1School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
2Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The authors have no conflicts of interest with the material presented in this paper.
This article is available at http://jpmph.org/.
Men |
Women |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UI | Without UI | p - value1 | UI | Without UI | p - value1 | |
n | 49 (7.2) | 634 (92.8) | 82 (27.5) | 216 (72.5) | ||
Age (y) | 64.90±7.06 | 62.05±7.62 | 0.01 | 62.49±7.76 | 61.95±7.79 | 0.59 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.11±4.03 | 23.02±3.06 | 0.85 | 24.16±3.86 | 22.30±3.21 | <0.001 |
Never smoker | 8 (16.3) | 105 (16.6) | 0.97 | 64 (78.0) | 169 (78.2) | 0.97 |
Alcohol drinkers2 | 29 (59.2) | 459 (72.4) | 0.05 | 32 (39.0) | 77 (35.8) | 0.61 |
Presence of co-morbidity | 25 (51.0) | 296 (46.7) | 0.56 | 44 (53.7) | 86 (39.8) | 0.03 |
Physical activity (MET)2 | 2042.3±4630.5 | 1520.2±2803.1 | 0.44 | 1452.7±4016.9 | 1482.6±2584.7 | 0.94 |
Fluid intake (mL/d)2 | 2410±1186 | 2105±1104 | 0.07 | 1895±1127 | 1794±917 | 0.43 |
Caffeine intake (mg/d) | 120.0±107.6 | 106.1±94.5 | 0.33 | 94.1±68.6 | 103.4±99.1 | 0.44 |
Caffeine intake (mg/d) | UI | Without UI | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR1 (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Men | ||||
0 - 55.8 | 14 (28.6) | 211 (33.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
55.9 - 147 | 16 (32.7) | 213 (33.6) | 1.13 (0.54, 2.38) | 1.11 (0.52, 2.37) |
>147 | 19 (38.8) | 210 (33.1) | 1.36 (0.67, 2.79) | 1.36 (0.65, 2.88) |
Women | ||||
0 - 51.2 | 26 (31.7) | 72 (33.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
51.3 - 144.8 | 27 (32.9) | 72 (33.3) | 1.04 (0.55, 1.95) | 0.94 (0.48, 1.84) |
>144.8 | 29 (35.4) | 72 (33.3) | 1.12 (0.60, 2.08) | 1.12 (0.57, 2.22) |
Caffeine intake (mg / d) |
UI |
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR1 (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Urge | Without | |||
Men | ||||
0 - 55.8 | 8 (30.8) | 211 (33.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
55.9 - 147 | 11 (42.3) | 213 (33.6) | 1.36 (0.54, 3.45) | 1.39 (0.52, 3.68) |
>147 | 7 (26.9) | 210 (33.1) | 0.88 (0.31, 2.47) | 0.92 (0.31, 2.68) |
|
||||
UI |
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR1 (95% CI) | ||
Stress | Without | |||
|
||||
Women | ||||
0 - 51.2 | 18 (31.0) | 72 (33.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
51.3 - 144.8 | 18 (31.0) | 72 (33.3) | 1.00 (0.48, 2.08) | 0.96 (0.42, 1.98) |
>144.8 | 22 (38.0) | 72 (33.3) | 1.22 (0.61, 2.47) | 1.11 (0.52, 2.40) |