1Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
2Cancer Risk Appraisal & Prevention Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
Copyright © 2011 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The abstract of this study is published in the supplement to the February 2011 issue of the Journal of Adolescent Health and presented in a poster presentation on March 30th at the 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine Annual Meeting held in Seattle, WA, USA.
The authors have no conflicts of interest with the material presented in this paper.
This article is available at http://jpmph.org/.
Characteristic | n | Weighted % |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 39 278 | 53.0 |
Female | 35 960 | 47.0 |
Grade | ||
Middle school 1st | 13 037 | 17.2 |
Middle school 2nd | 13 056 | 17.2 |
Middle school 3rd | 12 850 | 17.3 |
High school 1st | 12 720 | 17.3 |
High school 2nd | 12 375 | 16.4 |
High school 3rd | 11 200 | 14.6 |
Self-rated school record | ||
High | 8669 | 11.5 |
Upper middle | 17 224 | 23.0 |
Middle | 20 578 | 27.4 |
Lower middle | 19 341 | 25.8 |
Low | 9426 | 12.3 |
Perceived socioeconomic status | ||
High | 4640 | 6.5 |
Upper middle | 16 161 | 22.5 |
Middle | 35 770 | 47.2 |
Lower middle | 13 692 | 17.6 |
Low | 4975 | 6.2 |
Asthma status1 | ||
Current | 2629 | 3.5 |
Former | 3250 | 4.5 |
Non | 69 359 | 92.0 |
Current cigarette use2 | ||
Yes | 9645 | 12.8 |
No | 65 593 | 87.2 |
Current frequent cigarette use3 | ||
Yes | 5720 | 7.8 |
No | 69 518 | 92.2 |
Current heavy cigarette use4 | ||
Yes | 2041 | 2.8 |
No | 73 197 | 97.2 |
Cigarette use before 13 years of age5 | ||
Yes | 6689 | 8.5 |
No | 68 489 | 91.5 |
Unknown | 60 | |
Considered attempting suicide6 | ||
Yes | 14 259 | 18.9 |
No | 60 979 | 81.1 |
Attempted suicide7 | ||
Yes | 3649 | 4.7 |
No | 71 589 | 95.3 |
1 Current asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, and had treatment for asthma during the past 12 months before the survey. Former asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, but had no treatment for asthma during the past 12 months before the survey. Non-asthmatics were defined as students who had never been diagnosed with asthma by a physician.
2 Smoked cigarettes on one or more days during the past 30 days before the survey.
3 Smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days during the past 30 days before the survey.
4 Smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes per day during the past 30 days before the survey.
5 Tried cigarette smoking even one or two puffs for the first time before 13 years of age.
6 Seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months before the survey.
7 Attempted suicide during the past 12 months before the survey.
Asthma status |
|||
---|---|---|---|
Current | Former | Non | |
Cigarette use behaviors (95% CI) | |||
Current cigarette use3 | |||
Weighted % | 15.2 (13.4 - 17.0) | 16.2 (14.5 - 17.9) | 12.5 (11.8 - 13.2) |
Adjusted OR | 1.25 (1.06 - 1.48) | 1.30 (1.13 - 1.49) | 1.00 |
Current frequent cigarette use4 | |||
Weighted % | 8.6 (7.1 - 10.0) | 10.8 (9.4 - 12.3) | 7.6 (7.0 - 8.1) |
Adjusted OR | 1.15 (0.93 - 1.42) | 1.45 (1.20 - 1.74) | 1.00 |
Current heavy cigarette use5 | |||
Weighted % | 4.7 (3.7 - 5.7) | 5.5 (4.3 - 6.7) | 2.6 (2.3 - 2.8) |
Adjusted OR | 1.93 (1.51 - 2.46) | 2.14 (1.62 - 2.84) | 1.00 |
Cigarette use before 13 years of age6 | |||
Weighted % | 10.1 (8.7 - 11.5) | 11.6 (9.9 - 13.4) | 8.3 (8.0 - 8.6) |
Adjusted OR | 1.13 (0.95 - 1.33) | 1.35 (1.14 - 1.61) | 1.00 |
Suicidal behaviors (95% CI) | |||
Considered attempting suicide7 | |||
Weighted % | 22.7 (20.5 - 25.0) | 24.0 (22.1 - 25.8) | 18.6 (18.1 - 19.0) |
Adjusted OR | 1.36 (1.19 - 1.55) | 1.40 (1.27 - 1.54) | 1.00 |
Attempted suicide8 | |||
Weighted % | 6.8 (5.6 - 8.0) | 6.9 (5.8 - 8.1) | 4.5 (4.3 - 4.7) |
Adjusted OR | 1.55 (1.25 - 1.92) | 1.54 (1.29 - 1.84) | 1.00 |
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.
1 Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs of cigarette use and suicidal behaviors, after adjusting for gender, grade, self-rated school records, perceived socioeconomic status, current alcohol use, and/or current cigarette use, and/or suicidal ideation.
2 Current asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, and had treatment for asthma during the past 12 months before the survey. Former asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, but had no treatment for asthma during the past 12 months before the survey. Non-asthmatics were defined as students who had never been diagnosed with asthma by a physician.
3 Smoked cigarettes on one or more days during the past 30 days before the survey.
4 Smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days during the past 30 days before the survey.
5 Smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes per day during the past 30 days before the survey.
6 Tried cigarette smoking even one or two puffs for the first time before 13 years of age.
7 Seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months before the survey.
8 Attempted suicide during the past 12 months before the survey.
Suicidal ideation (+) |
Suicidal ideation (-) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ever-asthmatics | Never-asthmatics | Ever-asthmatics | Never-asthmatics | |
Current cigarette use4 (95% CI) | ||||
Weighted % | 25.2 (22.2 - 28.5) | 18.0 (16.9 - 19.1) | 12.9 (11.7 - 14.2) | 11.3 (10.6 - 11.9) |
Adjusted OR | 2.61 (2.15 - 3.16) | 1.56 (1.45 - 1.68) | 1.14 (1.00 - 1.30) | 1.00 |
pinteraction8 = 0.002 | ||||
Current frequent cigarette use5 (95% CI) | ||||
Weighted % | 16.1 (13.5 - 19.1) | 10.6 (9.7 - 11.5) | 7.9 (7.0 - 9.0) | 6.9 (6.4 - 7.5) |
Adjusted OR | 2.55 (1.98 - 3.29) | 1.43 (1.30 - 1.57) | 1.14 (0.97 - 1.34) | 1.00 |
pinteraction8 = 0.003 | ||||
Current heavy cigarette use6 (95% CI) | ||||
Weighted % | 10.4 (8.1 - 13.2) | 4.3 (3.8 - 4.9) | 3.6 (3.0 - 4.3) | 2.2 (1.9 - 2.4) |
Adjusted OR | 5.31 (3.81 - 7.40) | 1.83 (1.60 - 2.10) | 1.67 (1.32 - 2.11) | 1.00 |
pinteraction8 = 0.005 | ||||
Cigarette use before 13 years of age7 (95% CI) | ||||
Weighted % | 18.1 (15.0 - 21.6) | 12.7 (11.9 - 13.4) | 8.8 (7.9 - 9.8) | 7.3 (7.0 - 7.6) |
Adjusted OR | 2.49 (1.99 - 3.12) | 1.68 (1.55 - 1.83) | 1.15 (1.02 - 1.31) | 1.00 |
pinteraction8 = 0.035 |
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.
1 Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs of cigarette use behaviors, after adjusting for gender, grade, self-rated school records, perceived socioeconomic status, and current alcohol use.
2 Ever-asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. Never-asthmatics were defined as students who had never been diagnosed with asthma by a physician.
3 Seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months before the survey.
4 Smoked cigarettes on one or more days during the past 30 days before the survey.
5 Smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days during the past 30 days before the survey.
6 Smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes per day during the past 30 days before the survey.
7 Tried cigarette smoking even one or two puffs for the first time before 13 years of age.
8 Likelihood ratio tests.
Characteristic | n | Weighted % |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 39 278 | 53.0 |
Female | 35 960 | 47.0 |
Grade | ||
Middle school 1st | 13 037 | 17.2 |
Middle school 2nd | 13 056 | 17.2 |
Middle school 3rd | 12 850 | 17.3 |
High school 1st | 12 720 | 17.3 |
High school 2nd | 12 375 | 16.4 |
High school 3rd | 11 200 | 14.6 |
Self-rated school record | ||
High | 8669 | 11.5 |
Upper middle | 17 224 | 23.0 |
Middle | 20 578 | 27.4 |
Lower middle | 19 341 | 25.8 |
Low | 9426 | 12.3 |
Perceived socioeconomic status | ||
High | 4640 | 6.5 |
Upper middle | 16 161 | 22.5 |
Middle | 35 770 | 47.2 |
Lower middle | 13 692 | 17.6 |
Low | 4975 | 6.2 |
Asthma status |
||
Current | 2629 | 3.5 |
Former | 3250 | 4.5 |
Non | 69 359 | 92.0 |
Current cigarette use |
||
Yes | 9645 | 12.8 |
No | 65 593 | 87.2 |
Current frequent cigarette use |
||
Yes | 5720 | 7.8 |
No | 69 518 | 92.2 |
Current heavy cigarette use |
||
Yes | 2041 | 2.8 |
No | 73 197 | 97.2 |
Cigarette use before 13 years of age |
||
Yes | 6689 | 8.5 |
No | 68 489 | 91.5 |
Unknown | 60 | |
Considered attempting suicide |
||
Yes | 14 259 | 18.9 |
No | 60 979 | 81.1 |
Attempted suicide |
||
Yes | 3649 | 4.7 |
No | 71 589 | 95.3 |
Asthma status |
|||
---|---|---|---|
Current | Former | Non | |
Cigarette use behaviors (95% CI) | |||
Current cigarette use |
|||
Weighted % | 15.2 (13.4 - 17.0) | 16.2 (14.5 - 17.9) | 12.5 (11.8 - 13.2) |
Adjusted OR | 1.25 (1.06 - 1.48) | 1.30 (1.13 - 1.49) | 1.00 |
Current frequent cigarette use |
|||
Weighted % | 8.6 (7.1 - 10.0) | 10.8 (9.4 - 12.3) | 7.6 (7.0 - 8.1) |
Adjusted OR | 1.15 (0.93 - 1.42) | 1.45 (1.20 - 1.74) | 1.00 |
Current heavy cigarette use |
|||
Weighted % | 4.7 (3.7 - 5.7) | 5.5 (4.3 - 6.7) | 2.6 (2.3 - 2.8) |
Adjusted OR | 1.93 (1.51 - 2.46) | 2.14 (1.62 - 2.84) | 1.00 |
Cigarette use before 13 years of age |
|||
Weighted % | 10.1 (8.7 - 11.5) | 11.6 (9.9 - 13.4) | 8.3 (8.0 - 8.6) |
Adjusted OR | 1.13 (0.95 - 1.33) | 1.35 (1.14 - 1.61) | 1.00 |
Suicidal behaviors (95% CI) | |||
Considered attempting suicide |
|||
Weighted % | 22.7 (20.5 - 25.0) | 24.0 (22.1 - 25.8) | 18.6 (18.1 - 19.0) |
Adjusted OR | 1.36 (1.19 - 1.55) | 1.40 (1.27 - 1.54) | 1.00 |
Attempted suicide |
|||
Weighted % | 6.8 (5.6 - 8.0) | 6.9 (5.8 - 8.1) | 4.5 (4.3 - 4.7) |
Adjusted OR | 1.55 (1.25 - 1.92) | 1.54 (1.29 - 1.84) | 1.00 |
Suicidal ideation (+) |
Suicidal ideation (-) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ever-asthmatics | Never-asthmatics | Ever-asthmatics | Never-asthmatics | |
Current cigarette use |
||||
Weighted % | 25.2 (22.2 - 28.5) | 18.0 (16.9 - 19.1) | 12.9 (11.7 - 14.2) | 11.3 (10.6 - 11.9) |
Adjusted OR | 2.61 (2.15 - 3.16) | 1.56 (1.45 - 1.68) | 1.14 (1.00 - 1.30) | 1.00 |
pinteraction |
||||
Current frequent cigarette use |
||||
Weighted % | 16.1 (13.5 - 19.1) | 10.6 (9.7 - 11.5) | 7.9 (7.0 - 9.0) | 6.9 (6.4 - 7.5) |
Adjusted OR | 2.55 (1.98 - 3.29) | 1.43 (1.30 - 1.57) | 1.14 (0.97 - 1.34) | 1.00 |
pinteraction |
||||
Current heavy cigarette use |
||||
Weighted % | 10.4 (8.1 - 13.2) | 4.3 (3.8 - 4.9) | 3.6 (3.0 - 4.3) | 2.2 (1.9 - 2.4) |
Adjusted OR | 5.31 (3.81 - 7.40) | 1.83 (1.60 - 2.10) | 1.67 (1.32 - 2.11) | 1.00 |
pinteraction |
||||
Cigarette use before 13 years of age |
||||
Weighted % | 18.1 (15.0 - 21.6) | 12.7 (11.9 - 13.4) | 8.8 (7.9 - 9.8) | 7.3 (7.0 - 7.6) |
Adjusted OR | 2.49 (1.99 - 3.12) | 1.68 (1.55 - 1.83) | 1.15 (1.02 - 1.31) | 1.00 |
pinteraction |
Current asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, and had treatment for asthma during the past 12 months before the survey. Former asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, but had no treatment for asthma during the past 12 months before the survey. Non-asthmatics were defined as students who had never been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. Smoked cigarettes on one or more days during the past 30 days before the survey. Smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days during the past 30 days before the survey. Smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes per day during the past 30 days before the survey. Tried cigarette smoking even one or two puffs for the first time before 13 years of age. Seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months before the survey. Attempted suicide during the past 12 months before the survey.
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs of cigarette use and suicidal behaviors, after adjusting for gender, grade, self-rated school records, perceived socioeconomic status, current alcohol use, and/or current cigarette use, and/or suicidal ideation. Current asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, and had treatment for asthma during the past 12 months before the survey. Former asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician, but had no treatment for asthma during the past 12 months before the survey. Non-asthmatics were defined as students who had never been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. Smoked cigarettes on one or more days during the past 30 days before the survey. Smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days during the past 30 days before the survey. Smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes per day during the past 30 days before the survey. Tried cigarette smoking even one or two puffs for the first time before 13 years of age. Seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months before the survey. Attempted suicide during the past 12 months before the survey.
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs of cigarette use behaviors, after adjusting for gender, grade, self-rated school records, perceived socioeconomic status, and current alcohol use. Ever-asthmatics were defined as students who had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. Never-asthmatics were defined as students who had never been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. Seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months before the survey. Smoked cigarettes on one or more days during the past 30 days before the survey. Smoked cigarettes on 20 or more days during the past 30 days before the survey. Smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes per day during the past 30 days before the survey. Tried cigarette smoking even one or two puffs for the first time before 13 years of age. Likelihood ratio tests.