy-three unique parks within 70 census tracts in 4 cities in South Carolina were analyzed. Data about 7 aspects of park quality (transportation access, facility availability, facility quality, amenity availability, park aesthetics, park quality concerns, neighborhood quality concerns) were collected via on-site observations using the Community Park Audit Tool. Health data for each tract (obesity, no leisure time physical activity, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, depression, poor mental health) were collected from the CDC PLACES dataset. Linear regression analyses examined the association between 10 park access and quality metrics and 8 health metrics, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics.
Results
All associations were in the unexpected direction except 1 relationship involving mental health. Specifically, positive associations were found between the number of parks and obesity, the number of parks and no leisure time physical activity, transportation access and obesity, and transportation access and high blood pressure. As concerns about neighborhood quality increased, poor mental health status worsened.
Conclusions
This study provides valuable information for public health professionals and researchers. Further research is needed to expand on and elucidate these findings.
Summary
Key Message
Parks can be key components of healthy communities, but more research is needed about how park availability and characteristics affect health. This study examined the relationship between diverse elements of park access and quality and multiple physical and mental health outcomes. The results were largely mixed, with some positive and some negative relationships; these findings can be expanded upon with further study.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • More Parks Are Linked to Lower Tract-Level Mental Distress in Less-Walkable Neighborhoods: A South Carolina Analysis
    Farnaz Hesam Shariati, Jennifer Fillo, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Andrew T. Kaczynski
    Ecopsychology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Predictors of Quality of Life Among Older Residents in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia: An Approach Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
Dwi Rosella Komalasari, Chutima Jalayondeja, Wattana Jalayondeja, Yusuf Alam Romadon
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):199-207.   Published online November 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.423
  • 5,214 View
  • 477 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding health and quality of life (QoL) in older adults in both rural and urban settings, each presenting unique advantages and challenges. This study aimed to explore the relationship between factors based on the ICF model and QoL among older residents of these areas.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 286 older adults aged 60 years or older from rural and urban areas of Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The WHOQoL-BREF was utilized to assess QoL. The co-factors included personal factors, impairments, and activity limitations.
Results
Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that cardiovascular endurance was the strongest significant factor associated with QoL in rural areas (B=0.027, standard error [SE]=0.013, p=0.050). In urban areas, gender emerged as the most significant factor influencing QoL (B=-13.447, SE=2.360, p<0.001), followed by hemoglobin level (B=-1.842, SE=0.744, p=0.015), age (B=-0.822, SE=0.217, p<0.001), and cognitive function (B=0.396, SE=0.162, p=0.016).
Conclusions
Efforts to improve QoL for older adults in rural areas should focus on enhance physical performance through exercise. In urban areas, the maintenance of QoL is influenced by personal factors. It is crucial to address physical performance through exercise to enhance QoL in rural settings. Meanwhile, focusing on mental health, financial security, and social connections is recommended to improve QoL for older adults in urban areas.
Summary
Key Message
The ICF model offers a comprehensive framework to assess health and QoL in older adults living in rural and urban areas. Both areas highlight the distinct advantages and challenges unique. Cardiovascular endurance is a vital factor in determining the QoL for older adults in rural areas, while hemoglobin levels, age, and cognition shape the well-being of those in urban environments.
The Impact of Student-led Community Health Screenings on Clients’ Health Knowledge and Outcomes: A Qualitative Study in New Zealand
JiaRong Yap, Wendy Wenming Zhai, Cindy Seunghee Pak, Sharon Brownie
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):167-176.   Published online November 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.366
  • 3,000 View
  • 413 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study investigated the impact of community health screenings (CHS) on the Asian community, focussing on the role of a student-led health and wellness centre in promoting and improving health outcomes. The CHS is a collaboration between Te Kotahi Oranga | Health and Wellness Centre and The Asian Network Incorporated, offering free health screenings to Asian migrants in the Waikato region, New Zealand.
Methods
Employing a qualitative approach, we interviewed clients who participated in the CHS to determine their perceptions regarding the effectiveness of the programme, its influence on their health knowledge and actions, and their overall satisfaction with the service. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used to report the study.
Results
Data analysis utilising reflexive thematic analysis yielded 5 themes: satisfaction and appreciation for the free health screening; strengthened commitment to better personal health; barriers and challenges in accessing public healthcare services; improved knowledge and awareness of health risks; and provision of more health screening tests and health seminars. The findings highlight the significance of culturally tailored health initiatives in addressing healthcare disparities, emphasising the need for innovative strategies to ensure continuity of care and support for underserved populations.
Conclusions
This research contributes to the understanding of how student-led health interventions can enhance public health efforts and improve health outcomes in Asian and migrant communities.
Summary
Key Message
This study explores the impact of a student-led community health screening (CHS) programme on Asian migrants in New Zealand, focusing on its effects on health knowledge and outcomes. Through qualitative interviews, five key themes emerged: participant satisfaction, commitment to personal health, barriers to healthcare access, increased awareness of health risks, and the need for expanded screening services. The findings underscore the value of culturally tailored health initiatives in reducing healthcare disparities and highlight the role of student-led interventions in enhancing preventative care and promoting health equity in underserved populations.
Health Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure Among E-waste Workers and Community-dwelling Adults in Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study
Chonyitree Sangwijit, Parichat Ong-artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Kraiwuth Kallawicha, Pallop Siewchaisakul
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):156-166.   Published online November 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.415
  • 6,066 View
  • 542 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Global concern is increasing about the health effects of electronic waste (e-waste). This study examines the health impacts of heavy metal (HM) exposure among e-waste workers (EWWs) and community-dwelling adults (CDAs) in Northeastern Thailand and identifies factors associated with adverse health outcomes.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted of 164 EWWs and 164 CDAs. A survey was employed to collect data on participant characteristics, symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Urine samples were analyzed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors impacting health.
Results
Across all participants, urinary Pb and Cd levels ranged from 5.30 µg/g to 29.50 µg/g creatinine and from 0.60 µg/g to 4.00 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The most frequently reported health issues pertained to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at 38.70%, central nervous system (CNS) issues at 36.60%, and skin disorders at 31.10%. Multivariable analysis indicated that the presence of MSDs was significantly associated with exposure to Pb and Cd. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) was significantly linked to CNS problems, while body mass index was significantly related to skin disorders. Factors including primary education level or below, smoking, cleaning the house more than 3 times weekly, and PSQ were significantly linked to depression. Anxiety was significantly associated with PSQ.
Conclusions
Environmental exposure to Pb and Cd can have adverse health impacts in the form of MSDs. Depression and anxiety are common conditions among CDAs. Public health officials should monitor HM exposure and mental health within the community.
Summary
Key Message
- Pb and Cd level was not significant difference between e-waste workers and community-dwelling adults. - Pb and Cd can adversely affect symptoms in the MSD and PSQ affects the CNS in e-waste workers. - E-waste workers had a higher chance of having musculoskeletal disorder, central nervous system disorder, and skin disorder problems than community-dwelling adults but a lower chance of having depression and anxiety than community-dwelling adults.
Church Leaders’ Health Behaviors and Program Implementation in the Faith, Activity, and Nutrition Program in the United States
Kelsey R. Day, Sara Wilcox, Lindsay Decker, John Bernhart, Meghan Baruth, Andrew T. Kaczynski, Christine A. Pellegrini
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):146-155.   Published online November 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.384
  • 3,497 View
  • 377 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Church leaders are important to the success of faith-based health promotion interventions through the role modeling of health behaviors. However, clergy may be at a higher risk of chronic disease than their congregants and their health is understudied. This study examined church leaders’ health-related behaviors, differences in health behaviors by socio-demographic characteristics, and associations between health behaviors and church-level implementation of an ecological intervention.
Methods
Pastors (n=93) and church coordinators (n=92) reported body mass index (BMI), self-rated health, fruit and vegetable consumption (F&V), and physical activity (PA) at baseline and 12 months post-training in the intervention. Church coordinators reported program implementation for their church. Socio-demographic differences and associations between changes in health behaviors and program implementation were tested with regression models. Changes in health-related variables were examined using paired t-tests and McNemar’s test.
Results
Pastors (40.9% women, 41.9% Black/African American) had a mean BMI of 30.0 kg/m2; 23.7% met F&V guidelines and 45.2% met PA guidelines. Black/African American pastors were less likely to meet F&V guidelines and had lower self-rated health than their counterparts. Pastor PA improved over time, but pastor health behaviors were not associated with program implementation. Church coordinators’ (94.6% women, 39.1% Black/African American) mean BMI was 27.8 kg/m2; 27.2% met F&V guidelines and 62.0% met PA guidelines. Black/African American church coordinators had higher BMIs and lower self-rated health than their counterparts. Church coordinator F&V intake improved over time; self-rated health was positively associated with PA program implementation.
Conclusions
This study underscores the need for preventive interventions for church leaders.
Summary
Key Message
This study explored the health behaviors of church leaders, including differences by socio-demographics and changes in church leader health behaviors during the 12-month implementation of a faith-based physical activity and dietary intervention. Most Pastors did not meet fruit and vegetable (F&V) or physical activity (PA) guidelines. Pastor PA improved over time but was unrelated to program implementation. Most church coordinators did not meet F&V guidelines while over half met PA guidelines. Coordinators’ F&V intake improved, over time, and their self-rated health correlated with program implementation. This study underscores the need for preventive interventions for church leaders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Faith-Integrated Education and Rabies Prevention Behaviors among Dog-Owning Households: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study in Indonesia
    Maria Kornelia Ringgi Kuwa, Marianus Oktavianus Wega, Maria Sofia Anita Aga
    International Journal of Health Concord.2025; 1(2): 99.     CrossRef
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Influenza Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Laila M. Almutairi, Mona A. Almusawi, Abeer M. Albalawi, Musallam Y. Abu Hassan, Adel F. Alotaibi, Tariq M. Almutairi, Randah M. Alalweet, Abdullah M. Asiri
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(6):586-594.   Published online November 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.283
  • 8,829 View
  • 290 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Influenza vaccination is important for healthcare workers in order to prevent both the illness itself and transmission to patients. Previous studies in Saudi Arabia have revealed low influenza vaccine coverage among healthcare workers due to misconceptions. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding influenza vaccination among healthcare workers during 2021, addressing the current data gap.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 1273 healthcare workers from the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to participants via email.
Results
Most participants had an appropriate extent of knowledge, with 37.1% having a high level and 26.6% having a moderate level. Positive attitudes toward the influenza vaccine were observed in 41.2% of participants, and 80.2% demonstrated good vaccine practices. However, the vaccine coverage was 50.8% in the past 12 months. Factors associated with vaccine uptake included previous vaccination, workplace availability, awareness of guidelines, engagement in training programs, type of workplace settings, and having positive attitudes toward the vaccine. The most common reason for not getting vaccinated was the perception of being at low risk, making vaccination unnecessary.
Conclusions
Participants exhibited positive knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding influenza vaccination. However, the observed vaccine uptake rate fell below the recommended coverage rate, indicating the presence of a knowledge-behavior gap. Targeted interventions are recommended to improve vaccination uptake among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia.
Summary
Key Message
This study assesses knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding influenza vaccination among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia, and reveals that most participants had an appropriate extent of knowledge, positive attitudes toward the influenza vaccine, and good vaccine practices. However, the vaccine uptake rate was below the desired coverage target, indicating a knowledge-behavior gap. Our findings suggest implementing interventions that enhance accessibility, provide workplace support, conduct awareness campaigns, and tackle barriers impeding vaccination, to improve uptake rates among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Assessing the Determinants of Influenza Vaccine Uptake in Malaysia: Strategies to Improve Public Health and Service Delivery
    Prebha Manickam, Tina Varghese, Suwarna Senthilvasan, Rubithra Ramesh, Suveitra Balanei Balasubramaniam
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Necessity of Analyzing the Korea Community Health Survey Using 7 Local Government Types
Seowoo Park, Haibin Bai, Jae-ryun Lee, Soomin Kim, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):83-91.   Published online November 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.388
  • 7,835 View
  • 460 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study examined the potential of a new analytical framework for the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) with classification criteria for the sub-national governmental level, the degree of urbanization including an urban-rural multimodal category, and population size as a more effective tool to address local health problems and deduce practical implications.
Methods
Retrospective survey data from 2023 KCHS were obtained. Frequency analyses were performed for self-rated good health status, current smoking status, and unmet medical needs as proxies for health status, as well as health behavior and healthcare utilization, utilizing individual weights to represent national community residents.
Results
We established a new classification of local governments into 7 types to facilitate regional comparisons. These local government types are presumably composed of populations showing statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics. There were evident differences in health status, health behavior, and healthcare utilization in comparisons of groups categorized by local government types.
Conclusions
This study suggests that regional disparities can be analyzed using a new typology of local governments. This practically effective approach could be used in decision-making for community-centered health projects in terms of community health planning. Future research should conduct analyses of KCHS data that use these 7 local government types to comprehensively reflect regional characteristics.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 지방자치단체 층위와 도·농복합시를 포함한 도시화 정도, 인구 규모를 고려한 분류 기준을 사용하여 지역사회건강조사(KCHS)에 대한 새로운 분석틀의 가능성을 검토한다. 기초 지방자치단체 7가지 유형으로 분류했을 때, 연구 대상자 집단은 인구 통계학적 특성에 대해 유의미하게 달랐으며 건강 상태, 건강 행태 및 의료 이용에 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 이 연구는 지역보건의료계획 측면에서 지역사회 중심 건강증진사업에 대한 의사 결정에 실질적으로 효과적인 접근 방법이 될 수 있는 기초 지방자치단체의 새로운 유형을 제안한다.
Key Message
This study examines the potential of a new analytical framework for the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) with classification criteria for the sub-national governmental level, the degree of urbanization including an urban-rural multimodal category, and population size. In comparisons of groups categorized by 7 local government types, populations were significantly different considering demographic characteristics and there were evident differences in health status, health behavior, and healthcare utilization. This study suggests a new typology of local governments which could be a practically effective approach in decision-making for community-centered health projects in terms of community health planning.
Institutional Delivery in the Philippines: Does a Minimum of 8 Antenatal Care Visits Matter?
Felly Philipus Senewe, Agung Dwi Laksono, Roy Glenn Albert Massie, Leny Latifah, Syarifah Nuraini, Rozana Ika Agustiya, Jane Kartika Propiana, Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):44-51.   Published online October 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.245
  • 18,143 View
  • 657 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This cross-sectional study investigated the association between the utilization of 8 antenatal care (ANC) visits and delivery in a healthcare institution in the Philippines, using data from the 2022 National Demographic and Health Survey.
Methods
A sample of women who had given birth within the past 3 years was selected for analysis (n=4452). The association between ANC utilization and institutional delivery was assessed using logistic regression models, covariates by relevant socio-demographic factors, and childbirth history.
Results
We found that 97.2% of respondents who completed ANC opted for institutional delivery. A higher proportion of rural residents did not undergo institutional delivery than urban residents (12.9 vs. 6.9%). The group aged 20-24 years had the highest coverage (92.8%), and the group aged 40-44 years had the lowest. Higher education levels, employment, and greater wealth were associated with higher institutional delivery rates. Divorced or widowed mothers (85.1%) and grand multiparous mothers had lower rates than other groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant positive association between ANC utilization and institutional deliveries after adjusting for covariates (adjusted odds ratio, 2.486; 95% confidence interval, 2.485 to 2.487; p<0.001).
Conclusions
ANC visits were associated with deliveries in institutions in the Philippines. Policymakers should promote ANC by ensuring 8 World Health Organization-recommended visits, strengthening programs, conducting community outreach, addressing access barriers, and integrating maternal health services to increase institutional births and improve maternal and infant health.
Summary
Key Message
This study examines the determinants of institutional delivery in the Philippines, with a focus on compliance with the WHO-recommended eight antenatal care (ANC) visits. Analysis of data from the 2022 National Demographic and Health Survey reveals a strong positive correlation between completing the recommended ANC visits and choosing institutional delivery, alongside significant influences from maternal age, education, marital status, employment, socioeconomic status, and parity. Findings underscore the importance of expanding ANC access and targeted interventions, particularly in underserved areas, to increase institutional delivery rates and improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Correlates of facility-based childbirth: A health belief model approach using the National Demographic and Health Survey - Philippines
    Denise B. Musni, Maria Paz N. Marquez
    Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development.2025; 29(4): 34.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors of stillbirths among pregnant women from twelve high-volume birthing facilities of Karachi, Pakistan: a longitudinal cohort study
    Danya Arif Siddiqi, Muhammad Zia Muneer, Sundus Iftikhar, Mubarak Taighoon Shah, Vijay Kumar Dharma, Fatima Miraj, Mariam Mehmood, Irshad Ali Sodhar, Farrukh Raza Malik, Subhash Chandir
    BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
The Effects of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Social Capital on Self-rated Health and Perceived Quality of Life: A Cross-sectional Survey-based Study in a Minority Group in Iran
Rashid Ahmadifar, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Shirzad Rostamizadeh, Nsrolah Nadimi, Parviz Sobhani, Adel Irankhah
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):11-20.   Published online October 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.210
  • 19,305 View
  • 784 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of subjective socioeconomic status and social capital on self-rated health and quality of life among a minority group in Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 800 individuals from a minority group in Iran. The sampling method was clustering, and data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 and Stata version 8.
Results
The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective socioeconomic status (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 1.61), belonging and empathy (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.15), and trust (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.13) significantly impacted the quality of life. Additionally, the logistic regression analysis for factors influencing self–rated health demonstrated significant effects for the age group of 31-50 years (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.91), gender (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.92), academic education (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.26), subjective socioeconomic status (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.38), chronic disease (OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 2.49 to 8.19), belonging and empathy (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.11), and participation (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.24).
Conclusions
The findings indicate that bonding social capital significantly influences health levels and quality of life. Focusing on delegating local responsibilities to community members and striving to promote participation in health programs, along with increasing the socioeconomic status of minority groups, can effectively improve their health and quality of life.
Summary
Key Message
The overall findings suggest that the dimensions of bonding social capital were more effective in predicting respondents' self-rated health (SRH) and perceived quality of life (QOL). Specifically, the variables of belonging/empathy and trust, were found to increase the likelihood of a positive QOL by 9% and 6%, respectively. The findings also showed that belonging/empathy and participation increase the likelihood of a positive SRH by 6% and 12%, respectively. Additionally, a 1-unit increase in Subjective Socioeconomic Status was associated with a 27% and 47% increase in the likelihood of having a positive SRH and QOL respectively.
Incidence and Influencing Factors of Avoidable Mortality in Korea From 2013-2022: Analysis of Cause-of-death Statistics
Jeong Min Yang, Jieun Hwang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(6):540-551.   Published online September 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.232
  • 5,803 View
  • 247 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study aimed to identify trends in avoidable mortality (AVM) in 16 provincial and metropolitan regions of Korea and determine the factors influencing AVM.
Methods
First, the avoidable mortality rate (AVMR) was calculated using the Statistics Korea cause-of-death and population data by age and region from 2013 to 2022. Second, a health determinants model was built, and we identified the factors influencing AVM using generalized estimating equations analysis.
Results
Although the AVMR per 100 000 people displayed a steadily decreasing trend from 2013 to 2020, it began to increase in 2021. Meanwhile, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, and Gangwon Provinces showed a higher AVMR than the national average. The analysis revealed that each 1-unit increase in the older adult population, smoking, perceived stress, or non-local medical utilization was associated with an increase in the AVMR. Conversely, 1-unit increases in the male-to-female ratio, marriage rate, positive self-rated health, local medical utilization, doctor population, influenza vaccination rate, cancer screening rate, or financial independence were associated with decrease in the AVMR.
Conclusions
This study established that the AVMR, which had been continuously decreasing across the 16 regions, shifted to an increasing trend in 2021. We also identified several factors influencing AVM. Further studies are needed to confirm the reasons for this shift in the AVMR and explore the factors that influence AVM across Korea’s 16 provincial and metropolitan regions.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 전국 및 16개 시도의 회피가능사망률 추이를 파악하고 건강결정요인 모형을 통해 영향요인을 파악하기 위함이다. 분석 결과, 전반적으로 2013년부터 2020년까지 회피가능사망률은 감소 추세를 보였으나, 2021년을 기점으로 회피가능사망률이 증가하였으며, 지역별 회피가능사망률의 편차가 존재하였다. 본 연구를 통해 우리나라의 회피가능사망 현황을 파악할 수 있으며, 향후 조기사망 감소를 위한 기초 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단한다.
Key Message
This study examines trends in avoidable mortality (AVM) rates across Korea and its 16 provinces, identifying factors using a health determinant model. From 2013 to 2020, AVM rates declined, but an increase was observed from 2021. These findings highlight the current state of AVM in Korea and offer key insights for strategies to reduce premature deaths.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Exploring the association between community-level factors and health literacy using multilevel analysis
    Inhyung Cho, Sung-il Cho
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Healthcare Utilization and Discrepancies by Income Level Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in Korea: An Analysis of National Health Insurance Sample Cohort Data
Eun Jee Park, Nam Ju Ji, Chang Hoon You, Weon Young Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):471-479.   Published online August 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.165
  • 6,406 View
  • 242 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The use of qualitative healthcare services or its discrepancy between different income levels of the type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients has seldom been studied concurrently. The present study is unique that regarding T2D patients of early stages of diagnosis. Aimed to assess the utilization of qualitative healthcare services and influence of income levels on the inequality of care among newly diagnosed patients with T2D.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 7590 patients was conducted by the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort 2.0 from 2002 to 2015. Insured employee in 2013 with no history of T2D between 2002 and 2012 were included. The standard of diabetes care includes hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc; 4 times/y), eyes (once/y) and lipid abnormalities (once/y). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the difference between income levels and inequality of care.
Results
From years 1 to 3, rates of appropriate screening fell from 16.9% to 14.1% (HbA1c), 15.8% to 14.5% (eye), and 59.2% to 33.2% (lipid abnormalities). Relative to income class 5 (the highest-income group), HbA1 screening was significantly less common in class 2 (year 2: odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.99; year 3: OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.91). In year 1, lipid screening was less common in class 1 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98) than in class 5, a trend that continued in year 2. Eye screening rates were consistently lower in class 1 than in class 5 (year 1: OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.89; year 2: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.78; year 3: OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.99).
Conclusions
Newly diagnosed T2D patients have shown low rate of HbA1c and screening for diabetic-related complications and experienced inequality in relation to receiving qualitative diabetes care by income levels.
Summary
Korean summary
의료서비스 이용의 강도와 질을 측정하는 당뇨 관련 합병증 검진율은 저소득층에서 특히 낮았습니다. 보편적 건강 보장이 있는 국가에서도 신환환자 특히 낮은 경제적 계층의 치료 불균형을 해소 하기 위해서는 재정적 부담은 절감하고, 건강 문해력 증진시키고, 일차의료 기관의 기능을 최적화 하여 책임을 강화하는 것이 필요합니다.
Key Message
Diabetic-related complications screening rates that measure the intensity and quality of medical care service usage were statistically lower in low-income groups. Reducing financial burden, promoting health literacy and optimizing the function of primary care physician and reinforcing the health care provider’s accountability are necessary to address the discrepancy of care for those with low socioeconomic status people in early stage of disease, even in nations with universal health coverage.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Older Adults with Diabetes in Korea: Latest Clinical and Epidemiologic Trends
    Kyuho Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyuna Lee, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(2): 183.     CrossRef
  • Long-term clinical outcome and risk stratification across stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in a nationwide cohort
    Hyun-Jin Kim, Byung Sik Kim, Hasung Kim, Jungkuk Lee, Ha Hye Jo, Dong Wook Kim, Jeong-Hun Shin, Ki-Chul Sung
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(6): 975.     CrossRef
Effects of the Local Environment and Nutritional Status on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under 5 Years Old in Indonesia
Tri Bayu Purnama, Keita Wagatsuma, Masdalina Pane, Reiko Saito
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):461-470.   Published online August 2, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.246
  • 9,889 View
  • 468 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study aimed to map the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among under-5 children in Indonesia, address the triple burden of malnutrition, and analyze the impact of malnutrition on ARIs, taking into account the environmental and wealth disparities in Indonesia.
Methods
This study utilized an ecological design, analyzing aggregate data from the Indonesia Nutrition Survey, 2022. It encompassed 33 provinces and 486 districts/cities, involving a total of 334 878 children under 5 years of age. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships among wealth, environment, malnutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight), and ARIs.
Results
The proportion of ARI cases in Indonesia was generally concentrated in central Sumatra, the western and eastern parts of Java, and eastern Papua. In contrast, the northern part of Sumatra, central Kalimantan, central Sulawesi, and central Papua had a higher proportion of malnutrition cases compared to other regions. Negative associations were found between malnutrition and ARIs (path coefficient =-0.072; p<0.01) and between wealth and environment (path coefficient =-0.633; p<0.001), malnutrition (path coefficient=-0.399; p<0.001), and ARIs (path coefficient=-0.918; p<0.001).
Conclusions
An increasing wealth index is expected to contribute to reducing ARIs, malnutrition and environmental burdens in the future. This study emphasizes the necessity for focused strategies that address both immediate health challenges and the underlying socioeconomic determinants to improve child health outcomes in the Indonesian context.
Summary
Key Message
In Indonesia, Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) cases were predominantly concentrated in central Sumatra, western and eastern Java, and eastern Papua, while malnutrition cases were more prevalent in northern Sumatra, central Kalimantan, central Sulawesi, and central Papua. A negative association was observed between malnutrition and ARIs. Additionally, wealth had significant negative associations with the environment, malnutrition, and ARIs, suggesting socio-environmental disparities contribute to health outcomes in these regions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Multidimensional energy poverty and childhood respiratory health across 26 low and lower middle income countries
    Cailiang Xia, Maryam Sadiq, Sidra Younas
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors of acute respiratory infection and diarrhea among children under 5 years old in low-middle wealth household, Indonesia
    Tri Bayu Purnama, Keita Wagatsuma, Reiko Saito
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Geographical variation in community-acquired pneumonia prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Sumatra, Indonesia
    Tri Bayu Purnama, Keita Wagatsuma, Masdalina Pane, Reiko Saito
    Discover Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Workstation Risk Factors for Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among IT Professionals in Indonesia
Tofan Agung Eka Prasetya, Nurul Izzah Abdul Samad, Aisy Rahmania, Dian Afif Arifah, Ratih Andhika Akbar Rahma, Abdullah Al Mamun
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):451-460.   Published online July 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.214
  • 15,337 View
  • 552 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to identify workstation factors influencing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among information technology (IT) professionals in Indonesia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 IT workers at small-enterprise companies who were randomly selected across East Java, Indonesia. The data were modeled using multiple linear regression, with a 95% level of confidence for determining statistical significance.
Results
The respondents reported that the neck had the highest level of discomfort and was the most at risk of WMSDs, followed by the lower back, right shoulder, and upper back. Screen use duration (p=0.040) was associated with whole-body WMSDs, along with seat width (p=0.059), armrest (p=0.027), monitor (p=0.046), and a combined telephone and monitor score (p=0.028). Meanwhile, the factors significantly related to the risk of WMSDs in the hands and wrist were working period (p=0.039), night shift (p=0.024), backrest (p=0.008), and mouse score (p=0.032).
Conclusions
Occupational safety authorities, standards-setting departments, and policymakers should prioritize addressing the risk factors for WMSDs among IT professionals.
Summary
Key Message
This study investigates workstation risk factors contributing to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among IT professionals in Indonesia. Findings indicate that neck discomfort is the most prevalent, with significant associations identified between WMSDs and factors such as screen use duration, seating arrangements, and work conditions. The results underscore the need for ergonomic improvements and targeted preventive measures to enhance occupational health and safety for IT workers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and digitalization: past adoption, current utilization, and future concerns
    Young-Mee Kim, Sung-il Cho
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
HIV-related Perceptions, Knowledge, Professional Ethics, Institutional Support, and HIV/AIDS-related Stigma in Health Services in West Sumatra, Indonesia: An Empirical Evaluation Using PLS-SEM
Vivi Triana, Nursyirwan Effendi, Brian Sri Pra Hastuti, Cimi Ilmiawati, Dodi Devianto, Afrizal Afrizal, Adang Bachtiar, Rima Semiarty, Raveinal Raveinal
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):435-442.   Published online July 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.503
  • 4,861 View
  • 360 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of associations between knowledge, professional ethics, institutional support, perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS, and HIV/AIDS-related stigma among health workers in West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving health workers at public hospitals and health centers in West Sumatra in June 2022. The Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale was employed to assess the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. To estimate and evaluate the model’s ability to explain the proposed constructs, we utilized the standardized partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM).
Results
In total, 283 individuals participated in this study (average age, 39 years). The majority were female (91.2%), nearly half were nurses (49.5%), and 59.4% had been working for more than 10 years. The study revealed that HIV/AIDS-related stigma persisted among health workers. The PLS-SEM results indicated that all latent variables had variance inflation factors below 5, confirming that they could be retained in the model. Knowledge and professional ethics significantly contributed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related stigma, with an effect size (f²) of 0.15 or greater. In contrast, perceived and institutional support had a smaller impact on HIV-related stigma, with an effect size (f²) of at least 0.02. The R 2 value for health worker stigma was 0.408, suggesting that knowledge, professional ethics, institutional support, and perceived support collectively explain 40.8% of the variance in stigma.
Conclusions
Improving health workers’ understanding of HIV, fostering professional ethics, and strengthening institutional support are essential for reducing HIV-related stigma in this population.
Summary
Key Message
This study explores the relationships between HIV knowledge, professional ethics, institutional support, perceptions of HIV/AIDS, and HIV/AIDS-related stigma among healthcare workers in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Using a PLS-SEM model, the analysis reveals that HIV knowledge and professional ethics significantly reduce HIV-related stigma, while the effects of perceptions and institutional support are less pronounced. The model explains 40.8% of the variance in stigma, highlighting the critical role of improving HIV knowledge, fostering ethical conduct, and strengthening institutional support. These findings suggest that comprehensive strategies addressing these factors are essential to reducing HIV/AIDS stigma in healthcare settings.
The Associations Between Physical Activity and Mental Health Problems in Middle-aged Indonesians
Sri Handayani, Siti Isfandari, Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Rozana Ika Agustiya, Irfan Ardani, Arief Priyo Nugroho, Yunita Fitrianti
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):379-387.   Published online July 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.003
  • 7,348 View
  • 365 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Mental health issues have become a growing concern worldwide. Research has shown that regular physical activity (PA) can positively affect mental health. This study investigated the associations between PA and mental health problems (MHPs) in middle-aged Indonesians.
Methods
The study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey and used a cross-sectional approach. The participants included individuals aged 40-60 years who completed the 20-question Self-Reporting Questionnaire. A logistic regression was performed to analyze a sample of 263 930 data points.
Results
Nearly 10.4% of the participants suffered from mental health issues. Notably, among those who did not engage in moderate and vigorous PA, a sign of MHPs was found in 12.5% of participants. Those who met World Health Organization standards for PA were less likely to experience MHPs (10.1%). This study found a significant association between PA and mental health. After adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio-demographic variables like age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, and residence, the connection between PA and mental health became even stronger (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.85; p<0.001).
Conclusions
Regular PA has been shown to affect mental health positively. Therefore, it is important to improve health education and efforts to raise awareness among middle-aged Indonesians about the importance of PA in maintaining good mental health.
Summary
Key Message
This study revealed a significant association between physical activity (PA) and mental problems (MHPs) among middle-aged Indonesians. Individuals who engaged in moderate to vigorous PA were less likely to experience MHPs compared to those who did not meet recommended PA levels. This association remained strong after adjusting confounding variables such as smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio- demographic factors. Therefore, promoting regular physical activity could be a beneficial strategy for improving mental health status in this population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E ANSIOLÍTICOS PÓS PANDEMIA E SEUS IMPACTOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
    Francivania Silva de Oliveira, Francisca Sabrina Vieira Lins, José Guilherme Ferreira Marques Galvão, Diego Igor Alves Fernandes de Araújo, Rafaela de Oliveira Nóbrega
    Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro.2025; 10(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • PREVALÊNCIA DO USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E/OU ANSIOLÍTICOS EM PRATICANTES DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE UMA ACADEMIA DE TERESINA
    Mariana Lima Teixeira, Ivair de Sousa Lima, Luís Felipe Araújo Pereira Lustosa, Paula Lins Gonçalves, Aureliano Machado de Oliveira
    Revista Contemporânea.2024; 4(12): e7097.     CrossRef
Causal Model of Herb Use Behavior Among Working-age Adults in Thailand
Pitchada Prasittichok, Patcharee Duangchan, Sattawat Prapasiri, Ungsinun Intarakamhang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):399-406.   Published online June 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.554
  • 6,327 View
  • 330 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study developed a causal relationship model of herb use from observational data and analyzed the direct and indirect effects of herb use on health according to the model.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 participants aged 26-59 years, selected through multistage random sampling. The instruments used for data collection included demographic information, herb use, health literacy (HL), perceived social support, societal values, and attitudes toward herb use. The conceptual model, hypothesized based on prior evidence, was tested using confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modeling. Path coefficients were estimated using the maximum likelihood method.
Results
The final model utilized empirical data, which showed that perceived social support had the most significant impact on herb use. This was followed by HL, positive attitudes toward herbal remedies, and societal values, with coefficients of 0.31, 0.18, and 0.16, respectively. When analyzing variables that indirectly affected herb use, it was clear that positive attitudes, perceived social support, and societal values significantly influenced herb use through HL, with influence coefficients of 0.08, 0.16, and 0.04, respectively. Together, these variables accounted for 68% of the variance in herb use.
Conclusions
The findings from this study can be utilized to develop and implement strategies that guide the use of herbal products, ultimately aiming to improve human health.
Summary
Key Message
A causal relationship model of herb use was created from observational data in this research, and the direct and indirect impacts of herb use on health were examined based on the model. The most vital factor influencing the use of herbal remedies is the level of social support perceived by an individual. Significant roles are also played by health literacy, positive attitudes toward herbal remedies, and societal values. Positive outlooks, community backing, and cultural principles indirectly influence the utilization of herbal remedies through health literacy. The research results can help develop approaches to encourage the correct usage of herbal items, ultimately improving public health.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Services in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study on Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives
Sharmin Parveen, Md. Shahriar Mahbub, Nasreen Nahar, K. A. M. Morshed, Nourin Rahman, Ezzat Tanzila Evana, Nazia Islam, Abu Said Md. Juel Miah
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):356-369.   Published online June 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.081
  • 10,287 View
  • 350 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The objective of this study was to explore healthcare providers’ experiences in managing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on healthcare services.
Methods
A qualitative study was conducted with 34 healthcare professionals across 15 districts in Bangladesh. Among the participants, 24 were health managers or administrators stationed at the district or upazila (sub-district) level, and 10 were clinicians providing care to patients with COVID-19. The telephone interviews were conducted in Bangla, audio-recorded, transcribed, and then translated into English. Data were analyzed thematically.
Results
Most interviewees identified a range of issues within the health system. These included unpreparedness, challenges in segregating COVID-19 patients, maintaining isolation and home quarantine, a scarcity of intensive care unit beds, and ensuring continuity of service for non-COVID-19 patients. The limited availability of personal protective equipment, a shortage of human resources, and logistical challenges, such as obtaining COVID-19 tests, were frequently cited as barriers to managing the pandemic. Additionally, changes in the behavior of health service seekers, particularly increased aggression, were reported. The primary motivating factor for healthcare providers was the willingness to continue providing health services, rather than financial incentives.
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique set of challenges for health systems, while also providing valuable lessons in managing a public health crisis. To effectively address future health crises, it is crucial to resolve a myriad of issues within the health system, including the inequitable distribution of human resources and logistical challenges.
Summary
Key Message
This qualitative study explored healthcare providers' perspectives on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare services. Issues within the health system, such as a lack of skilled human resources, insufficient critical care facilities, low coverage of COVID-19 tests, inadequate logistical support, poor health behaviors and practices among health service seekers posed barriers to managing the pandemic at different healthcare levels. Ensuring personal protection for health professionals in the face of a novel disease presented a significant challenge. Increasing resource allocation and developing the capacity of healthcare providers were identified as potential solutions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Female Sex Workers' Experiences of Accessing Healthcare Services in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Investigation
    Shaharior Rahman Razu, Kim Usher, Rikki Jones, Md. Shahidul Islam
    Diversity & Inclusion Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impacts of Covid-19 on the Treatment of Kidney Dialysis Patients in Bangladesh: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

    European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences.2025; : 533.     CrossRef
  • Specific Trends in Blood Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Analysis of a Hungarian Clinical Centre
    Sándor Pál, Margit Solymár, Barbara Réger, Hussain Alizadeh, András Vereczkei, Tamás Kiss, Zsuzsanna Faust
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(22): 7943.     CrossRef
Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study
Dal-Lae Jin, Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Euy Suk Chung, Seok-Jun Yoon
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):260-268.   Published online May 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.057
  • 6,950 View
  • 289 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Regional disparities in cardiovascular care in Korea have led to uneven patient outcomes. Despite the growing need for and access to procedures, few studies have linked regional service availability to mortality rates. This study analyzed regional variation in the utilization of major cardiovascular procedures and their associations with short-term mortality to provide better evidence regarding the relationship between healthcare resource distribution and patient survival.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using nationwide claims data for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stent insertion, or aortic aneurysm resection in 2022. Regional variation was assessed by the relevance index (RI). The associations between the regional RI and 30-day mortality were analyzed.
Results
The RI was lowest for aortic aneurysm resection (mean, 26.2; standard deviation, 26.1), indicating the most uneven regional distribution among the surgical procedures. Patients undergoing this procedure in regions with higher RIs showed significantly lower 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 0.96; p=0.026) versus those with lower RIs. This suggests that cardiovascular surgery regional availability, as measured by RI, has an impact on mortality rates for certain complex surgical procedures. The RI was not associated with significant mortality differences for more widely available procedures like CABG (aOR, 0.96), PCI (aOR, 1.00), or stent insertion (aOR, 0.91).
Conclusions
Significant regional variation and underutilization of cardiovascular surgery were found, with reduced access linked to worse mortality for complex procedures. Disparities should be addressed through collaboration among hospitals and policy efforts to improve outcomes.
Summary
Korean summary
심혈관 관련 수술을 대상으로 지역적 불균형을 분석한 결과, 관상동맥우회술, 경피적 관상동맥중재술, 스텐트 삽입술은 전국적으로 광범위하게 분포되었다. 반면에 대동맥류 절제술은 지역적 불균형이 발생하였고, 사망률 또한 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 의료 격차 해소를 위해 병원 간 협력체계 구축, 지역 균형적 의료자원 확충 등 정책적 노력이 필요하다
Key Message
An analysis of regional disparities in cardiovascular surgeries revealed that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and stent insertion procedures were widely distributed nationwide. However, there was a regional imbalance in aortic aneurysm resection (AAR) surgeries, which also showed significant differences in mortality rates. Therefore, policy efforts are needed to bridge the healthcare gap, such as establishing collaborative systems among hospitals and ensuring a balanced distribution of medical resources across regions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Global trends and practices in coronary artery bypass surgery
    Shahzad G. Raja
    Academia Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Metagenome-assembled genomes reveal microbial signatures and metabolic pathways linked to coronary artery disease
    Soomin Lee, Shahbaz Raza, Eun-Ju Lee, Yoosoo Chang, Seungho Ryu, Hyung-Lae Kim, Si-Hyuck Kang, Han-Na Kim, Ying Zhang
    mSystems.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Regional disparities in the distribution of public and private healthcare facilities in South Korea
    Jiyu Park, Byeongyun Jeon, Eun Lee, Abel C. H. Chen
    PLOS One.2025; 20(9): e0330090.     CrossRef
Mental Health of Medical Students After Combating the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam
Duc Minh Cap, Anh Quang Nguyen, Tham Thi Nguyen
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):347-355.   Published online May 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.108
  • 8,595 View
  • 390 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of mental health (MH) symptoms and associated factors among medical students who were engaged in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 4 provinces/cities of Vietnam.
Methods
A cross-sectional study with 580 participants was conducted at a medical university in Northern Vietnam. MH was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, which was previously standardized in Vietnam. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the association between MH symptoms and relevant factors.
Results
Out of a total of 2703 medical students, 21.5% responded to the questionnaire. Among the 580 respondents, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression included being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Similarly, being female and having a COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with self-reported anxiety. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of MH symptoms, working more than 8 hr/day, and having a COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
COVID-19 has adversely impacted the MH of medical students. Our findings are valuable in their potential to motivate universities, MH professionals, and authorities to offer mental healthcare services to this group. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for training courses designed to equip future healthcare workers with the skills to manage crises effectively.
Summary
Key Message
This study investigated mental health symptoms among medical students after being involved in combating COVID-19 in Vietnam. Out of 580 participants, depression, anxiety, and stress rates were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression and anxiety were being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of mental health symptoms, working more than 8 hours per day, and having a COVID-19 infection. The study emphasizes the importance of providing psychological support for medical students and the necessity for training programs to enhance crisis management skills.
Classification of Healthy Family Indicators in Indonesia Based on a K-means Cluster Analysis
Herti Maryani, Anissa Rizkianti, Nailul Izza
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):234-241.   Published online May 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.497
  • 8,194 View
  • 398 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Health development is a key element of national development. The goal of improving health development at the societal level will be readily achieved if it is directed from the smallest social unit, namely the family. This was the goal of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach. The objective of the study was to analyze variables of family health indicators across all provinces in Indonesia to identify provincial disparities based on the status of healthy families.
Methods
This study examined secondary data for 2021 from the Indonesia Health Profile, provided by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, and from the 2021 welfare statistics by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). From these sources, we identified 10 variables for analysis using the k-means method, a non-hierarchical method of cluster analysis.
Results
The results of the cluster analysis of healthy family indicators yielded 5 clusters. In general, cluster 1 (Papua and West Papua Provinces) had the lowest average achievements for healthy family indicators, while cluster 5 (Jakarta Province) had the highest indicator scores.
Conclusions
In Indonesia, disparities in healthy family indicators persist. Nutrition, maternal health, and child health are among the indicators that require government attention.
Summary
Key Message
This paper explores disparities in family health status across provinces using cluster analysis with the K-means approach applied to 10 family health indicator variables. Secondary data analysis was used from the 2021 Indonesian Health Profile and statistics on people’s welfare. The study identified five distinct clusters, each with different characteristics. Papua and West Papua demonstrate the lowest average level in terms of healthy family indicators, whereas DKI Jakarta shows the greatest indicator level. To eliminate the disparities, the government should prioritize the following indicators: maternal health, infant health, and nutrition.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Referral care utilization and financial burden of comorbidities among individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis: A two-part model analysis of Indonesia’s national health insurance data, 2022
    Danik Iga Prasiska, Whiejong Han, Suk-Yong Jang
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2026; 19(1): 103032.     CrossRef
  • PPARγ modulator predictor (PGMP_v1): chemical space exploration and computational insights for enhanced type 2 diabetes mellitus management
    Sk. Abdul Amin, Lucia Sessa, Shovanlal Gayen, Stefano Piotto
    Molecular Diversity.2025; 29(4): 3305.     CrossRef
  • Clinical symptoms and functional impairment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-morbid tic disorder (TD) patients: a cluster-based investigation
    Zhongliang Jiang, Hui Xu, Anyi Zhang, Liping Yu, Xianbin Wang, Wenyan Zhang, Yonghua Cui, Ying Li
    BMC Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A semiempirical and machine learning approach for fragment-based structural analysis of non-hydroxamate HDAC3 inhibitors
    Sk. Abdul Amin, Lucia Sessa, Rajdip Tarafdar, Shovanlal Gayen, Stefano Piotto
    Biophysical Chemistry.2025; 320-321: 107409.     CrossRef
  • Structural insights and molecular profiling of a large set of diverse compounds targeting PPARγ: from comprehensive cheminformatics approach to tool development
    S.A. Amin, G. Chakraborty, R. Tarafdar, L. Sessa, I. Das, S. Piotto
    SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research.2025; 36(5): 443.     CrossRef
  • AI/ML‐Driven DPP‐4 Inhibitor Predictor (d4p_v1) for Enhanced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management: Insights Into Chemical Space, Fingerprints, and Electrostatic Potential Maps
    Anu Manhas, Ritam Dutta, Stefano Piotto, Sk. Abdul Amin
    Archiv der Pharmazie.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unveiling chemical space, scaffold diversity, critical structural features of pesticides: A comprehensive QSAR, qRASAR, machine learning studies to predict pesticides toxicity
    Supratik Kar, Sk. Abdul Amin, Lu Li
    Science of The Total Environment.2025; 1001: 180489.     CrossRef
  • First 4D-QSAR Study of Human Kynurenine 3 Monooxygenase (hKMO) Inhibitors: Integrating Chemical Space Networks and an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Platform for Neurodegenerative Disease Drug Discovery
    Sk. Abdul Amin, Joao Pedro Gallo Almeida Do Val, João Paulo Ataide Martins, Stefano Piotto
    ACS Omega.2025; 10(35): 39751.     CrossRef
Using the Health Belief Model to Predict Tuberculosis Preventive Behaviors Among Tuberculosis Patients’ Household Contacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Border Areas of Northern Thailand
Nantawan Khamai, Katekaew Seangpraw, Parichat Ong-Artborirak
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):223-233.   Published online May 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.453
  • 10,159 View
  • 547 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated the rate of tuberculosis (TB) infection among close contacts of TB patients in remote regions. However, research on preventive behaviors, guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), among household contacts of TB cases is scarce. This study aimed to employ the HBM as a framework to predict TB preventive behaviors among household contacts of TB patients in the border areas of Northern Thailand.
Methods
A cross-sectional study with multi-stage random sampling was conducted in Chiang Rai Province. The study included 422 TB patients’ household contacts aged 18 years or older who had available chest X-ray (CXR) results. A self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct the survey.
Results
The participants’ mean age was 42.93 years. Pearson correlation analysis showed that TB preventive behavior scores were significantly correlated with TB knowledge (r=0.397), perceived susceptibility (r=0.565), perceived severity (r=0.452), perceived benefits (r=0.581), self-efficacy (r=0.526), and cues to action (r=0.179). Binary logistic regression revealed that the modeled odds of having an abnormal CXR decreased by 30.0% for each 1-point score increase in preventive behavior (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.79).
Conclusions
HBM constructs were able to explain preventive behaviors among TB patients’ household contacts. The HBM could be used in health promotion programs to improve TB preventive behaviors and avoid negative outcomes.
Summary
Key Message
- Tuberculosis knowledge and the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs are associated with preventive behaviors that affect CXR results among pulmonary TB patients’ household contacts. - The HBM could be used in health promotion programs to improve TB preventive behaviors and avoid negative outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Household Clustering of High-Risk Contacts in Smear-Positive TB Patient Families: Evidence for Hotspot Households and Risk Stratification in Rural Eastern Cape
    Hloniphani Guma, Ntandazo Dlatu, Wezile Wilson Chitha, Teke Apalata, Lindiwe Modest Faye
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(12): 1823.     CrossRef
Association Between Objective Social Isolation and Unmet Medical Needs: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study in Korea
Jeong Min Yang, Seul Ki Lee, Jae Hyun Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(3):242-251.   Published online April 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.516
  • 15,257 View
  • 378 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between objective social isolation (SI) and unmet medical needs (UMN) in adults aged 19 and older.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 208 619 adults aged 19 and older, excluding missing data, using the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. To analyze the association between objective SI and UMN, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed.
Results
The prevalence of UMN was 1.14 times higher (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.23) among those with SI than among those without SI, and the OR for groups with 5 SI types was 2.77 (95% CI, 1.86 to 4.12) compared to those with no SI types. In addition, a stratified analysis by age group showed that the association between SI and UMN existed even in groups under 64 years old. However, among those aged 65 and older, SI was associated with an OR of 1.53 (95% CI, 1.37 to 1.71) for UMN compared to non-SI. As the number of SI types increased, the prevalence of UMN also increased, indicating a strong association between SI and UMN in older adults.
Conclusions
This study found that individuals with SI experienced UMN due to fear and anxiety about interpersonal relationships. Therefore, based on the results of this cross-sectional study, it is necessary to investigate the causal relationship between SI and UMN through future longitudinal data.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2019년 지역사회건강조사를 활용하여 사회적 고립과 미충족의료 간의 연관성을 분석한 연구이다. 분석 결과 사회적 고립이 있을 경우 비사회적고립 집단에 비하여 미충족의료 경험률이 높았고, 사회적 고립의 강도가 높아질수록 강한 연관성을 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 미충족의료 취약 집단에 대한 정책적, 제도적 기반 마련이 요구된다.
Key Message
This study analyzed the association between social isolation and unmet medical needs using the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. The analysis revealed that individuals experiencing social isolation had a higher rate of unmet medical needs compared to the non-social isolation group. Furthermore, a stronger association was observed as the intensity of social isolation increased. Based on the results of this study, there is a need to establish policy and institutional foundations to support vulnerable groups with unmet medical needs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Unmet need for healthcare services among unemployed people – findings from a national survey in Finland
    Hanna Rinne, Ari-Pekka Sihvonen, Visa Väisänen, Lars Leemann, Anna-Mari Aalto
    BMC Health Services Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea
Jongmin Oh, Youn-Hee Lim, Changwoo Han, Dong-Wook Lee, Jisun Myung, Yun-Chul Hong, Soontae Kim, Hyun-Joo Bae
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):185-196.   Published online March 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.514
  • 11,372 View
  • 331 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Excess mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been documented. However, research on the disease burden following short-term exposure is scarce. We investigated the cause-specific mortality burden of short-term exposure to PM2.5 by considering the potential non-linear concentration–response relationship in Korea.
Methods
Daily cause-specific mortality rates and PM2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2019 were collected for 8 Korean cities and 9 provinces. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality levels. We assumed no detrimental health effects of PM2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m3. Overall deaths attributable to short-term PM2.5 exposure were estimated by summing the daily numbers of excess deaths associated with ambient PM2.5 exposure.
Results
Of the 2 749 704 recorded deaths, 2 453 686 (89.2%) were non-accidental, 591 267 (21.5%) were cardiovascular, and 141 066 (5.1%) were respiratory in nature. A non-linear relationship was observed between all-cause mortality and exposure to PM2.5 at lag0, whereas linear associations were evident for cause-specific mortalities. Overall, 10 814 all-cause, 7855 non-accidental, 1642 cardiovascular, and 708 respiratory deaths were attributed to short-term exposure to PM2.5. The estimated number of all-cause excess deaths due to short-term PM2.5 exposure in 2019 was 1039 (95% confidence interval, 604 to 1472).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate an association between short-term PM2.5 exposure and various mortality rates (all-cause, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Korea over the period from 2010 to 2019. Consequently, action plans should be developed to reduce deaths attributable to short-term exposure to PM2.5.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2010~2019년 한국의 초미세먼지 단기 노출로 인한 사망 부담을 추정하였으며 2010~2019년간, 초미세먼지 단기노출로 인한 전체원인 사망은 10,814명, 비사고 사망은 7,855명, 심혈관 사망은 1,642명, 호흡기 사망은 708명으로 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대기오염 관리, 규제, 정책 수립에 있어 도움을 줄 것으로 예상한다.
Key Message
- We estimated mortality burden attributable to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 in Korea from 2010 to 2019 - Over the 10-years study period, the estimated excess deaths due to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 totaled 10,814 for all-causes, 7,855 for non-accidental, 1,642 for cardiovascular disease, and 708 for respiratory disease. - Our findings can assist in air pollution management, regulation, and policy-making.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Wintertime Trends of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in South Korea, 2012–2022: Response of Nitrate and Organic Components to Decreasing NOx Emissions
    Drew C. Pendergrass, Daniel J. Jacob, Yujin J. Oak, Ruijun Dang, Laura Hyesung Yang, Ellie Beaudry, Nadia K. Colombi, Shixian Zhai, Hwajin Kim, Jin‐soo Choi, Jin‐soo Park, Soontae Kim, Ke Li, Hong Liao
    Geophysical Research Letters.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of PM2.5 and particle constituents on overall, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Seoul
    Oh Beom Kwon, Eun Ju Lee, Myoung Nam Lim, Young Ji Han, Jun Young Ahn, Hye Jung Shin, Jung Min Park, Jeeyoung Kim, Woo Jin Kim
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Symptoms, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Patients After COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam
Hai Nguyen Thanh, Duc Cap Minh, Hien Hoang Thu, Duc Nguyen Quang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):128-137.   Published online February 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.511
  • 7,093 View
  • 422 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study was conducted to characterize the symptoms, mental health, quality of life (QoL), and associated factors following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 394 participants previously infected with COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Mental health was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Participants self-reported health-related QoL was measured with the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale.
Results
Among the participants, 76.4% reported experiencing at least one symptom following COVID-19 infection. The most common symptoms were fatigue (42.1%), cognitive dysfunction (42.9%), and hair loss (27.9%). According to the DASS-21 results, the proportions of depression, anxiety, and stress were 28.7%, 26.4%, and 20.6%, respectively. The mean scores on the EQ-5D-5L and the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale were 0.94±0.11 and 84.20±13.11, respectively. Regarding QoL issues, the highest proportion of participants (32.7%) reported experiencing anxiety or depression, followed by pain or discomfort (25.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with the presence of symptoms following COVID-19 infection included female (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 4.91) and having QoL issues (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.71 to 6.19).
Conclusions
The study investigated the prevalence rates of various symptoms following COVID-19 infection. These findings underscore the need to prioritize comprehensive care for individuals recovering from COVID-19 and to implement strategies to mitigate the long-term impact of the disease on mental health and QoL.
Summary
Key Message
This cross-sectional study in Vietnam investigated symptoms, mental health, and quality of life among patients recovering from COVID-19. The study found that most participants experienced post-infection symptoms, with fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and hair loss being the most common. Mental health issues were prevalent, and participants reported varying levels of quality of life. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive care and strategies to address the long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicide tendency among individual with long-COVID and determinants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi, Akbar Biglarian, Jannike Lie Karlstad, Cathrine Fredriksen Moe, Enayatollah Bakhshi, Mohammad-Reza Khodaei-Ardakani, Samira Behboudi-Gandevani, Shibajee Debbarma
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0312351.     CrossRef
  • Health-related quality of life in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D studies
    Kidu Gidey, Yirga Legesse Niriayo, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Erica Lubetkin
    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Quality of sleep after COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study in the Southern Italy
    Vincenza Sansone, Silvia Angelillo, Giovanna Paduano, Claudia Pileggi, Carmelo Giuseppe Angelo Nobile, Gabriella Di Giuseppe
    Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Dengue Prevention Among Health Volunteers in an Urban Area – Malang, Indonesia
Alidha Nur Rakhmani, Lilik Zuhriyah
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):176-184.   Published online February 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.484
  • 10,682 View
  • 557 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The dengue prevention program known as “One House One Mosquito Larva Inspector” involves health volunteers who play a crucial role in the surveillance of mosquito larvae and reporting their findings to local public health officials. This study aimed to identify factors related to the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of dengue prevention behavior among these health volunteers.
Methods
A study was conducted in 5 sub-districts in Malang, an urban area in Indonesia. We employed a cross-sectional design and utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the KAP of 400 health volunteers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews.
Results
Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals with a more positive attitude (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; p<0.05) and those with family sizes greater than five persons (OR, 1.90; p<0.05) were more likely to engage in effective dengue prevention practices. Additionally, possesing good knowledge was significantly assocated with more positive attitude (OR, 2.24; p<0.001). Furthermore, 40% reduction in positive attitude was observed in those over 45 years (OR, 0.60; p<0.05). The best practices most frequently reported by the majority of respondents included always reporting their surveillance activities (75.8%) and cleaning the water container in the bathroom at least once a week (65.2%). However, only 52.2% of respondents regularly checked for mosquito larvae in their neighborhood.
Conclusions
Sustainable promotion and training for the “One House One Mosquito Larva Inspector” initiative are necessary, particularly among young health volunteers, to improve dengue prevention behaviors both within their own homes and in the surrounding environment.
Summary
Key Message
The study among health volunteers emphasizes that better knowledge and younger age < 45 were associated with a positive attitude. While a positive attitude and family size > 5 persons were associated with better dengue prevention practices. Therefore, there is a need for sustained promotion and training among health volunteers to enhance the knowledge and attitude that may shape good dengue prevention practices.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Spatial Analysis on Heterogenous Determinant of Dengue Fever Cases in Indonesia
    Yessi Rahmawati, Iqram Ramadhan Jamil, Isnawati Hidayah
    Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding dengue vaccine: a baseline study of community members and health providers in Indonesia
    Abdul Wahab, Ida Safitri Laksanawati, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Asal Wahyuni Erlin Mulyadi, Wahyu Triadmajani, Jarir At Thobari
    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2025; 68(3): 228.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Website “Remaja Cegah DBD” on the Prevention Behaviour of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Among Students at Junior High School in Makassar City, Indonesia
    Wahyunita Syahrir, Wahiduddin Wahiduddin, A. Arsunan Arsin, Ida Leida M. Thaha, Stang Stang
    International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research.2025; 14: 430.     CrossRef
  • Environmental health factors influencing dengue: a systematic review with thematic categorization
    Jitjira Chaiyarit, Kanokwun Sriwongsuk, Sutasinee Putepapas, Prat Intarasaksit
    International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Vaccine Hesitancy Toward Dengue Immunization Among Indonesian Office Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study of Perceptions, Barriers, and Trust Factors
    Theresia Santi, Ridwansyah Ridwansyah, Veli Sungono, Natalia Widjaya, Keinata Nabila Euqenekim, Cessya Prianyanta, Sri Rezeki S. Hadinegoro, Budi Setiabudiawan, Juandy Jo
    Vaccines.2025; 13(12): 1178.     CrossRef
  • Time series analysis of dengue incidence in Bandung City, Indonesia using a ARIMA model
    Agung Sutriyawan, Martini Martini, Dwi Sutiningsih, Farid Agushybana, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, Victor Eneojo Adamu, Hairil Akbar, Matheus Aba
    Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology.2024; 101(6): 803.     CrossRef
Environmental Health Literacy Regarding Fine Particulate Matter and Related Factors Among Village Health Volunteers in Upper Northern Thailand
Nattapon Pansakun, Warangkana Naksen, Waraporn Boonchieng, Parichat Ong-artborirak, Tippawan Prapamontol
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):138-147.   Published online February 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.434
  • 6,444 View
  • 652 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Fine particulate matter pollution has emerged as a significant life-threatening issue in Thailand. Recognizing the importance of environmental health literacy (EHL) in disease prevention is crucial for protecting public health. This study investigated EHL levels and aimed to identify associated factors among village health volunteers (VHVs) in the upper northern region of Thailand.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 710 VHVs using the EHL assessment tool developed by the Department of Health, Thailand.
Results
The overall EHL score was moderate (mean, 3.28 out of a possible 5.0), with the highest and lowest domain-specific mean score for the ability to make decisions (3.52) and the ability to access (3.03). Multiple linear regression revealed that the factors associated with EHL score were area of residence (urban areas in Chiang Mai: B=0.254; urban areas in Lampang: B=0.274; and rural areas in Lampang: B=0.250 compared to rural areas in Chiang Mai), higher education levels (senior high school: B=0.212; diploma/high vocational certificate: B=0.350; bachelor’s degree or above: B=0.528 compared to elementary school or lower), having annual health checkups compared to not having annual health check-ups (B=0.142), monthly family income (B=0.004), and individuals frequently facing air pollution issues around their residence (B=0.199) compared to those who reported no such issues.
Conclusions
The VHVs exhibited moderate EHL associated with residence area, education, health check-ups, family income, and residential air pollution. Considering these factors is vital for enhancing VHVs’ EHL through strategic interventions.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Environmental Health Literacy of Brazilian Indigenous People
    Bernardo Oliveira Buta, Wauana Sheeva Costa Silva Manchineri, Matheus Britto Froner, Maria Berta Ecija, Debora Helena Rosa Cardoso, Benjamin Miranda Tabak
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(4): 625.     CrossRef
  • Development of personal air pollution exposure report-back materials to Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial participants in Guatemala and Rwanda: a qualitative study
    Ashlinn Quinn, Mayari Hengstermann, Anaite Diaz-Artiga, Ajay Pillarisetti, Maggie Clark, Laura Ruiz-Aguilar, Florien Ndagijimana, John P McCracken, Ghislaine Rosa, William Checkley, Jennifer Peel, Thomas F Clasen, Lisa Thompson
    BMJ Global Health.2025; 10(5): e017672.     CrossRef
  • Scale validation and prediction of environmental health literacy in Brazil
    Bernardo Oliveira Buta, Matheus Britto Froner, Benjamin Miranda Tabak
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Perspective
The Paradox of the Ugandan Health Insurance System: Challenges and Opportunities for Health Reform
Emmanuel Otieno, Josephine Namyalo
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):91-94.   Published online December 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.110
  • 5,504 View
  • 348 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
For nearly four decades, Ugandans have experienced a period marked by hope, conflict, and resilience across various aspects of healthcare reform. The health insurance system in Uganda lacks a legal framework and does not extend benefits to the entire population. In Uganda, community-based health insurance is common among those in the informal sector, while private medical insurance is typically provided to employees by their workplaces and agencies. The National Health Insurance Scheme Bill, introduced in 2019, was passed in 2021. If the President of Uganda gives his assent to the National Health Insurance Bill, it will become a significant policy driving health and universal health coverage. However, this bill is not without its shortcomings. In this perspective, we aim to explore the complex interplay of challenges and opportunities facing Uganda’s health sector.
Summary
Key Message
For the Ugandans, nearly the last four decades have been years of hope, conflict, and resilience in a myriad of contexts for healthcare reform. Health insurance system has no legal framework and provides benefits not to the entire national population. The 2019 National Health Insurance scheme Bill was passed in 2021. If the President of Uganda assents to the National Health Insurance Bill, it will be a compelling policy in health and health for all policies. But this Bill has several drawbacks. In this perspective, we aimed to provide intricacies and mix of challenges and opportunities for the health sector.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Regulation of artificial intelligence in Uganda’s healthcare: exploring an appropriate regulatory approach and framework to deliver universal health coverage
    Kalule Grancia Mugalula
    International Journal for Equity in Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Desafíos éticos en los modelos de seguro de salud de Uganda: abordando dilemas para mejorar la equidad, el acceso y la sostenibilidad
    Bernard Rabwoni
    Medicina y Ética.2025; 36(3): 858.     CrossRef
  • Economic assessment of potential changes to essential medicines for diabetes in Uganda
    Atousa Bonyani, Tracy K. Lin, Ambrose Jakira, Isaac D. Kimera, Martin Muddu, Jeremy I. Schwartz, James G. Kahn, Sonak D. Pastakia
    PLOS One.2025; 20(6): e0326806.     CrossRef
  • Emergency Obstetric Care Access Dynamics in Kampala City, Uganda: Analysis of Women’s Self-Reported Care-Seeking Pathways
    Catherine Birabwa, Lenka Beňová, Josefien van Olmen, Aline Semaan, Peter Waiswa, Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas
    Global Health: Science and Practice.2024; 12(6): e2400242.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Relationship Between Pesticide Exposure Factors and Health Symptoms Among Chili Farmers in Northeast Thailand
Ratchadaporn Pengpan, Kulthida Y. Kopolrat, Sribud Srichaijaroonpong, Nutta Taneepanichskul, Patiwat Yasaka, Ratanee Kammoolkon
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):73-82.   Published online December 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.353
  • 8,613 View
  • 404 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The unsafe use of pesticides in agriculture represents a major hazard to human health. This study was conducted to investigate the association between pesticide exposure and health symptoms among chili farmers in northeast Thailand.
Methods
This cross-sectional analytic study included 141 chili farmers in Sakon Nakhon Province, in northeast Thailand. Data regarding health symptoms were gathered using a self-report questionnaire. A medical technician tested blood cholinesterase activity using an erythrocyte method, and an occupational medicine specialist at Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand reviewed the results. Associations between personal characteristics, pesticide exposure factors, and health symptoms were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
Results
Of the 141 chili farmers studied, 66.7% experienced pesticide poisoning, as indicated by below-normal cholinesterase levels. Fatigue was the most frequently reported symptom associated with pesticide exposure, affecting 37.6% of participants. This was followed by nausea and vomiting (31.9%), dizziness (14.9%), and dry throat (14.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with adverse symptoms: amount of work experience, volume of pesticides used, use of chemical pesticides, use of leaking containers during spraying, direct pesticide exposure while working, contact with pesticide-soaked clothing, consumption of food and drinks in the fields, and blood cholinesterase level indicating risk.
Conclusions
This study suggests potential health risks for chili farmers stemming from exposure to and contamination by pesticides used in agricultural practices. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to supply personal protective equipment and to implement educational programs aimed at improving protective behaviors among farmers.
Summary
Key Message
This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of pesticide exposure on health symptoms. In a cross-sectional study, the effects of pesticide exposure on acetylcholinesterase erythrocyte activity in blood during agricultural practices were examined as potential health risks for chili farmers. It is crucial to provide personal protective equipment and to implement educational initiatives targeted at encouraging farmers to adopt more protective behaviors to reduce these risks.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Developmental inequity and the impact of pesticide exposure on gut and brain health in developing nations – a Brazilian perspective
    Jessica Gama, Bianca Cruz Neves, Antonio Pereira
    Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Fatigability and Long-Term Pesticide Exposure in Organic and Conventional Farmers
    Talita Regina Coelho, Maurício Bedim dos Santos, Hugo M. Pereira, Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
    Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational health risk of farmers: A qualitative study with the agriculture society of trinidad and tobago and the ministry of agriculture, land and fisheries
    Barry Parasram, Avishek Choudhury, Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
    PLOS One.2025; 20(7): e0327283.     CrossRef
  • Health Literacy and Associated Factors Influencing Pesticide Protective Behaviors Among Cassava Farmers in an Eastern Thailand Province: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Chaninan Praserttai, Phannathat Tanthanapanyakorn, Nonlapan Khantikulanon, Sootthikarn Mungkhunthod, Kunlaphatcha Maoon
    Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research.2025; 29(4): 892.     CrossRef
  • Pesticide exposure and health risk assessment in Durian farmers from Southern of Thailand
    Pattama Senthong, Sivasit Wittayasilp
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2025; 98(9-10): 821.     CrossRef
  • Pesticide poisoning as an occupational and environmentally determined disease: modern approaches to diagnosis in accordance with the recommendations of the international labour organization (part I)
    A.V. Basanets, M.G. Prodanchuk, N.V. Kurdil, Т.О. Yastrub
    Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects.2025; 99(2): 28.     CrossRef
  • Emerging diseases: trend research and omics-based analysis reveals mechanisms of endophytes modulate Chilli plant resilience
    Wiwiek Harsonowati, Evy Latifah, Arinal Haq Izzawati Nurrahma, Jati Purwani, Rashid Iqbal, Javid Ahmad Parray, Ashish D. Patel
    Symbiosis.2024; 93(3): 241.     CrossRef
  • An Analysis of Occupational Hazards Based on the Physical Ergonomics Dimension to Improve the Occupational Health of Agricultural Workers: The Case in Mayo Valley, Mexico
    Víctor Manuel Ramos-García, Josué Aarón López-Leyva, Ana Paola Balderrama-Carmona, Iván Ochoa-Vázquez, Juan José García-Ochoa, Manuel de Jesús Espinoza-Espino
    Safety.2024; 10(3): 61.     CrossRef
Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam
Nhan Phuc Thanh Nguyen, Ha Phan Ai Nguyen, Cao Khoa Dang, Minh Tri Phan, Huynh Ho Ngoc Quynh, Van Tuan Le, Chinh Van Dang, Tinh Huu Ho, Van Trong Phan, Thang Van Dinh, Thang Phan, Thi Anh Thu Dang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):37-46.   Published online December 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.327
  • 7,256 View
  • 383 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The objective of this study was to characterize mental health issues among Vietnamese healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify related factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 990 HCWs in 2021. Their mental health status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.
Results
In total, 49.9%, 52.3%, and 29.8% of respondents were found to have depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The multivariable linear regression model revealed that factors associated with increased anxiety scores included depression scores (β, 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.51) and stress scores (β, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52). Factors associated with increased depression scores included being frontline HCWs (β, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.10), stress scores (β, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.56), and anxiety scores (β, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.47), while working experience was associated with reduced depression scores (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.01). Factors associated with increased stress scores included working experience (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.16), personal protective equipment interference with daily activities (β, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.00), depression scores (β, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.59), and anxiety scores (β, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.50), while age was associated with reduced stress scores (β, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.05).
Conclusions
Specific interventions are necessary to enhance and promote the mental health of HCWs so they can successfully cope with the circumstances of the pandemic.
Summary
Key Message
A cross-sectional study of 990 Vietnamese healthcare workers in Vietnam, 2021 revealed significant mental health issues: 49.9 % suffered from depression, 52.3 % from anxiety, and 29.8 % from stress. The study found a correlation between these conditions, with frontline workers being particularly vulnerable to depression. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted mental health interventions for healthcare workers, particularly those new to the field and working on the front lines, in order to better manage pandemic-related stressors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Pandemic preparedness in Vietnam: a review of health system resilience and areas for improvement
    Bach Xuan Tran, Taufique Joarder, Vincent Junxiong Pang, Clara Marin Carballo, Hoa Thi Do, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Ngo Van Toan, Shenglan Tang
    Journal of Global Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Emotional Competence of Healthcare Workers and Its Impact on   Patient Loyalty in Vietnamese Hospitals  
    Phuoc Thien Mai, Nah Pi Sa, Triet Dinh Luu, Nam Khoa Ly, Phi Duong Nguyen
    Health Psychology Research.2024; 12(1): 1.     CrossRef
Prevalence and Determinants of Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditures in Iran From 2013 to 2019
Abdoreza mousavi, Farhad lotfi, Samira Alipour, Aliakbar Fazaeli, Mohsen Bayati
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):65-72.   Published online November 25, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.291
  • 7,916 View
  • 331 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Protecting people against financial hardship caused by illness stands as a fundamental obligation within healthcare systems and constitutes a pivotal component in achieving universal health coverage. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) in Iran, over the period of 2013 to 2019.
Methods
Data were obtained from 7 annual national surveys conducted between 2013 and 2019 on the income and expenditures of Iranian households. The prevalence of CHE was determined using a threshold of 40% of household capacity to pay for healthcare. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants influencing CHE.
Results
The prevalence of CHE increased from 3.60% in 2013 to 3.95% in 2019. In all the years analyzed, the extent of CHE occurrence among rural populations exceeded that of urban populations. Living in an urban area, having a higher wealth index, possessing health insurance coverage, and having employed family members, an employed household head, and a literate household head are all associated with a reduced likelihood of CHE (p<0.05). Conversely, the use of dental, outpatient, and inpatient care, and the presence of elderly members in the household, are associated with an increased probability of facing CHE (p<0.05).
Conclusions
Throughout the study period, CHE consistently exceeded the 1% threshold designated in the national development plan. Continuous monitoring of CHE and its determinants at both household and health system levels is essential for the implementation of effective strategies aimed at enhancing financial protection.
Summary
Key Message
• The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) in Iran. • Catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) are used for monitoring financial protection within health systems. • The World Health Organization defines CHE as out-of-pocket payments for healthcare that exceed 40% of a household’s capacity to pay. • In Iran, the prevalence of CHE increased from 3.60% in 2013 to 3.95% in 2019. • Continuous monitoring of CHE and its determinants is essential for implementing effective strategies aimed at enhancing financial protection.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Determinants of Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Impact on Poverty in Deltaic Country: Evidence From Bangladesh
    Md Abdur Rouf Sarkar, Md Jahid Ebn Jalal, Shijun Ding, Ismat Ara Begum, Bo Yang, Mohammad Jahangir Alam
    Sustainable Development.2025; 33(4): 5414.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of national health accounts in Iran (2002–2020)
    Abdoreza Mousavi, Mahdi Mokhtari-Payam, Aliakbar Fazaeli, Mohammad Bakhtiari Aliabad
    Payesh (Health Monitor) Journal.2025; 24(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • An analysis of financial protection and financing incidence of out-of-pocket health expenditures in Kazakhstan from 2018 to 2021
    Askhat Shaltynov, Yulia Semenova, Madina Abenova, Assel Baibussinova, Ulzhan Jamedinova, Ayan Myssayev
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Systematic Review
Adjusting for Confounders in Outcome Studies Using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database: A Review of Methods and Applications
Seung Jin Han, Kyoung Hoon Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):1-7.   Published online November 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.250
  • 7,180 View
  • 513 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders.
Methods
We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included.
Results
Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively.
Conclusions
This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.
Summary
Korean summary
건강보험청구자료를 사용한 성과연구에서는 교란요인 통제가 중요하다. 최근 발표된 연구들은 연구설계와 통계 분석 과정에 적절하게 교란요인을 통제하였다. 연구의 질을 높이기 위해서는 건강보험청구자료에서 수집 가능한 교란 요인에 대한 이해와 방법론적 가이드라인이 요구된다.
Key Message
All recently published studies using Health Insurance Claims Database adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies. The review suggests the need for careful application of confounding variables and the methodological guidance to improve the quality of outcome studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Associated With Receiving Early Post-Discharge Follow-up Care in Patients With Schizophrenia
    Song Ee Che, Kyoung-Hoon Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Diabetogenic Effect of Statin Use May Interact With Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From the UK Biobank
    Jong Hyun Park, Kyu-Taek Lim, Jooyeon Lee, Yongjin Gil, Joohon Sung
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(1): 92.     CrossRef
  • Validation of Diagnostic Code Definitions for Identifying Patient in Korean Health Insurance Claims Data: A Scoping Review
    Kyoung-Hoon Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Worsening of health disparities across COVID-19 pandemic stages in Korea
    Hyejin Lee, Hyunwoo Nam, Jae-ryun Lee, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee
    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024038.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study
    Dal-Lae Jin, Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Euy Suk Chung, Seok-Jun Yoon
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(3): 260.     CrossRef
  • Low household income increases risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young population: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in South Korea
    Chiwook Chung, Kyu Na Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Sei Won Lee, Kyungdo Han
    BMJ Open Respiratory Research.2024; 11(1): e002444.     CrossRef
  • An epidemic of cataract surgery in Korea: the effects of private health insurance on the National Health Insurance Service
    Hyejin Lee, Soo-Hee Hwang, Choon-Seon Park, Seol-Hee Chung, Catherine L. Chen, Jin Yong Lee, Jin Soo Lee
    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024015.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Teachers’ Negative Attitudes and Limited Health Literacy Levels as Risks for Low Awareness of Epilepsy in Turkey
Gulay Yilmazel
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(6):573-582.   Published online November 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.330
  • 4,912 View
  • 110 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
For students with epilepsy, schools are a critical environment for managing the disease properly. This study examined awareness of epilepsy, attitudes toward epilepsy, and health literacy among school teachers in Turkey.
Methods
This study was conducted in a city in Turkey with 1408 public school teachers from June 2021 to September 2021.
Results
The median scores of the scales were 5, 29, and 32 for epilepsy awareness, epilepsy attitudes, and health literacy, respectively. Epilepsy awareness was higher in women, and epilepsy attitudes were more positive in women than men (p<0.05). While epilepsy awareness was higher in primary school teachers, epilepsy attitudes were more positive in secondary school teachers (p<0.05). Epilepsy awareness was lower in secondary school teachers (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; p<0.05), those who did not have an individual with epilepsy in their family/social environment (OR, 1.57; p<0.001), those who did not have a student with epilepsy in their class (OR, 1.45; p<0.05), and in those who had not witnessed an epilepsy seizure (OR,1.19; p<0.05). Compared to those with positive attitudes regarding epilepsy, epilepsy awareness was 1.36 times lower in those with negative attitudes (p<0.001). Epilepsy awareness was 1.92 times lower in those with limited health literacy than those with adequate health literacy (p<0.001).
Conclusions
In this study, low epilepsy awareness, negative epilepsy attitudes, and limited health literacy were common among teachers. The findings from this study suggest that panels, workshops, and health training on epilepsy should be organized for school teachers and included at regular intervals in certified first-aid practices.
Summary
Key Message
• This article examined school teachers' barriers to epilepsy awareness. • Awareness was low, negative attitudes were high, and health literacy level was limited. • Negative attitudes and limited health literacy were the most effective risks for poor awareness.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Health Literacy and Attitudes Towards Childhood Epilepsy
    Burcu cengiz, Gulendam Karadag
    Journal of Community Health Nursing.2025; 42(1): 43.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between attitudes toward epilepsy and health literacy in Turkey: The mediating role of epilepsy knowledge
    Emre Erkal
    Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy.2025; 125: 186.     CrossRef
  • The effect of a web-based epilepsy education program developed for teachers on their knowledge, attitudes, and self-management
    Fulya Merve Kos, Murat Bektas, Dijle Ayar
    Epilepsy & Behavior.2025; 171: 110637.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Pharmacists’ Interventions in Increasing Medication Adherence of Patients With Epilepsy: A Scoping Review
    Iin Ernawati, Nanang Munif Yasin, Ismail Setyopranoto, Zullies Ikawati
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(3): 212.     CrossRef
An Important Strategy to Improve Adolescent Health Literacy: COVID-19 Modules in High School in Indonesia
Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah, Visuddho Visuddho, Abdul Khairul Rizki Purba, Annette d’ Arqom, Ancah Caesarina Novi Marchianti
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(6):523-532.   Published online November 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.113
  • 5,560 View
  • 167 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
During the second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge, cases increased sharply due to low awareness and compliance with measures to limit disease spread. Health literacy (HL) is an important component of public health initiatives, and schools are potential sources of health education to increase HL via the presentation of COVID-19 educational modules.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved an online questionnaire administered to students from 5 high schools in Surabaya and Sidoarjo, Indonesia, 6-7 weeks after the start of government-issued directives restricting public gatherings. We collected data on each respondent’s age, gender, parental education, and socioeconomic variables. HL was determined by the Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents. We additionally measured their attitudes and behaviors related to preventing the spread of COVID-19. The students were asked if they watched the COVID-19 module at school, their feelings about vaccination, and preferred online sources of COVID-19-related information.
Results
Most of the 432 respondents had viewed COVID-19 modules at school. Module exposure was associated with significantly higher total and domain-specific HL and more positive attitudes toward government-issued COVID-19 restrictions on travel and public gatherings (p<0.05). However, behaviors to prevent COVID-19 spread and vaccine acceptance were not associated with module exposure. Most students chose social media as their source of COVID-19-related information.
Conclusions
Schools can provide information to increase adolescents’ HL and the public’s support for health initiatives to prevent or limit the spread of COVID-19.
Summary
Key Message
A cross-sectional study carried out on high school students during the second surge of COVID-19 in Indonesia revealed that they benefitted from the COVID-19 module. Students who viewed the module had higher scores on health literacy measures of adolescents (HELMA), had a more favorable attitude toward government-issued restrictive policies, and were more likely to have adequate health literacy, in regard to the ability to use health information. These imply schools as part of the public health response by providing education to increase adolescents’ health literacy and the public’s support for health initiatives to prevent and limit the spread of COVID-19.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • TikTok and digital health literacy: A systematic review
    Margaret Kristin Merga
    IFLA Journal.2025; 51(2): 490.     CrossRef
Healthcare Systems and COVID-19 Mortality in Selected OECD Countries: A Panel Quantile Regression Analysis
Jalil Safaei, Andisheh Saliminezhad
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(6):515-522.   Published online October 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.162
  • 4,096 View
  • 107 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exerted an unprecedented impact on the health of populations worldwide. However, the adverse health consequences of the pandemic in terms of infection and mortality rates have varied across countries. In this study, we investigate whether COVID-19 mortality rates across a group of developed nations are associated with characteristics of their healthcare systems, beyond the differential policy responses in those countries.
Methods
To achieve the study objective, we distinguished healthcare systems based on the extent of healthcare decommodification. Using available daily data from 2020, 2021, and 2022, we applied quantile regression with non-additive fixed effects to estimate mortality rates across quantiles. Our analysis began prior to vaccine development (in 2020) and continued after the vaccines were introduced (throughout 2021 and part of 2022).
Results
The findings indicate that higher testing rates, coupled with more stringent containment and public health measures, had a significant negative impact on the death rate in both pre-vaccination and post-vaccination models. The data from the post-vaccination model demonstrate that higher vaccination rates were associated with significant decreases in fatalities. Additionally, our research indicates that countries with healthcare systems characterized by high and medium levels of decommodification experienced lower mortality rates than those with healthcare systems involving low decommodification.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that stronger public health infrastructure and more inclusive social protections have mitigated the severity of the pandemic’s adverse health impacts, more so than emergency containment measures and social restrictions.
Summary
Key Message
This study investigates whether COVID-19 mortality rates across a group of developed nations are associated with characteristics of their healthcare systems, beyond the differential policy responses in those countries. To this aim, a quantile regression with non-additive fixed effects is applied to estimate mortality rates across quantiles. The results of this study indicate that stronger public health infrastructure and more inclusive social protections have mitigated the severity of the pandemic’s adverse health impacts, more so than emergency containment measures and social restrictions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Clinical Associations with Hospital Escalation Among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Remdesivir in a Hospital-at-Home Service: A Real-World Cohort Study
    Manuel Mirón-Rubio, Regina de la Corte-Carmona, Amaya Palomo-Iloro, Eduardo Fernández-Carracedo, José Ramón Sevilla-Resúa, Santiago Somovilla-Moreno, Isabel Ortega-Fernández, Francisco Bas-Sanchís, María del Carmen Montero-Hernández, Irene Gutiérrez-Gómez
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(19): 6736.     CrossRef
Brief Report
Characteristics and Health Care Spending of Persistently and Transiently High-cost Older Adults in Korea
Sungchul Park, Giryeon Bae
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):475-480.   Published online September 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.270
  • 4,771 View
  • 111 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
This study examined differences in health care spending and characteristics among older adults in Korea by high-cost status (persistently, transiently, and never high-cost).
Methods
We identified 1 364 119 older adults using data from the Korean National Insurance Claims Database for 2017-2019. Outcomes included average annual total health care spending and high-cost status for 2017-2019. Linear regression was used to estimate differences in the outcomes while adjusting for individual-level characteristics.
Results
Persistently and transiently high-cost older adults had higher health care spending than never high-cost older adults, but the difference in health care spending was greater among persistently high-cost older adults than among transiently high-cost older adults (US$20 437 vs. 5486). Despite demographic and socioeconomic differences between transiently high-cost and never high-cost older adults, the presence of comorbid conditions remained the most significant factor. However, there were no or small differences in the prevalence of comorbid conditions between persistently high-cost and transiently high-cost older adults. Rather, notable differences were observed in socioeconomic status, including disability and receipt of Medical Aid.
Conclusions
Medical risk factors contribute to high health care spending to some extent, but social risk factors may be a source of persistent high-cost status among older adults in Korea.
Summary
Korean summary
- 한국에서 65세 이상의 고령층 고비용 환자 그룹 내에서 두 개의 이질적인 그룹을 발견하였다. - 지속적으로 고비용인 환자는 일시적으로 고비용인 환자보다 의료비 지출이 유의미하게 더 많았다. - 두 그룹의 특성을 비교한 결과, 건강요인의 차이도 있었지만 그보다는 사회적 요인의 차이가 더 컸다.
Key Message
- High-cost older adults are heterogeneous in terms of health care spending and sample characteristics in Korea. - Persistently high-cost older adults had significantly higher health care spending than transiently high-cost older adults. - Medical risk factors contribute to high health care spending to some extent, but social risk factors may be a source of persistent high-cost status among older adults.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Associated with Health Care Spending Among Adults in South Korea
    Giryeon Bae, Sungchul Park
    Journal of General Internal Medicine.2025; 40(10): 2462.     CrossRef
  • Health Care Spending Increases and Value in South Korea
    Sungchul Park, Joseph L. Dieleman, Marcia R. Weaver, Giryeon Bae, Karen Eggleston
    JAMA Health Forum.2025; 6(1): e245145.     CrossRef
  • Assessing differences among persistent, episodic, and non- high-need high-cost hospitalized children in China after categorization by an unsupervised learning algorithm
    Peng Zhang, Bifan Zhu, Linan Wang
    Archives of Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
Reliability of a Newly Developed Tool to Assess and Classify Work-related Stress (TAWS-16) for Indian Workforce
Gautham Melur Sukumar, Runalika Roy, Mariamma Philip, Gururaj Gopalkrishna
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):407-412.   Published online August 19, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.219
  • 4,986 View
  • 144 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Work stress is associated with non-communicable diseases, increased healthcare costs, and decreased work productivity among employees in the information technology sector. There is a need for regular work-stress screening among employees using valid and reliable tools. The Tool to Assess and Classify Work Stress (TAWS-16) was developed to overcome limitations in existing stress assessment tools in India. This study aimed to test the reliability of TAWS-16 in a sample of managerial-supervisory employees.
Methods
This observational reliability study included data from 62 employees. Test-retest and inter-method reliability were investigated using a TAWS-16 web application and interview by telephone, respectively. Kappa values and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha.
Results
For both test-retest and inter-method reliability, the agreement for both work-related factors and symptoms suggestive of work stress exceeded 80%, and all kappa values were 0.40 or higher. Cronbach’s alpha for test-retest and inter-method reliability was 0.983 and 0.941, respectively.
Conclusions
TAWS-16 demonstrated acceptable reliability. It measured stressors, coping abilities, and psychosomatic symptoms associated with work stress. We recommend using TAWS-16 to holistically identify work stress among employees during periodical health check-ups in India.
Summary
Key Message
The study assessed test-retest and inter-method reliability of Tool to Assess Work Stress (TAWS – 16) developed by Centre for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) on 62 employees in Bengaluru, India. Kappa statistics, Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated. TAWS – 16 demonstrated acceptable reliability, good internal consistency and can be used to identify work stress among employees during periodical health check-ups in Indian setting.
JPMPH : Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
© Korean Society for Preventive Medicine.
TOP