Table 1.Demographic and health behavior variables of study participants according to quintiles of serum ferritin
Men |
Quintiles of serum ferritin (ng /mL)
|
p -trend1
|
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦ 68.0 |
69.0 -118.0 |
119.0 -181.0 |
182.0 - 288.0 |
≧ 289.0 |
Mean±standard deviation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age (y) |
68.9 ± 10.2 |
67.6 ± 10.4 |
67.0 ± 10.3 |
66.1 ± 10.0 |
66.1 ± 10.0 |
< 0.01 |
Poverty income ratio |
2.5 ± 1.8 |
2.8 ± 2.0 |
2.9 ± 2.0 |
2.8 ± 2.0 |
2.8 ± 2.0 |
0.01 |
Years of education |
9.5 ± 4.7 |
9.9 ± 4.5 |
10.1 ± 4.5 |
9.9 ± 4.5 |
10.3 ± 4.4 |
< 0.01 |
Alcohol intake (g/d) |
7.5 ± 17.4 |
8.3 ± 18.0 |
10.1 ± 20.7 |
10.7 ± 24.9 |
16.1 ± 44.3 |
< 0.01 |
Body mass index |
26.4 ± 4.2 |
26.6 ± 4.4 |
27.0 ± 4.4 |
27.4 ± 4.7 |
27.3 ± 4.8 |
< 0.01 |
Proportion (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Hispanic white |
57.6 |
61.0 |
59.6 |
50.9 |
54.2 |
0.84 |
Current smoker |
17.8 |
22.5 |
23.7 |
25.4 |
20.7 |
0.71 |
Physically inactive |
21.0 |
21.0 |
17.1 |
20.5 |
19.2 |
0.87 |
|
Postmenopausal women |
Quintiles of serum ferritin (ng /mL)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦46.0 |
47.0 - 80.0 |
81.0 - 123.0 |
124.0 - 193.0 |
≧194.0 |
|
Mean±standard deviation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age (y) |
68.5 ± 10.6 |
67.8 ± 10.5 |
66.9 ± 10.2 |
67.8 ± 9.7 |
67.6 ± 10.4 |
0.17 |
Poverty income ratio |
2.5 ± 1.8 |
2.5 ± 1.9 |
2.4 ± 1.8 |
2.2 ± 1.6 |
2.3 ± 1.8 |
< 0.01 |
Years of education |
10.0 ± 4.2 |
10.0 ± 4.1 |
10.3 ± 4.0 |
9.9 ± 4.1 |
10.0 ± 4.0 |
0.67 |
Alcohol intake (g/d) |
3.2 ± 9.3 |
3.3 ± 9.8 |
3.0 ± 8.6 |
3.5 ± 9.3 |
4.0 ± 12.8 |
0.23 |
Body mass index |
26.6 ± 5.7 |
27.5 ± 5.9 |
28.0 ± 6.1 |
28.3 ± 5.9 |
28.7 ± 6.3 |
< 0.01 |
Proportion (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Hispanic white |
63.2 |
62.1 |
56.7 |
52.5 |
51.7 |
0.17 |
Current smoker |
15.9 |
14.2 |
14.9 |
17.5 |
15.1 |
0.77 |
Physically inactive |
34.2 |
32.0 |
28.6 |
30.9 |
35.4 |
0.85 |
Table 2.Demographic and health behavior variables of study participants according to quintiles of transferrin saturation
Men |
Quintiles of transferrin saturation (%)
|
p -trend1
|
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦18.0 |
18.1 - 23.1 |
23.2 - 28.2 |
28.3 - 35.1 |
≧ 35.2 |
Mean±standard deviation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age (y) |
67.6 ± 10.5 |
67.5 ± 10.0 |
66.6 ± 10.3 |
67.2 ± 10.2 |
66.9 ± 10.3 |
0.25 |
Poverty income ratio |
2.4 ± 1.7 |
2.7 ± 2.0 |
2.9 ± 1.9 |
2.9 ± 2.0 |
2.8 ± 2.0 |
< 0.01 |
Years of education |
9.4 ± 4.3 |
9.5 ± 4.8 |
10.5 ± 4.3 |
10.2 ± 4.7 |
10.2 ± 4.5 |
< 0.01 |
Alcohol intake (g/d) |
7.9 ± 15.7 |
8.6 ± 21.5 |
9.6 ± 19.4 |
11.4 ± 27.8 |
15.2 ± 42.3 |
< 0.01 |
Body mass index |
27.0 ± 4.8 |
27.2 ± 4.6 |
27.1 ± 4.3 |
26.8 ± 4.5 |
26.6 ± 4.3 |
0.08 |
Proportion (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Hispanic white |
52.4 |
51.9 |
59.7 |
58.6 |
60.8 |
0.19 |
Current smoker |
26.4 |
21.9 |
20.0 |
18.0 |
23.7 |
< 0.01 |
Physically inactive |
24.0 |
20.0 |
17.7 |
20.2 |
16.8 |
0.12 |
|
Postmenopausal women |
Quintiles of transferrin saturation (%)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦46.0 |
47.0 - 80.0 |
81.0 -123.0 |
124.0 -193.0 |
≧194.0 |
|
Mean±standard deviation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age (y) |
67.8 ± 10.5 |
67.7 ± 10.3 |
68.0 ± 10.2 |
67.2 ± 10.1 |
67.9 ± 10.4 |
0.83 |
Poverty income ratio |
2.2 ± 1.7 |
2.3 ± 1.6 |
2.4 ± 1.9 |
2.4 ± 1.8 |
2.6 ± 1.8 |
< 0.01 |
Years of education |
9.6 ± 4.3 |
10.0 ± 4.0 |
10.3 ± 4.0 |
10.1 ± 4.1 |
10.1 ± 4.2 |
0.06 |
Alcohol intake (g/d) |
2.7 ± 7.5 |
3.0 ± 9.9 |
3.0 ± 9.5 |
4.1 ± 12.6 |
4.3 ± 10.2 |
< 0.01 |
Body mass index |
28.6 ± 6.8 |
28.3 ± 5.8 |
27.9 ± 6.1 |
27.8 ± 5.9 |
26.4 ± 5.1 |
< 0.01 |
Proportion (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Hispanic white |
52.8 |
55.0 |
59.2 |
55.4 |
63.9 |
0.03 |
Current smoker |
16.9 |
14.5 |
14.9 |
13.7 |
17.5 |
0.66 |
Physically inactive |
37.5 |
32.3 |
32.3 |
30.5 |
28.4 |
0.04 |
Table 3.Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all-cause mortality across quintiles of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation
Men |
Quintiles of serum ferritin (ng / mL)
|
p -trend1
|
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦68.0 |
69.0 - 118.0 |
119.0 - 181.0 |
182.0 - 288.0 |
≧289.0 |
Death/no. of subjects |
359 / 580 |
321 / 582 |
320 / 574 |
294 / 576 |
304 / 579 |
|
Model 12
|
1.00 (reference) |
0.88 (0.75, 1.02) |
0.98 (0.84, 1.14) |
0.89 (0.76, 1.04) |
0.97 (0.83, 1.13) |
0.75 |
Model 23
|
1.00 (reference) |
0.93 (0.80, 1.08) |
1.01 (0.87, 1.18) |
0.94 (0.81, 1.10) |
1.03 (0.88, 1.20) |
0.771 |
|
Postmenopausal women |
Quintiles of serum ferritin (ng / mL)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦46.0 |
47.0 - 80.0 |
81.0 -123.0 |
124.0 -193.0 |
≧194.0 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
276 / 565 |
259 / 557 |
236 / 559 |
246 / 560 |
277 / 563 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
1.01 (0.85, 1.20) |
0.97 (0.82, 1.16) |
0.91 (0.77, 1.08) |
1.15 (0.97, 1.36) |
0.37 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
1.01 (0.85, 1.20) |
1.00 (0.84, 1.19) |
0.92 (0.77, 1.09) |
1.14 (0.97, 1.35) |
0.39 |
|
Men |
Quintiles of transferrin saturation (%)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦18.0 |
18.1- 23.1 |
23.2 - 28.2 |
28.3 - 35.1 |
≧35.2 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
360 / 575 |
333 / 584 |
304 / 576 |
304 / 579 |
297 / 577 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.89 (0.77, 1.03) |
0.78 (0.67, 0.91) |
0.77 (0.66, 0.90) |
0.73 (0.63, 0.85) |
< 0.01 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.85 (0.74, 0.99) |
0.76 (0.65, 0.88) |
0.76 (0.65, 0.89) |
0.74 (0.63, 0.86) |
< 0.01 |
|
Postmenopausal women |
Quintiles of transferrin saturation (%)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦15.5 |
15.6 -19.9 |
20.0 - 24.1 |
24.2 - 30.1 |
≧30.2 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
288 / 557 |
250 / 564 |
257 / 563 |
239 / 561 |
260 / 559 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.83 (0.70, 0.98) |
0.83 (0.70, 0.99) |
0.82 (0.69, 0.98) |
0.82 (0.69, 0.97) |
0.03 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.84 (0.71, 1.00) |
0.85 (0.72, 1.01) |
0.84 (0.70, 0.99) |
0.83 (0.70, 0.98) |
< 0.05 |
Table 4.Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cancer mortality across quintiles of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation
Men |
Quintiles of serum ferritin (ng / mL)
|
p -trend1
|
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦68.0 |
69.0 - 118.0 |
119.0 - 181.0 |
182.0 - 288.0 |
≧289.0 |
Death/no. of subjects |
88 / 580 |
77 / 582 |
77 / 574 |
77 / 576 |
78 / 579 |
|
Model 12
|
1.00 (reference) |
0.85 (0.62, 1.15) |
0.92 (0.67, 1.25) |
0.91 (0.67, 1.24) |
0.98 (0.72, 1.34) |
0.95 |
Model 23
|
1.00 (reference) |
0.87 (0.64, 1.19) |
0.93 (0.69, 1.27) |
0.94 (0.69, 1.28) |
1.01 (0.74, 1.38) |
0.79 |
|
Postmenopausal women |
Quintiles of serum ferritin (ng / mL)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦46.0 |
47.0 - 80.0 |
81.0 -123.0 |
124.0 -193.0 |
≧194.0 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
47 / 565 |
46 / 557 |
43 / 559 |
54 / 560 |
45 / 563 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
1.01 (0.67, 1.52) |
0.98 (0.65, 1.48) |
1.12 (0.75, 1.66) |
1.02 (0.68, 1.55) |
0.74 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
1.01 (0.68, 1.53) |
0.99 (0.65, 1.50) |
1.13 (0.76, 1.67) |
1.02 (0.67, 1.54) |
0.76 |
|
Men |
Quintiles of transferrin saturation (%)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦18.0 |
18.1- 23.1 |
23.2 - 28.2 |
28.3 - 35.1 |
≧35.2 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
94 / 575 |
83 / 584 |
76 / 576 |
78 / 579 |
66 / 577 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.84 (0.63, 1.13) |
0.74 (0.54, 1.00) |
0.75 (0.56, 1.02) |
0.63 (0.46, 0.86) |
< 0.01 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.82 (0.61, 1.11) |
0.73 (0.54, 0.99) |
0.75 (0.56, 1.02) |
0.63 (0.46, 0.87) |
< 0.01 |
|
Postmenopausal women |
Quintiles of transferrin saturation (%)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦15.5 |
15.6 -19.9 |
20.0 - 24.1 |
24.2 - 30.1 |
≧30.2 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
52 / 557 |
27 / 564 |
55 / 563 |
45 / 561 |
56 / 559 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.47 (0.30, 0.75) |
0.96 (0.66, 1.41) |
0.79 (0.53, 1.18) |
0.95 (0.65, 1.40) |
0.49 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.48 (0.30, 0.76) |
0.97 (0.66, 1.42) |
0.80 (0.54, 1.20) |
0.96 (0.66, 1.41) |
0.46 |
Table 5.Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cardiovascular mortality across quintiles of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation
Men |
Quintiles of serum ferritin (ng / mL)
|
p -trend1
|
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦68.0 |
69.0 - 118.0 |
119.0 - 181.0 |
182.0 - 288.0 |
≧289.0 |
Death/no. of subjects |
158 / 580 |
160 / 582 |
149 / 574 |
132 / 576 |
141 / 579 |
|
Model 12
|
1.00 (reference) |
0.99 (0.79, 1.23) |
1.06 (0.84, 1.32) |
0.91 (0.72, 1.14) |
1.02 (0.81, 1.29) |
0.89 |
Model 23
|
1.00 (reference) |
1.07 (0.86, 1.34) |
1.09 (0.87, 1.37) |
0.98 (0.78, 1.24) |
1.11 (0.88, 1.40) |
0.63 |
|
Postmenopausal women |
Quintiles of serum ferritin (ng / mL)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦46.0 |
47.0 - 80.0 |
81.0 -123.0 |
124.0 -193.0 |
≧194.0 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
133 / 565 |
123 / 557 |
110 / 559 |
122 / 560 |
133 / 563 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
1.00 (0.78, 1.27) |
0.95 (0.73, 1.22) |
0.95 (0.74, 1.22) |
1.15 (0.91, 1.47) |
0.40 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
1.00 (0.78, 1.27) |
0.99 (0.77, 1.28) |
0.96 (0.75, 1.23) |
1.15 (0.90, 1.47) |
0.39 |
|
Men |
Quintiles of transferrin saturation (%)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦18.0 |
18.1- 23.1 |
23.2 - 28.2 |
28.3 - 35.1 |
≧35.2 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
165 / 575 |
155 / 584 |
150 / 576 |
132 / 579 |
138 / 577 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.91 (0.73, 1.13) |
0.84 (0.68, 1.06) |
0.73 (0.58, 0.92) |
0.75 (0.60, 0.94) |
< 0.01 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.86 (0.69, 1.07) |
0.81 (0.65, 1.02) |
0.72 (0.57, 0.91) |
0.76 (0.60, 0.95) |
< 0.01 |
|
Postmenopausal women |
Quintiles of transferrin saturation (%)
|
p -trend |
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 |
Q5 |
≦15.5 |
15.6 -19.9 |
20.0 - 24.1 |
24.2 - 30.1 |
≧30.2 |
|
Death/no. of subjects |
144 / 557 |
137 / 564 |
127 / 563 |
104 / 561 |
109 / 559 |
|
Model 1 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.94 (0.74, 1.19) |
0.84 (0.66, 1.07) |
0.75 (0.58, 0.96) |
0.71 (0.55, 0.92) |
< 0.01 |
Model 2 |
1.00 (reference) |
0.97 (0.77, 1.23) |
0.87 (0.68, 1.11) |
0.76 (0.59, 0.98) |
0.73 (0.57, 0.94) |
< 0.01 |