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Original Articles
The Diabetogenic Effect of Statin Use May Interact With Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From the UK Biobank
Jong Hyun Park, Kyu-Taek Lim, Jooyeon Lee, Yongjin Gil, Joohon Sung
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):92-102.   Published online December 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.671
  • 945 View
  • 147 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Statins are essential in the prevention of cardiovascular disease; however, their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk is concerning. We examined whether genetic susceptibility to T2DM modifies the association between regular statin use and T2DM risk.
Methods
This study included 447 176 individuals from the UK Biobank without baseline diabetes or major cardiovascular disease. Statin use was recorded at baseline, and T2DM incidence was determined using clinical records. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for T2DM risk were provided by the UK Biobank. Using propensity scores adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidities, 14 831 statin users were matched with 37 060 non-users. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the interaction effect of statin use and PRS on T2DM incidence, adjusting for key confounders.
Results
In the propensity-matched cohort, 3675 of 51 891 participants developed T2DM over a mean follow-up period of 13.7 years. Within the top 5% of the PRS distribution, per 1000 person-years, the incidence of T2DM was 15.42 for statin users versus 12.18 for non-users. Among the lowest 5%, the incidence was 1.90 for statin users and 1.65 for non-users. Based on the Cox proportional hazards model, regular statin use was associated with a 1.24-fold increased T2DM risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.33). Furthermore, PRS exhibited a significant multiplicative interaction with regular statin use (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.19).
Conclusions
PRS may help identify individuals particularly susceptible to the diabetogenic effects of statins, providing a potential path for personalized cardiovascular disease management.
Summary
Korean summary
스타틴은 심혈관 질환 예방에 필수적이지만, 제2형 당뇨병 발생 위험을 높인다고 알려져 있습니다. 본 연구는 영국 바이오뱅크 데이터를 활용하여, 스타틴 사용과 제2형 당뇨병 다유전자 위험 점수(Polygenic Risk Score, PRS)의 상호작용이 당뇨병 발생 위험에 미치는 영향을 분석했습니다. 연구 결과, PRS가 높은 집단에서는 스타틴 사용이 제2형 당뇨병 발생 위험을 유의하게 증가시켰으나, PRS가 낮은 집단에서는 스타틴 사용이 오히려 당뇨병 위험을 낮추는 경향을 보였습니다. 이러한 결과는 유전적 요인을 고려한 맞춤형 심혈관 질환 예방 전략의 중요성을 시사합니다.
Key Message
This study highlights that the diabetogenic effect of statins interacts significantly with genetic predisposition, as quantified by polygenic risk scores (PRS) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals with high PRS are at a significantly increased risk of developing T2DM with statin use, while those with low PRS may experience a reduced risk. These findings underscore the potential of integrating genetic risk stratification into clinical decision-making to optimize the balance between cardiovascular benefits and T2DM risk in statin therapy.
The Development of an Assessment Instrument for Behavior Toward Hypoglycemia Risk Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia
Putu Rika Veryanti, Rani Sauriasari, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Berna Elya, Muhammad Ikhsan Mokoagow
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):31-43.   Published online November 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.313
  • 776 View
  • 183 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patients’ behavior toward the risk of hypoglycemia through self-assessment. Insufficient education and supervision of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients by healthcare providers is a significant concern, affecting their behavior during the treatment process. Additionally, inappropriate behavior typically increases the risk of hypoglycemia. To mitigate this risk, several studies have recommended evaluating patients’ behavior, necessitating the development of a new instrument.
Methods
The study procedures were conducted in 3 stages: instrument development (face and content validity, stage I), construct validity and reliability test (stage II), and criterion validity (stage III). Stage I involved 5 healthcare practitioners, including internal medicine doctors, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists in hospitals and community health centers. Stage II included 20 respondents using a 1-shot test method. Stage III involved 237 type 2 DM outpatients at Central General Hospital (RSUP) in Jakarta, employing a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling.
Results
The results indicated that the developed instrument was valid and reliable, comprising 9 domains (29 questions). These domains included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Furthermore, poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times.
Conclusions
Based on these results, the developed instrument could be effectively used to evaluate behavior toward hypoglycemia among type 2 DM outpatients, confirming its validity and reliability.
Summary
Key Message
The development of an assessment instrument for behavior toward hypoglycemia risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia have been carried out. The instrument contains 9 domains, included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times. The instrument developed is valid and reliable.
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess the Safe Use of Antidiabetic Medication to Prevent Hypoglycemia Requiring Hospitalization Among Ambulatory Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bali, Indonesia
Made Krisna Adi Jaya, Fita Rahmawati, Nanang Munif Yasin, Zullies Ikawati
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):52-59.   Published online October 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.424
  • 830 View
  • 171 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) require special attention when being discharged from the hospital with anti-diabetes medication. This necessity stems primarily from the risk of adverse drug reactions, particularly hypoglycemia. However, this risk is significantly influenced by the patients’ knowledge and behavior regarding their medication use. This study aimed to develop instrument to assess the risk of medication-related hypoglycemia in ambulatory T2DM patients by clinical pharmacists.
Methods
The study was conducted using an observational design that included multiple stages. These stages involved item development through focus group discussions (FGDs), content validation by clinical pharmacists, and criterion and construct validation by ambulatory T2DM patients using a cross-sectional approach.
Results
A total of 10 question items were developed for assessment by clinical pharmacists following FGDs and content validation. Criterion and construct validation identified 8 valid question items through multivariate analysis (p<0.05). The scoring system developed demonstrated a linear relationship between the score and the number of items at risk in the instrument (p<0.05, R²=0.988). Additionally, the instrument was named “Medication-related Hypoglycemia Risk Score Assessment Tools (HYPOGLYRISK).”
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that HYPOGLYRISK may serve as a useful tool for clinical pharmacists to evaluate the risk of medication-related hypoglycemia in ambulatory T2DM patients. Additionally, this instrument could assist clinical pharmacists in identifying priority patients and tailoring educational services to meet their specific goals and needs.
Summary
Key Message
- HYPOGLYRISK is an instrument that can be used to assess the risk of hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization in T2DM patients. This instrument met all the requirements for psychometric properties testing in this study. - Patients discharged on antidiabetic medications can be screened for risk of severe hypoglycemia using HYPOGLYRISK, specifically by pharmacists, during drug dispensing. - Patients with T2DM must be ensured to have knowledge related to the five dimensions of medication safety to avoid the risk of hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization.
Systematic Review
Effects of Physical and Mind-body Exercise on Sleep Quality in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Yohanes Andy Rias, Renny Wulan Apriliyasari, Made Satya Nugraha Gautama, Faizul Hasan, Margareta Teli, Hsiao-Yean Chiu, Ratsiri Thato
J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):1-10.   Published online October 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.354
  • 1,790 View
  • 339 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Physical and mind-body exercises represent distinct intervention strategies that may improve sleep quality by influencing physiological and psychological factors. Nevertheless, their effectiveness in individuals with diabetes is not well-established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impacts of physical and mind-body exercise interventions on sleep quality in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods
Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Ovid-Medline Library. The effect size for sleep quality was calculated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), employing a random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also examined, and subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed.
Results
Physical and mind-body exercise interventions significantly improved sleep quality, with an SMD of -1.040 (95% CI, -1.686 to -0.394). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences with respect to the type of intervention (p=0.047), or its duration (p=0.282). Meta-regression analysis indicated that mean hemoglobin A1c level was the only factor to be significantly related to the effect size for sleep quality, demonstrating a negative association (p=0.033). The assessment of publication bias and the sensitivity analysis suggested that the findings were reliable and robust.
Conclusions
Physical and mind-body exercises may serve as effective interventions for patients with diabetes mellitus who experience poor sleep quality. However, to substantiate these findings, additional rigorous RCTs with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and standardized interventions are required.
Summary
Key Message
This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the impact of physical and mind-body exercise interventions on sleep quality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, examining six randomised, controlled trials. The results indicated a notable enhancement in sleep quality. A meta-analysis revealed a negative correlation between haemoglobin A1c levels and improvements in sleep quality. The findings suggest that physical and mind-body exercise are effective methods for improving sleep quality; however, additional rigorous research with larger sample sizes and standardised protocols is necessary.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Acute and chronic effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
    Zoé Breuil-Marsal, Clémence Godek, Amandine Lotti, Patrick Feiereisen, Isabela Roque Marçal, Patricia Rehder-Santos, Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos, Raphael Martins de Abreu
    Frontiers in Sports and Active Living.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Articles
Healthcare Utilization and Discrepancies by Income Level Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in Korea: An Analysis of National Health Insurance Sample Cohort Data
Eun Jee Park, Nam Ju Ji, Chang Hoon You, Weon Young Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):471-479.   Published online August 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.165
  • 1,652 View
  • 208 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The use of qualitative healthcare services or its discrepancy between different income levels of the type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients has seldom been studied concurrently. The present study is unique that regarding T2D patients of early stages of diagnosis. Aimed to assess the utilization of qualitative healthcare services and influence of income levels on the inequality of care among newly diagnosed patients with T2D.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 7590 patients was conducted by the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort 2.0 from 2002 to 2015. Insured employee in 2013 with no history of T2D between 2002 and 2012 were included. The standard of diabetes care includes hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc; 4 times/y), eyes (once/y) and lipid abnormalities (once/y). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the difference between income levels and inequality of care.
Results
From years 1 to 3, rates of appropriate screening fell from 16.9% to 14.1% (HbA1c), 15.8% to 14.5% (eye), and 59.2% to 33.2% (lipid abnormalities). Relative to income class 5 (the highest-income group), HbA1 screening was significantly less common in class 2 (year 2: odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.99; year 3: OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.91). In year 1, lipid screening was less common in class 1 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98) than in class 5, a trend that continued in year 2. Eye screening rates were consistently lower in class 1 than in class 5 (year 1: OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.89; year 2: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.78; year 3: OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.99).
Conclusions
Newly diagnosed T2D patients have shown low rate of HbA1c and screening for diabetic-related complications and experienced inequality in relation to receiving qualitative diabetes care by income levels.
Summary
Korean summary
의료서비스 이용의 강도와 질을 측정하는 당뇨 관련 합병증 검진율은 저소득층에서 특히 낮았습니다. 보편적 건강 보장이 있는 국가에서도 신환환자 특히 낮은 경제적 계층의 치료 불균형을 해소 하기 위해서는 재정적 부담은 절감하고, 건강 문해력 증진시키고, 일차의료 기관의 기능을 최적화 하여 책임을 강화하는 것이 필요합니다.
Key Message
Diabetic-related complications screening rates that measure the intensity and quality of medical care service usage were statistically lower in low-income groups. Reducing financial burden, promoting health literacy and optimizing the function of primary care physician and reinforcing the health care provider’s accountability are necessary to address the discrepancy of care for those with low socioeconomic status people in early stage of disease, even in nations with universal health coverage.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Older Adults with Diabetes in Korea: Latest Clinical and Epidemiologic Trends
    Kyuho Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyuna Lee, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Seung Yun
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2025; 49(2): 183.     CrossRef
Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship Between Prescribing Institutions and Medication Adherence Among Patients With Hypertension and Diabetes in Korea
Haryeom Ghang, Juhyang Lee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(6):504-514.   Published online October 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.252
  • 1,928 View
  • 128 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study investigated the relationship between prescribing institutions and medication adherence among patients newly diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes.
Methods
This study investigated patients with new prescriptions for hypertension and diabetes in Korea in 2019 with using data collected from general health screenings. A multilevel logistic regression model was applied to explore the relationship between patients’ first prescribing institution and their medication adherence, defined as a medication possession ratio (MPR) over 80%.
Results
The overall adherence rates were 53.7% and 56.0% among patients with hypertension and diabetes, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 13.2% for hypertension and 13.8% for diabetes (p<0.001), implying that the first prescribing institution had a significant role in medication adherence. With clinics as the reference group, all other types of hospitals showed an odds ratio (OR) less than 1.00, with the lowest for tertiary hospitals (OR, 0.30 for hypertension; 0.45 for diabetes), and the next lowest in health screening specialized clinics (OR, 0.51 for hypertension; 0.46 for diabetes). Among individual-level variables, female sex, older age, higher insurance premium level, and residing in cities were positively associated with adherence in both the hypertension and diabetes samples.
Conclusions
This study showed that the prescribing institution had a significant relationship with medication adherence. When the first prescribing institution was a clinic, newly diagnosed patients were more likely to adhere to their medication. These results highlight the important role played by primary care institutions in managing mild chronic diseases.
Summary
Korean summary
2019년 일반건강검진을 통해 발견된 고혈압과 당뇨병의 신규 환자를 대상으로 복약순응도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 검진 후 첫번째 처방기관이 의원인 경우에 비해 다른 종별 의료기관인 경우 복약순응 오즈비가 모두 감소하였는데 상급종합병원이 가장 낮았고(고혈압 0.30, 당뇨병 0.45), 그 다음은 검진전문의원인 것으로 나타났다(고혈압 0.51, 당뇨병 0.46).
Key Message
This study investigated the relationship between prescribing institutions and medication adherence among patients newly diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes using general health screening data in Korea in 2019. The results showed that with clinics as the reference group, all other types of hospitals showed an odds ratio (OR) less than 1.00, with the lowest for tertiary hospitals (OR, 0.30 for hypertension; 0.45 for diabetes), and the next lowest in health screening specialized clinics (OR, 0.51 for hypertension; 0.46 for diabetes).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Diabetogenic Effect of Statin Use May Interact With Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From the UK Biobank
    Jong Hyun Park, Kyu-Taek Lim, Jooyeon Lee, Yongjin Gil, Joohon Sung
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(1): 92.     CrossRef
The Association Between PM2.5 Exposure and Diabetes Mellitus Among Thai Army Personnel
Apisorn Laorattapong, Sarun Poobunjirdkul, Thanapoom Thanapoom, Wiroj Jiamjarasrangsi
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):449-457.   Published online September 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.292
  • 3,052 View
  • 135 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study investigated the association between baseline exposures to particulate matter with a diameter < 2.5 microns (PM2.5) and subsequent temporal changes in PM2.5 exposure with the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Royal Thai Army personnel.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using nationwide health check-up data from 21 325 Thai Army personnel between 2018 and 2021. Multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival statistics were utilized to analyze the relationship between baseline (i.e., PM2.5-baseline) and subsequent changes (i.e., PM2.5-change) in PM2.5 exposure and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to assess this association while considering covariates.
Results
There was a significant association between both PM2.5 baseline and PM2.5-change and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response manner. Compared to quartile 1, the HRs for quartiles 2 to 4 of PM2.5-baseline were 1.11 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.65), 1.51 (95% CI, 1.00 to 2.28), and 1.77 (95% CI, 1.07 to 2.93), respectively. Similarly, the HRs for quartiles 2 to 4 of PM2.5-change were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.75), 1.43 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.81) and 2.40 (95% CI, 1.84 to 3.14), respectively.
Conclusions
Our findings contribute to existing evidence regarding the association between short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and the incidence of diabetes among personnel in the Royal Thai Army.
Summary
Key Message
We simultaneously investigated the impact of the baseline and temporal variations in the exposure to particulate matter (PM) with a diameter <2.5 microns (PM2.5) on type 2 diabetes risk among the Royal Thai Army personnel. We found stronger evidence on the impact of the temporal variation in PM2.5 exposure on the disease risk than that of the baseline variation. This finding may reflect the shorter time frame between the increased PM2.5 exposure and changes in fasting plasma glucose level.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Influence of Air Pollution Exposures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Review
    Li-Hao Guo, Mohammed Zeeshan, Guo-Feng Huang, Duo-Hong Chen, Min Xie, Jun Liu, Guang-Hui Dong
    Current Environmental Health Reports.2023; 10(4): 501.     CrossRef
Health-related Quality of Life of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Measured With the Bahasa Indonesia Version of EQ-5D in Primary Care Settings in Indonesia
Muhammad Husen Prabowo, Ratih Puspita Febrinasari, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, Yodi Mahendradhata, Anni-Maria Pulkki-Brännström, Ari Probandari
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):467-474.   Published online September 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.229
  • 2,906 View
  • 161 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health issue that places a heavy financial, social, and health-related burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is extensively used for monitoring the general population’s health conditions and measuring the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, this study investigated HRQoL and associated factors among patients with type 2 DM at a primary healthcare center in Indonesia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia, from May 2019 to July 2019. In total, 260 patients with DM registered with National Health Insurance were interviewed. HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol Group’s validated Bahasa Indonesia version of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) with the Indonesian value set. Multivariate regression models were used to identify factors influencing HRQoL.
Results
Data from 24 patients were excluded due to incomplete information. Most participants were men (60.6%), were aged above 50 years (91.5%), had less than a senior high school education (75.0%), and were unemployed (85.6%). The most frequent health problems were reported for the pain/discomfort dimension (64.0%) followed by anxiety (28.4%), mobility (17.8%), usual activities (10.6%), and self-care (6.8%). The average EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) index score was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.88). In the multivariate ordinal regression model, a higher education level (coefficient, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14) was a significant predictor of the EQ-5D-5L utility score.
Conclusions
Patients with diabetes had poorer EQ-5D-5L utility values than the general population. DM patients experienced pain/discomfort and anxiety. There was a substantial positive relationship between education level and HRQoL.
Summary
Key Message
This study examined Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in 260 type 2 diabetes patients in Indonesia. Most were male (60.6%), over 50 (91.5%), with low education (75%) and unemployed (85.6%). Pain/discomfort was the most common issue (64%), followed by anxiety (28.4%). The average HRQoL score was 0.86. Higher education positively impacted HRQoL. Diabetes patients face lower HRQoL compared to the general population, with notable issues in pain and anxiety. Education level significantly influences HRQoL. This highlights the importance of education in improving the well-being of diabetes patients in Indonesia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Socio-demographic disparities in health-related quality of life in hypertensive patients in Bangladesh: a comprehensive survey analysis
    Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Nesar Uddin Sorkar, Ryota Nakamura, Md. Monirul Islam, Md. Ashraful Alam, Syed Khurram Azmat, Motohiro Sato
    Quality of Life Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genetic CYP2A6 Polymorphism May Worsen Glycohemoglobin Levels: Study among Javanese Indonesian Smokers
    Christine Patramurti, Dita Maria Virginia
    Borneo Journal of Pharmacy.2024; 7(1): 29.     CrossRef
Perspective
A Lifestyle Communication Tool: Association of E-cigarette Use and Pre-diabetes
Nilanga Aki Bandara, Tanisha Vallani, Xuan Randy Zhou, Senara Hansini Palihawadane, Rochelle Gamage, Miles Mannas, Jay Herath
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):384-387.   Published online July 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.086
  • 2,459 View
  • 106 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
The aim of this study was to present a framework for clinicians to use when discussing electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and its association with pre-diabetes. A communication tool was designed using evidence-based strategies from the academic literature. A four-step framework is presented, which includes: step (1) helping patients to understand the association between e-cigarette use and pre-diabetes; step (2) the synergistic health impacts of e-cigarette use and pre-diabetes; step (3) management of diabetes-related lifestyle factors; and step (4) stages of change assessment related to e-cigarette reduction. This communication tool provides support for clinicians to discuss the risk of pre-diabetes associated with e-cigarette use. Moving forward, implementation and evaluation of this model are needed.
Summary
Brief Report
How Well Do U.S. Primary Care and Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinicians Screen for Pregnancy Complications at Well Woman Visits? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Eli D. Medvescek, Sorana Raiciulescu, Andrew S. Thagard, Katerina Shvartsman
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):190-195.   Published online March 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.492
  • 2,418 View
  • 93 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes (GDM), and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), impact long-term health. We compared the frequency of screening documentation for pregnancy complications versus a general medical history at well woman visits between providers in primary care and obstetrics and gynecology.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of subjects with at least 1 prior birth who presented for a well woman visit in 2019-2020. Charts were reviewed for documentation of a general medical history (hypertension, diabetes, and mood disorders) versus screening for comparable obstetric complications (pre-eclampsia, GDM, and PMADs). The results were compared using the McNemar and chi-square tests as appropriate.
Results
In total, 472 encounters were identified, and 137 met the inclusion criteria. Across specialties, clinicians were significantly more likely to document general medical conditions than pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 5.48), diabetes (OR, 7.67; 95% CI, 3.27 to 22.0), and mood disorders (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 3.81 to 40.3). Obstetrics and gynecology providers were more likely to document any pregnancy history (OR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.24 to 16.27); however, they were not significantly more likely to screen for relevant obstetric complications (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 0.90 to 6.89). Overall, the rate of pregnancy complication documentation was low in primary care and obstetrics and gynecology clinics (8.8 and 19.0%, respectively).
Conclusions
Obstetrics and gynecology providers more frequently documented a pregnancy history than those in primary care; however, the rate was low across specialties, and providers reported screening for clinically relevant complications less frequently than for general medical conditions.
Summary
Original Article
Health-related Quality of Life Instrument With 8 Items for Use in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Validation Study in Korea
Juyoung Kim, Hyeon-Jeong Lee, Min-Woo Jo
J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):234-242.   Published online May 12, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.020
  • 5,271 View
  • 184 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 Items (HINT-8) in patients with diabetes. HINT-8 is a newly-developed, generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument.
Methods
Three HRQoL instruments—HINT-8, EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), and Short Form Health Survey version 2.0 (SF-36v2)—were provided to 300 patients with diabetes visiting a tertiary hospital for follow-up visits in Korea. The HRQoL scores obtained using the HINT-8 were evaluated for subgroups with known differences based on demographics and diabetes-related characteristics (known-group validity). The mean scores of the instruments were compared between groups segmented by their responses to the HINT-8 (discriminatory ability). Correlation coefficients of the HINT-8 with other instruments were calculated (convergent and divergent validity). The Cohen kappa and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were also evaluated (test-retest reliability).
Results
The average HINT-8 indexes were lower among women, older, and less-educated subjects. Subjects who did not list any problems on the HINT-8 had significantly higher HRQoL scores than those who did. The correlation coefficients of the HINT-8 with the EQ-5D-5L index and EuroQoL visual analogue scale were 0.715 (p<0.001) and 0.517 (p<0.001), respectively. The correlation coefficients between the HINT-8 index and the scores of 8 domains of the SF-36v2 ranged from 0.478 (p<0.001) to 0.669 (p<0.001). The Cohen kappa values for the HINT-8 ranged from 0.268 to 0.601, and the ICC of the HINT-8 index was 0.800 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.720 to 0.860).
Conclusions
This study showed that the HINT-8 is a valid and reliable HRQoL instrument for patients with diabetes.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 한국인의 사회문화적 특성을 반영하여 개발된 건강관련 삶의 질 도구인 HINT-8의 타당도 및 신뢰도를 대표적인 만성 질환인 제2형 당뇨 환자를 대상으로 검증하였다. 연구결과는 제2형 당뇨 환자에서 HINT-8의 활용 가능성을 보여주었을 뿐만 아니라 일반적 건강관련 삶의 질 도구 중 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 EQ-5D-5L보다 HINT-8이 삶의 질 상태를 더욱 정교하게 구분하고 있음을 보여주었다.

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Systematic Review
Low Social Support and Risk for Depression in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Akhmad Azmiardi, Bhisma Murti, Ratih Puspita Febrinasari, Didik Gunawan Tamtomo
J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(1):37-48.   Published online January 10, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.490
  • 7,549 View
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  • 15 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Depression is a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between low social support and risk for depression in people with type 2 diabetes through a meta-analysis.
Methods
PubMed, ProQuest, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for English-language articles published up to 2021. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using a random-effect model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was evaluated by using the Cochrane Q test and I2 statistics. The risk of publication bias was estimated using a funnel plot, the Egger test, and the Begg test. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the quality of evidence and the risk of bias.
Results
Eleven studies were included in this meta-analysis, containing a total of 3151 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pooled analysis showed that people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had low social support had twice as high a risk of depression as those with high social support (aOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.70; p<0.001). A random-effect model was used because the heterogeneity was high (I2= 87%).
Conclusions
Low social support was found to increase the risk of depression among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further investigation into factors that may moderate this relationship is required.
Summary

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    Journal of Affective Disorders.2025; 368: 471.     CrossRef
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  • Distress and Coping Strategy among Indonesian Men with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Original Articles
Socioeconomic Predictors of Diabetes Mortality in Japan: An Ecological Study Using Municipality-specific Data
Tasuku Okui
J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(5):352-359.   Published online August 14, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.215
  • 5,335 View
  • 162 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the geographic distribution of diabetes mortality in Japan and identify socioeconomic factors affecting differences in municipality-specific diabetes mortality.
Methods
Diabetes mortality data by year and municipality from 2013 to 2017 were extracted from Japanese Vital Statistics, and the socioeconomic characteristics of municipalities were obtained from government statistics. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of diabetes for each municipality using the empirical Bayes method and represented geographic differences in SMRs in a map of Japan. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify the socioeconomic factors affecting differences in SMR. Statistically significant socioeconomic factors were further assessed by calculating the relative risk of mortality of quintiles of municipalities classified according to the degree of each socioeconomic factor using Poisson regression analysis.
Results
The geographic distribution of diabetes mortality differed by gender. Of the municipality-specific socioeconomic factors, high rates of single-person households and unemployment and a high number of hospital beds were associated with a high SMR for men. High rates of fatherless households and blue-collar workers were associated with a high SMR for women, while high taxable income per-capita income and total population were associated with low SMR for women. Quintile analysis revealed a complex relationship between taxable income and mortality for women. The mortality risk of quintiles with the highest and lowest taxable per-capita income was significantly lower than that of the middle-income quintile.
Conclusions
Socioeconomic factors of municipalities in Japan were found to affect geographic differences in diabetes mortality.
Summary

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  • Worldwide burden and trends of diabetes among people aged 70 years and older, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    Shimin Jiang, Tianyu Yu, Dingxin Di, Ying Wang, Wenge Li
    Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kyoung-Hee Cho, Juyeong Kim, Young Choi, Tae-Hyun Kim
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Determinants of Adherence to Diabetes Screening in Iranian Adults With a Positive Family History of Diabetes
Narges Malih, Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi, Alireza Abadi, Shahnam Arshi
J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(3):190-198.   Published online April 7, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.496
  • 4,605 View
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  • 3 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Insufficient evidence exists regarding factors that affect screening adherence among people with a family history of diabetes, who comprise roughly half of all patients with diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to identify the determinants of diabetes screening adherence in adults with a family history of diabetes who had not yet been diagnosed with diabetes.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at selected urban primary healthcare facilities in Tehran, Iran. The study population was clinically non-diabetic adults above 20 years of age with a family history of diabetes in at least 1 first-degree relative. All eligible people identified on randomly-selected days of the month were invited to join the study.
Results
Among 408 participants, 128 (31.4%) had received a fasting blood glucose check during the last year. Using binary logistic regression, the independent predictors of screening adherence were knowledge of adverse effects of diabetes such as sexual disorders (odds ratio [OR], 3.05) and renal failure (OR, 2.73), the impact of family members’ advice on receiving diabetes screening (OR, 2.03), recommendation from a healthcare provider to have a fasting blood glucose check (OR, 2.61), and intention to have a fasting blood glucose check within the next 6 months (OR, 2.85). Other variables that predicted screening adherence were age (OR, 1.05), job (being a housekeeper; OR, 3.39), and having a college degree (OR, 3.55).
Conclusions
Knowledge of the adverse effects of diabetes, physicians’ and healthcare providers’ advice about the benefits of early disease detection, and family members’ advice were independent predictors of screening adherence.
Summary

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    Yenifer Diaz Montes, Tania Acosta Vergara, Rafael Tuesca Molina, Gillian Martinez Guerrero, Luis A. Anillo Arrieta, Pablo Aschner, Jorge Acosta-Reyes, Victor Florez-Garcia, Edgar Navarro Lechuga, Noël C. Barengo
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  • BİR ÜNİVERSİTE AKADEMİSYENLERİNİN SAĞLIK DAVRANIŞLARINA VE TARAMA PROGRAMLARINA UYUMU: KESİTSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
    Hatice İkiışık, Sibel Sakarya
    Eskişehir Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Halk Sağlığı Dergisi.2022; 7(1): 98.     CrossRef
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Thirst for Information and Needs Reflections of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Receiving Insulin Treatment in North-East Ethiopia: A Qualitative Exploration
Ewunetie Mekashaw Bayked, Birhanu Demeke Workneh, Mesfin Haile Kahissay
J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(2):119-128.   Published online March 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.510
  • 6,723 View
  • 169 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Ongoing, proactive, planned, and patient-centered diabetes education is the cornerstone of care for all persons with diabetes. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the information needs of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving insulin treatment in North-East Ethiopia.
Methods
The study was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 using a qualitative enquiry (phenomenological approach) with purposive sampling. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were used to collect data until reaching theoretical saturation. The participants were type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment. They were identified from the diabetes patients’ registration book at the diabetes clinic and interviewed at their appointment time, and were selected to include wide variations in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. Twenty-four participants (11 men and 13 women), with a median age of 57 years, were interviewed. The data were organized using QDA Miner Lite version 2.0.7 and analyzed thematically using narrative strategies.
Results
Most participants had not heard of diabetes before their diagnosis. They had limited knowledge of diabetes, but ascribed different connotations for it in the local language (Amharic). The needs reflections of patients were categorized into diabetes education and participants’ recommendations. Diabetes education was totally absent at hospitals, and patients received education primarily from the Ethiopian Diabetes Association and broadcast and digital media. Thus, the major concern of patients was the availability of diabetes education programs at health institutions.
Conclusions
Patients’ main concern was the absence of routine diabetes education, which necessitates urgent action to implement diabetes education programs, especially at health institutions.
Summary

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