Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Exploring Reproductive Health Education Needs in Infertile Women in Iran: A Qualitative Study: Zohreh Khakbazan, Raziyeh Maasoumi, Zahra Rakhshaee, Saharnaz Nedjat; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):353-361. Published online July 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.056

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Objectives
An inadequate understanding of infertility can affect individuals’ self-efficacy and ability to perform self-care; thus, reproductive health education is an important part of infertility treatment. The present qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences and educational needs of infertile women with regard to reproductive health.
Methods
In this qualitative study, we utilized a content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was performed to ensure maximum diversity. In total, 23 individual interviews were conducted with 20 Iranian women with infertility and 3 key informants between July 2018 and February 2019 in northern Iran. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using a conventional content analysis approach.
Results
Reproductive health education needs were identified by analyzing interview data from 4 main categories: familiarity with the fertility process and preparation for pregnancy, recognition of infertility and expectations around seeking treatment, recognition of preventive actions associated with reproductive health, and correction of false beliefs. Recognizing the causes of infertility and understanding the different approaches to infertility treatment are among the most important educational needs of infertile women. The potential for neglect of health-related issues due to concerns about fertility and the maternal experience necessitates education about preventive measures for cervical cancer, breast cancer, and sexually transmitted infections. Correcting misconceptions, including those related to contraceptives and traditional medicine, can also help promote reproductive health.
Conclusions
In infertile women, the educational needs associated with reproductive health are multifaceted. Satisfying these needs can help achieve optimal treatment results and promote reproductive health.

Summary

Citations

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The impact of stigma on mental health and quality of life of infertile women: A systematic review
Yue Xie, Yue Ren, Changmin Niu, Ying Zheng, Ping Yu, Lin Li
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Women's experience of infertility & treatment – A silent grief and failed care and support
Shereen Assaysh-Öberg, Catrin Borneskog, Elin Ternström
Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare.2023; 37: 100879. CrossRef
Effect of Teach-back and Douyin platform short video health education in women receiving infertility treatment
Qin Lin, Haiyan Zhou, Jijun Wu, Pei Chen, Yanping Niu, Weiwei Fang, Ling Li, Ling Peng, Mengxue Fu
DIGITAL HEALTH.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Study of Reproductive Health Literacy and Its Related Factors in Infertile Women
Z Rakhshaee, B Kamranpour
Journal of Health and Hygiene.2023; 14(4): 466. CrossRef
Women’s Attempts Related to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Infertility Causes and Diagnosis: A Narrative Inquiry
Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Malihe Noori Sistani, Mohammad Vahedian-Shahroodi
Community Health Equity Research & Policy.2022; 42(3): 291. CrossRef

Effects of Air Pollution on Public and Private Health Expenditures in Iran: A Time Series Study (1972-2014): Pouran Raeissi, Touraj Harati-Khalilabad, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Yaser Hashemi, Abdoreza Mousavi, Saeed Khodabakhshzadeh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(3):140-147. Published online May 14, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.153

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19 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
Environmental pollution is a negative consequence of the development process, and many countries are grappling with this phenomenon. As a developing country, Iran is not exempt from this rule, and Iran pays huge expenditures for the consequences of pollution. The aim of this study was to analyze the long- and short-run impact of air pollution, along with other health indicators, on private and public health expenditures.
Methods
This study was an applied and developmental study. Autoregressive distributed lag estimating models were used for the period of 1972 to 2014. In order to determine the co-integration between health expenditures and the infant mortality rate, fertility rate, per capita income, and pollution, we used the Wald test in Microfit version 4.1. We then used Eviews version 8 to evaluate the stationarity of the variables and to estimate the long- and short-run relationships.
Results
Long-run air pollution had a positive and significant effect on health expenditures, so that a 1.00% increase in the index of carbon dioxide led to an increase of 3.32% and 1.16% in public and private health expenditures, respectively. Air pollution also had a greater impact on health expenditures in the long term than in the short term.
Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that among the factors affecting health expenditures, environmental quality and contaminants played the most important role. Therefore, in order to reduce the financial burden of health expenditures in Iran, it is essential to reduce air pollution by enacting and implementing laws that protect the environment.

Summary

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Shurui Jiang, Xue Tan, Peiqi Hu, Yue Wang, Lei Shi, Zhong Ma, Genfa Lu
Journal of Cleaner Production.2022; 334: 130231. CrossRef
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Muhammad Azam, Abdul Majid Awan
Social Indicators Research.2022; 163(2): 505. CrossRef
Impact of Environmental Quality on Healthcare Expenditures in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Approach
Asim Anwar, Shabir Hyder, Russell Bennett, Mustafa Younis
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The impact of air pollution on urban residents’ health expenditure: spatial evidence from Yangtze River Delta, China
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Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health.2021; 14(3): 343. CrossRef
Association between health expenditures, economic growth and environmental pollution: Long‐run and causality analysis from Asian economies
Samia Nasreen
The International Journal of Health Planning and Management.2021; 36(3): 925. CrossRef
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Emission Control Science and Technology.2020; 6(1): 86. CrossRef
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Lele Li, Tiantian Du, Chi Zhang
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2020; Volume 13: 1723. CrossRef
Are Air Pollution, Economic and Non-Economic Factors Associated with Per Capita Health Expenditures? Evidence from Emerging Economies
Muhammad Usman, Zhiqiang Ma, Muhammad Wasif Zafar, Abdul Haseeb, Rana Umair Ashraf
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Reza Bayat, Khosro Ashrafi, Majid Shafiepour Motlagh, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Rajabali Daroudi, Günther Fink, Nino Künzli
Environmental Research.2019; 176: 108547. CrossRef
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Alper KARASOY, Gökhan DEMİRTAŞ
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Socioeconomic Status and Number of Children Among Korean Women: The Healthy Twin Study: Jinseob Kim, Joohon Sung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(1):50-60. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.1.50

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7 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate whether the birth rate is associated with socioeconomic status in the women of the Republic of Korea, where the birth rate is rapidly decreasing.

Methods

This study included 732 females from the Healthy Twin Study, a family-twin cohort. The participants were classified into 3 socioeconomic groups according to their average income, education, and occupation. The association between socioeconomic status and number of children was assessed using gamma regression analysis with a generalized linear mixed model, adjusting for the age group, smoking/alcohol status, and family relationships.

Results

The group with the highest education level had significantly fewer children compared with the group with the lowest education level (p=0.004). However, no significant associations were found according to household income level. The non-manual labor group had significantly fewer children compared with those working as homemakers (p=0.008).

Conclusions

This study aimed to explain the causal relationship between socioeconomic status and number of children. Associations between some socioeconomic status and number of children were found in Korea.

Summary

Citations

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Association between women's empowerment and fertility preferences in Ghana
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Early Childhood Teachers’ Fertility Willingness under China’s ‘Third-Child’ Policy
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Sustainability.2022; 14(16): 10083. CrossRef
Intent to have a second child among Chinese women of childbearing age following China’s new universal two-child policy: a cross-sectional study
Jue Liu, Min Liu, Shikun Zhang, Qiuyue Ma, Qiaomei Wang
BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health.2020; 46(1): 59. CrossRef
The impact of conflict among political actors on implementing South Korea’s new teacher evaluation policy: A case study with implications for education policymaking
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Studies in Educational Evaluation.2019; 61: 94. CrossRef
Scarcity or luxury: Which leads to adolescent greed? Evidence from a large‐scale Chinese adolescent sample
Zhenzhen Liu, Xiaomin Sun, Lubsan Tsydypov
Journal of Adolescence.2019; 77(1): 32. CrossRef
Early life socioeconomic determinants of dietary score and pattern trajectories across six waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Constantine E Gasser, Fiona K Mensah, Jessica A Kerr, Melissa Wake
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2017; 71(12): 1152. CrossRef
Socioeconomic status and fertility intentions among Chinese women with one child
Yumei Zheng, Jingqin Yuan, Tan Xu, Mei Chen, Hui Liang, Donovan Connor, Yongqing Gao, Wenjie Sun, Nivedita Shankar, Chuanwen Lu, Yan Jiang
Human Fertility.2016; 19(1): 43. CrossRef

English Abstract

Determinants of Sterilization among Married Couples in Korea.: Ju Hee Kim, Woojin Chung, Sunmi Lee, Moonhee Suh, Dae Ryong Kang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(6):461-466.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.6.461

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of sterilization in South Korea. METHODS: This study was based on the data from the Korea National Fertility Survey carried out in the year 2000 by the Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs. The subjects of the analysis were 4,604 women and their husbands who were in their first marriage, in the age group of 15-49 years. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Consistent with the findings of previous studies, the woman's age and the number of total children increased the likelihood of sterilization. In addition, the year of marriage had a strong positive association with sterilization. Interestingly, the number of surviving sons tended to increase the likelihood of sterilization, whereas the woman's education level and age at the time of marriage showed a negative association with sterilization. Religion, place of residence, son preference, and the husband's education level, age and type of occupation were not significant determinants of sterilization. CONCLUSIONS: The sex of previous children and lower level of education are distinct determinants of sterilization among women in South Korea. More studies are needed in order to determine the associations between sterilization rate and decreased fertility.; Summary

Original Article

A Follow-up Study of Fertility and Pregnancy Wastage of Women in Rural Area.: Jung Han Park, Sin Hyang Kim, Byung Yeol Chun, Gui Yeon Kim, Min Hae Yeh, Seong Eok Cho, Jae Yeon Cho; Korean J Prev Med. 1988;21(1):21-30.

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Abstract PDF: To measure the fertility rate and pregnancy wastage of women in rural area, 3,780 married women under 50 years old who were not sterilized either woman or husband in Gunwee county were followed up for 2 years. Seventeen Myun health workers visited these women periodically to check the status of their family planning practice and menstruation. Pregnant women were interviewed for their past obstetric history and followed up to the time of delivery. Family planning was practiced in 51.6% of the 6,826 women-years observed during the period from April 1, 1985 to March 31, 1987. Pregnancy, abortion and delivery covered 7.6% of the observed women years and family planning was not practiced in 36.5% of the women-years. When sterilized women at the beginning of the study were included, the family planning practice rate was 72.1% which was slightly higher than the national family planning practice rate. However, 28% of the women of 30-39 years old had not practiced family planning although they had 2-3 children and they used more such less effective methods as safe-period method and condom than the women of 20-29 years old. Overall pregnancy rate was 14.3 per 100 woman-years. Women of 25-29 years old had the highest pregnancy rate of 27.4 per 100 woman-years. Pregnancy wastage including spontaneous and induced abortions and still births was 22.0% of all pregnancies and it increased with the age of women; 15.8% in women less than 30 years old and 43.7% in women of 30 years and over. Women who terminated the pregnancy with induced abortion had more pregnancies, more previous induced and spontaneous abortions and shorter pregnancy interval than those women who terminated with live birth. Pregnant women terminated with a live birth had received 4.2 prenatal cares on the average. Eighty-five percent of deliveries occurred at a medical facility and 15% at home which was substantially lower home delivery rate than the other rural area of Korea. This may be due to the effects of the demonstration project for the primary health care in 1970s in Gunwee county. These findings suggest that family planning service in rural area should be strengthened by promoting the use of more effective contraceptive method among women over 30 years of age.; Summary

English Abstract

Effects of the Late Marriage of Korean Women on the First-birth Interval.: Woojin Chung, Kyoungae Lee, Sunmi Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(3):213-220.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of women's late age of marriage on the interval between marriage and their first birth. METHODS: Data from Year 2000 Korea National Fertility Survey was collected through direct interview questionings, and the data was analyzed based on randomly selected sampling. In particular, the married women (N=5,648) were analyzed for the factors that determined the first-birth interval by performing Cox's proportional hazard model survival analysis. RESULTS: Unlike previous findings, the woman whose age of marriage was 30 or more was more likely to delay the birth of her first baby than were the other women who married earlier. Further, a woman's age at marriage, a woman's residence before marriage, her husband's religion, her husband's level of education and the difference in age between the woman and her husband significantly influenced the first-birth interval. In contrast, for a married woman, her age, level of education, current residence and religion were not significant predictors of her first birth interval. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that women who married at the age of 30 years or more tend to postpone their first birth in Korea. When facing the increasing number of women who marry at a late age, the Korean government should implement population and social policies to encourage married women have their first child as early as possible.; Summary

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