Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Variables | Early menarche- al group (n = 32) | Average or late menarcheal group (n = 112) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 12.8±0.4 | 12.7±0.5 | 0.231 |
Menarche | |||
Yes | 32 (100.0) | 84 (75.0) | 0.0022 |
No | 0 (0.0) | 28 (25.0) | |
Age at menarche (y) | |||
10 | 10 (31.3) | <0.0012 | |
11 | 22 (68.7) | ||
12 | 54 (64.3) | ||
13 | 30 (35.7) | ||
Height (cm) | |||
7 y old | 121.2±4.6 | 119.4±4.9 | 0.081 |
8 y old | 128.3±5.3 | 126.0±5.0 | 0.031 |
9 y old | 134.4±5.9 | 131.7±5.6 | 0.021 |
10 y old | 141.8±5.6 | 137.1±6.1 | <0.0011 |
11 y old | 149.0±6.2 | 144.1±6.8 | <0.0011 |
12 y old | 154.3±5.9 | 150.5±6.6 | 0.0041 |
13 y old | 157.9±4.5 | 156.7±5.8 | 0.301 |
Weight (kg) | |||
7 y old | 24.3±3.4 | 22.8±4.2 | 0.061 |
8 y old | 29.4±5.2 | 26.4±5.4 | 0.0061 |
9 y old | 32.9±6.5 | 29.3±6.3 | 0.0061 |
10 y old | 38.7±8.0 | 33.9±7.5 | 0.0021 |
11 y old | 43.5±8.7 | 38.5±8.7 | 0.0051 |
12 y old | 49.0±9.2 | 43.9±9.7 | 0.0091 |
13 y old | 54.7±8.6 | 50.1±10.2 | 0.021 |
BMI3 (kg/m2) | |||
7 y old | 16.5±1.7 | 15.9±2.0 | 0.101 |
8 y old | 17.8±2.3 | 16.5±2.5 | 0.011 |
9 y old | 18.1±2.8 | 16.8±2.6 | 0.021 |
10 y old | 19.2±3.0 | 17.9±2.9 | 0.031 |
11 y old | 19.5±2.9 | 18.4±3.0 | 0.061 |
12 y old | 20.4±2.9 | 19.2±3.3 | 0.061 |
13 y old | 21.9±2.8 | 20.3±3.4 | 0.021 |
Body fat (%) | 26.7±4.6 | 23.8±5.8 | 0.011 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 69.0±6.0 | 66.5±8.0 | 0.111 |
Birth weight (kg) | 3.1±0.4 | 3.2±0.4 | 0.291 |
Age at menarche of mother (y) | 14.7±1.8 | 15.0±1.2 | 0.281 |
Breastfeeding | |||
Yes | 24 (75.0) | 90 (80.4) | 0.512 |
No | 8 (25.0) | 22 (19.6) |
Variables |
Model 11 |
Model 21 |
Model 31 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR2 | 95% CI | p for trend | OR | 95% CI | p for trend | OR | 95% CI | p for trend | |
Quartile of BMI3 (kg/m2) | |||||||||
7 y old | |||||||||
Q1 (<14.72) | 1.00 | 0.12 | |||||||
Q2 (14.72 - 15.65) | 4.52 | 0.93, 21.98 | |||||||
Q3 (15.65 - 16.98) | 2.57 | 0.55, 12.16 | |||||||
Q4 (≥16.98) | 4.42 | 0.99, 19.78 | |||||||
8 y old | |||||||||
Q1 (<14.85) | 1.00 | ||||||||
Q2 (14.85 - 16.34) | 3.61 | 0.63, 20.83 | 0.01 | ||||||
Q3 (16.34 - 18.21) | 10.02 | 1.88, 53.49 | |||||||
Q4 (≥18.21) | 6.69 | 1.24, 36.04 | |||||||
9 y old | |||||||||
Q1 (<15.03) | 1.00 | ||||||||
Q2 (15.03 - 16.65) | 6.52 | 1.17, 36.38 | 0.04 | ||||||
Q3 (16.65 - 18.20) | 6.79 | 1.22, 37.72 | |||||||
Q4 (≥18.20) | 7.19 | 1.33, 38.80 | |||||||
Birth weight4 (kg) | |||||||||
Q1 (<2.98) | 1.00 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 1.00 | 0.88 | |||
Q2 (2.98 - 3.18) | 0.65 | 0.17, 2.60 | 0.74 | 0.18, 3.09 | 0.83 | 0.20, 3.46 | |||
Q3 (3.18 - 3.38) | 0.44 | 0.13, 1.47 | 0.40 | 0.11, 1.38 | 0.44 | 0.13, 1.48 | |||
Q4 (≥3.38) | 0.79 | 0.25, 2.55 | 0.65 | 0.21, 2.08 | 0.68 | 0.22, 2.16 | |||
Breastfeeding | |||||||||
No | 1.00 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 0.72 | 1.00 | 0.88 | |||
Yes | 0.96 | 0.33, 2.74 | 0.82 | 0.27, 2.43 | 0.92 | 0.32, 2.65 | |||
Age at menarche of mother (y) | |||||||||
≤13 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 1.00 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 0.43 | |||
14 | 0.13 | 0.03, 0.60 | 0.22 | 0.06, 0.91 | 0.19 | 0.05, 0.75 | |||
15 | 0.08 | 0.02, 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.02, 0.54 | 0.10 | 0.02, 0.46 | |||
≥16 | 0.29 | 0.08, 1.06 | 0.42 | 0.11, 1.65 | 0.40 | 0.11, 1.50 | |||
AIC | 151.07 | 145.59 | 148.16 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; AIC, Akaike’s information criterion.
1 Model 1 examines quartile of BMI when the study populations were at age 7 years, Model 2 examines quartile of BMI when the study populations were at age 8 years, Model 3 examines quartile of BMI when the study populations were at age 9 years. And all models were adjusted for birth weight, breastfeeding, and age at menarche of mother.
2 Age at menarche of mother, breastfeeding, BMI and birth weight were modeled as categorical variables.
3 Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared and categorized by quartile; Q1: <25%, Q2: 25-50%, Q3: 50-75%, Q4: ≥75%.
4 Categorized by quartile; Q1: <25%, Q2: 25-50%, Q3: 50-75%, Q4: ≥75%.
Variables |
Model 11 |
Model 21 |
Model 31 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR2 | 95% CI | p for trend | OR | 95% CI | p for trend | OR | 95% CI | p for trend | |
Increase in BMI3 (kg/m2/y) | |||||||||
7-8 y old | |||||||||
Q1 (<-0.031) | 1.00 | 0.048 | |||||||
Q2 (-0.031 - 0.64) | 5.56 | 1.02, 30.22 | |||||||
Q3 (0.64 - 1.39) | 4.72 | 0.87, 25.52 | |||||||
Q4 (≥1.39) | 6.44 | 1.24, 33.53 | |||||||
8-9 y old | |||||||||
Q1 (<-0.30) | 1.00 | 0.82 | |||||||
Q2 (-0.30 - 0.25) | 2.12 | 0.60, 7.50 | |||||||
Q3 (0.25 - 0.83) | 2.42 | 0.67, 8.72 | |||||||
Q4 (≥0.83) | 1.17 | 0.30, 4.51 | |||||||
9-10 y old | |||||||||
Q1 (<0.50) | 1.00 | 0.81 | |||||||
Q2 (0.50 - 0.95) | 0.64 | 0.17, 2.36 | |||||||
Q3 (0.95 - 1.56) | 1.97 | 0.61, 6.40 | |||||||
Q4 (≥1.56) | 0.79 | 0.22, 2.82 | |||||||
Birth weight4 (kg) | |||||||||
Q1 (<2.98) | 1.00 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.47 | 1.00 | 0.45 | |||
Q2 (2.98 - 3.18) | 0.57 | 0.14, 2.23 | 0.56 | 0.15, 2.09 | 0.52 | 0.14, 1.92 | |||
Q3 (3.18 - 3.38) | 0.38 | 0.11, 1.32 | 0.40 | 0.12, 1.35 | 0.33 | 0.09, 1.12 | |||
Q4 (≥3.38) | 0.58 | 0.18, 1.82 | 0.70 | 0.23, 2.20 | 0.74 | 0.23, 2.38 | |||
Breastfeeding | |||||||||
No | 1.00 | 0.86 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.83 | |||
Yes | 0.91 | 0.32, 2.59 | 0.98 | 0.35, 2.73 | 0.89 | 0.32, 2.52 | |||
Age at menarche of mother (y) | |||||||||
≤13 | 1.00 | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 1.00 | 0.19 | |||
14 | 0.24 | 0.06, 0.94 | 0.23 | 0.06, 0.87 | 0.20 | 0.05, 0.73 | |||
15 | 0.11 | 0.03, 0.48 | 0.09 | 0.02, 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.02, 0.37 | |||
≥16 | 0.47 | 0.13, 1.71 | 0.39 | 0.11, 1.36 | 0.32 | 0.09, 1.13 | |||
AIC | 149.38 | 153.6 | 152.77 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; AIC, Akaike’s information criterion.
1 Model 1 examines the increase in BMI when the study groups grew from 7 to 8 years old, Model 2 examines the increase in BMI when the study groups grew from 8 to 9 years old, Model 3 examines the increase in BMI when the study groups grew from 9-10 years old. All models were adjusted for birth weight, breastfeeding, and age at menarche of the mother.
2 Age at menarche of mother, breastfeeding , and increase in BMI and birth weight were modeled as categorical variables.
3 Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Increase rate of BMI were categorized by quartile; Q1: <25%, Q2: 25-50%, Q3: 50-75%, Q4: ≥75%.
4 Categorized by quartile; Q1: <25%, Q2: 25-50%, Q3: 50-75%, Q4: ≥75%.