Figure 1Injury risk (adjusted odds ratio) of sleep duration.
Table 1.Sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of the study population
Variables |
|
Total |
Injury (% of injury population) |
p-value |
Total |
|
213 274 |
10 523 (5.0) |
|
Age (y) |
19-29 |
26 627 |
1285 (4.8) |
0.16 |
30-39 |
37 784 |
1720 (4.6) |
|
40-49 |
42 901 |
2028 (4.7) |
|
50-59 |
39 621 |
1890 (4.8) |
|
60-69 |
33 407 |
1693 (5.1) |
|
≥70 |
32 934 |
1851 (5.6) |
|
Gender |
Male |
97 113 |
5090 (5.2) |
<0.001 |
Female |
116 161 |
5377 (4.6) |
|
Occupation |
Low injury risk |
40 044 |
1658 (4.1) |
<0.001 |
High Injury risk |
88 264 |
4670 (5.3) |
|
Other |
84 966 |
4139 (4.9) |
|
Education |
Uneducated and elementary |
58 998 |
3260 (5.5) |
<0.001 |
Middle and high |
97 418 |
4808 (4.9) |
|
College or university |
56 858 |
2399 (4.2) |
|
Region |
Metropolitan area |
66 264 |
3129 (4.7) |
0.008 |
Provincal area |
147 010 |
7338 (5.0) |
|
Smoking |
Non-smoker |
166 213 |
7787 (4.7) |
<0.001 |
Current smoker |
47 061 |
2680 (5.7) |
|
Alcohol |
Non-drinking |
76 061 |
3583 (4.7) |
0.012 |
Normal drinking |
110 333 |
5052 (4.6) |
|
Problem drinking |
9617 |
543 (5.6) |
|
Alcohol abuse |
15 824 |
1129 (7.1) |
|
Alcohol dependence |
1439 |
160 (11.1) |
|
Body mass index |
Underweight |
19 458 |
1002 (5.1) |
0.005 |
Normal |
96 400 |
4520 (4.7) |
|
Overweight |
49 336 |
2407 (4.9) |
|
Obesity |
48 050 |
2 538 (5.3) |
|
Hypertension |
Yes |
44 960 |
2457 (5.5) |
<0.001 |
No |
168 314 |
8010 (4.8) |
|
Diabetes mellitus |
Yes |
16 969 |
1033 (6.1) |
<0.001 |
No |
196 305 |
9434 (4.8) |
|
Arthritis |
Yes |
27 837 |
1774 (6.4) |
<0.001 |
No |
185 437 |
8693 (4.7) |
|
Depression |
Yes |
4918 |
422 (8.6) |
<0.001 |
No |
208 356 |
10 045 (4.8) |
|
Sleep duration (h) |
≤4 |
7523 |
533 (7.1) |
<0.001 |
5 |
23 314 |
1342 (5.8) |
|
6 |
59 342 |
2955 (5.0) |
|
7 |
69 290 |
3051 (4.4) |
|
8 |
43 902 |
1994 (4.5) |
|
9 |
5573 |
303 (5.4) |
|
≥10 |
4330 |
292 (6.7) |
|
Table 2.
T-tests between the injury-experienced group and injury non-experienced group for mean sleep duration time by subgroup
Variables |
Sleep duration time (mean±SD)
|
p-value |
Injury |
Non-injury |
|
Total |
|
6.64±1.35 |
6.72±1.23 |
<0.001 |
Age (y) |
19-29 |
6.93±1.34 |
6.97±1.19 |
0.30 |
30-39 |
6.75±1.17 |
6.83±1.07 |
0.007 |
40-49 |
6.55±1.17 |
6.67±1.07 |
<0.001 |
50-59 |
6.51±1.25 |
6.64±1.17 |
<0.001 |
60-69 |
6.54±1.38 |
6.61±1.32 |
0.07 |
≥70 |
6.67±1.67 |
6.68±1.55 |
0.68 |
Gender |
Male |
6.70±1.30 |
6.73±1.19 |
0.11 |
Female |
6.59±1.39 |
6.71±1.27 |
<0.001 |
Occupation |
Low injury risk |
6.58±1.10 |
6.64±1.00 |
0.02 |
High Injury risk |
6.63±1.25 |
6.67±1.16 |
0.02 |
Other |
6.68±1.53 |
6.81±1.39 |
<0.001 |
Education |
Uneducated and elementary |
6.60±1.52 |
6.64±1.45 |
0.11 |
Middle and high |
6.68±1.30 |
6.76±1.19 |
<0.001 |
College or university |
6.62±1.16 |
6.73±1.06 |
<0.001 |
Region |
Metropolitan area |
6.59±1.32 |
6.65±1.21 |
0.005 |
Provincal area |
6.67±1.35 |
6.75±1.24 |
<0.001 |
Smoking |
Non-smoker |
6.65±1.31 |
6.70±1.20 |
0.05 |
Current smoker |
6.64±1.36 |
6.73±1.24 |
<0.001 |
Alcohol |
Non-drinking |
6.63±1.48 |
6.71±1.35 |
0.001 |
Normal drinking |
6.66±1.25 |
6.74±1.15 |
<0.001 |
Problem drinking |
6.64±1.28 |
6.68±1.15 |
0.42 |
Alcohol abuse |
6.61±1.30 |
6.66±1.21 |
0.27 |
Alcohol dependence |
6.46±1.64 |
6.56±1.49 |
0.39 |
Body mass index |
Underweight |
6.70±1.58 |
6.76±1.46 |
0.22 |
Normal |
6.70±1.34 |
6.76±1.21 |
0.002 |
Overweight |
6.62±1.28 |
6.68±1.18 |
0.014 |
Obesity |
6.55±1.30 |
6.66±1.23 |
<0.001 |
Hypertension |
Yes |
6.55±1.48 |
6.62±1.38 |
0.012 |
No |
6.67±1.30 |
6.75±1.19 |
<0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus |
Yes |
6.62±1.54 |
6.73±1.44 |
0.030 |
No |
6.64±1.32 |
6.72±1.22 |
<0.001 |
Arthritis |
Yes |
6.45±1.50 |
6.51±1.43 |
0.09 |
No |
6.68±1.31 |
6.75±1.20 |
<0.001 |
Depression |
Yes |
6.41±1.64 |
6.48±1.70 |
0.40 |
No |
6.65±1.33 |
6.73±1.22 |
<0.001 |
Table 3.Result of logistic regression analysis predicting injury risk, adjusting for significant covariates
|
|
aOR1 (95% CI) |
Independent variable
|
|
|
Sleep duration (h) (ref: 7) |
≤4 |
1.527 (1.343, 1.735) |
5 |
1.281 (1.177, 1.394) |
6 |
1.111 (1.040, 1.187) |
8 |
0.982 (0.909, 1.061) |
9 |
1.120 (0.947, 1.324) |
≥10 |
1.480 (1.241, 1.765) |
Control variables
|
|
|
Age (y) (ref: 30-39) |
19-29 |
1.103 (1.008, 1.207) |
40-49 |
0.952 (0.877, 1.033) |
50-59 |
0.907 (0.829, 0.992) |
60-69 |
0.849 (0.762, 0.947) |
≥70 |
0.877 (0.774, 0.993) |
Gender (ref: female) |
Male |
1.006 (0.943, 1.075) |
Occupation (ref: injury low risk) |
High injury risk |
1.202 (1.111, 1.299) |
Other |
1.088 (0.998, 1.186) |
Education (ref: college or university) |
Uneducated and elementary |
1.263 (1.137, 1.403) |
Middle and high |
1.125 (1.049, 1.207) |
Region (ref: metropolitan area) |
Provincal area |
1.034 (0.980, 1.090) |
Smoking (ref: non-smoker) |
Current smoker |
1.139 (1.063, 1.220) |
Alcohol (ref: non-drinking) |
Normal drinking |
1.081 (1.015, 1.152) |
Problem drinking |
1.334 (1.178, 1.511) |
Alcohol abuse |
1.572 (1.422, 1.738) |
Alcohol dependence |
2.312 (1.871, 2.858) |
Body mass index (ref: normal) |
Underweight |
1.057 (0.955, 1.169) |
Overweight |
1.018 (0.951, 1.089) |
Obesity |
1.037 (0.969, 1.110) |
Hypertension (ref: no) |
Yes |
1.038 (0.964, 1.117) |
Diabetes mellitus (ref: no) |
Yes |
1.135 (1.032, 1.247) |
Arthritis (ref: no) |
Yes |
1.390 (1.276, 1.514) |
Depression (ref: no) |
Yes |
1.708 (1.499, 1.946) |