Figure 1Longitudinal change of body mass index (BMI) according to timing of menarche for 7 years. There was a significant difference of increase rate of BMI between early menarcheal group (age at menarche <12 year) and late menarcheal group (age at menarche ≥12 year or who had yet to experience it) (p for interaction=0.02). All data were expressed as mean±SD.
Table 1.Baseline characteristics of study populations
Variables |
Early menarche- al group (n = 32) |
Average or late menarcheal group (n = 112) |
p-value |
Age (y) |
12.8±0.4 |
12.7±0.5 |
0.231
|
Menarche |
|
|
|
Yes |
32 (100.0) |
84 (75.0) |
0.0022
|
No |
0 (0.0) |
28 (25.0) |
|
Age at menarche (y) |
|
|
|
10 |
10 (31.3) |
|
<0.0012
|
11 |
22 (68.7) |
|
|
12 |
|
54 (64.3) |
|
13 |
|
30 (35.7) |
|
Height (cm) |
|
|
|
7 y old |
121.2±4.6 |
119.4±4.9 |
0.081
|
8 y old |
128.3±5.3 |
126.0±5.0 |
0.031
|
9 y old |
134.4±5.9 |
131.7±5.6 |
0.021
|
10 y old |
141.8±5.6 |
137.1±6.1 |
<0.0011
|
11 y old |
149.0±6.2 |
144.1±6.8 |
<0.0011
|
12 y old |
154.3±5.9 |
150.5±6.6 |
0.0041
|
13 y old |
157.9±4.5 |
156.7±5.8 |
0.301
|
Weight (kg) |
|
|
|
7 y old |
24.3±3.4 |
22.8±4.2 |
0.061
|
8 y old |
29.4±5.2 |
26.4±5.4 |
0.0061
|
9 y old |
32.9±6.5 |
29.3±6.3 |
0.0061
|
10 y old |
38.7±8.0 |
33.9±7.5 |
0.0021
|
11 y old |
43.5±8.7 |
38.5±8.7 |
0.0051
|
12 y old |
49.0±9.2 |
43.9±9.7 |
0.0091
|
13 y old |
54.7±8.6 |
50.1±10.2 |
0.021
|
BMI3 (kg/m2) |
|
|
|
7 y old |
16.5±1.7 |
15.9±2.0 |
0.101
|
8 y old |
17.8±2.3 |
16.5±2.5 |
0.011
|
9 y old |
18.1±2.8 |
16.8±2.6 |
0.021
|
10 y old |
19.2±3.0 |
17.9±2.9 |
0.031
|
11 y old |
19.5±2.9 |
18.4±3.0 |
0.061
|
12 y old |
20.4±2.9 |
19.2±3.3 |
0.061
|
13 y old |
21.9±2.8 |
20.3±3.4 |
0.021
|
Body fat (%) |
26.7±4.6 |
23.8±5.8 |
0.011
|
Waist circumference (cm) |
69.0±6.0 |
66.5±8.0 |
0.111
|
Birth weight (kg) |
3.1±0.4 |
3.2±0.4 |
0.291
|
Age at menarche of mother (y) |
14.7±1.8 |
15.0±1.2 |
0.281
|
Breastfeeding |
|
|
|
Yes |
24 (75.0) |
90 (80.4) |
0.512
|
No |
8 (25.0) |
22 (19.6) |
|
Table 2.Multiple logistic regression for association of BMI4 and early menarche
Variables |
Model 11
|
Model 21
|
Model 31
|
OR2
|
95% CI |
p for trend |
OR |
95% CI |
p for trend |
OR |
95% CI |
p for trend |
Quartile of BMI3 (kg/m2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 y old |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1 (<14.72) |
1.00 |
|
0.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q2 (14.72 - 15.65) |
4.52 |
0.93, 21.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q3 (15.65 - 16.98) |
2.57 |
0.55, 12.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q4 (≥16.98) |
4.42 |
0.99, 19.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 y old |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1 (<14.85) |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Q2 (14.85 - 16.34) |
|
|
|
3.61 |
0.63, 20.83 |
0.01 |
|
|
|
Q3 (16.34 - 18.21) |
|
|
|
10.02 |
1.88, 53.49 |
|
|
|
|
Q4 (≥18.21) |
|
|
|
6.69 |
1.24, 36.04 |
|
|
|
|
9 y old |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1 (<15.03) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
Q2 (15.03 - 16.65) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.52 |
1.17, 36.38 |
0.04 |
Q3 (16.65 - 18.20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.79 |
1.22, 37.72 |
|
Q4 (≥18.20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.19 |
1.33, 38.80 |
|
Birth weight4 (kg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1 (<2.98) |
1.00 |
|
0.55 |
1.00 |
|
0.35 |
1.00 |
|
0.88 |
Q2 (2.98 - 3.18) |
0.65 |
0.17, 2.60 |
|
0.74 |
0.18, 3.09 |
|
0.83 |
0.20, 3.46 |
|
Q3 (3.18 - 3.38) |
0.44 |
0.13, 1.47 |
|
0.40 |
0.11, 1.38 |
|
0.44 |
0.13, 1.48 |
|
Q4 (≥3.38) |
0.79 |
0.25, 2.55 |
|
0.65 |
0.21, 2.08 |
|
0.68 |
0.22, 2.16 |
|
Breastfeeding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No |
1.00 |
|
0.93 |
1.00 |
|
0.72 |
1.00 |
|
0.88 |
Yes |
0.96 |
0.33, 2.74 |
|
0.82 |
0.27, 2.43 |
|
0.92 |
0.32, 2.65 |
|
Age at menarche of mother (y) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
≤13 |
1.00 |
|
0.26 |
1.00 |
|
0.46 |
1.00 |
|
0.43 |
14 |
0.13 |
0.03, 0.60 |
|
0.22 |
0.06, 0.91 |
|
0.19 |
0.05, 0.75 |
|
15 |
0.08 |
0.02, 0.39 |
|
0.11 |
0.02, 0.54 |
|
0.10 |
0.02, 0.46 |
|
≥16 |
0.29 |
0.08, 1.06 |
|
0.42 |
0.11, 1.65 |
|
0.40 |
0.11, 1.50 |
|
AIC |
|
151.07 |
|
|
145.59 |
|
|
148.16 |
|
Table 3.Multiple logistic regression for association of the increase in BMI and early menarche
Variables |
Model 11
|
Model 21
|
Model 31
|
OR2
|
95% CI |
p for trend |
OR |
95% CI |
p for trend |
OR |
95% CI |
p for trend |
Increase in BMI3 (kg/m2/y) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7-8 y old |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1 (<-0.031) |
1.00 |
|
0.048 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q2 (-0.031 - 0.64) |
5.56 |
1.02, 30.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q3 (0.64 - 1.39) |
4.72 |
0.87, 25.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q4 (≥1.39) |
6.44 |
1.24, 33.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8-9 y old |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1 (<-0.30) |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
0.82 |
|
|
|
Q2 (-0.30 - 0.25) |
|
|
|
2.12 |
0.60, 7.50 |
|
|
|
|
Q3 (0.25 - 0.83) |
|
|
|
2.42 |
0.67, 8.72 |
|
|
|
|
Q4 (≥0.83) |
|
|
|
1.17 |
0.30, 4.51 |
|
|
|
|
9-10 y old |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1 (<0.50) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
0.81 |
Q2 (0.50 - 0.95) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.64 |
0.17, 2.36 |
|
Q3 (0.95 - 1.56) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.97 |
0.61, 6.40 |
|
Q4 (≥1.56) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.79 |
0.22, 2.82 |
|
Birth weight4 (kg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q1 (<2.98) |
1.00 |
|
0.30 |
1.00 |
|
0.47 |
1.00 |
|
0.45 |
Q2 (2.98 - 3.18) |
0.57 |
0.14, 2.23 |
|
0.56 |
0.15, 2.09 |
|
0.52 |
0.14, 1.92 |
|
Q3 (3.18 - 3.38) |
0.38 |
0.11, 1.32 |
|
0.40 |
0.12, 1.35 |
|
0.33 |
0.09, 1.12 |
|
Q4 (≥3.38) |
0.58 |
0.18, 1.82 |
|
0.70 |
0.23, 2.20 |
|
0.74 |
0.23, 2.38 |
|
Breastfeeding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No |
1.00 |
|
0.86 |
1.00 |
|
0.97 |
1.00 |
|
0.83 |
Yes |
0.91 |
0.32, 2.59 |
|
0.98 |
0.35, 2.73 |
|
0.89 |
0.32, 2.52 |
|
Age at menarche of mother (y) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
≤13 |
1.00 |
|
0.43 |
1.00 |
|
0.22 |
1.00 |
|
0.19 |
14 |
0.24 |
0.06, 0.94 |
|
0.23 |
0.06, 0.87 |
|
0.20 |
0.05, 0.73 |
|
15 |
0.11 |
0.03, 0.48 |
|
0.09 |
0.02, 0.40 |
|
0.08 |
0.02, 0.37 |
|
≥16 |
0.47 |
0.13, 1.71 |
|
0.39 |
0.11, 1.36 |
|
0.32 |
0.09, 1.13 |
|
AIC |
|
149.38 |
|
|
153.6 |
|
|
152.77 |
|