Figure 1The 2008 Seoul and nationwide of Korea distribution of hepatitis A incidence (/100 000) and number of districts with each incidence level.
Figure 2The 2008 nationwide of Korea hepatitis A incidence (/100 000) according to deprivation index and population density of area.
Table 1.The data sources of area-level socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of 232 districts, Korea
|
Parameter |
Data source |
Socioeconomic factor |
Deprivation index1
|
Census, 2005 |
|
The proportion of those receiving assistance for basic living expenses (%) |
Statistical year book, 2008 |
|
High school graduate head of household (%) |
Census, 2005 |
|
Self-reliance ratio of local finance (%) |
Korean Statistical Information Service, 2008 |
Environmental factor |
Population density (/km2) |
Statistical year book, 2008 |
|
Household overcrowding2
|
Census, 2005 |
|
Water supply (%) |
Korean Statistical Information Service, 2007 |
Table 2.The distribution of hepatitis A incidence (/100 000) in 2008 and area-level socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of 232 districts, Korea
Parameter |
Mean |
SD |
Minimum |
25th percentile |
Median |
75th percentile |
Maximum |
IQR |
Hepatitis A incidence (/100 000), 2008 |
51.5 |
37.3 |
0 |
19.6 |
41.4 |
80.2 |
169.1 |
60.5 |
|
Socioeconomic factors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deprivation index |
0.06 |
0.90 |
-1.47 |
-0.71 |
-0.07 |
0.80 |
1.70 |
1.51 |
The proportion of those receiving assistance for basic living expenses (%) |
4.4 |
2.2 |
0.7 |
2.4 |
4 |
5.9 |
11.3 |
3.5 |
High school graduate head of household (%) |
58.2 |
19 |
21.1 |
41.7 |
63.4 |
74.5 |
92.3 |
32.8 |
Self-reliance ratio of local finance (%) |
65.9 |
10.1 |
36.4 |
60.9 |
66.9 |
72.4 |
90.4 |
11.5 |
Environmental factors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Population density (/km2) |
4010 |
6391 |
19.2 |
101 |
408 |
5895 |
28870 |
5794 |
Household overcrowding1
|
-0.008 |
1 |
-3.55 |
-0.55 |
-0.04 |
0.59 |
3.43 |
1.1 |
Water supply (%) |
82 |
20.3 |
28.4 |
66.5 |
90.9 |
99.7 |
100 |
34.2 |
Table 3.Nationwide sex- and age-standardized hepatitis A incidences (/100 000) according to the level of socioeconomic and environmental hygiene factors of districts, South Korea, 2008
Parameters |
Hepatitis A incidence1, 2008 |
p-value4
|
Socioeconomic factors |
|
|
Deprivation index2
|
|
|
High |
38.0 |
<0.001 |
Medium |
54.3 |
|
Low |
62.8 |
|
The proportion of those receiving assistance for basic living expenses (%) |
|
|
High |
43.7 |
<0.001 |
Medium |
41.6 |
|
Low |
71.5 |
|
High school graduate head of household (%) |
|
|
High |
38.1 |
<0.001 |
Medium |
42.6 |
|
Low |
69.2 |
|
Self-reliance ratio of local finance (%) |
|
|
High |
47.1 |
<0.001 |
Medium |
42.8 |
|
Low |
61.5 |
|
Environmental factors |
|
|
Population density (/km2) |
|
|
High |
40.9 |
<0.001 |
Medium |
52.7 |
|
Low |
66.7 |
|
Household overcrowding3
|
|
|
Low |
43.5 |
0.016 |
Medium |
54.0 |
|
High |
55.2 |
|
Water supply (%) |
|
|
High |
55.6 |
0.001 |
Medium |
56.9 |
|
Low |
41.4 |
|
Table 4.The nationwide association between socioeconomic and environmental factors of districts and sex- and age-standardized hepatitis A incidences from multiple Poisson regression models, Korea, 2008
Parameters |
Model I
|
Model II
|
RR (95% CI) |
RR (95% CI) |
Incidence of previous year (2007) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Socioeconomic factors |
|
|
Deprivation index1
|
|
|
High |
Reference |
Reference |
Medium |
1.26 (1.26, 1.26) |
1.17 (1.17, 1.17) |
Low |
1.35 (1.35, 1.35) |
1.29 (1.29, 1.29) |
Self-reliance ratio of local finance (%) |
|
|
Low |
Reference |
Reference |
Medium |
0.97 (0.97, 0.97) |
0.94 (0.94, 0.94) |
High |
1.11 (1.11, 1.11 |
1.16 (1.16, 1.16) |
Environmental factors |
|
|
Population density (/km2) |
|
|
Low |
|
Reference |
Medium |
|
0.95 (0.95, 0.95) |
High |
|
1.38 (1.38, 1.38) |
Household overcrowding2
|
|
|
Low |
|
Reference |
Medium |
|
1.17 (1.17, 1.17) |
High |
|
1.25 (1.25, 1.25) |
Water supply (%) |
|
|
High |
|
Reference |
Medium |
|
1.27 (1.27, 1.27) |
Low |
|
1.32 (1.32, 1.32) |