Table 1Distributions of socio-demographic factors and self-rated health status by sex
Variables |
Total
|
Men
|
Women
|
p-value |
n |
e% (SE) |
n |
e% (SE) |
n |
e% (SE) |
Age (y) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
19-44 |
81 993 |
52.9 (0.1) |
39 071 |
54.5 (0.2) |
42 922 |
51.2 (0.2) |
|
45-64 |
74 659 |
34.3 (0.1) |
35 471 |
34.3 (0.2) |
39 188 |
34.3 (0.2) |
|
65-74 |
28 594 |
8.8 (0.1) |
13 227 |
8.1 (0.1) |
15 367 |
9.5 (0.1) |
|
≥75 |
14 154 |
4.0 (0.0) |
5629 |
3.1 (0.1) |
8525 |
4.9 (0.1) |
|
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
Never married |
30 841 |
22.4 (0.1) |
17 395 |
36.5 (0.2) |
13 446 |
18.3 (0.2) |
|
Married/live with partner |
138436 |
66.1 (0.2) |
68 702 |
67.5 (0.2) |
69 734 |
64.7 (0.2) |
|
Divorced/separated/widowed |
29 982 |
11.5 (0.1) |
7237 |
6.0 (0.1) |
22 745 |
17.0 (0.1) |
|
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
≤Elementary school |
51 357 |
15.0 (0.1) |
16 711 |
9.5 (0.1) |
34 646 |
20.5 (0.1) |
|
Middle school |
23 339 |
9.4 (0.1) |
11 127 |
8.7 (0.1) |
12 212 |
10.1 (0.1) |
|
High school |
70 292 |
39.5 (0.2) |
36 128 |
41.7 (0.2) |
34 164 |
37.4 (0.2) |
|
≥ College |
54 176 |
36.1 (0.2) |
29 316 |
40.1 (0.2) |
24 860 |
32.0 (0.2) |
|
Income (million Korean won) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
≤1.00 |
50 688 |
16.8 (0.1) |
21 470 |
14.8 (0.1) |
29 218 |
18.7 (0.2) |
|
1.01-2.00 |
45 817 |
22.0 (0.2) |
22 145 |
22.3 (0.2) |
23 672 |
21.7 (0.2) |
|
2.01-3.00 |
41 579 |
23.1 (0.2) |
20 283 |
23.9 (0.2) |
21 296 |
22.4 (0.2) |
|
3.01-4.00 |
22 039 |
13.2 (0.2) |
10 655 |
13.6 (0.2) |
11 384 |
12.7 (0.2) |
|
≥4.01 |
39 277 |
24.9 (0.2) |
18 845 |
25.4 (0.2) |
20 432 |
24.4 (0.2) |
|
Residential area |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
Urban |
112 455 |
80.9 (0.1) |
52 093 |
80.4 (0.1) |
60 362 |
81.3 (0.1) |
|
Rural |
86 945 |
19.1 (0.1) |
41 305 |
19.6 (0.1) |
93 398 |
18.7 (0.1) |
|
Region |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.41 |
Gyeongin |
62 532 |
48.1 (0.1) |
28 872 |
47.9 (0.2) |
33 660 |
48.2 (0.2) |
|
Chungcheong |
27 084 |
9.9 (0.1) |
12 857 |
9.9 (0.1) |
14 227 |
9.8 (0.1) |
|
Yeongnam |
60 254 |
28.1 (0.1) |
28 277 |
28.1 (0.1) |
31 977 |
28.1 (0.1) |
|
Honam |
30 504 |
9.7 (0.1) |
14 344 |
9.8 (0.1) |
16 160 |
9.7 (0.1) |
|
Gwangwon-Jeju |
19 026 |
4.2 (0.0) |
9048 |
4.2 (0.1) |
9978 |
4.2 (0.1) |
|
General health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<0.001 |
Very good/good |
84 593 |
46.7 (0.2) |
44 718 |
51.9 (0.2) |
39 875 |
41.6 (0.2) |
|
Fair |
75 580 |
39.0 (0.2) |
33 663 |
36.6 (0.2) |
41 917 |
41.3 (0.2) |
|
Poor/very poor |
39 155 |
14.3 (0.1) |
14 977 |
11.5 (0.2) |
24 178 |
17.1 (0.1) |
|
Total |
199 400 |
100.0 |
93 398 |
50.3 (0.1) |
106 002 |
49.7 (0.1) |
|
Table 2Prevalence of four modifiable healthy lifestyle habits and healthy lifestyle by sex
Variables |
Total |
Men |
Women |
p-value |
Non-smoking |
75.0 (0.1) |
53.7 (0.2) |
96.6 (0.1) |
< 0.001 |
Moderate alcohol consumption |
88.2 (0.1) |
79.7 (0.2) |
96.9 (0.1) |
<0.001 |
Regular walking |
45.0 (0.2) |
46.2 (0.2) |
43.8 (0.2) |
<0.001 |
Maintaining a healthy weight |
77.4 (0.1) |
71.3 (0.2) |
73.6 (0.1) |
<0.001 |
Healthy lifestyle1
|
25.5 (0.1) |
16.4 (0.2) |
34.6 (0.2) |
< 0.001 |
Table 3Prevalence of four modifiable healthy lifestyle habits and healthy lifestyle according to socio-demographic factors and self-rated health status in men
Variables |
Non-smoking |
Moderate alcohol consumption |
Regular walking |
Maintaining a healthy weight |
Healthy lifestyle1
|
Age (y) |
|
|
|
|
|
19-44 |
47.9 (0.3) |
79.1 (0.2) |
46.0 (0.3) |
70.0 (0.3) |
14.7 (0.2) |
45-64 |
56.3 (0.3) |
76.8 (0.3) |
45.0 (0.3) |
70.5 (0.3) |
15.4 (0.2) |
65-74 |
72.2 (0.5) |
89.6 (0.4) |
52.7 (0.6) |
78.4 (0.5) |
27.3 (0.5) |
≥75 |
78.6 (0.7) |
95.8 (0.3) |
45.7 (0.9) |
85.7 (0.6) |
29.8 (0.8) |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
|
Never married |
50.6 (0.5) |
83.5 (0.3) |
52.2 (0.4) |
76.6 (0.4) |
19.9 (0.4) |
Married/live with partner |
55.5 (0.2) |
78.3 (0.2) |
43.9 (0.2) |
69.1 (0.2) |
15.3 (0.2) |
Divorced/separated/widowed |
46.8 (0.7) |
78.2 (0.6) |
46.1 (0.8) |
73.4 (0.7) |
14.3 (0.5) |
p-value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
≤Elementary school |
60.9 (0.5) |
83.8 (0.4) |
47.1 (0.5) |
77.6 (0.5) |
19.7 (0.4) |
Middle school |
54.5 (0.6) |
78.0 (0.5) |
45.8 (0.6) |
73.5 (0.5) |
16.2 (0.5) |
High school |
49.8 (0.3) |
78.9 (0.3) |
48.3 (0.3) |
72.8 (0.3) |
16.5 (0.2) |
≥College |
55.8 (0.3) |
80.0 (0.3) |
44.0 (0.3) |
67.9 (0.3) |
15.7 (0.3) |
p-value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Income (million Korean won) |
|
|
|
|
|
≤1.00 |
57.5 (0.5) |
84.8 (0.3) |
47.7 (0.5) |
76.9 (0.4) |
19.8 (0.4) |
1.01-2.00 |
50.8 (0.4) |
80.6 (0.4) |
46.9 (0.4) |
72.7 (0.4) |
16.0 (0.3) |
2.01-3.00 |
50.6 (0.4) |
79.2 (0.3) |
46.2 (0.4) |
70.1 (0.4) |
15.6 (0.3) |
3.01-4.00 |
53.0 (0.6) |
78.0 (0.5) |
45.8 (0.6) |
70.1 (0.5) |
15.6 (0.4) |
≥4.01 |
57.2 (0.4) |
77.4 (0.4) |
45.0 (0.4) |
68.8 (0.4) |
16.2 (0.3) |
p-value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Residential area |
|
|
|
|
|
Urban |
53.8 (0.2) |
79.1 (0.2) |
47.1 (0.2) |
71.0 (0.2) |
16.7 (0.2) |
Rural |
53.4 (0.3) |
82.1 (0.3) |
42.5 (0.3) |
72.6 (0.3) |
15.4 (0.2) |
p-value |
0.34 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
0.001 |
<0.001 |
Region |
|
|
|
|
|
Gyeongin |
54.1 (0.3) |
79.5 (0.3) |
50.7 (0.3) |
70.3 (0.3) |
17.5 (0.3) |
Chungcheong |
54.0 (0.6) |
81.0 (0.4) |
43.0 (0.6) |
73.0 (0.5) |
16.3 (0.4) |
Yeongnam |
52.4 (0.4) |
78.4 (0.3) |
39.9 (0.4) |
72.5 (0.3) |
14.4 (0.3) |
Honam |
57.0 (0.6) |
85.0 (0.4) |
48.6 (0.6) |
73.1 (0.5) |
18.9 (0.4) |
Gwangwon-Jeju |
49.3 (0.7) |
75.9 (0.6) |
39.5 (0.7) |
67.3 (0.7) |
11.9 (0.4) |
p-value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
General health |
|
|
|
|
|
Very good/good |
55.3 (0.3) |
81.1 (0.2) |
49.4 (0.3) |
73.2 (0.3) |
18.7 (0.2) |
Fair |
50.0 (0.3) |
77.0 (0.3) |
43.5 (0.3) |
68.6 (0.3) |
13.4 (0.2) |
Poor/very poor |
58.3 (0.6) |
82.5 (0.4) |
40.4 (0.6) |
71.7 (0.5) |
16.1 (0.4) |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
Table 4Prevalence of four modifiable healthy lifestyle habits and healthy lifestyle according to socio-demographic factors and self-rated health status in women
Variables |
Non-smoking |
Moderate alcohol consumption |
Regular walking |
Maintaining a healthy weight |
Healthy lifestyle1
|
Age (y) |
|
|
|
|
|
19-44 |
96.7 (0.1) |
95.6 (0.1) |
41.9 (0.3) |
89.6 (0.2) |
35.2 (0.3) |
45-64 |
96.6 (0.1) |
97.6 (0.1) |
47.3 (0.3) |
78.0 (0.3) |
35.3 (0.3) |
65-74 |
96.7 (0.2) |
99.6 (0.1) |
46.7 (0.5) |
72.7 (0.5) |
33.4 (0.5) |
≥75 |
94.8 (0.3) |
99.8 (0.0) |
32.6 (0.7) |
81.7 (0.6) |
25.9 (0.6) |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
|
Never married |
95.2 (0.2) |
94.3 (0.2) |
47.9 (0.5) |
94.3 (0.2) |
41.8 (0.5) |
Married/live with partner |
97.9 (0.1) |
97.6 (0.1) |
42.9 (0.2) |
82.1 (0.2) |
33.7 (0.2) |
Divorced/separated/widowed |
93.0 (0.2) |
96.9 (0.2) |
42.7 (0.4) |
77.7 (0.4) |
30.2 (0.4) |
p-value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Education |
|
|
|
|
|
≤Elementary school |
95.5 (0.2) |
98.8 (0.1) |
44.7 (0.4) |
72.4 (0.3) |
30.9 (0.3) |
Middle school |
95.2 (0.2) |
96.8 (0.2) |
47.7 (0.6) |
74.9 (0.5) |
34.1 (0.6) |
High school |
95.8 (0.1) |
95.5 (0.1) |
45.3 (0.3) |
85.3 (0.2) |
36.1 (0.3) |
≥College |
98.5 (0.1) |
97.3 (0.1) |
40.1 (0.4) |
91.5 (0.2) |
35.4 (0.4) |
p-value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Income (million Korean won) |
|
|
|
|
|
≤1.00 |
94.3 (0.2) |
97.7 (0.1) |
44.0 (0.4) |
76.7 (0.3) |
31.7 (0.4) |
1.01-2.00 |
95.4 (0.2) |
96.1 (0.2) |
45.0 (0.4) |
81.7 (0.3) |
34.1 (0.4) |
2.01-3.00 |
97.0 (0.1) |
96.5 (0.2) |
43.7 (0.4) |
84.2 (0.3) |
34.8 (0.4) |
3.01-4.00 |
97.8 (0.2) |
96.9 (0.2) |
44.3 (0.6) |
86.2 (0.4) |
36.4 (0.6) |
≥4.01 |
98.4 (0.1) |
97.3 (0.1) |
42.3 (0.5) |
88.8 (0.2) |
36.1 (0.4) |
p-value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Residential area |
|
|
|
|
|
Urban |
96.5 (0.1) |
96.7 (0.1) |
44.7 (0.2) |
84.3 (0.2) |
35.5 (0.2) |
Rural |
97.0 (0.1) |
97.7 (0.1) |
39.7 (0.3) |
80.7 (0.3) |
30.7 (0.3) |
p-value |
0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
Region |
|
|
|
|
|
Gyeongin |
96.2 (0.1) |
96.5 (0.1) |
47.7 (0.3) |
83.9 (0.2) |
37.6 (0.3) |
Chungcheong |
96.4 (0.2) |
97.2 (0.2) |
39.9 (0.5) |
83.7 (0.4) |
31.6 (0.5) |
Yeongnam |
96.8 (0.1) |
97.1 (0.1) |
38.9 (0.3) |
83.5 (0.2) |
30.7 (0.3) |
Honam |
98.0 (0.2) |
97.9 (0.1) |
45.4 (0.6) |
84.1 (0.4) |
37.1 (0.5) |
Gwangwon-Jeju |
96.6 (0.3) |
95.8 (0.3) |
36.6 (0.7) |
79.5 (0.6) |
27.7 (0.6) |
p-value |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
General health |
|
|
|
|
|
Very good/good |
97.7 (0.1) |
96.7 (0.1) |
46.6 (0.3) |
88.1 (0.2) |
39.1 (0.3) |
Fair |
96.3 (0.1) |
96.5 (0.1) |
43.0 (0.3) |
83.3 (0.2) |
33.3 (0.3) |
Poor/very poor |
94.6 (0.2) |
98.1 (0.1) |
38.6 (0.4) |
73.4 (0.4) |
26.8 (0.4) |
p-value |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
Table 5Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for four modifiable healthy lifestyle habits and the healthy lifestyle in men
Variables |
Non-smoking |
Moderate alcohol consumption |
Maintaining a healthy weight |
Regular walking |
Healthy lifestyle1
|
Age (y, /19-44) |
|
|
|
|
|
44-64 |
1.79 (1.71,1.87) |
1.18 (1.12,1.24) |
1.26 (1.20,1.32) |
1.21 (1.16,1.27) |
1.72 (1.61,1.83) |
65-74 |
4.33 (4.04, 4.64) |
3.06 (2.78, 3.37) |
1.88 (1.74, 2.02) |
1.78 (1.67,1.91) |
4.26 (3.92, 4.64) |
≥75 |
6.57 (5.95, 7.25) |
8.24 (6.94, 9.78) |
3.10 (2.75, 3.50) |
1.40 (1.28,1.53) |
5.18 (4.65, 5.79) |
Marital status (/never married) |
|
|
|
|
|
Married/live with partner |
0.82 (0.78, 0.86) |
0.61 (0.58, 0.65) |
0.59 (0.56, 0.63) |
0.66 (0.63, 0.69) |
0.49 (0.46, 0.53) |
Divorced/separated/widowed |
0.52 (0.48, 0.57) |
0.53 (0.48, 0.59) |
0.64 (0.59, 0.70) |
0.71 (0.66, 0.77) |
0.40 (0.36, 0.45) |
Education (/≤elementary) |
|
|
|
|
|
Middle school |
1.04 (0.97,1.11) |
0.96 (0.88,1.05) |
0.93 (0.86,1.01) |
0.95 (0.89,1.02) |
1.00 (0.92,1.09) |
High school |
1.13 (1.06,1.20) |
1.13 (1.04,1.22) |
0.92 (0.86, 0.99) |
0.99 (0.94,1.06) |
1.14 (1.06,1.23) |
≥College |
1.49 (1.39,1.59) |
1.34 (1.23,1.46) |
0.78 (0.73, 0.84) |
0.85 (0.80, 0.91) |
1.16 (1.07,1.26) |
Income (million Korean won, /≤1.00) |
|
|
|
|
|
1.01-2.00 |
1.00 (0.95,1.06) |
0.96 (0.89,1.03) |
0.96 (0.90,1.03) |
1.00 (0.95,1.06) |
0.98 (0.91,1.06) |
2.01-3.00 |
1.04 (0.98, 1.10) |
0.92 (0.85, 0.99) |
0.92 (0.86, 0.98) |
1.00 (0.94,1.06) |
1.04 (0.96,1.12) |
3.01-4.00 |
1.14 (1.07,1.22) |
0.86 (0.78, 0.93) |
0.95 (0.88,1.02) |
1.00 (0.93,1.07) |
1.05 (0.96,1.16) |
≥4.01 |
1.26 (1.19,1.35) |
0.79 (0.73, 0.86) |
0.89 (0.83, 0.95) |
0.94 (0.88,1.00) |
1.04 (0.96,1.13) |
Residential area (/urban) |
|
|
|
|
|
Rural |
0.96 (0.92, 0.99) |
1.15 (1.10,1.21) |
0.98 (0.94,1.03) |
0.88 (0.84, 0.91) |
0.89 (0.84, 0.93) |
Region (/Gyeongin) |
|
|
|
|
|
Chungcheong |
1.01 (0.96,1.07) |
1.03 (0.97,1.10) |
1.09 (1.03, 1.16) |
0.74 (0.70, 0.78) |
0.92 (0.86,1.00) |
Yeongnam |
0.95 (0.91, 0.99) |
0.91 (0.86, 0.96) |
1.08 (1.03,1.13) |
0.64 (0.61, 0.67) |
0.79 (0.75, 0.84) |
Honam |
1.13 (1.07,1.20) |
1.35 (1.25,1.46) |
1.08 (1.01, 1.15) |
0.92 (0.87, 0.97) |
1.09 (1.01,1.16) |
Gwangwon-Jeju |
0.83 (0.77, 0.89) |
0.74 (0.69, 0.80) |
0.82 (0.76, 0.88) |
0.63 (0.59, 0.68) |
0.62 (0.57, 0.69) |
General health (/very good/good) |
|
|
|
|
|
Fair |
0.77 (0.74, 0.80) |
0.80 (0.76, 0.84) |
0.80 (0.77, 0.83) |
0.79 (0.77, 0.82) |
0.66 (0.63, 0.70) |
Poor/very poor |
0.85 (0.80, 0.89) |
0.90 (0.84, 0.97) |
0.73 (0.69, 0.78) |
0.63 (0.59, 0.66) |
0.62 (0.58, 0.67) |
Table 6Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for four modifiable healthy lifestyle habits and the healthy lifestyle index in women
Variables |
Non-smoking |
Moderate alcohol consumption |
Maintaining a healthy weight |
Regular walking |
Healthy lifestyle1
|
Age (y, /19-44) |
|
|
|
|
|
44-64 |
1.61 (1.39,1.87) |
2.21 (1.93, 2.54) |
0.83 (0.78, 0.88) |
1.30 (1.24,1.36) |
1.29 (1.23,1.36) |
65-74 |
3.24 (2.64, 3.98) |
13.74 (9.67,19.73) |
0.95 (0.87,1.04) |
1.28 (1.19,1.37) |
1.45 (1.35,1.56) |
≥75 |
2.59 (2.09, 3.21) |
46.77 (25.77, 84.87) |
1.70 (1.51,1.92) |
0.73 (0.67, 0.80) |
1.10 (1.00,1.21) |
Marital status (/never married) |
|
|
|
|
|
Married/live with partner |
2.55 (2.23, 2.90) |
1.86 (1.66, 2.08) |
0.42 (0.38, 0.45) |
0.70 (0.67, 0.74) |
0.67 (0.64, 0.70) |
Divorced/separated/widowed |
0.88 (0.76,1.02) |
0.83 (0.70, 0.97) |
0.43 (0.39, 0.47) |
0.70 (0.65, 0.74) |
0.60 (0.56, 0.64) |
Education (/≤elementary) |
|
|
|
|
|
Middle school |
0.84 (0.73, 0.97) |
0.67 (0.55, 0.82) |
1.17 (1.09,1.25) |
0.94 (0.88, 0.99) |
1.01 (0.95,1.08) |
High school |
1.20 (1.03,1.39) |
0.85 (0.69,1.05) |
1.72 (1.61,1.84) |
0.80 (0.76, 0.85) |
1.03 (0.98,1.10) |
≥College |
3.54 (2.89, 4.32) |
1.63 (1.29, 2.06) |
2.69 (2.47, 2.94) |
0.63 (0.59, 0.67) |
0.96 (0.90,1.03) |
Income (million Korean won, /≤1.00) |
|
|
|
|
|
1.01-2.00 |
1.09 (0.97,1.23) |
0.83 (0.71, 0.96) |
1.00 (0.94,1.06) |
1.01 (0.96,1.06) |
1.01 (0.96,1.06) |
2.01-3.00 |
1.51 (1.32,1.72) |
0.89 (0.75,1.05) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.12) |
0.99 (0.94,1.05) |
1.04 (0.98,1.10) |
3.01-4.00 |
1.91 (1.59, 2.29) |
1.00 (0.84,1.20) |
1.12 (1.03,1.22) |
1.04 (0.97, 1.11) |
1.10 (1.03,1.18) |
≥4.01 |
2.34 (1.98, 2.76) |
1.07 (0.90,1.26) |
1.35 (1.26,1.46) |
0.94 (0.89, 0.99) |
1.05 (0.99,1.11) |
Residential area (/urban) |
|
|
|
|
|
Rural |
1.21 (1.09,1.34) |
1.23 (1.09,1.38) |
0.99 (0.95,1.04) |
0.85 (0.82, 0.89) |
0.89 (0.86, 0.93) |
Region (/Gyeongin) |
|
|
|
|
|
Chungcheong |
1.16 (0.99,1.34) |
1.13 (0.94,1.35) |
1.17 (1.09,1.25) |
0.73 (0.69, 0.77) |
0.80 (0.75, 0.84) |
Yeongnam |
1.37 (1.23,1.52) |
1.13 (1.01,1.26) |
1.14 (1.09,1.20) |
0.69 (0.66, 0.72) |
0.76 (0.73, 0.79) |
Honam |
2.15 (1.80, 2.57) |
1.49 (1.26,1.75) |
1.26 (1.17,1.35) |
0.92 (0.87, 0.96) |
1.03 (0.98,1.09) |
Gwangwon-Jeju |
1.31 (1.10,1.55) |
0.71 (0.60, 0.84) |
0.93 (0.86,1.02) |
0.63 (0.59, 0.68) |
0.68 (0.63, 0.72) |
General health (/very good/good) |
|
|
|
|
|
Fair |
0.63 (0.57, 0.70) |
0.85 (0.77, 0.94) |
0.82 (0.78, 0.86) |
0.83 (0.80, 0.86) |
0.79 (0.76, 0.82) |
Poor/very poor |
0.48 (0.42, 0.55) |
0.94 (0.80,1.11) |
0.62 (0.58, 0.65) |
0.64 (0.61, 0.67) |
0.59 (0.56, 0.62) |