Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Volume 49(1); January 2016

Special Articles

Legal Issues in Quarantine and Isolation for Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases: Cheonsoo Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):1-17. Published online January 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.009

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea in 2015 has drawn public attention regarding the legal regulation of infectious disease control in Korea. This paper discusses the interpretive and legislative concerns regarding the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act, its ordinance and enforcement regulations, as well as public statements from the relevant administrative agency. Future improvements are also proposed.

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Utilization of the Public Health Ordinance to prevent nosocomial spread in a case of acute measles-associated psychosis
Chen Stein-Zamir, Nitza Abramson, Hagit Sonnenfeld-Alroey, Jacob Charnes, Dana Eckstein, Aryeh Dienstag, Dana Wolf, Allon E. Moses, Yoram G. Weiss
Israel Journal of Health Policy Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
MERS-CoV infection in South Korea and strategies for possible future outbreak: narrative review
Chulwoo Park
Journal of Global Health Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Job satisfaction and trust in Health Insurance Review Agency among Korean physicians
Hoo-Yeon Lee, Sung Eun Park, Eun-Cheol Park, Myung-Il Hahm, Woo Hyun Cho
Health Policy.2008; 87(2): 249. CrossRef
Illuminating membrane fusion
J. Rizo
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2006; 103(52): 19611. CrossRef

Ethical Perspectives on the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Epidemic in Korea: Ock-Joo Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):18-22. Published online January 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.013

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Abstract PDF

Ethical considerations are essential in planning for and responding to outbreaks of infectious diseases. During the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the Republic of Korea in 2015, serious challenges emerged regarding important ethical issues, such as transparency and the protection of privacy. The development of bioethics in Korea has been influenced by individualistic perspectives applied in clinical contexts, leading to a paucity of ethical perspectives relevant to population-level phenomena such as outbreaks. Alternative theories of public health ethics include the perspectives of relational autonomy and the patient as victim and vector. Public health actions need to incorporate clear and systematic procedures founded upon ethical principles. The MERS-CoV epidemic in Korea created significant public support for more aggressive early interventions in future outbreaks. This trend makes it all the more imperative for ethical principles and procedures to be implemented in future planning and responses to outbreaks in order to promote perceptions of legitimacy and civic participation.

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1965 US Voting Rights Act Impact on Black and Black Versus White Infant Death Rates in Jim Crow States, 1959–1980 and 2017–2021
Tamara Rushovich, Rachel C. Nethery, Ariel White, Nancy Krieger
American Journal of Public Health.2024; 114(3): 300. CrossRef
Government Initiatives for Research Ethics During COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea
Young Su Park, Ock-Joo Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
How Can We Deal with Psychosocial Issues in an Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak? Lessons from a Qualitative Study for the MERS Outbreak in Korea
Hye Yoon Park, Haewoo Lee, Ji-yeon Lee, Kyoung-Ho Song, Yeonjae Kim, So Hee Lee
Infection & Chemotherapy.2023; 55(3): 355. CrossRef
Investing in community power building to increase civic engagement through voting: lessons from the Building Healthy Communities initiative
Monique Gill, Benjamin Gronowski, Elliott Moon, Claire Devine, Megan Holtorf, Bill Wright
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The relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior among nurses in iran during COVID-19 pandemic
Fatemeh Hajibabaee, Waliu Jawula Salisu, Elham Akhlaghi, Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani, Maryam Mohamadzadeh Nojeh Dehi, Shima Haghani
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Vote like your health depends on it: Voter engagement in the healthcare setting
Margaret N. Jones, Andrew F. Beck
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Ethical Challenges Experienced by Physicians and Nurses in Caring for Patients with COVID-19: A Qualitative Study
Kobra Rashidi, Fateme Goudarzi, Mohsen Fadavi, Forouzan Akrami
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Safe and Accessible Voting: The Role of Public Health
Edward P. Ehlinger, Carmen Rita Nevarez
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How lessons learned from the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak affected the response to coronavirus disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea
Tae Un Yang, Ji Yun Noh, Joon-Young Song, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim
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Jeong Yun PARK
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MERS-CoV infection in South Korea and strategies for possible future outbreak: narrative review
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The Tobacco Industry’s Abuse of Scientific Evidence and Activities to Recruit Scientists During Tobacco Litigation: Sungkyu Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):23-34. Published online January 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.063

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

South Korea’s state health insurer, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), is in the process of a compensation suit against tobacco industry. The tobacco companies have habitually endeavored to ensure favorable outcomes in litigation by misusing scientific evidence or recruiting scientists to support its interests. This study analyzed strategies that tobacco companies have used during the NHIS litigation, which has been receiving world-wide attention. To understand the litigation strategies of tobacco companies, the present study reviewed the existing literature and carried out content analysis of petitions, preparatory documents, and supporting evidence submitted to the court by the NHIS and the tobacco companies during the suit. Tobacco companies misrepresented the World Health Organization (WHO) report’s argument and misused scientific evidence, and removed the word “deadly” from the title of the citation. Tobacco companies submitted the research results of scientists who had worked as a consultant for the tobacco industry as evidence. Such litigation strategies employed by the tobacco companies internationally were applied similarly in Korean lawsuits. Results of tobacco litigation have a huge influence on tobacco control policies. For desirable outcomes of the suits, healthcare professionals need to pay a great deal of attention to the enormous volume of written opinions and supporting evidence that tobacco companies submit. They also need to face the fact that the companies engage in recruitment of scientists. Healthcare professionals should refuse to partner with tobacco industry, as recommended by Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

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We must win the tobacco litigation for public health
Sungkyu Lee
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Original Articles

Associations of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity With Metabolic Syndrome Considering Both Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength: Jihye Lee, Yeon-pyo Hong, Hyun Ju Shin, Weonyoung Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):35-44. Published online November 23, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.055

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
We investigated the associations of sarcopenia-defined both in terms of muscle mass and muscle strength-and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome.
Methods
Secondary data pertaining to 309 subjects (85 men and 224 women) were collected from participants in exercise programs at a health center in a suburban area. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and muscle strength was measured via handgrip strength. Sarcopenia based on muscle mass alone was defined as a weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass index more than two standard deviations below the mean of a sex-specific young reference group (class II sarcopenia). Two cut-off values for low handgrip strength were used: the first criteria were <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, and the second criteria were the lowest quintile of handgrip strength among the study subjects. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the combination of class II sarcopenia and being in the two highest quintiles of total body fat percentage among the subjects. The associations of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome were evaluated using logistic regression models.
Results
The age-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) of metabolic syndrome being compared in people with or without sarcopenia defined in terms of muscle mass were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.47, p=0.008) in men and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.19, p<0.001) in women, which were found to be statistically significant relationships. The RRs of metabolic syndrome being compared in people with or without sarcopenic obesity were 1.31 in men (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.56, p=0.003) and 1.17 in women (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.25, p<0.001), which were likewise found to be statistically significant relationships.
Conclusions
The associations of sarcopenia defined in terms of muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity with metabolic syndrome were statistically significant in both men and women. Therefore, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity must be considered as part of the community-based management of non-communicable diseases.

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Lauren Turner, Karen Poole, Sara Faithfull, Bruce A. Griffin
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G Gioia
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Diabetes Mellitus and Site-specific Colorectal Cancer Risk in Korea: A Case-control Study: Hyeongtaek Woo, Jeeyoo Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Ji Won Park, Sungchan Park, Jeongseon Kim, Jae Hwan Oh, Aesun Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):45-52. Published online December 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.029

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Previous large-scale cohort studies conducted in Korea have found a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in men only, in contrast to studies of other populations that have found significant associations in both men and women.
Methods
A total of 1070 CRC cases and 2775 controls were recruited from the National Cancer Center, Korea between August 2010 and June 2013. Self-reported DM history and the duration of DM were compared between cases and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by binary and polytomous logistic regression models.
Results
DM was associated with an elevated risk of CRC in both men (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.90) and women (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.98). This association remained when we controlled for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and physical activity level. In sub-site analyses, DM was associated with distal colon cancer risk in both men (multivariate OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.00) and women (multivariate ORs, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.79), while DM was only associated with rectal cancer risk in women (multivariate OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.82). No significant association was found between DM and proximal colon cancer risk in either men (multivariate OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.88 to 2.41) or women (multivariate OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 0.78 to 4.08).
Conclusions
Overall, DM was associated with an increased risk of CRC in Koreans. However, potential over-estimation of the ORs should be considered due to potential biases from the case-control design.

Summary

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Y-Thanh Lu, Madhawa Gunathilake, Jeonghee Lee, Jae Hwan Oh, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Kyung Sohn, Aesun Shin, Jeongseon Kim
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Factors Affecting the Downward Mobility of Psychiatric Patients: A Korean Study of National Health Insurance Beneficiaries: Un-Na Kim, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jin-Seok Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):53-60. Published online December 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.052

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The purpose of this study is to examine the magnitude of and the factors associated with the downward mobility of first-episode psychiatric patients.
Methods
This study used the claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population included 19 293 first-episode psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10] code F10), schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD-10 codes F20-F29), and mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F30-F33) in the first half of 2005. This study included only National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005. The dependent variable was the occurrence of downward mobility, which was defined as a health insurance status change from National Health Insurance to Medical Aid. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with downward drift of first-episode psychiatric patients.
Results
About 10% of the study population who were National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005 became Medical Aid recipients in 2007. The logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, primary diagnosis, type of hospital at first admission, regular use of outpatient clinic, and long-term hospitalization are significant predictors in determining downward drift in newly diagnosed psychiatric patients.
Conclusions
This research showed that the downward mobility of psychiatric patients is affected by long-term hospitalization and medical care utilization. The findings suggest that early intensive intervention might reduce long-term hospitalization and the downward mobility of psychiatric patients.

Summary

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School Violence, Depressive Symptoms, and Help-seeking Behavior: A Gender-stratified Analysis of Biethnic Adolescents in South Korea: Ji-Hwan Kim, Ja Young Kim, Seung-Sup Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):61-68. Published online January 21, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.060

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160 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objectives
In South Korea (hereafter Korea), the number of adolescent offspring of immigrants has rapidly increased since the early 1990s, mainly due to international marriage. This research sought to examine the association between the experience of school violence and mental health outcomes, and the role of help-seeking behaviors in the association, among biethnic adolescents in Korea.
Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data of 3627 biethnic adolescents in Korea from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Based on the victim’s help-seeking behavior, adolescents who experienced school violence were classified into three groups: ‘seeking help’ group; ‘feeling nothing’ group; ‘not seeking help’ group. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to examine the associations between the experience of school violence and depressive symptoms for males and females separately.
Results
In the gender-stratified analysis, school violence was associated with depressive symptoms in the ‘not seeking help’ (odds ratio [OR], 7.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.76 to 13.23) and the ‘seeking help’ group (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.73 to 4.44) among male adolescents after adjusting for potential confounders, including the nationality of the immigrant parent and Korean language fluency. Similar associations were observed in the female groups. However, in the ‘feeling nothing’ group, the association was only significant for males (OR, 8.34; 95% CI, 2.82 to 24.69), but not females (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.18 to 3.28).
Conclusions
This study suggests that experience of school violence is associated with depressive symptoms and that the role of victims’ help-seeking behaviors in the association may differ by gender among biethnic adolescents in Korea.

Summary

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Determinants of Mental Health Care Utilization in a Suicide High-risk Group With Suicidal Ideation: Hyun-Soo Kim, Moo-Sik Lee, Jee-Young Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(1):69-78. Published online January 22, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.016

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155 Download
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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The suicide rate in Korea is increasing every year, and is the highest among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. Psychiatric patients in particular have a higher risk of suicide than other patients. This study was performed to evaluate determinants of mental health care utilization among individuals at high risk for suicide.
Methods
Korea Health Panel data from 2009 to 2011 were used. Subjects were individuals at high risk of suicide who had suicidal ideation, a past history of psychiatric illness, or had utilized outpatient services for a psychiatric disorder associated with suicidal ideation within the past year. The chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression were used to identify significant determinants of mental health care utilization.
Results
The total number of subjects with complete data on the variables in our model was 989. Individuals suffering from three or more chronic diseases used mental health care more frequently. Mental health care utilization was higher in subjects who had middle or high levels of educational attainment, were receiving Medical Aid, or had a large family size.
Conclusions
It is important to control risk factors in high-risk groups as part of suicide prevention strategies. The clinical approach, which includes community-based intervention, entails the management of reduction of suicidal risk. Our study identified demographic characteristics that have a significant impact on mental health care utilization and should be considered in the development of suicide prevention strategies. Further studies should examine the effect of mental health care utilization on reducing suicidal ideation.

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Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Christophe Léon, Enguerrand du Roscoät, Mathilde M. Husky
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(10): 2117. CrossRef
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PLOS ONE.2017; 12(12): e0189799. CrossRef

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