Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Volume 53(5); September 2020

COVID-19: Original Article

The Effects of Border Shutdowns on the Spread of COVID-19: Nahae Kang, Beomsoo Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):293-301. Published online August 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.332

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Objectives
At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries imposed entry bans against Chinese visitors. We sought to identify the effects of border shutdowns on the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods
We used the synthetic control method to measure the effects of entry bans against Chinese visitors on the cumulative number of confirmed cases using World Health Organization situation reports as the data source. The synthetic control method constructs a synthetic country that did not shut down its borders, but is similar in all other aspects.
Results
Six countries that shut down their borders were evaluated. For Australia, the effects of the policy began to appear 4 days after implementation, and the number of COVID-19 cases dropped by 94.4%. The border shutdown policy took around 13.2 days to show positive effects and lowered COVID-19 cases by 91.7% on average by the end of February.
Conclusions
The border shutdowns in early February significantly reduced the spread of the virus. Our findings are informative for future planning of public health policies.

Summary

Citations

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Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors of COVID-19 Prevention Behavior in Indonesia: A Mixed-methods Study
Putri Winda Lestari, Lina Agestika, Gusti Kumala Dewi
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(1): 21. CrossRef
Exploring homesickness among international students in China during border closure
Yohana Kifle Mekonen, Michael Agyemang Adarkwah
International Journal of Intercultural Relations.2023; 94: 101800. CrossRef
Effectiveness assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic
Adrian Lison, Nicolas Banholzer, Mrinank Sharma, Sören Mindermann, H Juliette T Unwin, Swapnil Mishra, Tanja Stadler, Samir Bhatt, Neil M Ferguson, Jan Brauner, Werner Vach
The Lancet Public Health.2023; 8(4): e311. CrossRef
Effectiveness of international border control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative synthesis of published systematic reviews
Karen Ann Grépin, John Aston, Jacob Burns
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Problems with evidence assessment in COVID-19 health policy impact evaluation: a systematic review of study design and evidence strength
Noah A Haber, Emma Clarke-Deelder, Avi Feller, Emily R Smith, Joshua A. Salomon, Benjamin MacCormack-Gelles, Elizabeth M Stone, Clara Bolster-Foucault, Jamie R Daw, Laura Anne Hatfield, Carrie E Fry, Christopher B Boyer, Eli Ben-Michael, Caroline M Joyce,
BMJ Open.2022; 12(1): e053820. CrossRef
Quarantine and testing strategies to ameliorate transmission due to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic: a modelling study
Chad R. Wells, Abhishek Pandey, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, William S. Crystal, Burton H. Singer, Seyed M. Moghadas, Alison P. Galvani, Jeffrey P. Townsend
The Lancet Regional Health - Europe.2022; 14: 100304. CrossRef
The methodologies to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19: a systematic review
Nicolas Banholzer, Adrian Lison, Dennis Özcelik, Tanja Stadler, Stefan Feuerriegel, Werner Vach
European Journal of Epidemiology.2022; 37(10): 1003. CrossRef
Improving the management and security of COVID 19 diagnostic test data with a digital platform in resource-limited settings: The case of PlaCARD in Cameroon
Jules Brice Tchatchueng-Mbougua, Loique Landry Messanga Essengue, Francis Jaudel Septoh Yuya, Vanessa Kamtchogom, Achta Hamadou, Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mbah, Paul Alain Tagnouokam-Ngoupo, Maurice Tchuente, Richard Njouom, Sara Eyangoh, Mathurin Cyrille Tejiok
PLOS Digital Health.2022; 1(10): e0000113. CrossRef
International travel-related control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review
Jacob Burns, Ani Movsisyan, Jan M Stratil, Renke Lars Biallas, Michaela Coenen, Karl MF Emmert-Fees, Karin Geffert, Sabine Hoffmann, Olaf Horstick, Michael Laxy, Carmen Klinger, Suzie Kratzer, Tim Litwin, Susan Norris, Lisa M Pfadenhauer, Peter von Philip
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Public health effects of travel-related policies on the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods systematic review
Lama Bou-Karroum, Joanne Khabsa, Mathilda Jabbour, Nadeen Hilal, Zeinab Haidar, Pamela Abi Khalil, Rima Abdul Khalek, Jana Assaf, Gladys Honein-AbouHaidar, Clara Abou Samra, Layal Hneiny, Sameh Al-Awlaqi, Johanna Hanefeld, Fadi El-Jardali, Elie A. Akl, Ch
Journal of Infection.2021; 83(4): 413. CrossRef
Impact Evaluation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Policy: A Guide to Common Design Issues
Noah A Haber, Emma Clarke-Deelder, Joshua A Salomon, Avi Feller, Elizabeth A Stuart
American Journal of Epidemiology.2021; 190(11): 2474. CrossRef

COVID-19: Brief Report

The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea: Su JIn Kang, Jihyun Moon, Heewon Kang, Heekyoung Nam, Sangwoo Tak, Sung-Il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):302-306. Published online September 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.213

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Objectives
In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions.
Methods
We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors.
Results
According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs.
Conclusions
Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.

Summary

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Schengen Borders as Lines that Continue to Separate? Media Representations of Pandemic Dimensions of Insecurity in Eastern German Border Regions to Poland
Nona Renner, Judith Miggelbrink, Kristine Beurskens, Antonia Zitterbart
Journal of Borderlands Studies.2022; 37(4): 825. CrossRef
Classification Schemes of COVID-19 High Risk Areas and Resulting Policies: A Rapid Review
Olalekan A. Uthman, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Sameh Al-Awlaqi, Johanna Hanefeld, Charbel El Bcheraoui
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A measure to estimate the risk of imported COVID-19 cases and its application for evaluating travel-related control measures
Heewon Kang, Kyung-Duk Min, Seonghee Jeon, Ju-Yeun Lee, Sung-il Cho
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Towards sustainable airport waste management through the adoption of a "green" airport strategy: The case of Incheon International Airport
Glenn Baxter
Clean Technologies and Recycling.2022; 2(4): 247. CrossRef
Pathways between COVID-19 public health responses and increasing overdose risks: A rapid review and conceptual framework
Tribesty Nguyen, Jane A. Buxton
International Journal of Drug Policy.2021; 93: 103236. CrossRef

COVID-19: Perspective

Beyond SARS-CoV-2: Lessons That African Governments Can Apply in Preparation for Possible Future Epidemics: Mary Aigbiremo Oboh, Semeeh Akinwale Omoleke, Christian Eseigbe Imafidon, Olumide Ajibola, Eniyou Cheryll Oriero, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):307-310. Published online August 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.259

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Abstract PDF

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems, even in advanced economies. While the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa compared to other continents has so far been low, there are concerns about under-reporting, inadequate diagnostic tools, and insufficient treatment facilities. Moreover, proactiveness on the part of African governments has been under scrutiny. For instance, issues have emerged regarding the responsiveness of African countries in closing international borders to limit trans-continental transmission of the virus. Overdependence on imported products and outsourced services could have contributed to African governments’ hesitation to shut down international air and seaports. In this era of emerging and re-emerging pathogens, we recommend that African nations should consider self-sufficiency in the health sector as an urgent priority, as this will not be the last outbreak to occur. In addition to the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement fund (US$600 million) provided by the World Bank for strengthening health systems and disease surveillance, each country should further establish an epidemic emergency fund for epidemic preparedness and response. We also recommend that epidemic surveillance units should create a secure database of previous and ongoing pandemics in terms of aetiology, spread, and treatment, as well as financial management records. Strategic collection and analysis of data should also be a central focus of these units to facilitate studies of disease trends and to estimate the scale of requirements in preparation and response to any future pandemic or epidemic.

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Evaluation de la capacité de préparation et de riposte aux urgences sanitaires du Sénégal
Bernard Sawadogo, Babacar Fall, Babacar Ndoye, Ibrahim Sonko, Delia Akosua Bandoh, Ernest Kenu, Virgil Lokossou
Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

COVID-19: Correspondence

Fighting an Infodemic in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Leveraging Technology and Social Media: Sakshi Jindal, Gaurav Anand; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):311-312. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.345

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Management of the COVID-19 Infodemic in Asian Countries: What Should We Know? (Systematic Review)
Mansoureh Damerchiloo, Fatemeh Baghalha
Libri.2023; 73(3): 187. CrossRef
The moderating effects of entertainers on public engagement through government activities in social media during the COVID-19
Xuefan Dong, Ying Lian
Telematics and Informatics.2022; 66: 101746. CrossRef
The causes, impacts and countermeasures of COVID-19 “Infodemic”: A systematic review using narrative synthesis
Wenjing Pian, Jianxing Chi, Feicheng Ma
Information Processing & Management.2021; 58(6): 102713. CrossRef
An alternate view on Covid-19 infodemic in India: A prospective longitudinal survey on prevalent myths (Preprint)
Dr Raghavendra Rao M, Dr Deepak KK, Dr. Vadiraja Hosakote Sanjeevarao, Dr. Borligarla Venkateshwar Rao, Dr Vivek Udupa Udupa, Dr. A Mohan Rao, Dr. Prashanth Shetty, Dr. Nandeesh Nanjangud Subbanna
JMIR Infodemiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prediction of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Farmers: A Korean Nationwide Population-based Study: Solam Lee, Hunju Lee, Hye Sim Kim, Sang Baek Koh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):313-322. Published online July 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.156

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in farmers compared to the general population and to establish 5-year prediction models.
Methods
The farmer cohort and the control cohort were generated using the customized database of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea database and the National Sample Cohort, respectively. The participants were followed from the day of the index general health examination until the events of MI, stroke, or death (up to 5 years).
Results
In total, 734 744 participants from the farmer cohort and 238 311 from the control cohort aged between 40 and 70 were included. The age-adjusted incidence of MI was 0.766 and 0.585 per 1000 person-years in the farmer and control cohorts, respectively. That of stroke was 0.559 and 0.321 per 1000 person-years in both cohorts, respectively. In farmers, the risk factors for MI included male sex, age, personal history of hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, creatinine, metabolic syndrome components (blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Those for stroke included male sex, age, personal history of hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, high γ-glutamyl transferase, and metabolic syndrome components (blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The prediction model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.735 and 0.760 for MI and stroke, respectively, in the farmer cohort.
Conclusions
Farmers had a higher age-adjusted incidence of MI and stroke. They also showed distinct patterns in cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population.

Summary

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Lowering Barriers to Health Risk Assessments in Promoting Personalized Health Management
Hayoung Park, Se Young Jung, Min Kyu Han, Yeonhoon Jang, Yeo Rae Moon, Taewook Kim, Soo-Yong Shin, Hee Hwang
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(3): 316. CrossRef
Development of rapid and effective risk prediction models for stroke in the Chinese population: a cross-sectional study
Yuexin Qiu, Shiqi Cheng, Yuhang Wu, Wei Yan, Songbo Hu, Yiying Chen, Yan Xu, Xiaona Chen, Junsai Yang, Xiaoyun Chen, Huilie Zheng
BMJ Open.2023; 13(3): e068045. CrossRef
Varying combination of feature extraction and modified support vector machines based prediction of myocardial infarction
A. Razia Sulthana, A. K. Jaithunbi
Evolving Systems.2022; 13(6): 777. CrossRef
Binary cutpoint and the combined effect of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on cardiovascular disease mortality: A community-based cohort study
Ju-Yeun Lee, Ji Hoon Hong, Sangjun Lee, Seokyung An, Aesun Shin, Sue K. Park, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0270510. CrossRef
Relationship Between Agricultural Crop Handling and Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Mitsuhiro NOSE, Yumi KIMURA, Ryota SAKAMOTO
JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE.2022; 71(1): 31. CrossRef
Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Korea
Hyeon Chang Kim
Global Health & Medicine.2021; 3(3): 134. CrossRef
Presence of Thrombectomy-capable Stroke Centers Within Hospital Service Areas Explains Regional Variation in the Case Fatality Rate of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Korea
Eun Hye Park, Yong Jin Gil, Chanki Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Seung-sik Hwang
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2021; 54(6): 385. CrossRef

Sexual Intercourse and Its Correlates Among School-aged Adolescents in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey: Anissa Rizkianti, Iram Barida Maisya, Nunik Kusumawardani, Christine Linhart, Jerico Franciscus Pardosi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):323-331. Published online August 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.028

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among junior secondary and high school students in Indonesia from the 2015 Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS).
Methods
The survey was conducted among 11 110 students from 75 schools in Indonesia using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore associations between sexual intercourse and socio-demographic variables, substance use, mental distress, and protective factors.
Results
Overall, 5.3% of students reported having ever had sex (6.9% of boys and 3.8% of girls). Of students who engaged in sexual intercourse, 72.7% of boys and 90.3% of girls had an early sexual debut (before reaching the age of 15) and around 60% had multiple sex partners. Sexual intercourse was associated with gender, school grade, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, suicidal ideation, truancy, peer support, and parental supervision.
Conclusions
These findings indicate a pressing need to develop more comprehensive sexual health education in the national curriculum. An effective strategy should also address other risky behaviours.

Summary

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The Development and Initial Validation of the Youth Sexual Intention Scale: Indonesian Version
Rahmi Lubis, Zahrotur R. Hinduan, Ratna Jatnika, Baydhowi Baydhowi, Hendriati Agustiani
INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2022; 59: 004695802210878. CrossRef
Factors Related to Sexual Intercourse Among Korean Middle and High School Students
Joohee Shim, Jihyun Baek, Seungwoo Han
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigation of the Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Sexual Health Behaviours of University Students
Şahika ŞİMŞEK ÇETİNKAYA, Esra DEMİRARSLAN
Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2022; 11(2): 425. CrossRef
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Reproductive Health Issue of Adolescents in Rural area, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
JM Seno Adjie, Andrew Pratama Kurniawan, Raymond Surya
The Open Public Health Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A second demographic transition in Indonesia?
Ariane Utomo, Aris Ananta, Diahhadi Setyonaluri, Calvin Aryaputra
China Population and Development Studies.2022; 6(3): 288. CrossRef

The Association Between the Basic Old-Age Pension and Depression of the Older Adults in Korea: Jaewon Kim, Tae-Jin Lee, Cheong-Seok Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):332-341. Published online July 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.024

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the Basic Old-Age Pension (BOP), which is a noncontributory pension, and depression in BOP beneficiaries in Korea.
Methods
We used the second and third waves (2007-2008) of the Korea Welfare Panel Study to identify the effect of the BOP on mental health in the year of its introduction. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, applied in a Korean context, was used to evaluate mental health. To analyze the effect of the BOP, a difference-in-difference approach was used in analyses of all subjects and subgroups.
Results
For this study population of 760 adults, the BOP did not have a statistically significant relationship with depression in its beneficiaries. After controlling for type of household, the BOP was still not associated with lower reporting of depression, either in singlebeneficiary or double-beneficiary households, in the year of the benefit.
Conclusions
The BOP policy had no significant relationship with the level of depression among recipients. However, this should not be interpreted as implying that income subsidy programs for older adults, such as the BOP, do not affect mental health, considering the importance of economic hardship in this population and the program’s socioeconomic effects.

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Factors Associated with Aging in Place among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Korea: Findings from a National Survey
Myong Sun Cho, Mi Young Kwon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2740. CrossRef
Comparing the mental health effects of different social assistance programmes in Hong Kong
Chenhong Peng, Paul S. F. Yip
Journal of Asian Public Policy.2022; : 1. CrossRef

Relationship Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Decreased Bone Mineral Density: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea: Jisun Sung, Seungho Ryu, Yun-Mi Song, Hae-Kwan Cheong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):342-352. Published online July 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.089

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was associated with incident bone mineral density (BMD) decrease.
Methods
This study included 4536 subjects with normal BMD at baseline. NAFLD was defined as the presence of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography without significant alcohol consumption or other causes. Decreased BMD was defined as a diagnosis of osteopenia, osteoporosis, or BMD below the expected range for the patient’s age based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio of incident BMD decrease in subjects with or without NAFLD. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the relevant factors.
Results
Across 13 354 person-years of total follow-up, decreased BMD was observed in 606 subjects, corresponding to an incidence of 45.4 cases per 1000 person-years (median follow-up duration, 2.1 years). In the model adjusted for age and sex, the hazard ratio was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.82), and statistical significance disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic factors. In the subgroup analyses, NAFLD was associated with a lower risk of incident BMD decrease in females even after adjustment for confounders. The direction of the effect of NAFLD on the risk of BMD decrease changed depending on BMI category and body fat percentage, although the impact was statistically insignificant.
Conclusions
NAFLD had a significant protective effect on BMD in females. However, the effects may vary depending on BMI category or body fat percentage.

Summary

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Anti-osteoporotic treatments in the era of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: friend or foe
Maria Eleni Chondrogianni, Ioannis Kyrou, Theodoros Androutsakos, Christina-Maria Flessa, Evangelos Menenakos, Kamaljit Kaur Chatha, Yekaterina Aranan, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Eva Kassi, Harpal S. Randeva
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between body fat and bone mineral density in Korean adults: a cohort study
Hyunjung Yoon, Eunju Sung, Jae-Heon Kang, Cheol-Hwan Kim, Hocheol Shin, Eunsol Yoo, Minyoung Kim, Mi Yeon Lee, Sujeong Shin
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Liver fibrosis is associated with impaired bone mineralization and microstructure in obese individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Ilaria Barchetta, Carla Lubrano, Flavia Agata Cimini, Sara Dule, Giulia Passarella, Arianna Dellanno, Alberto Di Biasio, Frida Leonetti, Gianfranco Silecchia, Andrea Lenzi, Maria Gisella Cavallo
Hepatology International.2023; 17(2): 357. CrossRef
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Bone Tissue Metabolism: Current Findings and Future Perspectives
Oxana M. Drapkina, Anastasia Yu. Elkina, Anna F. Sheptulina, Anton R. Kiselev
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(9): 8445. CrossRef
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated With Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Ying‐Hao Su, Kuo‐Liong Chien, Shu‐Hua Yang, Wei‐Tso Chia, Jen‐Hau Chen, Yen‐Ching Chen
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The National Consensus statement on the management of adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and main comorbidities
Marina V. Maevskaya, Yulia V. Kotovskaya, Vladimir T. Ivashkin, Olga N. Tkacheva, Ekaterina A. Troshina, Marina V. Shestakova, Valeriy V. Breder, Natalia I. Geyvandova, Vladimir L. Doshchitsin, Ekaterina N. Dudinskaya, Ekaterina V. Ershova, Khava B. Kodzo
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Ilias D. Vachliotis, Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Antonis Goulas, Dimitrios G. Goulis, Stergios A. Polyzos
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2022; 24(9): 1702. CrossRef
Hepatic fibrosis is associated with an increased rate of decline in bone mineral density in men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Ji Won Yoon, Min Joo Kim, Goh-Eun Chung, Jong In Yang, Jeong Yoon Yim, Jin Ju Kim, Sun Mie Kim, Min-Sun Kwak
Hepatology International.2021; 15(6): 1347. CrossRef
NAFLD Associated Comorbidity
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Exploring Reproductive Health Education Needs in Infertile Women in Iran: A Qualitative Study: Zohreh Khakbazan, Raziyeh Maasoumi, Zahra Rakhshaee, Saharnaz Nedjat; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):353-361. Published online July 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.056

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
An inadequate understanding of infertility can affect individuals’ self-efficacy and ability to perform self-care; thus, reproductive health education is an important part of infertility treatment. The present qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences and educational needs of infertile women with regard to reproductive health.
Methods
In this qualitative study, we utilized a content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was performed to ensure maximum diversity. In total, 23 individual interviews were conducted with 20 Iranian women with infertility and 3 key informants between July 2018 and February 2019 in northern Iran. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using a conventional content analysis approach.
Results
Reproductive health education needs were identified by analyzing interview data from 4 main categories: familiarity with the fertility process and preparation for pregnancy, recognition of infertility and expectations around seeking treatment, recognition of preventive actions associated with reproductive health, and correction of false beliefs. Recognizing the causes of infertility and understanding the different approaches to infertility treatment are among the most important educational needs of infertile women. The potential for neglect of health-related issues due to concerns about fertility and the maternal experience necessitates education about preventive measures for cervical cancer, breast cancer, and sexually transmitted infections. Correcting misconceptions, including those related to contraceptives and traditional medicine, can also help promote reproductive health.
Conclusions
In infertile women, the educational needs associated with reproductive health are multifaceted. Satisfying these needs can help achieve optimal treatment results and promote reproductive health.

Summary

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The impact of stigma on mental health and quality of life of infertile women: A systematic review
Yue Xie, Yue Ren, Changmin Niu, Ying Zheng, Ping Yu, Lin Li
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Women's experience of infertility & treatment – A silent grief and failed care and support
Shereen Assaysh-Öberg, Catrin Borneskog, Elin Ternström
Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare.2023; 37: 100879. CrossRef
Effect of Teach-back and Douyin platform short video health education in women receiving infertility treatment
Qin Lin, Haiyan Zhou, Jijun Wu, Pei Chen, Yanping Niu, Weiwei Fang, Ling Li, Ling Peng, Mengxue Fu
DIGITAL HEALTH.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Study of Reproductive Health Literacy and Its Related Factors in Infertile Women
Z Rakhshaee, B Kamranpour
Journal of Health and Hygiene.2023; 14(4): 466. CrossRef
Women’s Attempts Related to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Infertility Causes and Diagnosis: A Narrative Inquiry
Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Malihe Noori Sistani, Mohammad Vahedian-Shahroodi
Community Health Equity Research & Policy.2022; 42(3): 291. CrossRef

Breaking the Gender Gap: A Two-part Observational Study of the Gender Disparity Among Korean Academic Emergency Physicians: Mi Jin Lee, ChangHo Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):362-370. Published online August 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.286

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Despite greater access to training positions and the presence of more women in emergency medicine, it has remained a men-dominated field. This study aims to identify the key issues causing the gender gap in Korea and establish measures to overcome them.
Methods
Using the annual statistical reports of the National Emergency Medical Center and data published on the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine website, cases that listed the current status and positions of members in its organization and its committees were analyzed. Secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2015 Korean Society of Emergency Survey that included physicians’ demographics, academic ranking, years of experience, clinical work hours, training and board certification, core faculty status, position, and salaries.
Results
As of September 2019, women account for only 12.7% of the total number of emergency physicians (EP) in Korea; of 119 chair/ vice‐chair academic positions, women represented only 9.2%. Women EP were more often assistant professors and fellowship-trained, with fewer in core faculty. However, they worked the same numbers of clinical hours as their men counterparts. The median annual salary of women EP was less than that of men EP after adjusting for academic hospital rank, clinical hours, and core faculty status.
Conclusions
A gender gap still exists among Korean EP, and women earn less than men regardless of their rank, clinical hours, or training. Future studies should evaluate more data and develop system-wide practices to eliminate gender disparities.

Summary

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Gender distribution in emergency medicine journals: editorial board memberships in top-ranked academic journals
Svenja Ravioli, Adrienne Rupp, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Gregor Lindner
European Journal of Emergency Medicine.2021; 28(5): 380. CrossRef

Effects of Socio-demographic Factors on the Decreasing Trend in the Sex Ratio at Birth in Korea, 1997-2017: Jisuk Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):371-380. Published online August 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.282

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study investigated the effects of socio-demographic factors on the decreasing trend in the sex ratio at birth from 1997 to 2017 in Korea.
Methods
Data from 10 349 602 live births registered with Statistics Korea from 1997 to 2017 were analyzed. The secondary sex ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of male to female live births, during the study period (1997-1999 [phase I], 2000-2002 [phase II], 2003-2005 [phase III], 2006-2008 [phase IV], 2009-2011 [phase V], 2012-2014 [phase VI], and 2015-2017 [phase VII]) was calculated according to selected socio-demographic factors, such as parental age, education, occupation, and birth order. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for a male birth after adjusting for potential confounders.
Results
The SSR gradually decreased from 1.10 (in 1998-2000 and 2002) to 1.05 (in 2013-2016). While a decreasing trend in the SSR was not noted among first births, male-biased sex ratios were prominent among third and higher-order births, for which the highest SSR was 1.46 in 1998. Higher birth order was significantly associated with an excess of male births in phases I-VI (≥third vs. first, OR range, 1.03 to 1.35). Advanced maternal age was significantly associated with an excess of female births in phases II, III, and V (≥40 vs. 20-24 years, OR range, 0.92 to 0.95).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that advanced maternal age and reduction of the artificially-biased SSR among third and higher-order births may partially explain the decreasing trend in the SSR from 1997 to 2017 in Korea.; Summary

Brief Report

Impact of Admission Diagnosis on the Smoking Cessation Rate: A Brief Report From a Multi-centre Inpatient Smoking Cessation Programme in Singapore: Jason Jia Hao See, Kay Choong See; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):381-386. Published online July 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.134

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Few studies have been published regarding the relevance of the admission diagnosis to the smoking cessation rate. We studied smoking cessation rates in relation to admission diagnoses in our inpatient smoking cessation programmes.
Methods
This retrospective study included all patients recruited into our inpatient smoking cessation programmes at 2 institutions in Singapore between June 2008 and December 2016. Patients were given individualized intensive counselling and were followed up via phone interviews for up to 6-month to assess their smoking status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse potential associations between admission diagnoses and 6-month abstinence.
Results
A total of 7194 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 54.1 years, and 93.2% were male. In total, 1778 patients (24.7%) were abstinent at the 6-month follow-up call. Patients who quit smoking tended to be of Chinese ethnicity, have initiated smoking at a later age, be better educated, and have lower Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence scores. After adjusting for these factors, patients with a cardiovascular admission diagnosis had a significantly higher probability of quitting tobacco use than patients with a respiratory or other diagnosis.
Conclusions
In patients acutely admitted to the hospital, a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease was associated with the highest quit rate. Smoking cessation interventions need to be incorporated into all cardiovascular disease treatment pathways to leverage the patient’s motivation and to improve the quit rate. In addition, patients in groups with lower quit rates may benefit from more intensive programmes to increase the rate of successful cessation.; Summary

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