Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Global Trends in Childhood Sexual Abuse and Bullying Victimization in 204 Countries: A Comprehensive Analysis From 1990 to 2019: Nasrin Borumandnia, Mohammadamin Sabbagh Alvani, Payam Fattahi, Mahmood Reza Gohari, Yashar Kheirolahkhani, Hamid Alavimajd; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(6):530-539. Published online August 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.007

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
No comprehensive analysis has yet been published regarding global trends in childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and bullying victimization (BV). The present study offers a longitudinal perspective on their prevalence worldwide.
Methods
CSA and BV rates were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study, spanning the years 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries. Trends by gender, region, and human development index (HDI) were examined.
Results
For both boys and girls, and in both high-HDI and low-HDI countries, CSA rates did not significantly change from 1990 to 2019 (p>0.05). However, BV rates increased significantly in high-HDI and low-HDI countries for both genders (p<0.001). Subsequently, we analyzed trends separately by gender across all countries, without considering development level. In this analysis, CSA rates among girls decreased from 1990 to 2000, followed by an increasing tendency after 2000; overall, an upward trend was evident between 1990 and 2019 (p=0.029). In contrast, no significant pattern was observed for boys. Notably, BV demonstrated an increasing trend across all regions when HDI was not considered (p<0.05), with African populations experiencing the most pronounced rise (p<0.001). Globally, boys consistently exhibited higher BV rates than girls.
Conclusions
Our research indicates that, on a global scale, rates of CSA among girls have been rising. Additionally, BV rates have increased in all regions for both boys and girls. Notably, this trend in BV rates is occurring irrespective of HDI. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted interventions in areas with high rates of CSA and BV.; Summary

Key Message
This study analyzes global trends in childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and bullying victimization (BV) from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries. Results indicate a significant rise in BV rates globally, with boys consistently exhibiting higher rates than girls. While CSA rates among girls show an upward trend, no significant change is observed for boys. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to address CSA and BV worldwide.

The Influence of Family Adversities on Longitudinal Changes in Physical Inactivity Among Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tae Kyoung Lee, Jing Zhu, Young Mi Kim, Ze-Kai Jiang, Meilin Zhang, Won Ha Choi, Tae-Young Pak, Hana Song; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):443-450. Published online August 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.236

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Lack of physical activity has a critical effect on the physical and mental health of adolescents. This study examined the influence of family adversities on the longitudinal changes in physical inactivity among adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods
The study used multi-wave data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, including 2590 Korean adolescents aged 12-14 years. The longitudinal trajectory of physical inactivity among adolescents and the effects of related factors were estimated using a latent growth modeling method.
Results
Our results revealed a significant increase in physical inactivity among adolescents over time. At the onset of the pandemic, approximately one-seventh of Korean middle schoolers reported a lack of physical activity. However, 3 years later, during the quarantine, nearly one-fifth of these adolescents reported a significant increase in their physical inactivity. Initially, low level parental education was predictive of adolescents’ physical inactivity, but this effect diminished over time, becoming statistically insignificant by the end of the 3-year period. Moreover, the increase in physical inactivity over the 3 years was significantly influenced by parental rejection.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that adolescents who experience parental rejection are more likely to report an increase in sedentary behaviors in contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 팬데믹 기간 동안 청소년의 신체 활동 변화와 신체 활동 부족에 대한 부정적 가정 환경의 영향을 조사했다. 한국 청소년 2,590명을 대상으로 한 3년간의 종단 패널 데이터를 잠재 성장 모형으로 분석하여 신체 활동 부족의 변화를 추적하였다. 그 결과, 팬데믹 기간 동안 청소년들의 신체 활동 부족이 현저히 증가했으며, 부모의 거부가 이러한 증가에 유의한 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다.

Key Message
This study examined the impact of family adversities on the longitudinal changes in physical inactivity among 2,590 Korean adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the 3-year period, physical inactivity increased significantly, with parental rejection playing a key role in this rise. While low parental education initially predicted higher levels of inactivity, its influence diminished over time.

Effects of the Local Environment and Nutritional Status on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under 5 Years Old in Indonesia: Tri Bayu Purnama, Keita Wagatsuma, Masdalina Pane, Reiko Saito; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):461-470. Published online August 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.246

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study aimed to map the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among under-5 children in Indonesia, address the triple burden of malnutrition, and analyze the impact of malnutrition on ARIs, taking into account the environmental and wealth disparities in Indonesia.
Methods
This study utilized an ecological design, analyzing aggregate data from the Indonesia Nutrition Survey, 2022. It encompassed 33 provinces and 486 districts/cities, involving a total of 334 878 children under 5 years of age. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships among wealth, environment, malnutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight), and ARIs.
Results
The proportion of ARI cases in Indonesia was generally concentrated in central Sumatra, the western and eastern parts of Java, and eastern Papua. In contrast, the northern part of Sumatra, central Kalimantan, central Sulawesi, and central Papua had a higher proportion of malnutrition cases compared to other regions. Negative associations were found between malnutrition and ARIs (path coefficient =-0.072; p<0.01) and between wealth and environment (path coefficient =-0.633; p<0.001), malnutrition (path coefficient=-0.399; p<0.001), and ARIs (path coefficient=-0.918; p<0.001).
Conclusions
An increasing wealth index is expected to contribute to reducing ARIs, malnutrition and environmental burdens in the future. This study emphasizes the necessity for focused strategies that address both immediate health challenges and the underlying socioeconomic determinants to improve child health outcomes in the Indonesian context.; Summary

Key Message
In Indonesia, Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) cases were predominantly concentrated in central Sumatra, western and eastern Java, and eastern Papua, while malnutrition cases were more prevalent in northern Sumatra, central Kalimantan, central Sulawesi, and central Papua. A negative association was observed between malnutrition and ARIs. Additionally, wealth had significant negative associations with the environment, malnutrition, and ARIs, suggesting socio-environmental disparities contribute to health outcomes in these regions.

Understanding the Perspectives of Paediatric Physicians on Physiotherapy in Paediatric Rehabilitation in Chennai, India: A Qualitative Approach: Vadivelan Kanniappan, Abishek Jayapal Rajeswari, Pearlyn Esther Padma Lawrence, Subash Sundar; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):157-166. Published online January 21, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.426

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Children with disabilities may exhibit a multitude of symptoms, and treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach for a satisfactory outcome. Lack of awareness among physicians, lack of referral, and lack of inter-sectoral coordination have hindered paediatric practice in Tamil Nadu, a state in India with a striking childhood disability rate that warrants a timely interdisciplinary approach. However, the perspectives of paediatricians on paediatric physiotherapy are unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of practicing paediatric physicians in Chennai on the role of physiotherapy in paediatrics.
Methods
For an in-depth exploration, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted in person with 10 paediatricians. Audio from the sessions was recorded and transcribed, and data saturation was achieved through iterative analysis.
Results
A grounded theory analysis of the results yielded 5 domains under which the perspectives and expectations of the physicians were described, along with the barriers experienced by patients’ parents as explained by their paediatrician. The responses highlighted deficits in awareness, structural support, accessibility and direct communication between physicians and physiotherapists.
Conclusions
Paediatric physicians have different opinions, and some ignorance persists concerning paediatric physiotherapy. This study warrants a proper structure of the paediatric rehabilitation unit and regular interdisciplinary meetings and focus group discussions to increase access for parents and improve patient outcomes.; Summary

Key Message
The paper investigates the views of pediatricians in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, about pediatric physiotherapy. It finds themes including the value of a multidisciplinary approach, the function of experienced physiotherapists, and parental access restrictions via qualitative interviews with ten doctors. To maximize patient outcomes, recommendations include raising awareness, strengthening multidisciplinary cooperation, and creating centralized pediatric rehabilitation centers.

Association of Infant Feeding Characteristics With Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Korean Childhood: Kyoung-Nam Kim, Moon-Kyung Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):338-347. Published online June 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.504

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Young children’s feeding characteristics can play an important role in eating habits and health during later childhood. This study was conducted to examine the associations of feeding characteristics with dietary patterns and obesity in children.
Methods
This study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2017. In total, 802 toddlers were included, with information on their demographic characteristics, feeding practices and duration, and 24-hour recall obtained from their parents. Feeding characteristics were categorized into feeding type, duration of total breastfeeding, duration of total formula feeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and age when starting formula feeding. Dietary patterns were identified based on factor loadings for the food groups for 3 major factors, with “vegetables & traditional,” “fish & carbohydrates,” and “sweet & fat” patterns. Overweight/obesity was defined as ≥85th percentile in body mass index based on the 2017 Korean National Growth charts for children and adolescents. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between feeding characteristics and dietary patterns. The association between dietary patterns and obesity was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results
The early introduction of formula feeding was inversely associated with the “vegetables & traditional” pattern (β=-0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.34 to -0.02). A higher “vegetables & traditional” intake was associated with a lower risk of obesity (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.95).
Conclusions
Feeding characteristics are associated with dietary patterns in later childhood, and dietary patterns were shown to have a potential protective association against obesity.; Summary

Korean summary
생애 초기 수유 형태는 유아의 식습관 형성에 영향을 주고 아울러 성장기의 식습관에도 중요한 바탕이 된다. 특히, 생애 초기 수유 형태는 유아기의 성장 발달 또는 비만과 관련됨이 알려져 있다. 과일과 채소 섭취 증가 및 다양한 식품의 섭취는 비만을 예방하는 대표적인 식습관 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에는 영아 시기의 수유 형태가 이후 유아기의 식사 패턴에 미치는 영향 및 유아기 비만과의 관련성을 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국민건강영양조사2013-2017년까지 만2-3세 유아 802명 대상으로 수유 형태에 따른 식사 패턴 분석 결과, 4개월 이전 분유 수유를 시작할 경우 ‘vegetables & traditional’패턴 점수가 감소하였다. 식사 패턴과 비만 유병률 결과, ‘vegetables & traditional’ 패턴 요인 점수가 증가할수록 비만 유병률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 본 연구 결과들을 통해 생애 초기 수유 형태에 따라 유아기(미취학아동)의 식습관에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 판단되며, 그 식습관이 반영됨에 따라 소아 비만과 관련이 있음을 나타냈다. 따라서 국내 대규모의 표본을 대상으로 한 연구 결과로 건강하고 다양한 식습관 지도를 위한 영양 교육 프로그램의 근거 자료로 활용될 수 있다고 생각된다.

Associations Between Indoor Air Pollutants and Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection Symptoms in Children Under 5: An Analysis of Data From the Indonesia Demographic Health Survey: Ichtiarini Nurullita Santri, Yuniar Wardani, Yohane Vincent Abero Phiri, Gunchmaa Nyam, Tyas Aisyah Putri, Khoiriyah Isni, Dyah Suryani, Grace Sambo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):255-263. Published online April 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.470

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
The study investigated the association between indoor air pollution (IAP) and risk factors for acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms in children under 5 years of age.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data derived from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey in 2017. Binary logistic regression modeling was employed to examine each predictor variable associated with ARI among children under 5 years of age in Indonesia.
Results
The study included a total of 4936 households with children. Among children under 5 years old, 7.2% reported ARI symptoms. The presence of ARI symptoms was significantly associated with the type of residence, wealth index, and father’s smoking frequency, which were considered the sample’s socio-demographic characteristics. In the final model, living in rural areas, having a high wealth index, the father’s smoking frequency, and a low education level were all linked to ARI symptoms.
Conclusions
The results revealed that households in rural areas had a substantially higher level of reported ARI symptoms among children under 5 years old. Furthermore, the father’s smoking frequency and low education level were associated with ARI symptoms.; Summary

Scoping Review

Pre-pregnancy Diet to Maternal and Child Health Outcome: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence: Fadila Wirawan, Desak Gede Arie Yudhantari, Aghnaa Gayatri; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):111-127. Published online March 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.472

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Pre-pregnancy diet has an important role in preparing for healthy generation. However, evidence on this issue has been scarce. A scoping review synthesising current evidence will support the demand to map ‘what has been researched’ on pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health.
Methods
Systematic search was performed using PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design) framework in electronic databases. Articles were screened for eligibility, summarized, and the quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health assessment tool. The review structure complies with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guide.
Results
Forty-two articles were included after full-text screening. Twenty-five studies were in high-income countries (HICs), six in each upper-middle income, five in lower-middle income countries (LMICs), and one in low-income countries (LIC). Based on the regions: North America (n=16), Europe (n=5), South America (n=4), Australia (n=4), Asia (n=5), Middle East (n=2), and sub-Saharan Africa (n=1). The two-most observed diet-related exposures were dietary pattern (n=17) and dietary quality (n=12). The most assessed outcome was gestational diabetes mellitus (n=28) and fetal and newborn anthropometry (n=7). The average quality score±standard deviation was 70±18%.
Conclusions
Research related to pre-pregnancy diet is still concentrated in HICs. The context of diet may vary; therefore, future research is encouraged in LMICs and LICs context, and Mediterranean, South-East Asia, Pacific, and African regions. Some maternal and child nutrition-related morbidity, such as anemia and micronutrient deficiencies, have not been discussed. Research on these aspects will benefit to fill in the gaps related to pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health.

Summary

Citations

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Maternal pre-pregnancy diet and prenatal depression: the mediating role of pre-pregnancy weight status and prenatal inflammation
Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabani, Rhonda C. Bell, Catherine J. Field, Megan Jarman, Jenna L. Evanchuk, Nicole Letourneau, Gerald F. Giesbrecht
British Journal of Nutrition.2024; 132(2): 115. CrossRef
Maternal Dietary Strategies for Improving Offspring Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Health: A Scoping Review
You-Lin Tain, Chien-Ning Hsu
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(18): 9788. CrossRef

Original Articles

Adapting the Community Readiness Model and Validating a Community Readiness Tool for Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs in Iran: Mahdieh Niknam, Nasrin Omidvar, Parisa Amiri, Hassan Eini-Zinab, Naser kalantari; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):77-87. Published online January 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.409

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
It is critical to assess community readiness (CR) when implementing childhood obesity prevention programs to ensure their eventual success and sustainability. Multiple tools have been developed based on various conceptions of readiness. One of the most widely used and flexible tools is based on the community readiness model (CRM). This study aimed to adapt the CRM and assess the validity of a community readiness tool (CRT) for childhood obesity prevention programs in Iran.
Methods
A Delphi study that included 26 individuals with expertise in 8 different subject areas was conducted to adapt the CRM into a theoretical framework for developing a CRT. After linguistic validation was conducted for a 35-question CR interview guide, the modified interview guide was evaluated for its content and face validity. The quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed using Stata version 13 and MAXQDA 2010, respectively.
Results
The Delphi panelists confirmed the necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of all 6 CRM dimensions. The Persian version of the interview guide was then modified based on the qualitative results of the Delphi study, and 2 more questions were added to the community climate dimension of the original CRT. All questions in the modified version had acceptable content and face validity. The final CR interview guide included 37 questions across 6 CRM dimensions.
Conclusions
By adapting the CRM and confirming linguistic, content, and face validity, the present study devised a CRT for childhood obesity prevention programs that can be used in relevant studies in Iran.

Summary

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Improving community readiness among Iranian local communities to prevent childhood obesity
Mahdieh Niknam, Nasrin Omidvar, Hassan Eini-Zinab, Naser Kalantari, Keyvan Olazadeh, Parisa Amiri
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Prediction of Stunting Among Under-5 Children in Rwanda Using Machine Learning Techniques: Similien Ndagijimana, Ignace Habimana Kabano, Emmanuel Masabo, Jean Marie Ntaganda; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):41-49. Published online January 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.388

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Rwanda reported a stunting rate of 33% in 2020, decreasing from 38% in 2015; however, stunting remains an issue. Globally, child deaths from malnutrition stand at 45%. The best options for the early detection and treatment of stunting should be made a community policy priority, and health services remain an issue. Hence, this research aimed to develop a model for predicting stunting in Rwandan children.
Methods
The Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2019-2020 was used as secondary data. Stratified 10-fold cross-validation was used, and different machine learning classifiers were trained to predict stunting status. The prediction models were compared using different metrics, and the best model was chosen.
Results
The best model was developed with the gradient boosting classifier algorithm, with a training accuracy of 80.49% based on the performance indicators of several models. Based on a confusion matrix, the test accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 were calculated, yielding the model’s ability to classify stunting cases correctly at 79.33%, identify stunted children accurately at 72.51%, and categorize non-stunted children correctly at 94.49%, with an area under the curve of 0.89. The model found that the mother’s height, television, the child’s age, province, mother’s education, birth weight, and childbirth size were the most important predictors of stunting status.
Conclusions
Therefore, machine-learning techniques may be used in Rwanda to construct an accurate model that can detect the early stages of stunting and offer the best predictive attributes to help prevent and control stunting in under five Rwandan children.

Summary

Citations

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Predicting stunting in Rwanda using artificial neural networks: a demographic health survey 2020 analysis
Similien NDAGIJIMANA, Ignace KABANO, Emmanuel MASABO, Jean Marie NTAGANDA
F1000Research.2024; 13: 128. CrossRef
Development of a diagnostic predictive model for determining child stunting in Malawi: a comparative analysis of variable selection approaches
Jonathan Mkungudza, Halima S. Twabi, Samuel O. M. Manda
BMC Medical Research Methodology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predicting harmful alcohol use prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa between 2015 and 2019: Evidence from population-based HIV impact assessment
Mtumbi Goma, Wingston Felix Ng’ambi, Cosmas Zyambo, Yimam Getaneh Misganie
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0301735. CrossRef
Hybrid Machine Learning for Stunting Prevalence: A Novel Comprehensive Approach to Its Classification, Prediction, and Clustering Optimization in Aceh, Indonesia
Novia Hasdyna, Rozzi Kesuma Dinata, Rahmi, T. Irfan Fajri
Informatics.2024; 11(4): 89. CrossRef
Child stunting prevalence determination at sector level in Rwanda using small area estimation
Innocent Ngaruye, Joseph Nzabanita, François Niragire, Theogene Rizinde, Joseph Nkurunziza, Jean Bosco Ndikubwimana, Charles Ruranga, Ignace Kabano, Dieudonne N. Muhoza, Jeanine Ahishakiye
BMC Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Prevalence and Predictors of Complementary Feeding Practices Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Indonesia: Siti Nurokhmah, Lucinda Middleton, Aryono Hendarto; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):549-558. Published online October 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.199

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Poor complementary feeding practices have consistently contributed to the burden of child undernutrition in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of the time of the introduction of solid, semi-solid, and soft foods (ISSSF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD).
Methods
We analyzed 4804 last-born infants aged 6-23 months from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, which employed multistage cluster random sampling. The outcomes were calculated based on the 2021 World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund guidelines. The predictors of the 4 complementary feeding indicators were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders and study design.
Results
The prevalence of ISSSF, MDD, MMF, and MAD was 86.1%, 54.3%, 71.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, with younger children less likely to meet 3 out of the 4 outcomes. Parental education, the presence of a birth attendant, and maternal media consumption were among the predictors of MDD and MAD. Children from families with higher income were more likely to meet MDD than those from low-income households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.28). Living in an urban area was positively associated with MMF (aPR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15) and MAD (aPR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24). In eastern regions, the prevalence of children achieving MDD and MAD was lower than in those living in Java and Bali.
Conclusions
It is crucial that more attention and efforts are made to improve the recommended practices throughout Indonesia, since the prevalence of adequate complementary feeding practices remains low.

Summary

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Factors associated with infant and young child feeding practices in children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia: A nationwide study
Iqlima Dwi Kurnia, Praba Diyan Rachmawati, Yuni Sufyanti Arief, Ilya Krisnana, Pratuma Rithpho, Hidayat Arifin
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 78: 82. CrossRef

Women’s Empowerment Facilitates Complete Immunization in Indonesian Children: A Cross-sectional Study: Gede Benny Setia Wirawan, Ni Luh Zallila Gustina, Putu Harrista Indra Pramana, Made Yuliantari Dwi Astiti, Jovvita Jonathan, Fitriana Melinda, Teo Wijaya; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):193-204. Published online March 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.592

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Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women’s empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association.
Methods
We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women’s empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women’s empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group.
Results
The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women’s empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women’s empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women’s empowerment must be considered in Indonesia’s child immunization program. Women’s empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women’s empowerment on health outcomes.

Summary

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Of Money and Men: A Scoping Review to Map Gender Barriers to Immunization Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Anna Kalbarczyk, Natasha Brownlee, Elizabeth Katz
Vaccines.2024; 12(6): 625. CrossRef
Health Beliefs and Socioeconomic Determinants of COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Acceptance: An Indonesian Cross-Sectional Study
Gede Benny Setia Wirawan, Ngakan Putu Anom Harjana, Nur Wulan Nugrahani, Pande Putu Januraga
Vaccines.2022; 10(5): 724. CrossRef

Associations Between Parental Depression and Early Childhood Development in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study: Ika Saptarini, Anissa Rizkianti, Prisca Petty Arfines, Suparmi , Iram Barida Maisya; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(6):451-460. Published online November 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.158

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Objectives
This study aimed to determine the associations between parental depression and early childhood development among children aged 36 months to 59 months in Indonesia.
Methods
From Indonesia’s Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS) 2018, this study included 6433 children aged 36 months to 59 months and their parents. Maternal and paternal depression was examined using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview survey instrument, which was previously translated into Indonesian. The study also used the Early Child Development Index to measure child development and its 4 domains (cognitive, physical, socio-emotional, and learning). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between parental depression and early childhood development.
Results
Overall, 10.3% of children aged 36 months to 59 months were off-track for development. After adjusting for biological, parental, and social characteristics, children born to parents with depression were found to be 4.72 times more likely to be off-track for development (95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 12.15).
Conclusions
Children of depressed parents were more likely to be off-track for development. The findings highlight the need for early diagnosis and timely intervention for parental depression to promote early childhood development.

Summary

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Impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on the development of 18-months-old children
Mariana Lacerda Gontijo, Janaína Matos Moreira, Thiago Rosental Silva, Claudia Regina Lindgren Alves
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports.2022; 10: 100401. CrossRef

The Effect of the Physical Factors of Parents and Children on Stunting at Birth Among Newborns in Indonesia: Kencana Sari, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(5):309-316. Published online August 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.120

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study examined stunting at birth and its associations with physical factors of parents and children in Indonesia.
Methods
This study analyzed secondary data from the national cross-sectional Indonesian Basic Health Survey 2018, conducted across 34 provinces and 514 districts/cities. Birth length data were available for 756 newborns. Univariable, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the physical factors of parents and children and stunting at birth.
Results
In total, 10.2% of children aged 0 months were stunted at birth (10.7% of males and 9.5% of females). Stunting at birth was associated with the mother’s age at first pregnancy, parity, parents’ heights, parents’ ages, and gestational age. Children from mothers with short statures (height <145.0 cm) and fathers with short statures (height <161.9 cm) had an almost 6 times higher likelihood of being stunted at birth (adjusted odds ratio, 5.93; 95% confidence interval, 5.53 to 6.36). A higher maternal age at first pregnancy had a protective effect against stunting. However, other variables (firstborn child, preterm birth, and both parents’ ages being <20 or >35 years) corresponded to a 2-fold higher likelihood of stunting at birth compared to the reference.
Conclusions
These findings provide evidence that interventions to reduce stunting aimed at pregnant females should also consider the parents’ stature, age, and parity, particularly if it is the first pregnancy and if the parents are short in stature or young. Robust programs to support pregnant females and monitor children’s heights from birth will help prevent intergenerational stunting.

Summary

Citations

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Jean Nepo Utumatwishima, Ingrid Mogren, Aline Umubyeyi, Ali Mansourian, Gunilla Krantz, Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(3): e0290919. CrossRef
Understanding Pediatric Health Trends in Papua: Insights From SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, Remote Sensing, and Its Relevance to Prabowo and Gibran’s Free Lunch and Milk Program
Rezzy Eko Caraka, Khairunnisa Supardi, Puspita Anggraini Kaban, Robert Kurniawan, Prana Ugiana Gio, Yunho Kim, Syihabuddin Ahmad Mufti, Rung-Ching Chen, Muhammad Khahfi Zuhanda, Avia Enggar Tyasti, Noor Ell Goldameir, Bens Pardamean
IEEE Access.2024; 12: 51536. CrossRef
Stunting predictors among children aged 0-24 months in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Via Eliadora Togatorop, Laili Rahayuwati, Raini Diah Susanti, Julianus Yudhistira Tan
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Children’s sex composition and modern contraceptive use among mothers in Bangladesh
Md. Nuruzzaman Khan, Shimlin Jahan Khanam, Md Arif Billah, Md Mostaured Ali Khan, M Mofizul Islam, José Antonio Ortega
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0297658. CrossRef
Peran Ayah terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Perdesaan
Elya Sugianti, Berliana Devianti Putri, Annas Buanasita
Amerta Nutrition.2024; 8(2): 214. CrossRef
Risk factors associated with stunting incidence in under five children in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Devi Azriani, Masita, Nabila Salma Qinthara, Intan Nurma Yulita, Dwi Agustian, Yenni Zuhairini, Meita Dhamayanti
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Stunting at birth: linear growth failure at an early age among newborns in Hawassa city public health hospitals, Sidama region, Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study
Haileyesus Ejigu, Zelalem Tafese
Journal of Nutritional Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Socio-economic and agricultural factors associated with stunting of under 5-year children: findings from surveys in mountains, dry zone and delta regions of rural Myanmar (2016–2017)
Min Kyaw Htet, Tran Thanh Do, Thet Wah, Thant Zin, Myat Pan Hmone, Shahreen Raihana, Elizabeth Kirkwood, Lwin Mar Hlaing, Michael J Dibley
Public Health Nutrition.2023; 26(8): 1644. CrossRef
Predictor of Stunting Among Children 0-24 Months Old in Indonesia: A Scoping Review
Via Eliadora Togatorop, Laili Rahayuwati, Raini Diah Susanti
Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.2023; 7(5): 5654. CrossRef
SOCIALIZING ADOLESCENT REPORDUCTIVE HEALTH: EFFORTS TO PREVENT EARLY MARRIAGE AND REDUCE UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Ilham Rahmanto, Husnul Khatimah, Laila Hidayah Santoso, Nabilah Apsari Devitri, Airinda Gustika Ningrum, Allfatiana Suci Andriani, Arbiyan Syayid Nurdin, Enina Patricia, Hanif Nur Setyawan, Syahrani Meutia Tifanny
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Amerta Nutrition.2023; 7(2): 240. CrossRef
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Tri Anugrah Oktaviani, Linda Suwarni, Selviana Selviana
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Associations Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A, F, and S in 6-Year-old Children in Korea: Yoonyoung Jang, Yoon-Jung Choi, Youn-Hee Lim, Kyung-Shin Lee, Bung-Nyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(1):37-45. Published online November 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.310

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185 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children.
Methods
Prenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T₃, and free T₄) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations.
Results
The associations between prenatal BPA and total T₃ levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T₄ levels (-1.94%; 95% confidence interval, -3.82 to -0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only.
Conclusions
Our findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T₃ levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T₄ levels in girls only.

Summary

Korean summary
비스페놀 A의 건강위해성에 대한 역학적 근거들이 축적되어 비스페놀 A 대신 BPF와 BPS와 같은 대체물질이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 어머니의 산전 비스페놀 A 노출과 6세 어린이의 비스페놀 A, 비스페놀 F, 비스페놀 S 노출 정도에 따라 어린이의 갑상선호르몬 농도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 보고자 하였다. 어머니의 산전 비스페놀 A 노출은 어린이의 total T3 농도에 유의하게 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 여자아이에게서 비스페놀 F 노출이 한 단위 증가할수록 free T4 농도가 유의하게 감소하는 것을 관찰하였다. 본 논문의 의의는 비스페놀 F, S가 어린이의 갑상선기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 역학적 근거를 제시하였다는 점이나, 인과적 연관성을 위해서는 시간적 선후관계를 고려한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

Citations

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Temporal and geographic variability of bisphenol levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international biomonitoring data
Jonathan M. Acevedo, Linda G. Kahn, Kristyn A. Pierce, Anna Carrasco, Marissa Singer Rosenberg, Leonardo Trasande
Environmental Research.2025; 264: 120341. CrossRef
Relationship between bisphenol A and autoimmune thyroid disease in women of childbearing age
Ning Yuan, Jianbin Sun, Xin Zhao, Wei Li
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of bisphenols on sex and thyroid hormone concentrations in cord blood among newborns
Francis Manyori Bigambo, Zhaofang Chen, Wentao Yang, Qian Huang, Xu Wang
Food and Chemical Toxicology.2024; 189: 114750. CrossRef
Maternal bisphenols exposure and thyroid function in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiani Liu, Min Tian, Haiyue Qin, Danrong Chen, Sabitina Mrisho Mzava, Xu Wang, Francis Manyori Bigambo
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exposure of elementary school-aged Brazilian children to bisphenol A: association with demographic, social, and behavioral factors, and a worldwide comparison
Priscilla R. S. Rocha, Hadassa S. R. P. Moura, Nadyellem G. Silva, Francisco A. R. Neves, Fernando F. Sodré, Angélica A. Amato
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Temporal trends in risk of bisphenol A, benzophenone-3 and triclosan exposure among U.S. children and adolescents aged 6–19 years: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016
Ruiqiang Li, Wenqiang Zhan, Jingyi Ren, Fan Zhang, Xin Huang, Yuxia Ma
Environmental Research.2023; 216: 114474. CrossRef
A case-control study of urinary concentrations of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer
Lei Zhang, Jiahuai Zhang, Sai Fan, Yuxin Zhong, Jingguang Li, Yunfeng Zhao, Song Ni, Jiaying Liu, Yongning Wu
Chemosphere.2023; 312: 137162. CrossRef
Transient developmental exposure to low doses of bisphenol F negatively affects neurogliogenesis and olfactory behaviour in adult mice
Pieter Vancamp, Lucile Butruille, Anni Herranen, Anita Boelen, Jean-Baptiste Fini, Barbara A. Demeneix, Sylvie Remaud
Environment International.2023; 172: 107770. CrossRef
Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population
Myungsil Hwang, Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee
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Wei Lu, Zhuo Sun, Zhengyuan Wang, Mengying Qu, Zehuan Shi, Qi Song, Liping Shen, Shupeng Mai, Yuan Wang, Xinyu Hong, Jiajie Zang
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Zhuanning Xia, Cheng Lv, Yan Zhang, Rong Shi, Qi Lu, Ying Tian, Xiaoning Lei, Yu Gao
Chemosphere.2023; 341: 139973. CrossRef
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Yang Hu, Shiming Lai, Ying Li, Xiaodong Wu, Mingluan Xing, Xueqing Li, Dandan Xu, Yuan Chen, Jie Xiang, Ping Cheng, Xiaofeng Wang, Zhijian Chen, Hao Ding, Peiwei Xu, Xiaoming Lou
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Lei Zhang, Jiahuai Zhang, Sai Fan, Yuxin Zhong, Jingguang Li, Yunfeng Zhao, Song Ni, Jiaying Liu, Yong-Ning Wu
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The Effect of Prenatal Cadmium Exposure on Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in 6-Year-old Children in Korea: Woosung Kim, Yoonyoung Jang, Youn-Hee Lim, Bung-Nyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):29-36. Published online November 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.175

5,857 View
179 Download
13 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Cd exposure during gestation and ADHD at 6 years of age.
Methods
As part of an ongoing cohort study (the Environment and Development of Children study), 479 mother-child pairs from Seoul, Korea were included for analysis between 2008 and 2011. The whole blood concentration of Cd was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The parents were surveyed about ADHD behaviors in their children at age 6. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to Cd and ADHD at 6 years of age.
Results
Increased prenatal Cd concentrations were associated with increased scores for ADHD for girls, but not for boys, at age 6. A 2-fold increase in the prenatal Cd level was significantly associated with a 22.3% (95% confidence interval, 11.6 to 34.1) increase in ADHD in girls at 6 years of age, as indicated by the linear regression model.
Conclusions
Our results identified significant associations between prenatal Cd exposure and ADHD scores in 6-year-old girls.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구의 목적은 산모와 아이의 코호트 추적조사 상 임신 중 혈중의 중금속 카드뮴 농도가 6세 아이의 주의력결핍 과잉행동 장애(ADHD)와 연관이 있는지를 확인하는 것이다. 자료원으로는 환경부와 식약처 지원 어린이 코호트인 환경노출과 어린이 성장 코호트 (EDC)를 이용하였다. 총 479쌍의 산모-아이 쌍을 대상으로 다변수 선형 회귀분석을 통해 연관성을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 임신 중 산모의 혈중 카드뮴 농도가 2배 증가함에 따라 6세 여아의 한국어판 주의력결핍장애(ADHD) 평점척도 (K-ARS) 점수가 22.3% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

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Sonja Moore, Laura Paalanen, Lisa Melymuk, Andromachi Katsonouri, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Hanna Tolonen
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