Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Assessing Hospital Surgical Functions in Korea: A Functional Analysis Using the Disease Control Priorities, 3rd Edition Essential Surgery List (2013-2022): Haibin Bai, Jin-Hwan Kim, Yukyung Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):635-646. Published online September 23, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.407

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Korea has achieved near-universal health coverage through a predominantly privatized healthcare system. However, this structural fragmentation has created significant ambiguity regarding the roles of different healthcare organizations, particularly in ensuring equitable provision of essential surgical services across geographic and institutional boundaries.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using the full national health insurance claims database provided by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (2013-2022). Essential surgical procedures from the Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition Essential Surgery List were mapped to insurance claims codes, and their provision was analyzed across healthcare facilities and regions. Functional capacity was defined using minimum annual volume thresholds of 12, 24, 60, and 120 procedures.
Results
Essential surgery more than doubled between 2013 and 2022, increasing from 2.79 million to nearly 6 million cases. Superior general hospitals and general hospitals consistently delivered high volumes of essential surgeries, while hospital-level facilities experienced marked functional decline, particularly in obstetric services. We observed increasing centralization of surgical services in higher-tier and metropolitan facilities, alongside selective decentralization for lower-risk procedures such as cataract surgery. Regional disparities were especially pronounced for obstetric care.
Conclusions
Functional capacity for essential surgery remains highly uneven across hospitals and regions, undermining equitable access. Policy efforts should focus on strengthening lower-tier hospitals in underserved areas and implementing minimum functionality standards tailored to local needs. Clarifying institutional roles within Korea’s mixed healthcare system is essential to improving accountability and ensuring equitable distribution of essential surgical services.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 DCP3 Essential Surgery List를 한국의 건강보험 청구자료(2013–2022)에 적용하여 필수수술 제공기관의 기능적 변화를 평가하였다. 전체 필수수술 건수는 크게 증가했음에도 불구하고 이를 제공하는 의료기관 수는 지속적으로 감소하며 지역 간 격차도 확대되고 있었다. 필수수술 접근성을 강화하기 위해서는 우선 의료기관 수준별로 제공해야 할 필수 기능을 명확히 규정하는 정책적 가이드가 필요하며, 이를 기반으로 지역 단위의 종합병원·병원급 기능을 지속적으로 모니터링하고 관리하는 체계를 마련해야 한다.

Key Message
This study applies the DCP3 Essential Surgery List to South Korea’s national health insurance claims data (2013–2022) and shows that, despite a substantial rise in essential surgery volumes, the number of institutions providing these procedures has declined, widening regional disparities. Strengthening access to essential surgery requires first establishing clear guidance on the functions expected at each level of care, followed by systematic monitoring to ensure that general and hospital-level facilities maintain the capacity to deliver these core services. Such a combined approach is critical for securing equitable and regionally sustained surgical access.

Relationship Between Social Isolation, Seclusion, and Suicidal Ideation Among Young Adults: An Analysis of Data From the 2022 Survey on the Lives of Young People in Korea: Jiwon Shin, Hyun Yang, Mu Won Lee, Hae Yean Park, Suyeong Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):496-504. Published online May 8, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.792

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the current status of social isolation and seclusion among young adults in Korea and to analyze their association with suicide risk.
Methods
We utilized data from 14 966 young adults aged 19-34 years from the 2022 Survey on the Lives of Young People. Social isolation and seclusion were defined as independent variables, and suicidal ideation within the past year was set as the dependent variable. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to reduce the risk of selection bias, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between social isolation, seclusion, and suicidal ideation.
Results
Of the participants, 266 individuals (1.8%) were socially isolated, and 67 individuals (0.5%) were secluded. Associations were observed between social isolation and suicidal ideation (population-weighted adjusted model: odds ratio [OR], 2.43, p=0.003; population-weighted PSM model: OR, 2.03, p=0.037), as well as between seclusion and suicidal ideation (population-weighted adjusted model: OR, 4.15, p=0.004; population-weighted PSM model: OR, 3.87, p=0.010) across all models.
Conclusions
Being socially isolated or secluded is associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation among young adults aged 19-34 years. Preventive policies and tailored support systems are urgently needed to address these risks. This study contributes to the development of specific policies for mitigating social isolation and supporting the reintegration of young adults aged 19-34 years into society.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2022년 청년 삶 실태조사 원자료를 이용하여 한국 청년의 사회적 고립·은둔과 자살 생각의 연관성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 사회적으로 고립되거나 은둔하는 청년은 그렇지 않은 청년에 비해 자살 생각을 할 위험이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고립·은둔 청년들의 자살 위험성을 확인하고, 이들의 사회 재통합을 돕기 위한 예방적 정책과 맞춤형 지원 시스템 마련이 시급함을 시사한다.

Key Message
Using data from the 2022 Survey on the Lives of Young People, this study demonstrates that young adults (aged 19-34) in Korea experiencing social isolation or seclusion face a significantly increased risk of suicidal ideation. These findings identify socially isolated and secluded young people as a critical high-risk group for suicide. This underscores the urgent need for proactive public health policies and tailored support systems to prevent suicide by addressing social isolation and seclusion and promoting societal reintegration among this vulnerable population.

Longitudinal Effects of Life Satisfaction on Smoking Status of Korean Adult Men: Baksun Sung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):388-395. Published online April 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.664

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
The prevalence of smoking among adult men remains high in Korea. Additionally, life satisfaction can influence health behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal effects of life satisfaction on smoking status among Korean adult men.
Methods
This study utilized panel data from wave 1 (2005) to wave 12 (2016) of the Korea Welfare Panel Study. Life satisfaction was measured using 8 variables, representing satisfaction with leisure, social relations, family relations, health, job, family income, residential environment, and overall life. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess the causal relationship between life satisfaction and smoking status.
Results
Over the 11-year follow-up period, improved leisure satisfaction was associated with a decreased hazard of smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; p<0.01). In contrast, greater satisfaction with social relations was linked to an increased hazard (HR, 1.23; p<0.05). Improved satisfaction with family relations was associated with a decreased hazard of smoking (HR, 0.84; p<0.05).
Conclusions
Certain life satisfaction variables appear to influence the incidence of smoking among Korean adult men.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 한국복지패널(2005년-2016년)을 이용해서 20세 ~ 64세 한국 성인 남성들의 삶의 만족도가 흡연여부에 미치는 종단적 효과를 분석하였다. 11년 동안 추적조사 한 결과, 다양한 삶의 만족도 변수들에 따라 흡연위험이 다르다는 것이 확인되었다. 구체적으로, 여가생활 만족도 또는 가족관계 만족도가 개선되면 흡연위험이 감소하였다. 대조적으로, 사회관계 만족도가 개선되면 흡연위험이 증가하였다. 이러한 인과관계들은 한국의 사회문화적 요소들과 얽혀 있는 것으로 추정된다.

Key Message
This longitudinal study's results demonstrated that over the 11-year follow-up period (2005-2016), the risk of smoking varied between different types of life satisfaction among Korean adult men (aged 20-64 years). Specifically, the risk of smoking decreased as satisfaction with leisure or family relations improved. In contrast, the risk of smoking increased as social relations satisfaction improved. Socio-cultural factors appear intertwined with these causal relationships.

Necessity of Analyzing the Korea Community Health Survey Using 7 Local Government Types: Seowoo Park, Haibin Bai, Jae-ryun Lee, Soomin Kim, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):83-91. Published online November 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.388

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study examined the potential of a new analytical framework for the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) with classification criteria for the sub-national governmental level, the degree of urbanization including an urban-rural multimodal category, and population size as a more effective tool to address local health problems and deduce practical implications.
Methods
Retrospective survey data from 2023 KCHS were obtained. Frequency analyses were performed for self-rated good health status, current smoking status, and unmet medical needs as proxies for health status, as well as health behavior and healthcare utilization, utilizing individual weights to represent national community residents.
Results
We established a new classification of local governments into 7 types to facilitate regional comparisons. These local government types are presumably composed of populations showing statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics. There were evident differences in health status, health behavior, and healthcare utilization in comparisons of groups categorized by local government types.
Conclusions
This study suggests that regional disparities can be analyzed using a new typology of local governments. This practically effective approach could be used in decision-making for community-centered health projects in terms of community health planning. Future research should conduct analyses of KCHS data that use these 7 local government types to comprehensively reflect regional characteristics.; Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 지방자치단체 층위와 도·농복합시를 포함한 도시화 정도, 인구 규모를 고려한 분류 기준을 사용하여 지역사회건강조사(KCHS)에 대한 새로운 분석틀의 가능성을 검토한다. 기초 지방자치단체 7가지 유형으로 분류했을 때, 연구 대상자 집단은 인구 통계학적 특성에 대해 유의미하게 달랐으며 건강 상태, 건강 행태 및 의료 이용에 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 이 연구는 지역보건의료계획 측면에서 지역사회 중심 건강증진사업에 대한 의사 결정에 실질적으로 효과적인 접근 방법이 될 수 있는 기초 지방자치단체의 새로운 유형을 제안한다.

Key Message
This study examines the potential of a new analytical framework for the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) with classification criteria for the sub-national governmental level, the degree of urbanization including an urban-rural multimodal category, and population size. In comparisons of groups categorized by 7 local government types, populations were significantly different considering demographic characteristics and there were evident differences in health status, health behavior, and healthcare utilization. This study suggests a new typology of local governments which could be a practically effective approach in decision-making for community-centered health projects in terms of community health planning.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Admissions and In-hospital Mortality of Patients With Stroke in Korea: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis: Youngs Chang, Soo-Hee Hwang, Haibin Bai, Seowoo Park, Eunbyul Cho, Dohoung Kim, Hyejin Lee, Jin Yong Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):60-71. Published online October 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.432

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on admission rates and in-hospital mortality among patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Methods
We constructed a dataset detailing the monthly hospitalizations and mortality rates of inpatients with stroke from January 2017 to December 2021. Employing an interrupted time series analysis, we explored the impact of COVID-19 on hospitalizations and 30-day in-hospital mortality among stroke patients.
Results
The number of ischemic stroke admissions decreased by 18.5%, from 5335 to 4348, immediately following the COVID-19 outbreak (p<0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate for ischemic stroke increased slightly from 3.3% to 3.4% immediately after the outbreak, although it showed a decreasing trend over time. The number of hemorrhagic stroke admissions fell by 7.5%, from 2014 to 1864, immediately following the COVID-19 outbreak. The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate for hemorrhagic stroke initially decreased from 12.9% to 12.7%, but subsequently showed an increasing trend.
Conclusions
We confirmed that COVID-19 impacted both the admission and death rates of stroke patients. The admission rate for both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes decreased, while in-hospital mortality increased. Specifically, in-hospital mortality from ischemic stroke rose initially after the outbreak before stabilizing. Additionally, our findings indicate variable effects based on sex, age, and socioeconomic status, suggesting that certain groups may be more susceptible. This underscores the need to identify and support vulnerable populations to mitigate adverse health outcomes.

Summary

Korean summary
국민건강보험공단 데이터베이스를 자료원으로 하고 ITS 분석을 실시하여 코로나19가 뇌졸중 환자의 입원 및 30일 내 사망률에 미치는 영향을 조사했습니다. 그 결과 코로나19가 뇌졸중 환자의 입원율과 사망률에 모두 영향을 미친다는 사실을 확인했습니다. 특히, 75세 이상과 의료급여 수급자의 허혈성 및 출혈성 뇌졸중 입원율이 감소한 것으로 나타났습니다.

Key Message
Employing an interrupted time series analysis, we explored the impact of COVID-19 on hospitalizations and 30-day in-hospital mortality among stroke patients using the National Health Insurance Service Database. We confirmed that COVID-19 impacted both the admission and death rates of stroke patients. Specifically, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke admission rates decreased among individuals over 75 and MA beneficiaries.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Who Dies Alone? Demographics, Underlying Diseases, and Healthcare Utilization Patterns of Lonely Death Individuals in Korea
Haibin Bai, Jae-ryun Lee, Min Jung Kang, Young-Ho Jun, Hye Yeon Koo, Jieun Yun, Jee Hoon Sohn, Jin Yong Lee, Hyejin Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(2): 218. CrossRef

Assessing COVID-19 Vulnerability Among HIV-positive Men Who Have Sex With Men in Korea: The Role of Vaccination and Sexual Behaviors: Minsoo Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):370-378. Published online June 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.196

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Comorbidities increase susceptibility to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, but limited information has been published regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and COVID-19 co-infections. This study explored the relationships among socioeconomic characteristics, sexual behaviors, and COVID-19 infection rates among Korean men who have sex with men (MSM) who are also living with HIV.
Methods
Data were collected through a web survey aimed at members of the largest gay portal site in Korea, supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (n=1005). The primary independent variables included COVID-19-related vaccinations and sexual behaviors. The dependent variable was the incidence of COVID-19 infection among respondents during the pandemic. For statistical analysis, hierarchical multiple logistic regression was performed, controlling for potential confounding variables.
Results
Model I indicated that older MSM were less likely to contract COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96 to 0.99). Model II demonstrated that HIV-positive MSM were nearly twice as likely to be infected with COVID-19 compared to their HIV-negative counterparts (aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.41). Furthermore, even after accounting for COVID-19 vaccination status in model III, HIV-positive MSM continued to show a higher risk of infection (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.35).
Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that HIV-positive MSM are at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19, even when their vaccination status is considered. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the prevention of COVID-19 infections in HIV-positive individuals by administering appropriate antiretroviral therapy and ensuring adherence to public health guidelines.; Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 한국의 HIV 양성인 남성 동성애자(MSM)가 코로나-19 백신접종을 했어도 HIV 음성인 MSM에 비하여 COVID-19에 감염될 위험이 더 높다는 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 항레트로바이러스 요법의 준수나 촉진과 더불어 이들 취약 계층을 위한 COVID-19 예방조치 강화와 맞춤형 공중보건 전략의 필요성을 강조한다.

Key Message
This study found that HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Korea are at a heightened risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to HIV-negative individuals, even when vaccination status is accounted for. This finding underscore the necessity of targeted public health strategies, including the promotion of adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the reinforcement of COVID-19 prevention measures for this vulnerable population.

Scoping Review

Assessment of Epidemiological Data and Surveillance in Korea Substance Use Research: Insights and Future Directions: Meekang Sung, Vaughan W. Rees, Hannah Lee, Mohammad S. Jalali; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):307-318. Published online June 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.171

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Effective data collection and surveillance of epidemiological trends are essential in confronting the growing challenges associated with substance use (SU), especially in light of emerging trends and underreporting of cases. However, research and data are scarce regarding SU and substance use disorder (SUD) in Korea.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review to identify data sources and surveillance methods used in SU research in Korea up to December 2023. This review was complemented by semi-structured consultations with experts in this area in Korea, whose feedback led to revisions of previously identified data sources and assessments.
Results
Our review identified 32 publications conducting secondary analyses on existing data to examine the epidemiology of SU and SUD in Korea. Of these, 14 studies utilized clinical databases to explore the prescription patterns of addictive substances, particularly opioids. Eleven data sources showed promise for advancing SU research; however, they face substantial limitations, including a lack of available data, missing data, the absence of key variables, the exclusion of marginalized populations not captured within the clinical system, and complexities in matching individual-level data across time points and datasets.
Conclusions
Current surveillance methods for SU in Korea face considerable challenges in accessibility, usability, and standardization. Moreover, existing data repositories may fail to capture information on populations not served by clinical or judicial systems. To systematically improve surveillance approaches, it is necessary to develop a robust and nationally representative survey, refine the use of existing clinical data, and ensure the availability of data on treatment facilities.

Summary

Key Message
- A scoping review identified eleven promising data sources for substance use research in Korea but noted substantial challenges in current surveillance methods, particularly regarding accessibility, usability, and standardization.
- Existing data repositories often miss information on marginalized populations not served by clinical or judicial systems, and suffer from data gaps, missing key variables, and complexities in matching individual-level data over time.
- To address these issues, developing a robust, nationally representative survey, refining the use of existing clinical data, and ensuring data availability from treatment facilities are essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based and Colorimetric Technologies for Detecting Illicit Drugs and Environmental Toxins
Md Imran Hossain, Dong Kee Yi, Sanghyo Kim
Applied Sciences.2026; 16(2): 693. CrossRef
Public discourse on substance use behavior as a driver of public policy: a scoping review of South Korean academic and official literature
Meekang Sung, Jihye Han, Carrie G. Wade, Vaughan W. Rees
Addiction Research & Theory.2025; 33(4): 312. CrossRef

Original Articles

Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea: Jongmin Oh, Youn-Hee Lim, Changwoo Han, Dong-Wook Lee, Jisun Myung, Yun-Chul Hong, Soontae Kim, Hyun-Joo Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):185-196. Published online March 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.514

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Excess mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been documented. However, research on the disease burden following short-term exposure is scarce. We investigated the cause-specific mortality burden of short-term exposure to PM_2.5 by considering the potential non-linear concentration–response relationship in Korea.
Methods
Daily cause-specific mortality rates and PM_2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2019 were collected for 8 Korean cities and 9 provinces. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM_2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality levels. We assumed no detrimental health effects of PM_2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m³. Overall deaths attributable to short-term PM_2.5 exposure were estimated by summing the daily numbers of excess deaths associated with ambient PM_2.5 exposure.
Results
Of the 2 749 704 recorded deaths, 2 453 686 (89.2%) were non-accidental, 591 267 (21.5%) were cardiovascular, and 141 066 (5.1%) were respiratory in nature. A non-linear relationship was observed between all-cause mortality and exposure to PM_2.5 at lag0, whereas linear associations were evident for cause-specific mortalities. Overall, 10 814 all-cause, 7855 non-accidental, 1642 cardiovascular, and 708 respiratory deaths were attributed to short-term exposure to PM_2.5. The estimated number of all-cause excess deaths due to short-term PM_2.5 exposure in 2019 was 1039 (95% confidence interval, 604 to 1472).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate an association between short-term PM_2.5 exposure and various mortality rates (all-cause, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Korea over the period from 2010 to 2019. Consequently, action plans should be developed to reduce deaths attributable to short-term exposure to PM_2.5.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2010~2019년 한국의 초미세먼지 단기 노출로 인한 사망 부담을 추정하였으며 2010~2019년간, 초미세먼지 단기노출로 인한 전체원인 사망은 10,814명, 비사고 사망은 7,855명, 심혈관 사망은 1,642명, 호흡기 사망은 708명으로 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대기오염 관리, 규제, 정책 수립에 있어 도움을 줄 것으로 예상한다.

Key Message
- We estimated mortality burden attributable to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 in Korea from 2010 to 2019 - Over the 10-years study period, the estimated excess deaths due to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 totaled 10,814 for all-causes, 7,855 for non-accidental, 1,642 for cardiovascular disease, and 708 for respiratory disease. - Our findings can assist in air pollution management, regulation, and policy-making.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Wintertime Trends of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in South Korea, 2012–2022: Response of Nitrate and Organic Components to Decreasing NOx Emissions
Drew C. Pendergrass, Daniel J. Jacob, Yujin J. Oak, Ruijun Dang, Laura Hyesung Yang, Ellie Beaudry, Nadia K. Colombi, Shixian Zhai, Hwajin Kim, Jin‐soo Choi, Jin‐soo Park, Soontae Kim, Ke Li, Hong Liao
Geophysical Research Letters.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of PM2.5 and particle constituents on overall, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Seoul
Oh Beom Kwon, Eun Ju Lee, Myoung Nam Lim, Young Ji Han, Jun Young Ahn, Hye Jung Shin, Jung Min Park, Jeeyoung Kim, Woo Jin Kim
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Trends in Research on Patients With COVID-19 in Korean Medical Journals: Heejeong Choi, Seunggwan Song, Heesang Ahn, Hyobean Yang, Hyeonseong Lim, Yohan Park, Juhyun Kim, Hongju Yong, Minseok Yoon, Mi Ah Han; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):47-54. Published online January 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.254

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study was conducted to systematically summarize trends in research concerning patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in Korean medical journals.
Methods
We performed a literature search of KoreaMed from January 2020 to September 2022. We included only primary studies of patients with COVID-19. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, then performed full-text screening, both independently and in duplicate. We first identified the 5 journals with the greatest numbers of eligible publications, then extracted data pertaining to the general characteristics, study population attributes, and research features of papers published in these journals.
Results
Our analysis encompassed 142 primary studies. Of these, approximately 41.0% reported a funding source, while 3.5% disclosed a conflict of interest. In 2020, 42.9% of studies included fewer than 10 participants; however, by 2022, the proportion of studies with over 200 participants had increased to 40.6%. The most common design was the cohort study (48.6%), followed by case reports/series (35.2%). Only 3 randomized controlled trials were identified. Studies most frequently focused on prognosis (58.5%), followed by therapy/intervention (20.4%). Regarding the type of intervention/exposure, therapeutic clinical interventions comprised 26.1%, while studies of morbidity accounted for 13.4%. As for the outcomes measured, 50.7% of studies assessed symptoms/clinical status/improvement, and 14.1% evaluated mortality.
Conclusions
Employing a systematic approach, we examined the characteristics of research involving patients with COVID-19 that was published in Korean medical journals from 2020 onward. Subsequent research should assess not only publication trends over a longer timeframe but also the quality of evidence provided.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2020년 이후 국내 의학저널에 보고된 코로나19 환자를 대상으로 진행된 연구의 특성을 체계적 방법론을 통해 살펴보았다. 142개 연구 중 5개는 국제 연구자들과 협력했으며 약 50%가 자금 지원에 관해 보고하였으며, 2022년에는 2020년에 비해 대규모 환자 코호트를 포함하는 연구 수가 증가하였다. 연구의 약 20%는 약물 치료와 같은 개입의 영향을 평가하였으며, 향후 연구에서는 장기간에 걸친 연구 경향 뿐만 아니라 연구의 질도 평가해야 할 것이다.

Key Message
This study employed a systematic approach to examine the characteristics of research conducted among patients with COVID-19, as reported in Korean medical journals from 2020 onward. Of 142 studies, 5 involved collaborations with international researchers, and approximately 50% made any declaration regarding funding, and By 2022, an increase was evident in the number of studies that included a large patient cohort relative to the year 2020. Roughly 20% of the studies assessed the impact of interventions, such as pharmaceutical treatments, and further research should assess not only publication trends over a longer timeframe but also the quality of evidence provided.

Behavioral Predictors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Korea: Minsoo Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):28-36. Published online November 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.381

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Objectives
This study investigated the impact of socioeconomic factors and sexual orientation-related attributes on the rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and infection among men who have sex with men (MSM).
Methods
A web-based survey, supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea, was conducted among paying members of the leading online portal for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) community in Korea. The study participants were MSM living in Korea (n=942). COVID-19 vaccination and infection were considered dependent variables, while sexual orientation-related characteristics and adherence to non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) practices served as primary independent variables. To ensure analytical precision, nested logistic regression analyses were employed. These were further refined by dividing respondents into 4 categories based on sexual orientation and disclosure (or “coming-out”) status.
Results
Among MSM, no definitive association was found between COVID-19 vaccination status and factors such as socioeconomic or sexual orientation-related attributes (with the latter including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] status, sexual orientation, and disclosure experience). However, key determinants influencing COVID-19 infection were identified. Notably, people living with HIV (PLWH) exhibited a statistically significant predisposition towards COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, greater adherence to NPI practices among MSM corresponded to a lower likelihood of COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
This study underscores the high susceptibility to COVID-19 among PLWH within the LGBTQ+ community relative to their healthy MSM counterparts. Consequently, it is crucial to advocate for tailored preventive strategies, including robust NPIs, to protect these at-risk groups. Such measures are essential in reducing the disparities that may emerge in a post–COVID-19 environment.

Summary

Korean summary
한국에서 남성 동성애자의 코로나-19 예방접종과 그들의 사회경제적 지위 또는 성적 지향과 관련된 요인 사이에는 명확한 연관성이 없었지만, HIV에 감염된 남성 동성애자는 코로나-19의 감염 위험이 유의미하게 높았다. 또한, 남성 동성애자의 비약물적 중재 실천율이 높을수록 그들의 코로나-19 감염 가능성은 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 이 연구는 LGBTQ+ 커뮤니티 내의 HIV 양성 동성애자와 같은 취약한 집단을 보호하고 포스트 코로나-19 환경에서 성 소수자 간의 건강 격차를 줄이기 위한 강력한 맞춤형 예방 전략의 필요성을 강조한다.

Key Message
While there were no clear associations between COVID-19 vaccination and socioeconomic or sexual orientation-related factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Korea, individuals living with HIV (PLWH) had a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 infection. Additionally, greater adherence to non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) practices was linked to a reduced likelihood of COVID-19 infection among MSM. This study emphasizes the need for tailored preventive strategies, including robust NPIs, to protect at-risk groups like PLWH within the LGBTQ+ community and reduce health disparities in a post-COVID-19 environment.

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Health of Korean sexual and gender minorities: a narrative review of quantitative studies
Heesung So, Ssirai Kim, Sun Young Lee
The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing COVID-19 Vulnerability Among HIV-positive Men Who Have Sex With Men in Korea: The Role of Vaccination and Sexual Behaviors
Minsoo Jung
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(4): 370. CrossRef

Brief Report

Characteristics and Health Care Spending of Persistently and Transiently High-cost Older Adults in Korea: Sungchul Park, Giryeon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):475-480. Published online September 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.270

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Objectives
This study examined differences in health care spending and characteristics among older adults in Korea by high-cost status (persistently, transiently, and never high-cost).
Methods
We identified 1 364 119 older adults using data from the Korean National Insurance Claims Database for 2017-2019. Outcomes included average annual total health care spending and high-cost status for 2017-2019. Linear regression was used to estimate differences in the outcomes while adjusting for individual-level characteristics.
Results
Persistently and transiently high-cost older adults had higher health care spending than never high-cost older adults, but the difference in health care spending was greater among persistently high-cost older adults than among transiently high-cost older adults (US$20 437 vs. 5486). Despite demographic and socioeconomic differences between transiently high-cost and never high-cost older adults, the presence of comorbid conditions remained the most significant factor. However, there were no or small differences in the prevalence of comorbid conditions between persistently high-cost and transiently high-cost older adults. Rather, notable differences were observed in socioeconomic status, including disability and receipt of Medical Aid.
Conclusions
Medical risk factors contribute to high health care spending to some extent, but social risk factors may be a source of persistent high-cost status among older adults in Korea.

Summary

Korean summary
- 한국에서 65세 이상의 고령층 고비용 환자 그룹 내에서 두 개의 이질적인 그룹을 발견하였다. - 지속적으로 고비용인 환자는 일시적으로 고비용인 환자보다 의료비 지출이 유의미하게 더 많았다. - 두 그룹의 특성을 비교한 결과, 건강요인의 차이도 있었지만 그보다는 사회적 요인의 차이가 더 컸다.

Key Message
- High-cost older adults are heterogeneous in terms of health care spending and sample characteristics in Korea. - Persistently high-cost older adults had significantly higher health care spending than transiently high-cost older adults. - Medical risk factors contribute to high health care spending to some extent, but social risk factors may be a source of persistent high-cost status among older adults.

Citations

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Factors Associated with Health Care Spending Among Adults in South Korea
Giryeon Bae, Sungchul Park
Journal of General Internal Medicine.2025; 40(10): 2462. CrossRef
Health Care Spending Increases and Value in South Korea
Sungchul Park, Joseph L. Dieleman, Marcia R. Weaver, Giryeon Bae, Karen Eggleston
JAMA Health Forum.2025; 6(1): e245145. CrossRef
Assessing differences among persistent, episodic, and non- high-need high-cost hospitalized children in China after categorization by an unsupervised learning algorithm
Peng Zhang, Bifan Zhu, Linan Wang
Archives of Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Health Behaviors Before and After the Implementation of a Health Community Organization: Gangwon’s Health-Plus Community Program: Joon-Hyeong Kim, Nam-Jun Kim, Soo-Hyeong Kim, Woong-Sub Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(6):487-494. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.121

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Objectives
Community organization is a resident-led movement aimed at creating fundamental social changes in the community by resolving its problems through the organized power of its residents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of health community organization (HCO), Gangwon’s Health-Plus community program, implemented from 2013 to 2019 on residents’ health behaviors.
Methods
This study had a before-and-after design using 2011-2019 Korea Community Health Survey data. To compare the 3-year periods before and after HCO implementation, the study targeted areas where the HCO had been implemented for 4 years or longer. Therefore, a total of 4512 individuals from 11 areas with HCO start years from 2013 to 2016 were included. Complex sample multi-logistic regression analysis adjusting for demographic characteristics (sex, age, residential area, income level, education level, and HCO start year) was conducted.
Results
HCO implementation was associated with decreased current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and subjective stress recognition (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.97). Additionally, the HCO was associated with increased walking exercise practice (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.71), and attempts to control weight (aOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.64). No significant negative changes were observed in other health behavior variables.
Conclusions
The HCO seems to have contributed to improving community health indicators. In the future, a follow-up study that analyzes only the effectiveness of the HCO through structured quasi-experimental studies will be needed.

Summary

Korean summary
건강주민운동은 지역사회 건강지표 향상에 기여한 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 주민참여형 건강증진사업이 주민들의 건강을 향상하기 위해서는 주민이 주체가 되어 조직화된 힘으로 지역사회의 근본적인 변화를 만들어가는 주민운동의 관점으로 시행될 필요가 있다.

Key Message
The Health Community Organization (HCO) appears to contribute to the enhancement of community health indicators. Therefore, in order to improve the health of residents through community-based participatory health promotion programs, it is necessary to implement them from the perspective of the HCO in which residents organize themselves as a mobilized force to bring about fundamental changes in the community.

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Comparative analysis of oral health behaviour and utilisation of oral health care services in the general population and among patients with non-communicable diseases in Korea: a repeated cross-sectional survey conducted from 2008 to 2022
Jeehee Pyo, Hyeran Jeong, Noor Afif Mahmudah, Young-Kwon Park, Minsu Ock, Pracheth Raghuveer
PLOS One.2025; 20(4): e0321816. CrossRef
Cumulative social-ecological risk factors and health-risk behaviors among Chinese adolescents: A latent class analysis
Xianwei Zhang, Xiaoyang Wang, Fengqin Li, Zhiying Sun, Ke Xu, Zhonghui Liu
Journal of Affective Disorders.2025; 388: 119614. CrossRef
Prevalence and trends of cigarette smoking among adults with HIV infection compared with the general population in Korea
Boyoung Park, Yoonyoung Jang, Taehwa Kim, Yunsu Choi, Kyoung Hwan Ahn, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Jun Yong Choi, Hyo Youl Kim, Joon Young Song, Shin-Woo Kim, Hee Jung Choi, Dae Won Park, Young Kyung Yoon, Sang Il Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024097. CrossRef

Special Article

Updating Korean Disability Weights for Causes of Disease: Adopting an Add-on Study Method: Dasom Im, Noor Afif Mahmudah, Seok-Jun Yoon, Young-Eun Kim, Don-Hyung Lee, Yeon-hee Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Minsu Ock; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):291-302. Published online June 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.192

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Objectives
Disability weights require regular updates, as they are influenced by both diseases and societal perceptions. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an up-to-date list of the causes of diseases and establish a survey panel for estimating disability weights. Accordingly, this study was conducted to calculate, assess, modify, and validate disability weights suitable for Korea, accounting for its cultural and social characteristics.
Methods
The 380 causes of disease used in the survey were derived from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network and from 2019 and 2020 Korean studies on disability weights for causes of disease. Disability weights were reanalyzed by integrating the findings of an earlier survey on disability weights in Korea with those of the additional survey conducted in this study. The responses were transformed into paired comparisons and analyzed using probit regression analysis. Coefficients for the causes of disease were converted into predicted probabilities, and disability weights in 2 models (model 1 and 2) were rescaled using a normal distribution and the natural logarithm, respectively.
Results
The mean values for the 380 causes of disease in models 1 and 2 were 0.488 and 0.369, respectively. Both models exhibited the same order of disability weights. The disability weights for the 300 causes of disease present in both the current and 2019 studies demonstrated a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.994 (p=0.001 for both models). This study presents a detailed add-on approach for calculating disability weights.
Conclusions
This method can be employed in other countries to obtain timely disability weight estimations.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구에서는 장애보정생존연수의 산출 방법론 중 발생률 기반 접근법을 이용하여 질병부담 산출에 활용할 질병원인에 대한 장애가중치를 산출하고 한국의 문화사회적 특징을 고려하여 이에 대한 타당성을 검증하였다. 특히, 지난 연구에서 활용한 질병원인에 대한 장애가중치 결과값을 add-on study 방법으로 활용하여 장애가중치를 개정하였다. 이번 연구에서 수행한 add-on study 방법을 활용하여 장애가중치 값을 산출할 경우 다수의 전문가의 누적된 의견을 기반으로 장애가중치를 안정적으로 개정하여 특정 질병원인의 장애보정생존연수를 보다 정확하게 산출할 수 있게 될 것이다.

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Trends in Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) and Disparities by Income and Region in Korea (2008–2020): Analysis of a Nationwide Claims Database
Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Measuring the Burden of Disease in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (2008–2020)
Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Korean National Burden of Disease: The Importance of Diabetes Management
Chung-Nyun Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 518. CrossRef
Newly estimated disability weights for 196 health states in Hubei Province, China
Mengge Zhou, Lan Zhang, Tianjing He, Shuzhen Zhu, Yumeng Tang, Qian Li, Miaoyan Shen, Jingju Pan
Population Health Metrics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Associations Between Conventional Healthy Behaviors and Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From the 2020 Community Health Survey in Korea: Rang Hee Kwon, Minsoo Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):568-577. Published online October 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.351

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Many studies have shown that social distancing, as a non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) that is one of the various measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an effective preventive measure to suppress the spread of infectious diseases. This study explored the relationships between traditional health-related behaviors in Korea and social distancing practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2020 Community Health Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (n=98 149). The dependent variable was the degree of social distancing practice to cope with the COVID-19 epidemic. Independent variables included health-risk behaviors and health-promoting behaviors. The moderators were vaccination and unmet medical needs. Predictors affecting the practice of social distancing were identified through hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results
Smokers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.924) and frequent drinkers (aOR, 0.933) were more likely not to practice social distancing. A greater degree of physical activity was associated with a higher likelihood of practicing social distancing (aOR, 1.029). People who were vaccinated against influenza were more likely to practice social distancing than those who were not (aOR, 1.150). However, people with unmet medical needs were less likely to practice social distancing than those who did not experience unmet medical needs (aOR, 0.757).
Conclusions
Social distancing practices were related to traditional health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and physical activity. Their patterns showed a clustering effect of health inequality. Therefore, when establishing a strategy to strengthen social distancing, a strategy to protect the vulnerable should be considered concomitantly.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 코로나-19 판데믹 기간 동안 한국사회에서 전통적인 건강 행태와 의료이용 행태가 사회적 거리두기 실천과 어떻게 연관되는지 탐구하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 흡연과 음주 같은 건강위험 행태는 사회적 거리두기의 실천 가능성을 낮추었고 운동과 같은 건강증진 행태는 사회적 거리두기의 실천 가능성을 높였다. 아울러 인플루엔자 백신 접종을 받은 집단은 미접종 집단에 비하여 사회적 거리두기의 실천 가능성이 높았다. 따라서 사회적 거리두기와 같은 방역정책을 수립할 때 인구집단의 건강행태 특성을 고려할 필요가 있다.

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Physical Distancing for Gay Men from People Living with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Minsoo Jung
Journal of Homosexuality.2025; 72(2): 194. CrossRef
Unveiling the dynamics of HIV transmission among young homosexual and bisexual men in Korea
Minsoo Jung
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Behavioral Predictors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Korea
Minsoo Jung
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(1): 28. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Adherence to Social Distancing among Adults Aged 19–44 Years: Insights from a Nationwide Survey during COVID-19 Pandemic
Eun Jung Kim, Mikyong Byun
Medicina.2024; 60(5): 827. CrossRef
Assessing COVID-19 Vulnerability Among HIV-positive Men Who Have Sex With Men in Korea: The Role of Vaccination and Sexual Behaviors
Minsoo Jung
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(4): 370. CrossRef
Change in prevalence of smoking during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: a cohort study of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Jayati Khattar, Urun Erbas Oz, Vanessa De Rubeis, Margaret de Groh, Ying Jiang, Lauren Griffith, Laura N Anderson
BMJ Public Health.2024; 2(2): e001175. CrossRef
Characteristics of imported and domestic malaria cases in Gyeonggi Province, Korea
Sunghee Hong, Jihye Kim, Soo-Nam Jo, Jong-Hun Kim, Boyoung Park, Bo Youl choi
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024087. CrossRef
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Lucimere Bohn, Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla, Euripedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves Gomide, Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva, André Pereira dos Santos
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The Relationship Between Thiamine Intake and Long Sleep Duration: Results From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Dongkyu Lee, Kwanghyun Kim, Youngrong Lee, Kyungwon Oh, Sun Jae Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):520-528. Published online October 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.313

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Objectives
Thiamine is thought to modify sleeping patterns, while alcohol use diminishes internal thiamine levels. We investigated the association between thiamine intake and sleep duration and explored possible heterogeneity in the effect according to alcohol use.
Methods
In total, 15 384 participants aged 19-64 were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012-2016. Nutrient intake, including thiamine, was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Sleep duration was measured by a self-reported questionnaire. The highest thiamine intake quartile was set as the reference group. Participants were divided into 3 groups, with 7-8 hours of daily sleep as a reference group and those who slept more or less than that as “oversleeping” and “insufficient sleeping,” respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used, adjusting for socioeconomic, medical, and nutritional factors. Additionally, participants were stratified according to high-risk alcohol use defined by the World Health Organization standards on alcohol use.
Results
Low thiamine intake was associated with oversleeping (Q3: odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 1.32; Q2: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.55; Q1: OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.91) and showed a significant trend for higher ORs at lower intake levels (p-trend<0.001). The effect was stronger in the high-risk alcohol use group (Q1: OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.49).
Conclusions
Low thiamine intake was associated with oversleeping, and alcohol use intensified that association. These results were found in a context where overt clinical symptoms due to thiamine deficiency are considered rare. More awareness of the potential relationship of thiamine intake with oversleeping and its related risks should be considered.

Summary

Korean summary
국민건강영양조사 자료에서 낮은 비타민 B1 섭취가 과도한 수면시간과 연관성이 있으며, 고위험 알코올 섭취군에서 더 큰 상관성을 보였다. 현저한 임상 증상이 나타나지 않는 선에서의 섭취부족도 잠재적으로 과도한 수면시간 및 이와 관련된 건강에 대한 부정적 효과들과 관련이 있을 수 있어 주의가 필요하다.

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Yingxuan Tao, Murong Wu, Boyao Su, Heng Lin, Qianzi Li, Yuhong He, Tian Zhong, Ying Xiao, Xi Yu
Nutrients.2025; 17(11): 1894. CrossRef
Daytime-Dependent Effects of Thiamine on the Thiamine Pool and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Regulation in the Brain and Heart
Vasily Aleshin, Nadejda Borisova, Artem Artiukhov, Kurban Tagirov, Olga Solovjeva, Eva Lavrenteva, Nikolay Panin, Maria Maslova, Anastasia Graf
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(17): 8296. CrossRef
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The Busan Regional CardioCerebroVascular Center Project’s Experience Over a Decade in the Treatment of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Kyunghee Lim, Hyeyeon Moon, Jong Sung Park, Young-Rak Cho, Kyungil Park, Tae-Ho Park, Moo-Hyun Kim, Young-Dae Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):351-359. Published online June 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.071

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The Regional CardioCerebroVascular Center (RCCVC) project was initiated to improve clinical outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke in non-capital areas of Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and issues identified by the Busan RCCVC project in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods
Among the patients who were registered in the Korean Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction for the RCCVC project between 2007 and 2019, those who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for STEMI at the Busan RCCVC were selected, and their medical data were compared with a historical cohort.
Results
In total, 1161 patients were selected for the analysis. Ten years after the implementation of the Busan RCCVC project, the median door-to-balloon time was reduced from 86 (interquartile range [IQR], 64-116) to 54 (IQR, 44-61) minutes, and the median symptom-to-balloon time was reduced from 256 (IQR, 180-407) to 189 (IQR, 118-305) minutes (p<0.001). Inversely, the false-positive PCI team activation rate increased from 0.6% to 21.4% (p<0.001). However, the 1-year cardiovascular death and major adverse cardiac event rates did not change. Even after 10 years, approximately 75% of the patients had a symptom-to-balloon time over 120 minutes, and approximately 50% of the patients underwent inter-hospital transfer for primary PCI.
Conclusions
A decade after the implementation of the Busan RCCVC project, although time parameters for early reperfusion therapy for STEMI improved, at the cost of an increased false-positive PCI team activation rate, survival outcomes were unchanged.

Summary

Korean summary
이번 연구에서는 부산권역심뇌혈관질환센터사업 시작 후 10여년간의 ST분절상습심근경색 환자 치료성적의 변화를 살펴보았다. 사업 시작 후 관상동맥중재시술팀의 위양성소집률이 크게 증가한 대신 ST분절상승심근경색 환자의 조기재관류 치료의 시간지표는 의미 있게 개선되었다. 그러나 생존지표는 사업 시작 전과 비교해 차이가 없었는데 중재시술이 불가능한 병원을 경우하는 사례가 많아 골든타임 이내에 조기 재관류치료를 받은 환자의 비율이 전체 환자의 1/4에 불과한 것이 그 원인으로 보인다.

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Ji-Sook Choi, Soomin Kim, Choon-Seon Park, Hyejin Lee, Jin Yong Lee, Sun Min Kim
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Relevance Index Regional Variation by Each Disease and Its Essential Medical Field: A Retrospective Data Analysis From 2016-2020 in Korea
Young-Eun Kim, Jeehee Pyo, Haneul Lee, HyeRan Jeong, Young-Kwon Park, Jeong-Wook Seo, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Evaluation of the Public Health Emergency Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daegu, Korea During the First Half of 2020: Hwajin Lee, Keon-Yeop Kim, Jong-Yeon Kim, Sin Kam, Kyeong Soo Lee, Jung Jeung Lee, Nam Soo Hong, Tae-Yoon Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):360-370. Published online June 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.068

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study evaluated the response in Daegu, Korea to the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic according to a public health emergency response model.
Methods
After an examination of the official data reported by the city of Daegu and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as a literature review and advisory meetings, we chose a response model. Daegu’s responses were organized into 4 phases and evaluated by applying the response model.
Results
In phase 1, efforts were made to block further transmission of the virus through preemptive testing of a religious group. In phase 2, efforts were concentrated on responding to mass infections in high-risk facilities. Phase 3 involved a transition from a high-intensity social distancing campaign to a citizen participation–based quarantine system. The evaluation using the response model revealed insufficient systematic preparation for a medical surge. In addition, an incorporated health-related management system and protection measures for responders were absent. Nevertheless, the city encouraged the participation of private hospitals and developed a severity classification system. Citizens also played active roles in the pandemic response by practicing social distancing.
Conclusions
This study employed the response model to evaluate the early response in Daegu to the COVID-19 pandemic and revealed areas in need of improvement or maintenance. Based on the study results, creation of a systematic model is necessary to prepare for and respond to future public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 공중보건 위기대응 모형을 적용하여 코로나19 1차 유행에 대한 대구시의 대응을 평가하였습니다. 모형의 세부적 요소인 15개 역량에 따른 평가 결과, 대구의 대응에서 개선 또는 유지해야 할 영역들이 확인되었습니다. 이 결과를 바탕으로, 한국형 공중보건 위기대응 모형을 체계적으로 구축해야 할 것입니다.

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Special Articles

Perceptions of the General Public About Health-related Quality of Life and the EQ-5D Questionnaire: A Qualitative Study in Korea: Minsu Ock, Jeehee Pyo, Min-Woo Jo, Michael Herdman, Nan Luo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):213-225. Published online May 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.151

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate how members of the general public in Korea interpret the concept of health, and which dimensions of health are most important to them. We also explored their perceptions of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D), including the EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS).
Methods
We conducted face-to-face, in-depth interviews with 20 individuals from the general population, using a semi-structured interview guide. Content analysis was performed with verbatim transcripts and field notes to identify codes and categorize them according to their similarities and associations.
Results
In total, 734 different codes were derived and classified into 4 categories. Participants cited the importance of both the mental and physical aspects of health, although they emphasized that the physical aspects appeared to play a larger role in their conceptualization of health. Participants noted that the EQ-5D has the advantage of being composed of 5 dimensions that are simple and contain both physical and mental areas necessary to describe health. However, some of them mentioned the need to add more dimensions of mental health and social health. Participants showed great satisfaction with the visually well-presented EQ-VAS. However, participants opined that the EQ-VAS scores might not be comparable across respondents because of different ways of responding to the scale.
Conclusions
While physical health is a fundamental aspect of health, mental and social aspects are also important to Koreans. The content of the EQ-5D broadly matched the attributes of health considered important by Koreans.

Summary

Korean summary
이번 연구에서는 질적 연구 방법론을 활용하여 한국인이 건강을 이해하고 개념화하는 방법과 건강의 어떤 차원을 중요하게 여기는지 살펴보면서 EQ-5D에 대한 인식을 살펴보았다. 이번 연구를 통하여 EQ-5D와 EQ VAS가 전반적으로 한국인의 건강 관련 삶의 질을 잘 측정할 수 있지만, 정신적 및 사회적 측면에 대한 항목을 추가하면 한국인의 건강 관련 삶의 질을 더 잘 반영할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

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Are Non-standard Work Schedules Related to Sleep Difficulty and Health-related Quality of Life in Korea? An Examination of Gender Differences
Seowoo Park, Ji Sun Park, Moo Hyuk Lee, Young Kyung Do
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(4): 396. CrossRef
Metabolic–Nutritional Associations with Depression in Elderly Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Hemodialysis Versus Non-Dialysis Populations
Sedat Ozdemir, Aynur Ekren Cakici, İbrahim Bilir
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How Well Does the EQ-5D-Y-5L Describe Children With Intellectual Disability?: “There’s a Lot More to My Child Than That She Can’t Wash or Dress Herself.”
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Well-being Index Scores and Subjective Health Status of Korean Healthcare Workers: Yoonhee Shin, Bohyun Park, Nam-eun Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Minsu Ock, Sun Ha Jee, Sue K. Park, Hyeong Sik Ahn, Hyesook Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):226-233. Published online May 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.114

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the subjective level of health-related quality of life of Korean healthcare workers using various quality-of-life instruments.
Methods
This study included 992 participants, who were doctors and nurses. A survey was conducted between November 28 and December 4, 2019. Data from 954 participants divided into 3 groups (physicians, residents, and nurses) were analyzed. Four measurement tools (29 questions) were used in the survey to evaluate subjective health status and well-being.
Results
In the Mayo Well-being Index, burnout during work (88.5%) and emotional difficulties caused by work (84.0%) were frequently cited by the respondents. Regarding questions on burnout and emotional difficulties, residents and nurses had the highest scores (91.0 and 89.6%, respectively). Emotional problems, such as anxiety, depression, and irritability, accounted for a high percentage (73.1%) of the total, while 82.2% of respondents reported that their work schedules interfered with their leisure and family time. There was no significant difference among the groups in subjective health status. However, 10.1% of the residents experienced very low quality of life, which was a higher proportion than that of physicians (2.7%) and nurses (5.2%).
Conclusions
The level of well-being that Korean medical workers experienced in relation to work was lower than the results of the United States healthcare workers surveyed using the same tool. This study was unique in that it conducted a subjective quality-of-life survey on Korean healthcare workers.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구의 목적은 다양한 삶의 질 도구를 사용하여 한국 의료종사자들의 건강과 관련된 삶의 질에 대한 주관적인 수준을 평가하는 것이다. 피로와 정서적 어려움, 업무로 인한 일상생활의 방해 등 한국 의료종사자의 일부 삶의 질 점수가 낮았다. 의료 종사자의 소진 경험이 환자의 치료에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 고려할 때 의료 종사자들의 삶의 질을 향상시키는 정책이 마련되어야하며, 건강과 관련된 직업적 위험요인 연구도 추가적으로 필요하다.

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Original Articles

Estimation of Utility Weights for Prostate-related Health States in Korea: Seon-Ha Kim, Minsu Ock, Min-Woo Jo, Sungchan Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):243-252. Published online May 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.426

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Very limited previous research has investigated the utility weights of prostate-related diseases in the general population in Korea. The purpose of this study was to calculate the utility of prostate-related health states in the Korean general public using the standard gamble (SG) method.
Methods
Seven health states for hypothetical prostate cancers, 1 for benign prostate hyperplasia, and 1 for erectile dysfunction were developed based on patient education material and previous publications. In total, 460 responses from the Korean general population were used to analyze the utility of prostate-related health states. Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted, and utility values were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and SG. Mean utility values were calculated for each prostate-related health state.
Results
The mean utility values of prostate cancer derived from SG ranged from 0.281 (metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer) to 0.779 (localized prostate cancer requiring prostatectomy). The utility value of benign prostate hyperplasia was 0.871, and that of erectile dysfunction was 0.812. The utility values obtained using the SG method in all conditions were higher than the values obtained by VAS. There were no significant demographic variables affecting utility values in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
Our findings might be useful for economic evaluation and utility calculation of screening and interventions for prostate-related conditions in the general population.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 일반인구집단을 대상으로 7개의 전립선 암 상태와 전립선 비대증, 발기부전상태의 효용값을 표준기회선택법을 이용하여 산출하였다. 전립선암 상태에 따라 평균 효용값은 0.281에서 0.779범위였다. 연구 결과는 전립선 관련 상태의 중재의 효용 계산이나 경제성 평가에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

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Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of health state utility values in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Elena Castro, Rhett Figliuzzi, Sarah Walsh, Samantha Craigie, Jonathan Nazari, Alexander Niyazov, Imtiaz A Samjoo
The Oncologist.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Improving Collaborative Engagement in Health State Valuation: A Scoping Review of Current Practices and Emerging Recommendations
Philip A. Powell, Victoria Gale, Gurdas Singh, Anthea Sutton, Janine Verstraete, Nancy Devlin, Michael Herdman, Simone Schieskow, Jill Carlton
PharmacoEconomics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Association Between Sleep Quality and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents: Hyunkyu Kim, Seung Hoon Kim, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):173-181. Published online February 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.498

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Anxiety disorder is among the most prevalent mental illnesses among adolescents. Early detection and proper treatment are important for preventing sequelae such as suicide and substance use disorder. Studies have suggested that sleep duration is associated with anxiety disorder in adolescents. In the present study, we investigated the association between sleep quality and anxiety in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire was used to evaluate anxiety. The chi-square test was used to investigate and compare the general characteristics of the study population, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety.
Results
In both sexes, anxiety was highly prevalent in participants with poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43 to 1.71 in boys; aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.42 in girls). Regardless of sleep duration, participants with poor sleep quality showed a high aOR for anxiety.
Conclusions
This study identified a consistent relationship between sleep quality and anxiety in Korean adolescents regardless of sleep duration.

Summary

Korean summary
청소년건강행태조사를 이용하여 청소년들의 수면의 질과 불안과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 좋지 않은 수면의 질은 불안감과 연관성이 있었으며 이 연관성은 대상자들의 수면시간과 상관없이 나타났다.

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Special Articles

Measuring Trends in the Socioeconomic Burden of Disease in Korea, 2007-2015: Tae Eung Kim, Ru-Gyeom Lee, So-Youn Park, In-Hwan Oh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(1):19-27. Published online January 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.594

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

This study estimated the direct and indirect socioeconomic costs of 238 diseases and 22 injuries from a social perspective in Korea from 2007 to 2015. The socioeconomic cost of each disease group was calculated based on the Korean Standard Disease Classification System. Direct costs were estimated using health insurance claims data provided by the National Health Insurance Service. The numbers of outpatients and inpatients with the main diagnostic codes for each disease were selected as a proxy indicator for estimating patients’ medical use behavior by disease. The economic burden of disease from 2007 to 2015 showed an approximately 20% increase in total costs. From 2007 to 2015, communicable diseases (including infectious, maternal, pediatric, and nutritional diseases) accounted for 8.9-12.2% of the socioeconomic burden, while non-infectious diseases accounted for 65.7-70.7% and injuries accounted for 19.1-22.8%. The top 5 diseases in terms of the socioeconomic burden were self-harm (which took the top spot for 8 years), followed by cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, ischemic heart disease, and upper respiratory infections in 2007. Since 2010, the economic burden of conditions such as low back pain, falls, and acute bronchitis has been included in this ranking. This study expanded the scope of calculating the burden of disease at the national level by calculating the burden of disease in Koreans by gender and disease. These findings can be used as indicators of health equality and as useful data for establishing community-centered (or customized) health promotion policies, projects, and national health policy goals.

Summary

Korean summary
2007년에서 2015년 기간의 건강보험 자료 등을 이용하여, 해당기간의 경제적 질병부담을 측정하였으며, 해당 기간동안 경제적 질병부담은 20%의 증가를 나타내었다. 동 기간동안 비감염성 질환의 경제적 질병부담의 비율은 약 70%로 나타났으며, 감염성 질환은 약 10%, 손상은 20%로 나타났다. 한편 개별 질병군 기준으로는 자살을 포함한 자해가 1위를 차지한 해가 가장 많았다.

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Time Trend Analysis of Comorbidities in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Population-Based Study from 53,142 Hospitalizations in Poland
Katarzyna Helon, Małgorzata Wisłowska, Krzysztof Kanecki, Paweł Goryński, Aneta Nitsch-Osuch, Krzysztof Bonek
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(2): 602. CrossRef
Association between accelerometer-derived physical activity and depression: a cross-sectional study using isotemporal substitution analysis
Jungmi Park, Hee-Kyoung Nam, Sung-Il Cho
BMJ Open.2024; 14(4): e078199. CrossRef
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Ji Woong Roh, SungA Bae, Moon-Hyun Kim, Je-Wook Park, Seok-Jae Heo, Minkwan Kim, Oh-Hyun Lee, Yongcheol Kim, Eui Im, Jae-Sun Uhm, In Hyun Jung, Deok-Kyu Cho, Donghoon Choi
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Adjustment for Multimorbidity in Estimations of the Burden of Diseases Using Korean NHIS Data: Yoonhee Shin, Eun Jeong Choi, Bomi Park, Hye Ah Lee, Eun-Kyung Lee, Hyesook Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(1):28-36. Published online January 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.583

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: The current multimorbidity correction method in the Global Burden of Disease studies assumes the independent occurrence of diseases. Those studies use Monte-Carlo simulations to adjust for the presence of multiple disease conditions for all diseases. The present study investigated whether the above-mentioned assumption is reasonable based on the prevalence confirmed from actual data. This study compared multimorbidity-adjusted years of lived with disability (YLD) obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations and multimorbidity-adjusted YLD using multimorbidity prevalence derived from National Health Insurance Service data. The 5 most common diseases by sex and age groups were selected as diseases of interest. No significant differences were found between YLD estimations made using actual data and Monte-Carlo simulations, even though assumptions about the independent occurrence of diseases should be carefully applied. The prevalence was not well reflected according to disease characteristics in those under the age of 30, among whom there was a difference in YLD between the 2 methods. Therefore, when calculating the burden of diseases for Koreans over the age of 30, it is possible to calculate the YLD with correction for multimorbidity through Monte-Carlo simulation, but care should be taken with under-30s. It is useful to apply the efficiency and suitability of calibration for multiplicative methods using Monte-Carlo simulations in research on the domestic disease burden, especially in adults in their 30s and older. Further research should be carried out on multimorbidity correction methodology according to the characteristics of multiple diseases by sex and age.; Summary

Korean summary
질병부담 산출 시 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통한 복합질환 보정 방법에 대해 다빈도 질환 실제 데이터 기반으로 검증해 봄으로써 30세 이상 연령에서 추정값에 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 하지만 30세 미만에서는 포함되는 질환 종류에 따라 실제 데이터 기반으로 복합질환을 보정하는 것이 불가능하거나 시뮬레이션으로 구한 값이 부정확하였다. 따라서, 질환 특성을 반영한 복합질환 보정방법론 개발이 필요함을 제안하며 본 연구 결과는 한국인 질병부담 연구에서 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 이용한 복합질환 보정 방법의 활용근거로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Measuring the Burden of Disease in Korea, 2008-2018: Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Hyesook Park, In-Hwan Oh, Min-Woo Jo, Minsu Ock, Dun-Sol Go, Seok-Jun Yoon; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(5):293-300. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.478

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

The study aims to examine the current status and differences in the burden of disease in Korea during 2008-2018. We calculated the burden of disease for Koreans from 2008 to 2018 using an incidence-based approach. Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were expressed in units per 100 000 population by adding years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). DALY calculation results were presented by gender, age group, disease, region, and income level. To explore differences in DALYs by region and income level, we used administrative district and insurance premium information from the National Health Insurance Service claims data. The burden of disease among Koreans showed an increasing trend from 2008 to 2018. By 2017, the burden of disease among men was higher than that among women. Diabetes mellitus, low back pain, and chronic lower respiratory disease were ranked high in the burden of disease; the sum of DALY rates for these diseases accounted for 18.4% of the total burden of disease among Koreans in 2018. The top leading causes associated with a high burden of disease differed slightly according to gender, age group, and income level. In this study, we measured the health status of Koreans and differences in the population health level according to gender, age group, region, and income level. This data can be used as an indicator of health equity, and the results derived from this study can be used to guide community-centered (or customized) health promotion policies and projects, and for setting national health policy goals.

Summary

Korean summary
이 논문에서는 장애보정생존년수라는 지표를 활용하여 2008-2018년 한국인의 질병부담 산출결과를 제시하였으며, 성별·연령군별·질환별 질병부담 수준의 차이 뿐만 아니라 지역 및 소득수준의 사회경제적 수준에 따른 질병부담의 격차도 함께 제시하였다.

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COVID-19: Original Article

Associations Between Compliance With Non-pharmaceutical Interventions and Social-distancing Policies in Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Yu Seong Hwang, Heui Sug Jo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(4):230-237. Published online June 16, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.139

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study explored changes in individuals’ behavior in response to social distancing (SD) levels and the “no gatherings of more than 5 people” (NGM5) rule in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods
Using survey data from the COVID-19 Behavior Tracker, exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 preventive factors: maintenance of personal hygiene, avoiding going out, and avoiding meeting people. Each factor was used as a dependent variable. The chi-square test was used to compare differences in distributions between categorical variables, while binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with high compliance with measures to prevent transmission.
Results
In men, all 3 factors were significantly associated with lower compliance. Younger age groups were associated with lower compliance with maintenance of personal hygiene and avoiding meeting people. Employment status was significantly associated with avoiding going out and avoiding meeting people. Residence in the capital area was significantly associated with higher compliance with personal hygiene and avoiding venturing out. Increasing SD levels were associated with personal hygiene, avoiding going out, and avoiding meeting people. The NGM5 policy was not significantly associated with compliance.
Conclusions
SD levels, gender, age, employment status, and region had explanatory power for compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Strengthening social campaigns to inspire voluntary compliance with NPIs, especially focused on men, younger people, full-time workers, and residents of the capital area is recommended. Simultaneously, efforts need to be made to segment SD measures into substrategies with detailed guidance at each level.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구에서는 대한민국 정부가 COVID-19 방역 정책으로 시행한 ‘사회적 거리두기 단계 조절’과 ‘5인 이상 집합 금지 조치’에 대한 개인의 순응도를 파악하였다. 이를 위해 영국 임페리얼 대학이 2020년 4월부터 2021년 4월까지 24회에 걸쳐 한국인 총 13,300명에게 개인 행동을 조사한 공개 데이터를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 더 높은 수준의 사회적 거리두기 단계 – 특히 다중이용시설들이 폐쇄되는 2.5 단계 -에서 비약물적 중재 조치의 순응도와 더 강한 상관관계를 보였다. 그러나 5인 이상 집합금지는 순응도와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않아 사람들이 모임 인원을 제한할 뿐 지속적으로 모임을 하는 것으로 해석된다. 연령, 성별, 직업 구분, 거주지와 같은 인구-사회학적 특성들이 순응도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으므로, 낮은 순응도를 보이는 인구집단의 순응도를 고취시킬 수 있도록 세부적인 전략 (예: 재택근무, 온라인회의, 온라인 수업 권장 등)이 필요하다.

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Systematic Review

Prevalence of Sarcopenia Among the Elderly in Korea: A Meta-Analysis: Yoo Jin Choo, Min Cheol Chang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(2):96-102. Published online March 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.046

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Sarcopenia is a common disease in the elderly population that causes disability, poor quality of life, and a high risk of death. In the current study, we conducted a meta-analysis to report basic knowledge about the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly in Korea.
Methods
We searched for articles in the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases published until December 28, 2020. Studies investigating the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly Koreans aged ≥65 years were included. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Publication bias was evaluated using the Egger test and funnel plots.
Results
In total, 3 studies and 2922 patients were included in the meta-analysis. All 3 studies used the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The total prevalence of sarcopenia was 13.1-14.9% in elderly men and 11.4% in elderly women.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis is the first to estimate the pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly Koreans, and its findings suggest that sarcopenia is common in this population. Therefore, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of sarcopenia.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 노인인구에서 삶의 질 저하 및 높은 사망률을 야기시키는 흔한 질환인 근감소증의 유병률을 조사하고자 메타분석을 시행하였다. 분석에는 65세 이상 한국 노년층의 근감소증 유병률을 조사한 3건의 연구들과 총 2,922명의 대상자가 포함되었으며, 3개의 연구 모두 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria를 통해 근감소증을 진단하였다. 분석 결과, 근감소증의 총 유병률은 남성에서 13.1-14.9%였고, 여성에서는 11.4%였다. 이 결과는 우리나라의 노인 인구에서 근감소증이 흔하게 발생하므로 근감소증의 예방과 통제에 주의를 기울여야 함을 시사한다.

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COVID-19: Special Article

COVID-19 International Collaborative Research by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Using Its Nationwide Real-world Data: Database, Outcomes, and Implications: Yeunsook Rho, Do Yeon Cho, Yejin Son, Yu Jin Lee, Ji Woo Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Seng Chan You, Rae Woong Park, Jin Yong Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(1):8-16. Published online January 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.616

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Abstract PDF

This article aims to introduce the inception and operation of the COVID-19 International Collaborative Research Project, the world’s first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) open data project for research, along with its dataset and research method, and to discuss relevant considerations for collaborative research using nationwide real-world data (RWD). COVID-19 has spread across the world since early 2020, becoming a serious global health threat to life, safety, and social and economic activities. However, insufficient RWD from patients was available to help clinicians efficiently diagnose and treat patients with COVID-19, or to provide necessary information to the government for policy-making. Countries that saw a rapid surge of infections had to focus on leveraging medical professionals to treat patients, and the circumstances made it even more difficult to promptly use COVID-19 RWD. Against this backdrop, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) of Korea decided to open its COVID-19 RWD collected through Korea’s universal health insurance program, under the title of the COVID-19 International Collaborative Research Project. The dataset, consisting of 476 508 claim statements from 234 427 patients (7590 confirmed cases) and 18 691 318 claim statements of the same patients for the previous 3 years, was established and hosted on HIRA’s in-house server. Researchers who applied to participate in the project uploaded analysis code on the platform prepared by HIRA, and HIRA conducted the analysis and provided outcome values. As of November 2020, analyses have been completed for 129 research projects, which have been published or are in the process of being published in prestigious journals.

Summary

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Original Articles

Associations of Handgrip Strength and Handgrip Strength Asymmetry With Depression in the Elderly in Korea: A Cross-sectional Study: Kyungduk Hurh, Yoonsik Park, Gyu Ri Kim, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(1):63-72. Published online December 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.315

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Recent studies have suggested that assessing handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry together with HGS may be helpful for evaluating problems in geriatric patients. This study aimed to identify whether HGS asymmetry, weakness, or both were associated with depression in Korean older adults.
Methods
This study included 4274 subjects from the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The maximum HGS of the dominant hand was used as a representative value. HGS symmetry was categorized by the ratio of the HGS of the dominant hand to that of non-dominant hand. The odds ratio (OR) for depression was calculated according to the HGS and its symmetry.
Results
In total, 240 (12.5%) men and 534 (22.7%) women had depression. HGS or HGS asymmetry showed no statistically significant associations with depression in elderly men. Elevated odds of depression were observed in elderly women with low HGS (OR, 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 2.81) or prominent HGS asymmetry (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.08). There was a positive additive interaction between asymmetric HGS and weakness, as women with low and prominently asymmetric HGS showed higher odds of depression (OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.16 to 6.59) than women with high and symmetric HGS.
Conclusions
Depression in elderly Korean women was associated with both low and asymmetric HGS. Our findings support the potential value of HGS asymmetry as an indicator of HGS.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여, 국내 60세 이상 노인 인구에서 악력 저하 및 양손 악력의 비대칭과 우울증 유병과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 60세 이상 여성에서 악력 저하 및 양손 악력의 비대칭이 우울증 유병과 관련이 있었으며, 악력 저하와 비대칭이 동반된 경우에는 우울증 유병에 대하여 상가작용이 존재하였다. 이는 향후 노인의 악력 측정 시, 양손 악력의 비대칭에 대하여도 주목할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

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Association Between Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Lung Cancer Among Patients With Hypertension From the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort: Sungji Moon, Hae-Young Lee, Jieun Jang, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(6):476-486. Published online November 3, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.405

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of lung cancer in relation to angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use among patients with hypertension from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with hypertension who started to take antihypertensive medications and had a treatment period of at least 6 months. We calculated the weighted hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lung cancer associated with ARB use compared with calcium channel blocker (CCB) use using inverse probability treatment weighting. Results: Among a total of 60 469 subjects with a median follow-up time of 7.8 years, 476 cases of lung cancer were identified. ARB use had a protective effect on lung cancer compared with CCB use (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.96). Consistent findings were found in analyses considering patients who changed or discontinued their medication (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.77), as well as for women (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.93), patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.00), never-smokers (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.99), and non-drinkers (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.97). In analyses with different comparison antihypertensive medications, the overall protective effects of ARBs on lung cancer risk remained consistent. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that ARBs could decrease the risk of lung cancer. More evidence is needed to establish the causal effect of ARBs on the incidence of lung cancer.

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Association Between Parental Marital Status and Types of Suicidal Behavior Among Korean Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study: Yoon Sik Park, Eun-Cheol Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(6):419-428. Published online September 21, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.004

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Adolescent suicide is a global problem. This study aimed to identify associations between parental marital status and suicidal behavior.
Methods
This study analyzed 118 715 middle and high school students from the 13th and 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The odds ratios (ORs) of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts were calculated based on parental marital status, living situation, and socioeconomic factors. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
Results
When compared to those living with 2 married biological parents, the ORs of suicidal ideation among adolescents living with either remarried or no parents were 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.53) and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.66), respectively. For suicidal planning, the OR of those living with 1 remarried biological parent was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.52), and that of those living without parents was 1.28 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.73), when compared to adolescents living with 2 married biological parents. For suicide attempts, when compared to adolescents with 2 married biological parents, the OR of those living with 1 remarried biological parent was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.87) and that of those living without parents was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.83). For adolescents living with 1 remarried biological parent, suicidal behavior was strongly associated with having no siblings and were weakly associated with not living with grandparents.
Conclusions
Suicidal behavior among adolescents was associated with the remarriage and loss of parents. Therefore, special attention and interventions are needed for adolescents in those situations.

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Perspective

Dilemmas Within the Korean Health Insurance System: Donghwi Park, Min Cheol Chang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(4):285-288. Published online July 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.074

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Abstract PDF

The health insurance system in Korea is well-established and provides benefits for the entire national population. In Korea, when patients are treated at a hospital, the hospital receives a partial payment for the treatment from the patient, and the remaining amount is provided by the health insurance service. The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) assesses whether the treatment was appropriate. If HIRA deems the treatment appropriate, the doctor can receive payment from the health insurance service. However, this system has several drawbacks. In this study, we aimed to provide examples of the problems that can occur in relation to HIRA assessments in Korea through actual clinical cases.

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COVID-19: Perspective

A Hidden Key to COVID-19 Management in Korea: Public Health Doctors: Sejin Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(3):175-177. Published online April 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.105

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Abstract PDF

Public health doctors of Korea contributed significantly to massive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing. They were immediately dispatched to epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic, and have run tests at screening centers, airport quarantines and hospitals. However, their expertise from in-field experience has been often neglected. It is time to reorganize public health doctor system to better prepare for future epidemics. Transforming and strengthening their roles as public health experts through systematic training is crucial.

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COVID-19: Brief Report

The Delay in Confirming COVID-19 Cases Linked to a Religious Group in Korea: Hyung-Ju Kim, Hyun-Seong Hwang, Yong-Hyuk Choi, Hye-Yeon Song, Ji-Seong Park, Chae-Young Yun, Sukhyun Ryu; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(3):164-167. Published online April 8, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.088

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
As of March 3, 2020, the Shincheonji religious group accounted for the majority of Korean cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nonetheless, the most likely cause of the broad spread of COVID-19 among members of the Shincheonji religious group remains largely unknown.
Methods
We obtained data of laboratory-confirmed cases related to the Shincheonji religious group from press releases by Korean public health authorities and news reports. We measured the period from the date of illness onset to the date of COVID-19 confirmation.
Results
We analysed data from 59 cases (median age, 30 years). The estimated median period between the date of symptom onset and the date of COVID-19 confirmation was 4 days (95% confidence interval, 1-12).
Conclusions
There was a delay in COVID-19 confirmation from the date of illness onset among the cases linked to the Shincheonji religious group. This delay likely contributed to the occurrence of many cases of COVID-19 in the group.

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Brief Report

Life Expectancy and Inequalities Therein by Income From 2016 to 2018 Across the 253 Electoral Constituencies of the National Assembly of the Korea: Jinwook Bahk, Hee-Yeon Kang, Young-Ho Khang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):143-148. Published online March 5, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.050

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Objectives
We calculated life expectancy and inequalities therein by income for the period of 2016-2018 across the 253 electoral constituencies of the 20th National Assembly election in Korea.
Methods
We obtained population and death data between 2016 and 2018 from the National Health Information Database and constructed abridged life tables using standard life table procedures according to gender and income quintiles for the electoral constituencies of the 20th National Assembly election held in 2016.
Results
Life expectancy across the 253 constituencies ranged from 80.51 years to 87.05 years, corresponding to a gap of 6.54 years. The life expectancy difference by income across the 253 constituencies ranged from 2.94 years to 10.67 years. In each province, the difference in life expectancy by income across electoral constituencies was generally greater than the inter-constituency differences. Constituencies in capital and metropolitan areas showed a higher life expectancy and a lower life expectancy difference by income than constituencies in rural areas.
Conclusions
Pro-rich inequalities in life expectancy by income existed in every electoral constituency in Korea. Both intra-constituency and inter-constituency socioeconomic inequalities in health should be highlighted in future policy-making in the National Assembly.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 2016년 치뤄진 제20대 국회의원 선거구 253개에서 2016-2018년의 기대수명을 산출하고, 소득 상위 20%와 소득 하위 20% 간 기대수명 격차를 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 253개 모든 선거구에서 소득 상위 20%가 소득 하위 20%보다 기대수명이 높게 나타났으며, 선거구 내의 소득에 따른 기대수명 격차가 선거구들 간의 기대수명 차이보다 더 큰 경향을 보였다. 기대수명의 선거구 간 격차를 줄이고, 선거구 내의 소득 계층 간 기대수명 격차를 해소하기 위한 입법적 조치를 마련하는 데에 이 연구의 결과가 근거자료로 유용하게 사용되기를 기대한다.

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Spatio-temporal Analysis of District-level Life Expectancy from 2004 to 2017 in Korea
Hwa-Kyung Lim, Hee-Yeon Kang, Ikhan Kim, Young-Ho Khang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Cancer-free Life Expectancy in Small Administrative Areas in South Korea and Its Associations with Regional Health Insurance Premiums
Eunjeong Noh, Hee-Yeon Kang, Jinwook Bahk, Ikhan Kim, Young-Ho Khang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Income-Related Mortality Inequalities and Its Social Factors among Middle-Aged and Older Adults at the District Level in Aging Seoul: An Ecological Study Using Administrative Big Data
Minhye Kim, Suzin You, Jong-sung You, Seung-Yun Kim, Jong Heon Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 19(1): 383. CrossRef

Original Article

Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Korean Men: Riccardo Ferraresso; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):135-142. Published online February 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.292

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
In recent years, multiple studies have investigated the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Korea. However, most of those studies have focused on IPV against women, while overlooking the problem of men IPV victimization. Considering this, the current study identified risk and protective factors for IPV and examined their influence on IPV victimization among Korean men.
Methods
We used a nationally representative sample of 1668 Korean men from the 2013 Korea National Survey on Domestic Violence. The associations between potential IPV risk factors and different types of IPV were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Specifically, separate analyses were conducted of 5 types of IPV (neglect, controlling behaviors, emotional violence, economic violence, and physical violence).
Results
The prevalence of IPV among Korean men and women showed only marginal gender differences. Controlling behaviors (men, 23.3%; women, 23.9%) and emotional violence (men, 16.5%; women, 18.8%) were the most common types of IPV reported, followed by neglect (men, 11.2%; women, 11.7%). Separate logistic regression analyses for the 5 subtypes of IPV revealed that mutual IPV was a strong predictor of IPV. Men who abused their wives were more likely to experience neglect (odds ratio [OR], 29.24; p<0.01), controlling behaviors (OR, 36.61; p<0.01), emotional violence (OR, 58.07; p<0.01), economic violence (OR, 18.78; p<0.01), and physical violence (OR, 38.09; p<0.01).
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that IPV intervention strategies should particularly focus on couples whose relationship is characterized by patterns of bidirectional violence.

Summary

Citations

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Intimate Partner Violence: The Relationship Between the Stages of Change, Maintenance Factors, and the Decision to Keep or Leave the Violent Partner
Marisalva Fávero, Rita Oliveira, Amaia Del Campo, Amadeu Fernandes, Diana Moreira, Maria Dolores Lanzarote-Fernández, Valéria Sousa-Gomes
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(2): 517. CrossRef
Risk Factors for South Korean Male Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Victims Only, Offenders Only, and Victim-Offenders
Chunrye Kim, Haemi Won
Asian Journal of Criminology.2025; 20(1): 69. CrossRef
Is Attachment a Fate? A Literature Review on Adult Attachment and Intimate Partner Violence
Ratu Ifthiharfi, Yudiana Ratnasari
Journal of Family Sciences.2025; 10(1): 130. CrossRef
Exploring risk and protective factors of intimate partner violence in Korean young adults
Soonok An, Jisoo Youn, Qihao Zhan, Soo-Jung Byoun, José J. López-Goñi
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0314352. CrossRef
Factors Associated With Willingness To Report Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) to Police in South Korea
Chunrye Kim, Riccardo Ferraresso
Journal of Interpersonal Violence.2022; 37(13-14): NP10862. CrossRef
Ugandan Men Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Nationally Representative Data
Jacinta Waila, Herman Lule, Michael Lowery Wilson, Till Bärnighausen, Anne Abio
Journal of Prevention.2022; 43(4): 567. CrossRef

Climate Change: Review

Research Trends in Agenda-setting for Climate Change Adaptation Policy in the Public Health Sector in Korea: Su-Mi Chae, Daeeun Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):3-14. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.326

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Many studies have been conducted to assess the health effects of climate change in Korea. However, there has been a lack of consideration regarding how the results of these studies can be applied to relevant policies. The current study aims to examine research trends at the agenda-setting stage and to review future ways in which health-related adaptation to climate change can be addressed within national public health policy. A systematic review of previous studies of the health effects of climate change in Korea was conducted. Many studies have evaluated the effect of ambient temperature on health. A large number of studies have examined the effects on deaths and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, but a limitation of these studies is that it is difficult to apply their findings to climate change adaptation policy in the health sector. Many infectious disease studies were also identified, but these mainly focused on malaria. Regarding climate change-related factors other than ambient temperature, studies of the health effects of these factors (with the exception of air pollution) are limited. In Korea, it can be concluded that studies conducted as part of the agenda-setting stage are insufficient, both because studies on the health effects of climate change have not ventured beyond defining the problem and because health adaptation to climate change has not been set as an important agenda item. In the future, the sharing and development of relevant databases is necessary. In addition, the priority of agenda items should be determined as part of a government initiative.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 한국에서 수행된 기후변화에 따른 건강영향 연구의 동향을 살펴봄으써, 기후변화 건강 적응이 보건 정책의 어젠다로 자리 잡기 위한 연구 방향을 검토했다. 향후 국가는 기후변화 적응을 위한 우선순위 건강 문제를 검토해야 하며, 관련된 연구의 양과 질을 확보해 국가 전략의 기초가 될 수 있도록 해야 한다.

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Agenda setting for contraceptive access: applying Kingdon’s framework to policy change
Collins Boateng Danquah, Munawar Harun Koray
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Heat impacts on human health in the Western Pacific Region: an umbrella review
Y.T.Eunice Lo, Emily Vosper, Julian P.T. Higgins, Guy Howard
The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific.2024; 42: 100952. CrossRef
Climate Change and Health: More Research Is Still Needed
Ho-Jang Kwon
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2020; 53(1): 1. CrossRef

Climate Change: Original Article

Association Between Air Conditioning Use and Self-reported Symptoms During the 2018 Heat Wave in Korea: Yong-Han Lee, Sanghyuk Bae, Seung-sik Hwang, Jong-Hun Kim, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Miji Kim, Sohwa Jung, Ho-Jang Kwon; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):15-25. Published online November 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.171

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the health effects of air conditioning use during the 2018 heat wave in Korea, included the highest temperature ever recorded in the nation.
Methods
The participants in this study were 1000 adults aged 19 years and older recruited from across Korea. The participants were asked about their experience of symptoms of various diseases, disruptions of their daily lives, and use of air conditioning during the heat wave. The associations between air conditioning use during the heat wave and health outcomes were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression models.
Results
Among participants who lacked air conditioning in the main space where they spent time outside the home, 33.9%, 8.1%, 43.5%, and 19.4% experienced symptoms of heat-related, cardiovascular, nervous system diseases, and air-conditioningitis, respectively. In comparison, participants who did have air conditioning outside the home experienced the same symptoms at proportions of 21.0%, 1.9%, 26.8%, and 34.2%, respectively (p=0.027, 0.007, 0.007, and 0.023, respectively). Among participants who had no air conditioner at home, 10.0% were absent from school or work due to the heat wave. In contrast, among participants who had an air conditioner at home, only 3.7% were absent as a result of the heat wave (p=0.007).
Conclusions
When air conditioning was not used at home or in the main space where participants spent time outside the home during the 2018 heat wave, adverse health effects were more prevalent, but the risk of air-conditioningitis was reduced.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 한국 기상관측사상 가장 더웠던 2018년 한국의 폭염 기간 동안, 에어컨 사용이 건강에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 가정 외 주 생활공간에 에어컨이 가동되지 않거나 가정에 에어컨이 없으면 폭염 기간 동안의 건강 및 일상생활에 좋지 않은 영향을 줄 수 있으나, 냉방병 위험은 낮아질 수 있다.

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Projection of trade-offs of commercial air conditioning: Increasing carbon emission and reducing heat exposure
Mengzhen Zhao, Bo Yan, Wenjia Cai, Chi Zhang
Applied Energy.2025; 382: 125332. CrossRef
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Jifei Chen, Laurence L Delina
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Cooling is a cost-efficient way to adapt to heatwaves even in high-latitude cities
Matti Hyyrynen, Markku Ollikainen, Janina Käyhkö, Juuso Suomi, Jussi Lintunen, Jukka Käyhkö, Antti Mäkelä, Fanny Marie Groundstroem, Sirkku Juhola
Climatic Change.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Indoor Temperature Level and Mental Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review
Min Kyung Park, Bada Kang, Dahye Hong, Seolah Yoon, Minsub Kim, Yubeen Kim, Zhao Ni, Eleanor S McConnell
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2025; 11: e78257. CrossRef
Integration and Optimal Control of MicroCSP with Building HVAC Systems: Review and Future Directions
Mohamed Toub, Chethan R. Reddy, Rush D. Robinett, Mahdi Shahbakhti
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Ho-Jang Kwon
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2020; 53(1): 1. CrossRef

Original Articles

Comparison of Trends in Blood Pressure and the Prevalence of Obesity Among Korean and American Adolescents: A 12-Years Cross-sectional Study: Somi Heo, Seyoung Kwon, Yu-Mi Lee, Ji-Yeon Shin, Duk-Hee Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):45-55. Published online November 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.198

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study was conducted to explore recent trends in the prevalence of pediatric elevated blood pressure and hypertension (HTN) in Korea and the United States, applying the new HTN reference values for adolescents.
Methods
This study analyzed 17 339 (8755 Korean and 8584 American) adolescents aged 10 to 17 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, respectively, between 2005 and 2016. HTN was defined using percentile-based reference values for non-overweight adolescents from 7 nations, and obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) based on country-specific growth charts. All analyses were stratified by sex and year-over-year changes were evaluated by calculating the p for trend.
Results
Systolic blood pressure showed a statistically meaningful upward trend in Korean boys and girls, while diastolic blood pressure did not show any significant changes. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels declined among United States boys and girls. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and HTN remained similar in Korean adolescents, but declined in both sexes among United States adolescents. BMI increased in both sexes among Korean adolescents, although the overweight and obesity rates stayed the same. No significant trends were found in any obesity indices among United States adolescents. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and HTN by obesity level was higher among Korean adolescents than among their United States peers in both sexes, and the gap became higher at more severe levels of obesity.
Conclusions
Despite the strong correlation between obesity and HTN, recent trends in the prevalence of HTN and obesity among Korean and United States adolescents were strikingly different. Follow-up studies are necessary to determine why the prevalence of HTN was more than twice as high among Korean adolescents than among their United States counterparts.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 새로운 소아청소년 고혈압 기준을 이용하여, 최근 한국과 미국 소아청소년들의 혈압 및 고혈압 유병률의 변화 추이를 비교하였다. 비만과 고혈압간의 높은 관련성에도 불구하고 한국과 미국 소아청소년의 고혈압 유병률과 비만율은 서로 다른 변화 추이를 나타내었으며, 고혈압 발생에 있어서 한국 소아청소년들이 미국 소아청소년들보다 비만에 더 취약할 가능성을 나타내고 있어 이에 관한 후속연구가 필요하다.

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Current status of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among adolescents in Asia: a systematic review
Binish Islam, Tasiu Ibrahim Ibrahim, Wang Tingting, Mingyang Wu, Qin Jiabi
Journal of Global Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association Between Obesity and Blood Pressure Among Iranian Children and Adolescents: A Sub-analysis from the SHED LIGHT Study
Avisa Tabib, Akbar Nikpajouh, Maryam Aryafar, Niloufar Samiei, Yousef Rezaei, Hassan Ziaodini, Azam Goodarzi, Bahareh Kazemborji, Nasim Naderi, Sepideh Taghavi, Hooman Bakhshandeh, Saeid Hosseini
Pediatric Cardiology.2024; 45(6): 1192. CrossRef
Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, Waist-To-Height Ratio: Which Affects Adolescent Hypertension More?
Melike TELLİOĞLU, Muammer YILMAZ, İnci ARIKAN, Yaşar ÇAKMAKÇI
Phoenix Medical Journal.2023; 5(1): 17. CrossRef
Combined associations of general obesity and central obesity with hypertension stages and phenotypes among children and adolescents in Zhejiang, China
Dong Zhao, Jiali Zhou, Danting Su, Yun Li, Weidi Sun, Boren Tan, Shuting Li, Ronghua Zhang, Peige Song
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2023; 25(11): 983. CrossRef
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Д. В. Денисова, Е. А. Беляевская
Ateroscleroz.2023; 19(3): 210. CrossRef
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International Journal of Epidemiology.2022; 51(4): 1190. CrossRef
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The Effect of Prenatal Cadmium Exposure on Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in 6-Year-old Children in Korea: Woosung Kim, Yoonyoung Jang, Youn-Hee Lim, Bung-Nyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):29-36. Published online November 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.175

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Cd exposure during gestation and ADHD at 6 years of age.
Methods
As part of an ongoing cohort study (the Environment and Development of Children study), 479 mother-child pairs from Seoul, Korea were included for analysis between 2008 and 2011. The whole blood concentration of Cd was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The parents were surveyed about ADHD behaviors in their children at age 6. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to Cd and ADHD at 6 years of age.
Results
Increased prenatal Cd concentrations were associated with increased scores for ADHD for girls, but not for boys, at age 6. A 2-fold increase in the prenatal Cd level was significantly associated with a 22.3% (95% confidence interval, 11.6 to 34.1) increase in ADHD in girls at 6 years of age, as indicated by the linear regression model.
Conclusions
Our results identified significant associations between prenatal Cd exposure and ADHD scores in 6-year-old girls.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구의 목적은 산모와 아이의 코호트 추적조사 상 임신 중 혈중의 중금속 카드뮴 농도가 6세 아이의 주의력결핍 과잉행동 장애(ADHD)와 연관이 있는지를 확인하는 것이다. 자료원으로는 환경부와 식약처 지원 어린이 코호트인 환경노출과 어린이 성장 코호트 (EDC)를 이용하였다. 총 479쌍의 산모-아이 쌍을 대상으로 다변수 선형 회귀분석을 통해 연관성을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 임신 중 산모의 혈중 카드뮴 농도가 2배 증가함에 따라 6세 여아의 한국어판 주의력결핍장애(ADHD) 평점척도 (K-ARS) 점수가 22.3% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

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Sex-specific Associations Between Serum Hemoglobin Levels and the Risk of Cause-specific Death in Korea Using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS HEALS): Yoonsuk An, Jieun Jang, Sangjun Lee, Sungji Moon, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(6):393-404. Published online November 1, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.146

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between blood hemoglobin (Hgb) levels and the risk of death by specific causes.
Methods
Using the National Health Insurance Services-National Health Screening Cohort (n=487 643), we classified serum Hgb levels into 6 sex-specific groups. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the associations between Hgb levels and the risk of cause-specific death.
Results
Hgb levels in male population showed a U-shaped, J-shaped, or inverse J-shaped association with the risk of death from ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, liver cancer, cirrhosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (all non-linear p<0.05; hazard ratio [HR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the lowest and the highest Hgb levels for the risk of each cause of death in male population: HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.34; HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.48 to 5.57; HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.40; HR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.44 to 6.48; HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.56; HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.26; HR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.49 to 5.33; HR, 5.97; 95% CI, 1.44 to 24.82; HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.30; HR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.22 to 12.13, respectively), while in female population, high Hgb levels were associated with a lower risk of death from hypertension and a higher risk of death from COPD (overall p<0.05; HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.67 for the lowest Hgb levels for hypertension; overall p<0.01, HR, 6.60; 95% CI, 2.37 to 18.14 for the highest Hgb levels for COPD). For the risk of lung cancer death by Hgb levels, a linear negative association was found in male population (overall p<0.01; the lowest Hgb levels, HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.33) but an inverse J-shaped association was found in female population (non-linear p=0.01; HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.63; HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.21 to 5.50).
Conclusions
Both low and high Hgb levels were associated with an increased risk of death from various causes, and some diseases showed different patterns according to sex.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2002년 및 2003년 한국 국민건강보험공단 건강검진 수검자 코호트(NHIS-HEALS)를 이용하여 총 487,643명을 대상으로 2013년 말일까지의 통계청 사망자료 추적관찰 기반 혈중 헤모글로빈과 전체, 심뇌혈관, 암, 기타 질환의 (만성 폐쇄성 폐질환, 간경화증) 사망위험 간 상관관계를 성별 층화하여 콕스회귀모형으로 분석하였음. 연구 결과 남성에서는 낮은 헤모글로빈 및 높은 헤모글로빈 농도와 허혈성 심질환, 심근경색, 간암, 간경화증, 그리고 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 사망위험이 통계적으로 유의하게 증가함을 보인 반면, 여성에서는 낮은 헤모글로빈 농도에서는 고혈압, 높은 헤모글로빈 농도에서는 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 사망위험도가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였음.결과적으로 낮은 그리고 높은 헤모글로빈 농도가 기존에 알려져 있던 심혈관질환의 사망위험에 영향을 주었을 뿐만 아니라 암 질환 및 기타 다른 질환들의 사망위험에도 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났기에 혈중 헤모글로빈 농도가 사망위험도의 잠재적인 예측인자로써의 가능성을 보였음. 주요 단어: 헤모글로빈, 빈혈, 사망, 성별, 한국인

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An Exploratory Study of Health Inequality Discourse Using Korean Newspaper Articles: A Topic Modeling Approach: Jin-Hwan Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(6):384-392. Published online October 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.221

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the health inequality discourse in the Korean press by analyzing newspaper articles using a relatively new content analysis technique.
Methods
This study used the search term “health inequality” to collect articles containing that term that were published between 2000 and 2018. The collected articles went through pre-processing and topic modeling, and the contents and temporal trends of the extracted topics were analyzed.
Results
A total of 1038 articles were identified, and 5 topics were extracted. As the number of studies on health inequality has increased over the past 2 decades, so too has the number of news articles regarding health inequality. The extracted topics were public health policies, social inequalities in health, inequality as a social problem, healthcare policies, and regional health gaps. The total number of occurrences of each topic increased every year, and the trend observed for each theme was influenced by events related to its contents, such as elections. Finally, the frequency of appearance of each topic differed depending on the type of news source.
Conclusions
The results of this study can be used as preliminary data for future attempts to address health inequality in Korea. To make addressing health inequality part of the public agenda, the media’s perspective and discourse regarding health inequality should be monitored to facilitate further strategic action.

Summary

Korean summary
건강불평등 해소는 한국사회의 중요한 목표이다. 이 연구에서는 건강불평등을 다룬 신문기사를 추출, 토픽모델링 기법을 적용해 공공의료, 사회경제적 요인에 따른 건강불평등, 사회문제로 불평등, 보건의료정책, 지역건강격차의 다섯 가지 주제를 도출하였다. 언론이 건강불평등을 다루는 방식은 학술적 연구에서 건강불평등을 다루는 방식과는 유사하였으나, 건강취약지역의 저소득층의 인식과는 차이가 있었다.

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The Association of Perceived Neighborhood Walkability and Environmental Pollution With Frailty Among Community-dwelling Older Adults in Korean Rural Areas: A Cross-sectional Study: Mi-Ji Kim, Sung-Hyo Seo, Ae-Rim Seo, Bo-Kyoung Kim, Gyeong-Ye Lee, Yeun-Soon Choi, Jin-Hwan Kim, Jang-Rak Kim, Yune-Sik Kang, Baek-Geun Jeong, Ki-Soo Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(6):405-415. Published online October 24, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.166

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of frailty with perceived neighborhood walkability and environmental pollution among community-dwelling older adults in rural areas.
Methods
The participants were 808 community-dwelling men and women aged 65 years and older in 2 rural towns. Comprehensive information, including demographics, socioeconomic status, grip strength, polypharmacy, perceived neighborhood environment (specifically, walkability and environmental pollution), and frailty, was collected from participants using face-to-face interviews conducted between June and August 2018. Perceived neighborhood walkability was measured using 20 items that were selected and revised from the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, the Neighborhood Walkability Checklist from the National Heart Foundation of Australia, and the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Survey. The Kaigo-Yobo Checklist was used to assess participants’ frailty.
Results
The overall prevalence of frailty in this community-dwelling population was 35.5%. Sex, age, cohabitation status, educational attainment, employment status, grip strength, and polypharmacy were significantly associated with frailty. In the logistic regression analysis, frailty was associated with low perceived neighborhood walkability (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.881; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.833 to 0.932; p<0.001) and severe perceived neighborhood environmental pollution (aOR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.017 to 1.087; p=0.003) after adjusting for sex, age, cohabitation status, educational attainment, employment status, monthly income, grip strength, and polypharmacy.
Conclusions
More studies are warranted to establish causal relationships between walkability and environmental pollution and frailty.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 우리나라 농촌지역 노인들이 인지하는 지역 환경과 노쇠의 연관성을 확인하기 위하여 자기보고식 설문지로 인지된 보행편의성 및 환경오염을 측정하였고, Kaigo-Yobo 평가척도로 노쇠를 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 노쇠에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 변수들을 통제한 후에도 인지된 보행편의성의 감소와 인지된 환경오염의 증가는 노쇠와 관련성이 있었다.

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Perceived Discrimination, Depression, and the Role of Perceived Social Support as an Effect Modifier in Korean Young Adults: Kwanghyun Kim, Sun Jae Jung, So Mi Jemma Cho, Ji Hye Park, Hyeon Chang Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(6):366-376. Published online October 24, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.114

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The relationships among discrimination, social support, and mental health have mostly been studied in minorities, and relevant studies in the general population are lacking. We aimed to investigate associations between discrimination and depressive symptoms in Korean non-minority young adults, considering the role of social support.
Methods
In total, 372 participants who completed the psychological examinations conducted in the third wave of the Jangseong High School Cohort study were included. We used the Everyday Discrimination Scale to evaluate perceived discrimination and the Beck Depression Inventory-II to measure depressive symptoms. Social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to investigate associations between discrimination and depression, along with the effect modification of social support. We stratified the population by gender to investigate gender differences.
Results
Perceived discrimination was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β=0.736, p<0.001), and social support was negatively associated with depression (β=-0.245, p<0.001). In men, support from friends was the most influential factor (β=-0.631, p=0.011), but no significant effect modification was found. In women, support from family was the most influential factor (β=-0.440, p=0.010), and women with higher familial support showed a significantly diminished association between discrimination and depression, unlike those with lower family support.
Conclusions
Discrimination perceived by individuals can lead to depressive symptoms in Korean young adults, and this relationship can may differ by gender and social support status.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 한국인에서 차별이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 사회적 지지가 차별의 건강영향을 조절하는지 확인하고자 하였다. 인지된 차별은 우울 증상과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 높은 사회적 지지는 차별의 부정적 건강 영향을 경감시키는 효과를 보였다. 남성에서는 친구로부터의 사회적 지지가 가장 강한 영향력을 나타냈으며, 여성에서는 가족으로부터의 사회적 지지가 가장 강한 효과를 보였다.

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Reliability and Validity of the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol for Public Hospitals in Korea: Clara Lee, Stella Jung-Hyun Kim, Changwoo Lee, Euichul Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):316-322. Published online September 12, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.125

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212 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study was conducted to assess the applicability of the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP) for public hospitals in Korea.
Methods
In May 2016, 1500 admission claims were collected from Korean public district hospitals using stratified random sampling. Of these claims, 560 admissions to 37 hospitals were retrieved for analysis. Medical records administrators determined the appropriateness of admission using the criteria detailed in the AEP, and a physician separately assessed the appropriateness of admission based on her clinical judgment. To examine the applicability of the AEP, the concordance of the decisions made between a pair of AEP reviewers and between an AEP reviewer and a physician reviewer was compared.
Results
The results showed an almost perfect inter-rater agreement between the AEP reviewers and a moderate agreement between the AEP reviewers and the physician. The sensitivity and specificity of the AEP were calculated as 0.86 and 0.56, respectively.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the AEP could potentially be applied to Korean public hospitals as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the appropriateness of admissions.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 우리나라 공공병원을 대상으로 Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol(AEP) 도구를 적용가능성을 검토하기 위해 실시되었다. 우리나라의 지역공공병원 입원자료(2016년 5월 기준)를 층화무작위추출을 통해 1,500건을 추출하였으며, 이중 37개 병원의 560건에 대해 입원적정성을 분석하였다. 의무기록사 2인은 AEP 도구를 이용하여 입원적정성을 각각 검토하였고, 의사 1인은 전문가적 판단을 기준으로 검토하였다. AEP 도구의 적용가능성을 판단하기 위해 의무기록사간 그리고 의무기록사-의사간 일치율을 산출하였다. 의무기록사간 일치율은 거의 완벽한 수준으로 나타났고, 의무기록사-의사간은 중등도의 일치율을 보였다. 민감도, 특이도는 각각 0.86 그리고 0.56이었다. 이러한 결과는 AEP 도구가 우리나라 공공병원의 입원적정성을 평가하기 위한 일관적이고 정확한 도구임을 제시한다.

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Journal of General Internal Medicine.2023; 38(7): 1655. CrossRef
Strategies to improve the flow of admissions and hospital stays: a Delphi study of an adaptation of the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP)
A. Morillo-Rodríguez, S. Alonso-Fernández, J.M. Mòdol Deltell, B. Soldevila Madorell, Ll. Benito-Aracil, D. Parés
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Estrategias para mejorar el flujo de ingresos y estancias hospitalarias: adaptación del cuestionario Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP): estudio Delphi
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Estimating Influenza-associated Mortality in Korea: The 2009-2016 Seasons: Kwan Hong, Sangho Sohn, Byung Chul Chun; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):308-315. Published online August 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.156

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Estimating influenza-associated mortality is important since seasonal influenza affects persons of all ages, causing severe illness or death. This study aimed to estimate influenza-associated mortality, considering both periodic changes and age-specific mortality by influenza subtypes.
Methods
Using the Microdata Integrated Service from Statistics Korea, we collected weekly mortality data including cause of death. Laboratory surveillance data of respiratory viruses from 2009 to 2016 were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. After adjusting for the annual age-specific population size, we used a negative binomial regression model by age group and influenza subtype.
Results
Overall, 1 859 890 deaths were observed and the average rate of influenza virus positivity was 14.7% (standard deviation [SD], 5.8), with the following subtype distribution: A(H1N1), 5.0% (SD, 5.8); A(H3N2), 4.4% (SD, 3.4); and B, 5.3% (SD, 3.7). As a result, among individuals under 65 years old, 6774 (0.51%) all-cause deaths, 2521 (3.05%) respiratory or circulatory deaths, and 1048 (18.23%) influenza or pneumonia deaths were estimated. Among those 65 years of age or older, 30 414 (2.27%) all-cause deaths, 16 411 (3.42%) respiratory or circulatory deaths, and 4906 (6.87%) influenza or pneumonia deaths were estimated. Influenza A(H3N2) virus was the major contributor to influenza-associated all-cause and respiratory or circulatory deaths in both age groups. However, influenza A(H1N1) virus–associated influenza or pneumonia deaths were more common in those under 65 years old.
Conclusions
Influenza-associated mortality was substantial during this period, especially in the elderly. By subtype, influenza A(H3N2) virus made the largest contribution to influenza-associated mortality.

Summary

Korean summary
계절 인플루엔자는 심각한 호흡기 합병증으로 진행할 수 있어 질병 부담의 추산이 중요한 질병이다. 현재까지는 연령별, 인플루엔자 연관 사망을 정확하게 추산하기 어려웠으나, 본 연구에서는 이를 추산하기 위해 고안된 다양한 방법 중 음이항 회귀 분석을 이용하여 2009년부터 2016년간 인플루엔자 아형별 연관 사망을 추산하였다. 그 결과, 전체 사망자 중 65세 미만에서 약 6,774명, 65세 이상에서 약 30,414명의 연간 인플루엔자 사망이 추산되었고, 이는 특히 인플루엔자 아형 중 전체 연령에서 A(H3N2) 연관 사망이 가장 많은 비율을 차지했다.

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Microbusinesses and Occupational Stress: Emotional Demands, Job Resources, and Depression Among Korean Immigrant Microbusiness Owners in Toronto, Canada: Il-Ho Kim, Samuel Noh, Cyu-Chul Choi, Kwame McKenzie; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):299-307. Published online August 16, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.134

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
While occupational stress has long been a central focus of psychological research, few studies have investigated how immigrant microbusiness owners (MBOs) respond to their unusually demanding occupation, or how their unresolved occupational stress manifests in psychological distress. Based on the job demands-resources model, this study compared MBOs to employees with regard to the relationships among emotional demands, job resources, and depressive symptoms.
Methods
Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of 1288 Korean immigrant workers (MBOs, professionals, office workers, and manual workers) aged 30 to 70, living in Toronto and surrounding areas. Face-to-face interviews were conducted between March 2013 and November 2013.
Results
Among the four occupational groups, MBOs appeared to endure the greatest level of emotional demands, while reporting relatively lower levels of job satisfaction and job security; but MBOs reported the greatest job autonomy. The effect of emotional demands on depressive symptoms was greater for MBOs than for professionals. However, an inspection of stress-resource interactions indicated that though MBOs enjoyed the greatest autonomy, the protective effects of job satisfaction and security on the psychological risk of emotional demands appeared to be more pronounced for MBOs than for any of the employee groups.
Conclusions
One in two Korean immigrants choose self-employment, most typically in family-owned microbusinesses that involve emotionally taxing dealings with clients and suppliers. However, the benefits of job satisfaction and security may protect MBOs from the adverse mental health effects of job stress.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 고용직(전문직, 사무직, 육체직)에 비교하여 영세사업자의 감정노동이 우울 수준에 미치는 영향과 직무자원(직업자율성, 직업만족도, 직업안정성)의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 영세사업자가 전문직에 비하여 감정노동이 우울감에 미치는 영향이 유의하게 높았다. 또한 전문직에 비하여 영세사업자에서 직업만족도와 직업안정성이 감정노동의 우울 영향을 유의하게 감소시켰으나, 직업자율성은 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.

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Review

Measurement of Socioeconomic Position in Research on Cardiovascular Health Disparities in Korea: A Systematic Review: Chi-Young Lee, Yong-Hwan Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):281-291. Published online August 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.094

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The validity of instruments measuring socioeconomic position (SEP) has been a major area of concern in research on cardiovascular health disparities. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the current status of the methods used to measure SEP in research on cardiovascular health disparities in Korea and to provide directions for future research.
Methods
Relevant articles were obtained through electronic database searches with manual searches of reference lists and no restriction on the date of publication. SEP indicators were categorized into compositional, contextual, composite, and life-course measures.
Results
Forty-eight studies published from 2003 to 2018 satisfied the review criteria. Studies utilizing compositional measures mainly relied on a limited number of SEP parameters. In addition, these measures hardly addressed the time-varying and subjective features of SEP. Finding valid contextual measures at the organizational, community, and societal levels that are appropriate to Korea’s context remains a challenge, and these are rarely modeled simultaneously. Studies have rarely focused on composite and life-course measures.
Conclusions
Future studies should develop and utilize valid compositional and contextual measures and appraise social patterns that vary across time, place, and culture using such measures. Studies should also consider multilevel influences, adding a focus on the interactions between different levels of intertwined SEP factors to advance the design of research. More attention should be given to composite and life-course measures.

Summary

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Original Articles

Associations Between Activities Outside Work and Presenteeism Among Korean Wage Workers: An Analysis Using a Nationwide Survey: Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):292-298. Published online August 2, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.132

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Presenteeism is currently recognized as a significant global health issue that can potentially cause productivity losses. Hence, many studies have analyzed the relationships between workplace factors and presenteeism. However, few studies have considered non-occupational factors. This study examined the associations between presenteeism and activities outside work, including volunteering, self-development, leisure/sports, and gardening and house repair activities, in Korean wage workers.
Methods
This study analyzed the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey, in which a total of 19 294 wage workers participated. To identify relationships between presenteeism and activities outside work, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics.
Results
Self-development and leisure/sports activities significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of presenteeism (OR, 1.166; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.061 to 1.282 and OR, 1.276; 95% CI, 1.181 to 1.379, respectively).
Conclusions
Certain activities outside work, such as self-development or leisure/sports, were related to presenteeism among Korean wage workers. Although many previous studies have emphasized the positive effects of those activities on health, this study documented negative effects of these activities outside work on health.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 제4차 근로환경조사를 통해 한국인 임금근로자들에서 다양한 ‘업무 외 활동’과 프리젠티즘과의 연관성을 알아보았다. 자기계발 및 레저/스포츠활동 등의 ‘업무 외 활동’에 참여할 경우 프리젠티즘 위험도가 상승했으며, 이를 통해 자기계발의 긍정적인 역할을 강조 하였던 기존 연구들과는 달리 ‘업무 외 활동’의 부정적인 면을 확인 할 수 있었다.

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Investigating Associations Between Physical Activity and Presenteeism – A Scoping Review
Valérie Hervieux, Caroline Biron, Justine Dima
American Journal of Health Promotion.2023; 37(8): 1147. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal symptoms and presentism among professionals of public health management of Belem-PA, Brazil
William Rafael Almeida Moraes, Laura Maria Tomazi Neves, Rita Cristina Cotta Alcântara
ABCS Health Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Poor People and Poor Health: Examining the Mediating Effect of Unmet Healthcare Needs in Korea: Youngsoo Kim, Saerom Kim, Seungmin Jeong, Sang Guen Cho, Seung-sik Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(1):51-59. Published online January 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.162

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210 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to estimate the mediating effect of subjective unmet healthcare needs on poor health. The mediating effect of unmet needs on health outcomes was estimated.
Methods
Cross-sectional research method was used to analyze Korea Health Panel data from 2011 to 2015, investigating the mediating effect for each annual dataset and lagged dependent variables.
Results
The magnitude of the effect of low income on poor health and the mediating effect of unmet needs were estimated using age, sex, education level, employment status, healthcare insurance status, disability, and chronic disease as control variables and selfrated health as the dependent variable. The mediating effect of unmet needs due to financial reasons was between 14.7% to 32.9% of the total marginal effect, and 7.2% to 18.7% in lagged model.
Conclusions
The fixed-effect logit model demonstrated that the existence of unmet needs raised the likelihood of poor self-rated health. However, only a small proportion of the effects of low income on health was mediated by unmet needs, and the results varied annually. Further studies are necessary to search for ways to explain the varying results in the Korea Health Panel data, as well as to consider a time series analysis of the mediating effect. The results of this study present the clear implication that even though it is crucial to address the unmet needs, but it is not enough to tackle the income related health inequalities.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구에서는 2011년부터 2015년까지의 한국의료패널 자료를 이용하여 미충족의료과 불건강의 관련성을 살펴보고, 불건강을 매개하는 미충족의료의 크기를 추정했다. 미충족의료는 개인고정효과를 보정하였을 때 불건강에 유의한 영향 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 미충족의료가 매개하는 저소득의 건강 효과는 저소득이 불건강에 미치는 전체 효과 중 일부에 지나지 않았으며, 효과의 크기는 분석 연도 별로 일정하지 않게 나타났다. 이는 건강불평등을 줄이기 위한 정책 개입에서 미충족의료 해소가 유의미한 정책 목표로 가치가 있지만 그 한계 또한 명확하다는 것을 의미한다.

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Blood Pressure and the Risk of Death From Non-cardiovascular Diseases: A Population-based Cohort Study of Korean Adults: Jeoungbin Choi, Jieun Jang, Yoonsuk An, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):298-309. Published online November 14, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.212

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and the risk of death from specific causes other than cardiovascular diseases.
Methods
We calculated the risk of specific death by SBP and DBP categories for 506 508 health examinees in 2002-2003 using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
Compared to normal levels (SBP <120 or DBP <90 mmHg), stage I systolic and diastolic hypertension (SBP 140-159, DBP 85- 89 mmHg, respectively) were associated with an increased risk of death from diabetes mellitus, alcoholic liver disease, and renal failure (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.22; HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.46; HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.64 to 3.21; HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.20; HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.81; HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.73, respectively), but a decreased risk of death from intestinal pneumonia (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.98; HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.91). Only stage II systolic hypertension (SBP ≥160 mmHg) was associated with an increased risk of death from pneumonia, liver cirrhosis, and intestinal ischemia (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.98; HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.15; HR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.24 to 11.40, respectively), and stage I and II diastolic hypertension (SBP 140-159 and ≥160 mmHg) were associated with an increased risk of death from intestinal ischemia (HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.27 to 7.38; HR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.62 to 11.88, respectively).
Conclusions
An increase in blood pressure levels may alter the risk of death from certain causes other than cardiovascular diseases, a well-known outcome of hypertension, although the mechanism of these associations is not well documented.

Summary

Korean summary
2002년 및 2003년 한국 국민건강보험공단 건강검진 수검자 코호트(NHIS-HEALS) 중 506,508명을 대상으로 2013년 말일까지의 통계청 사망자료 기반 심뇌혈관질환을 제외한 기타 사망원인으로의 사망위험을 콕스회귀모형으로 분석한 결과에서 1단계 수축기 고혈압 군과 1단계 이완기 고혈압 군에서 당뇨, 알코올성 간질환, 콩팥부전 사망의 위험도가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가함을 보인 반면, 간질성 폐렴의 사망위험은 유의하게 감소함을 보였다. 2단계 수축기 고혈압 군에서는 폐렴, 간경화 및 허혈성 장질환의 사망위험이 증가하는 것을 보였다. 혈압의 증가가 기존에 알려진 심뇌혈관 질환 이외의 사망위험도에도 연관된 것으로 보이며, 고혈압의 질병부담 연구 및 보건정책 수립시 이 같은 점에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

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