1Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2National Health Insurance Service, Seoul, Korea
3Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest with the material presented in this paper.
Variables | Category | Frequency | % |
Suicide attempt |
p-value1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | % | |||||
Sex | Male | 20 053 | 40.6 | 120 | 0.6 | 0.49 |
Female | 29 304 | 59.4 | 191 | 0.65 | ||
Age (y) | 65-74 | 32 480 | 65.8 | 208 | 0.64 | 0.72 |
≥75 | 16 877 | 34.2 | 103 | 0.61 | ||
Annual house income | 1st quartile (poor) | 11 743 | 23.8 | 118 | 1 | <0.001 |
2nd quartile | 12 301 | 24.9 | 70 | 0.57 | ||
3rd quartile | 12 925 | 26.2 | 69 | 0.53 | ||
4th quartile (rich) | 12 388 | 25.1 | 54 | 0.44 | ||
One person household | Yes | 10 254 | 20.8 | 89 | 0.87 | 0.001 |
No | 39 103 | 79.2 | 222 | 0.57 | ||
Job | Yes | 16 973 | 34.4 | 77 | 0.45 | <0.001 |
No | 32 384 | 65.6 | 234 | 0.72 | ||
Alcohol | Normal (0-7) | 44 559 | 90.3 | 272 | 0.61 | 0.11 |
Hazardous drinking (8-12) | 3382 | 6.9 | 26 | 0.77 | ||
Harmful drinking (13-19) | 699 | 1.4 | 4 | 0.57 | ||
Suspicious alcohol dependency (20-40) | 717 | 1.5 | 9 | 1.26 | ||
Smoking | Smoker | 7317 | 14.8 | 66 | 0.9 | 0.002 |
Non-smoker | 42 040 | 85.2 | 245 | 0.58 | ||
Physical activity | Perform | 27 704 | 56.1 | 146 | 0.53 | 0.001 |
Not perform | 21 653 | 43.9 | 165 | 0.76 | ||
Severe disease | Experienced | 5598 | 11.9 | 63 | 1.13 | <0.001 |
Not experienced | 43 459 | 88.1 | 248 | 0.57 | ||
Mild disease | Experienced | 25 357 | 51.4 | 157 | 0.62 | 0.78 |
Not experienced | 24 000 | 48.6 | 154 | 0.64 | ||
Self-rated health status | Very bad | 6031 | 12.2 | 99 | 1.64 | <0.001 |
Bad | 18 878 | 38.2 | 144 | 0.76 | ||
Normal | 15 488 | 31.4 | 42 | 0.27 | ||
Good | 8371 | 17 | 25 | 0.3 | ||
Very good | 589 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.17 | ||
CES-D score | ≥21 (depression symptom) | 5599 | 11.3 | 119 | 2.13 | <0.001 |
<21 (normal) | 43 758 | 88.7 | 192 | 0.44 | ||
Suicidal ideation | Experienced | 7924 | 16.1 | 260 | 3.28 | <0.001 |
Not experienced | 41 433 | 83.9 | 51 | 0.12 |
Sex | Age | Annual house income | One person household | Job | Alcohol | Smoking | Physical activity | Severe disease | Mild disease | Self-rated health status | Depression symptom | Suicidal ideation | Suicidal attempt | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 1 | |||||||||||||
Age | 0.072** | 1 | ||||||||||||
Annual house income | 0.094** | 0.101** | 1 | |||||||||||
One person household | 0.244** | 0.106** | 0.470** | 1 | ||||||||||
Job | 0.267** | 0.240** | 0.035** | 0.090** | 1 | |||||||||
Alcohol | -0.317** | -0.087** | -0.030** | -0.075** | -0.149** | 1 | ||||||||
Smoking | -0.339** | -0.037** | 0.004 | -0.043** | -0.101** | 0.222** | 1 | |||||||
Physical activity | -0.119** | -0.158** | -0.050** | -0.050** | -0.200** | 0.060** | 0.026** | 1 | ||||||
Severe disease | -0.032** | 0.020** | 0.004 | -0.017** | 0.095** | -0.020** | -0.020** | -0.063** | 1 | |||||
Mild disease | 0.088** | 0.018** | 0.004 | 0.041** | 0.120** | -0.032** | -0.089** | -0.041** | 0.131** | 1 | ||||
Self-rated health status | 0.165** | 0.135** | 0.186** | 0.094** | 0.201** | -0.079** | -0.048** | -0.207** | 0.192** | 0.147** | 1 | |||
Depression symptom | 0.105** | 0.070** | 0.135** | 0.106** | 0.134** | -0.022** | -0.007 | -0.130** | 0.105** | 0.039** | 0.270** | 1 | ||
Suicidal ideation | 0.100** | 0.063** | 0.116** | 0.093** | 0.101** | -0.014** | 0 | -0.102** | 0.082** | 0.044** | 0.241** | 0.410** | 1 | |
Suicidal attempt | 0.003 | -0.002 | 0.024** | 0.015** | 0.016** | 0.009* | 0.014** | -0.015** | 0.020** | -0.001 | 0.049** | 0.127** | 0.147** | 1 |
Mean | 0.59 | 0.34 | 1.47 | 0.21 | 0.66 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.56 | 0.12 | 0.51 | 2.43 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.01 |
Standard deviation | 0.491 | 0.474 | 1.108 | 0.406 | 0.475 | 0.486 | 0.355 | 0.496 | 0.324 | 0.5 | 0.949 | 0.317 | 0.367 | 0.079 |
df | x2 test (p-value) | GFI | RMSEA | PGFI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Research model | 65 | < 0.001 | 0.938 | 0.083 | 0.581 |
Competition model | 68 | < 0.001 | 0.938 | 0.081 | 0.608 |
Paths | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variable | →Suicidal attempt | 0,03 | 0,301* | 0,331 | ||
Demographic variable | →Depression symptom | →Suicidal attempt | 0,178** | |||
Demographic variable | →Depression symptom | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0569* | ||
Demographic variable | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0663* | |||
Health behavior | →Suicidal attempt | 0,064 | 0,275 * | 0,339 | ||
Health behavior | →Depression symptom | →Suicidal attempt | 0,1608** | |||
Health behavior | →Depression symptom | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0513* | ||
Health behavior | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0629* | |||
Physical health status | →Suicidal attempt | -0,008 | 0,035** | 0,027 | ||
Physical health status | →Depression symptom | →Suicidal attempt | 0,021** | |||
Physical health status | →Depression symptom | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0067** | ||
Physical health status | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0073** | |||
Depression symptom | →Suicidal attempt | 0,097** | 0,045** | 0,128** | ||
Depression symptom | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,045** | |||
Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,100** | 0,100** |
Variables | Category | Frequency | % | Suicide attempt |
p-value |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | % | |||||
Sex | Male | 20 053 | 40.6 | 120 | 0.6 | 0.49 |
Female | 29 304 | 59.4 | 191 | 0.65 | ||
Age (y) | 65-74 | 32 480 | 65.8 | 208 | 0.64 | 0.72 |
≥75 | 16 877 | 34.2 | 103 | 0.61 | ||
Annual house income | 1st quartile (poor) | 11 743 | 23.8 | 118 | 1 | <0.001 |
2nd quartile | 12 301 | 24.9 | 70 | 0.57 | ||
3rd quartile | 12 925 | 26.2 | 69 | 0.53 | ||
4th quartile (rich) | 12 388 | 25.1 | 54 | 0.44 | ||
One person household | Yes | 10 254 | 20.8 | 89 | 0.87 | 0.001 |
No | 39 103 | 79.2 | 222 | 0.57 | ||
Job | Yes | 16 973 | 34.4 | 77 | 0.45 | <0.001 |
No | 32 384 | 65.6 | 234 | 0.72 | ||
Alcohol | Normal (0-7) | 44 559 | 90.3 | 272 | 0.61 | 0.11 |
Hazardous drinking (8-12) | 3382 | 6.9 | 26 | 0.77 | ||
Harmful drinking (13-19) | 699 | 1.4 | 4 | 0.57 | ||
Suspicious alcohol dependency (20-40) | 717 | 1.5 | 9 | 1.26 | ||
Smoking | Smoker | 7317 | 14.8 | 66 | 0.9 | 0.002 |
Non-smoker | 42 040 | 85.2 | 245 | 0.58 | ||
Physical activity | Perform | 27 704 | 56.1 | 146 | 0.53 | 0.001 |
Not perform | 21 653 | 43.9 | 165 | 0.76 | ||
Severe disease | Experienced | 5598 | 11.9 | 63 | 1.13 | <0.001 |
Not experienced | 43 459 | 88.1 | 248 | 0.57 | ||
Mild disease | Experienced | 25 357 | 51.4 | 157 | 0.62 | 0.78 |
Not experienced | 24 000 | 48.6 | 154 | 0.64 | ||
Self-rated health status | Very bad | 6031 | 12.2 | 99 | 1.64 | <0.001 |
Bad | 18 878 | 38.2 | 144 | 0.76 | ||
Normal | 15 488 | 31.4 | 42 | 0.27 | ||
Good | 8371 | 17 | 25 | 0.3 | ||
Very good | 589 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.17 | ||
CES-D score | ≥21 (depression symptom) | 5599 | 11.3 | 119 | 2.13 | <0.001 |
<21 (normal) | 43 758 | 88.7 | 192 | 0.44 | ||
Suicidal ideation | Experienced | 7924 | 16.1 | 260 | 3.28 | <0.001 |
Not experienced | 41 433 | 83.9 | 51 | 0.12 |
Sex | Age | Annual house income | One person household | Job | Alcohol | Smoking | Physical activity | Severe disease | Mild disease | Self-rated health status | Depression symptom | Suicidal ideation | Suicidal attempt | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 1 | |||||||||||||
Age | 0.072 |
1 | ||||||||||||
Annual house income | 0.094 |
0.101 |
1 | |||||||||||
One person household | 0.244 |
0.106 |
0.470 |
1 | ||||||||||
Job | 0.267 |
0.240 |
0.035 |
0.090 |
1 | |||||||||
Alcohol | -0.317 |
-0.087 |
-0.030 |
-0.075 |
-0.149 |
1 | ||||||||
Smoking | -0.339 |
-0.037 |
0.004 | -0.043 |
-0.101 |
0.222 |
1 | |||||||
Physical activity | -0.119 |
-0.158 |
-0.050 |
-0.050 |
-0.200 |
0.060 |
0.026 |
1 | ||||||
Severe disease | -0.032 |
0.020 |
0.004 | -0.017 |
0.095 |
-0.020 |
-0.020 |
-0.063 |
1 | |||||
Mild disease | 0.088 |
0.018 |
0.004 | 0.041 |
0.120 |
-0.032 |
-0.089 |
-0.041 |
0.131 |
1 | ||||
Self-rated health status | 0.165 |
0.135 |
0.186 |
0.094 |
0.201 |
-0.079 |
-0.048 |
-0.207 |
0.192 |
0.147 |
1 | |||
Depression symptom | 0.105 |
0.070 |
0.135 |
0.106 |
0.134 |
-0.022 |
-0.007 | -0.130 |
0.105 |
0.039 |
0.270 |
1 | ||
Suicidal ideation | 0.100 |
0.063 |
0.116 |
0.093 |
0.101 |
-0.014 |
0 | -0.102 |
0.082 |
0.044 |
0.241 |
0.410 |
1 | |
Suicidal attempt | 0.003 | -0.002 | 0.024 |
0.015 |
0.016 |
0.009 |
0.014 |
-0.015 |
0.020 |
-0.001 | 0.049 |
0.127 |
0.147 |
1 |
Mean | 0.59 | 0.34 | 1.47 | 0.21 | 0.66 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.56 | 0.12 | 0.51 | 2.43 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.01 |
Standard deviation | 0.491 | 0.474 | 1.108 | 0.406 | 0.475 | 0.486 | 0.355 | 0.496 | 0.324 | 0.5 | 0.949 | 0.317 | 0.367 | 0.079 |
df | x2 test (p-value) | GFI | RMSEA | PGFI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Research model | 65 | < 0.001 | 0.938 | 0.083 | 0.581 |
Competition model | 68 | < 0.001 | 0.938 | 0.081 | 0.608 |
Paths | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variable | →Suicidal attempt | 0,03 | 0,301 |
0,331 | ||
Demographic variable | →Depression symptom | →Suicidal attempt | 0,178 |
|||
Demographic variable | →Depression symptom | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0569 |
||
Demographic variable | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0663 |
|||
Health behavior | →Suicidal attempt | 0,064 | 0,275 |
0,339 | ||
Health behavior | →Depression symptom | →Suicidal attempt | 0,1608 |
|||
Health behavior | →Depression symptom | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0513 |
||
Health behavior | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0629 |
|||
Physical health status | →Suicidal attempt | -0,008 | 0,035 |
0,027 | ||
Physical health status | →Depression symptom | →Suicidal attempt | 0,021 |
|||
Physical health status | →Depression symptom | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0067 |
||
Physical health status | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,0073 |
|||
Depression symptom | →Suicidal attempt | 0,097 |
0,045 |
0,128 |
||
Depression symptom | ->Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,045 |
|||
Suicidal ideation | →Suicidal attempt | 0,100 |
0,100 |
CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Analyzed by chi-square test.
Analyzed by Pearson correlation test.
df, degree of freedom; GFI, Goodness-of-fit Index; RMSEA, Root mean Squared Error of Approximation; PGFI, Parsimonious goodness-of-fit index. Analyzed by path analysis (model fit).
Analyzed by path analysis (bootstraping).