Environmental conditions |
External air quality, air pollution |
Negative |
Literature review |
Use renewable energy or new energy |
- Removed air pollution, mitigated the heat island effects produced by concrete and glass, and lowered energy demands and associated emissions during warm periods |
- Removed pollutants |
- Filtered airborne particulates, absorbed harmful gases and reduced carbon emissions. |
- Trapped small airborne particles, absorbed sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide |
- Prevented carbon incorporation into air, controlled the amount of CO2 and regional climate |
Workshop |
- The park plan, which included new constructions of artificial facilities in a natural space, could increase the amount of energy used, carbon emissions, and air pollution. |
Indoor air quality water quality & pollution |
None positive/ negative |
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Literature review |
Use water purification plants strategies |
- Prevented soil erosion, purified water |
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Workshop |
Prepare water-circulation strategies |
- Stopping fishing could improve the water quality. |
Maintain the amount of water |
- However, the reservoir could be polluted during the period of water shortage and there could be serious environmental damage if the water from the water treatment |
Operate water quality check system |
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Restore and preserve biotic habitat with elements from nature |
Clean city and recycling |
Positive |
Literature review |
- Place of various flora and fauna |
- Prevent floods |
Use natural bank protection |
Workshop |
Analyze current animals in the planned space and conduct such analysis regularly afterward |
- Currently existing species in the planned included kestrels, pheasants, great tits, magpies, tree frogs, silver frogs, Eurasian red squirrels, squirrels, reptiles, raccoon dogs, rabbits, and owls. |
Open space |
None |
Literature review |
Use renewable energy or new energy |
Energy consumption |
Negative |
- Mitigating the heat island effects produced by concrete and glass, and lowering energy demands |
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Workshop |
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- The park plan, which included new constructions of artificial facilities in natural spaces, could increase energy use. |
Accessibility, mobility, transport |
Positive |
Workshop |
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- Possibility of the creation of a new bus line, expansion of roads |
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- Increasing access to Mt. Gureum, Yeonghoewon. |
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Noise |
Negative |
Literature review |
Exclude the theatre from the plan and vitalize the existing community theatre |
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- Attenuated noise |
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Workshop |
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- There could be noise pollution, if the theatre were built as planned. |
General socioeconomic and cultural conditions |
Poverty |
None |
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Consider implementing a usage fee |
Housing |
None |
Literature review |
Install CCTVs |
Community safety & crime |
Negative |
- Increased the risk of criminal, social, or psychological aggregation, and drug abuse and conduct offenses |
Restrict access after sunset |
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Workshop |
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- There could be issues of crime or homeless people. |
Limit the number of visitors to 200 per day, or operate a reservation system for park use by area, |
Education |
Positive |
Literature review |
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- Auckland, New Zealand: Invited students to the forest to run 400 programs every year, increasing awareness of the importance of forests |
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- William Curtis Ecological Park, London, UK: Provided visitor circulation system, an information booth, and specialized teachers in the park |
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- Gildong Ecological Park, Seoul, Korea: Gave opportunities for citizens and students to touch nature, to learn about and experience the ecosystem |
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Workshop |
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- Increased educational effects were expected. |
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Employment |
Positive |
Workshop |
Give Hakon-dong residents priority in hiring opportunities |
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- Increased employment opportunities for Hakon-Dong residents |
Work environment |
None |
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Leisure |
Positive |
Literature review |
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- Perceived a park as a place of beautiful scenery, life, culture, and play |
Preserve and develop reservoir in the most environmentally friendly way possible |
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- The majority of visitors to the Han River were not sport facility users but non-sport facility users |
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Workshop |
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- Increase in leisure activities (picnic area, ecological park, mountain trails) was expected. |
Accidents |
Negative |
Workshop |
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- Increased risk of drowning accidents |
Install handrails around the reservoir |
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- Increased risk of forest fires |
Agriculture & food production |
None |
Workshop |
Designate the park as a nonsmoking area |
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- There were people using the reservoir water for farming, but since they could use another source of water, there would be no negative impacts. |
Social and Community Network |
Social exclusion |
None |
Literature review |
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Community network |
Positive |
- Increased social activities |
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- Increased social cohesion and collective efficacy |
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- Facilitated social activities among women |
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Workshop |
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- Increased social clubs, informal social gatherings |
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Community development |
Positive |
Literature review |
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- Had direct utility values (e.g., fishing, agriculture, leisure, source of energy), indirect utility values (controlling flood, preventing the effects of storms, recharging underground water), selective/quasi-selective values (future uses, value of information for the future), and existence values (increasing biodiversity, cultural properties, value of relics) |
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Workshop |
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- The road construction could help community development. |
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Positive |
Workshop |
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Health services |
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- Increased roads and transportation system could increase access to health care |
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services in downtown area. |
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Positive |
Workshop |
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Social services |
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- Increased roads and transportation system could increase access to social services in downtown area. |
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Lifestyles |
Diet |
None |
Literature review |
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Physical Activity |
Positive |
- Increased physical activities |
Introduce exercise programs for children and adolescents (e.g., badminton) |
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- Not significantly associated with achieving recommended levels of physical activity |
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Workshop |
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- Increased physical activities were not guaranteed by the plan because the plan did not include sports facilities. |
Do not install lights for activities at night. |
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Install a bicycle path around the reservoir, and make a connection to the downtown |
Smoking |
Negative |
Workshop |
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- There could be more smokers. |
Recruit neighborhood patrols or guards |
Alcohol |
Negative |
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Workshop |
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- There could be more drinkers. |
Recruit neighborhood patrols or guards |
Sexual behavior |
Negative |
Literature review |
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- Behaved in more informal and intimate ways, e.g., kissing, hugging, and sexual activity as well as anti-social behavior |
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Drugs |
Negative |
Literature review |
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- Behaved in more informal and sometimes intimate ways, e.g., “hanging out”with friends, boisterous play, and anti-social behavior |
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Stress |
Positive |
Literature review |
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- Reduced stress and depression and improved the ability to focus, pay attention, be productive, and recover from illness |
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- Promoted recovery from any form of stress, both mild short-term stress and longer term problems |
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