Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2022 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
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Name | Measures of causation | Measures of association |
---|---|---|
Risk difference | Pr[Y1=1]–Pr[Y0=1] | Pr[Y=1|T=1]–Pr[Y=1|T=0] |
Risk ratio | ||
Odds ratio |
Name | Causal estimand | Standardization method |
---|---|---|
Risk difference | Pr[Y1=1]–Pr[Y0=1] | ∑c Pr[Y=1|T=1,C=c] Pr[C=c]– ∑c Pr[Y=1|T=0,C=c] Pr[C=c] |
Risk ratio | ||
Odds ratio |
Name | Causal estimand for subgroups | Standardization for subgroups |
---|---|---|
Risk difference | Pr[Y1=1|S=s]–Pr[Y0=1|S=s] | ∑c Pr[Y=1|T=1,C=c, S=s] Pr[C=c|S=s]–∑c Pr[Y=1|T=0,C=c, S=s] Pr[C=c|S=s] |
Risk ratio | ||
Odds ratio |
Estimand | Standardization function | stdGlm function |
---|---|---|
Risk difference | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) |
Relative risk | 1.11 (0.94, 1.27) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.27) |
Odds ratio | 1.13 (0.93, 1.34) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.33) |
Estimand | Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Risk difference | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) |
Relative risk | 1.09 (0.94, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.25) |
Odds ratio | 1.12 (0.92, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.32) |
Values are presented as estimate (95% confidence interval).
Values are presented as estimate (95% confidence interval). BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer. Interaction term between treatment, BCLC stage, and alpha-fetoprotein level and other confounders are included in the model. Interaction term between treatment, BCLC stage, and cause of liver cancer and other confounders are included in the model. Interaction term between treatment and Child-Pugh classification and other confounders are included in the model.