1Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
2Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon, Korea.
Copyright © 2013 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
n (%) | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | Total | 975 (100) | 52.24 | 4 | 93 | 20.929 |
0-19 | 80 (8.2) | 14.68 | 4 | 19 | 3.628 | |
20-64 | 578 (59.3) | 44.45 | 20 | 64 | 12.094 | |
65- | 317 (32.5) | 75.91 | 65 | 93 | 7.023 | |
Gender | Men | 676 (69.3) | - | - | - | - |
Women | 299 (30.7) | - | - | - | - | |
Region | Metropolitan cities1 | 326 (33.4) | - | - | - | - |
Provinces2 | 649 (66.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Location | Home | 99 (10.2) | - | - | - | - |
Workplace-indoor | 74 (7.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Workplace-outdoor | 219 (22.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Road | 151 (15.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Fields and paddies | 151 (15.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Greenhouse | 16 (1.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Other-indoors | 37 (3.8) | - | - | - | - | |
Other-outdoors | 228 (23.4) | - | - | - | - | |
Heat cramp | 123 (12.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Diagnosis | Heat edema | 2 (0.2) | - | - | - | - |
Heat syncope | 50 (15.4) | - | - | - | - | |
Heat exhaustion | 386 (39.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Heat stroke | 314 (32.2) | - | - | - | - | |
Death | 15 (1.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Outcome | Admission (ICU) | 86 (8.8) | - | - | - | - |
Admission (general ward) | 171 (17.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Transferred | 46 (4.7) | - | - | - | - | |
Discharged | 654 (67.1) | - | - | - | - | |
Discharged with-out treatment | 3 (0.3) | - | - | - | - | |
Body temperature (°C) | 37.67 | 34.9 | 43.2 | 1.655 | ||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.25 | 40 | 214 | 24.761 | ||
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.80 | 28 | 160 | 15.602 |
Latitude1 | Threshold (°C) | RR | 95% CI | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Men | - | 31.1 | 1.643 | 1.587, 1.701 | <0.001 |
Women | - | 31.6 | 1.822 | 1.716, 1.934 | <0.001 |
Age (y) | |||||
0-19 | - | 31.3 | 1.590 | 1.442, 1.753 | <0.001 |
20-64 | - | 30.7 | 1.627 | 1.568, 1.689 | <0.001 |
65- | - | 31.8 | 1.863 | 1.755, 1.978 | <0.001 |
Heat-related illness | |||||
Mild2 | - | 31.2 | 1.647 | 1.559, 1.740 | <0.001 |
Heat exhaustion | - | 31.1 | 1.666 | 1.589, 1.746 | <0.001 |
Heat stroke | - | 31.3 | 1.770 | 1.674, 1.872 | <0.001 |
Metropolitan cities | 32.2 | 1.704 | 1.618, 1.794 | <0.001 | |
Seoul | 37˚34´ | 33.9 | 1.915 | 1.751, 2.094 | <0.001 |
Incheon | 37˚28´ | 33.8 | 1.725 | 1.500, 1.984 | <0.001 |
Daejeon | 36˚22´ | 31.4 | 1.675 | 1.434, 1.957 | <0.001 |
Daegu | 35˚53´ | 33.9 | 1.583 | 1.375, 1.823 | <0.001 |
Ulsan | 35˚33´ | 33.6 | 1.329 | 1.165, 1.517 | <0.001 |
Gwangju | 35˚10´ | 32.8 | 1.531 | 1.336, 1.754 | <0.001 |
Busan | 35˚06´ | 33.1 | 1.610 | 1.381, 1.876 | <0.001 |
Provinces | 30.5 | 1.687 | 1.626, 1.751 | <0.001 | |
Gangwon | 37˚54´ | 28.8 | 1.527 | 1.326, 1.757 | <0.001 |
Gyeonggi | 37˚16´ | 31.9 | 1.799 | 1.658, 1.953 | <0.001 |
Chungbuk | 36˚38´ | 30.9 | 1.655 | 1.470, 1.863 | <0.001 |
Chungnam | 36˚22´ | 34.0 | 1.706 | 1.552, 1.876 | <0.001 |
Gyeongbuk | 35˚53´ | 31.4 | 1.663 | 1.483, 1.865 | <0.001 |
Jeonbuk | 35˚49´ | 31.8 | 1.672 | 1.476, 1.894 | <0.001 |
Gyeongnam | 35˚10´ | 31.3 | 1.678 | 1.496, 1.883 | <0.001 |
Jeonnam | 35˚10´ | 30.0 | 1.698 | 1.569, 1.837 | <0.001 |
Jeju | 33˚30´ | 29.6 | 1.803 | 1.375, 2.364 | <0.001 |
Variables | No. of cases of mild heat- related illnesses (%) | No. of cases of heat exhaustion (%) | No. of cases of heat stroke (%) | p-value1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Men | 200 (29.6) | 272 (40.2) | 204 (30.2) | 0.10 |
Women | 75 (25.1) | 114 (38.1) | 110 (36.8) | |
Age (y) | ||||
0-19 | 20 (25.0) | 40 (50.0) | 20 (25.0) | <0.001 |
20-64 | 166 (28.7) | 262 (45.3) | 150 (26.0) | |
65- | 89 (28.1) | 84 (26.5) | 144 (45.4) | |
Region | ||||
Metropolitan cities2 | 87 (26.7) | 111 (34.0) | 128 (39.3) | 0.63 |
Provinces3 | 188 (29.0) | 203 (31.3) | 258 (39.8) |
n (%) | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | Total | 975 (100) | 52.24 | 4 | 93 | 20.929 |
0-19 | 80 (8.2) | 14.68 | 4 | 19 | 3.628 | |
20-64 | 578 (59.3) | 44.45 | 20 | 64 | 12.094 | |
65- | 317 (32.5) | 75.91 | 65 | 93 | 7.023 | |
Gender | Men | 676 (69.3) | - | - | - | - |
Women | 299 (30.7) | - | - | - | - | |
Region | Metropolitan cities |
326 (33.4) | - | - | - | - |
Provinces |
649 (66.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Location | Home | 99 (10.2) | - | - | - | - |
Workplace-indoor | 74 (7.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Workplace-outdoor | 219 (22.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Road | 151 (15.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Fields and paddies | 151 (15.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Greenhouse | 16 (1.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Other-indoors | 37 (3.8) | - | - | - | - | |
Other-outdoors | 228 (23.4) | - | - | - | - | |
Heat cramp | 123 (12.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Diagnosis | Heat edema | 2 (0.2) | - | - | - | - |
Heat syncope | 50 (15.4) | - | - | - | - | |
Heat exhaustion | 386 (39.6) | - | - | - | - | |
Heat stroke | 314 (32.2) | - | - | - | - | |
Death | 15 (1.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Outcome | Admission (ICU) | 86 (8.8) | - | - | - | - |
Admission (general ward) | 171 (17.5) | - | - | - | - | |
Transferred | 46 (4.7) | - | - | - | - | |
Discharged | 654 (67.1) | - | - | - | - | |
Discharged with-out treatment | 3 (0.3) | - | - | - | - | |
Body temperature (°C) | 37.67 | 34.9 | 43.2 | 1.655 | ||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.25 | 40 | 214 | 24.761 | ||
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.80 | 28 | 160 | 15.602 |
Latitude |
Threshold (°C) | RR | 95% CI | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Men | - | 31.1 | 1.643 | 1.587, 1.701 | <0.001 |
Women | - | 31.6 | 1.822 | 1.716, 1.934 | <0.001 |
Age (y) | |||||
0-19 | - | 31.3 | 1.590 | 1.442, 1.753 | <0.001 |
20-64 | - | 30.7 | 1.627 | 1.568, 1.689 | <0.001 |
65- | - | 31.8 | 1.863 | 1.755, 1.978 | <0.001 |
Heat-related illness | |||||
Mild |
- | 31.2 | 1.647 | 1.559, 1.740 | <0.001 |
Heat exhaustion | - | 31.1 | 1.666 | 1.589, 1.746 | <0.001 |
Heat stroke | - | 31.3 | 1.770 | 1.674, 1.872 | <0.001 |
Metropolitan cities | 32.2 | 1.704 | 1.618, 1.794 | <0.001 | |
Seoul | 37˚34´ | 33.9 | 1.915 | 1.751, 2.094 | <0.001 |
Incheon | 37˚28´ | 33.8 | 1.725 | 1.500, 1.984 | <0.001 |
Daejeon | 36˚22´ | 31.4 | 1.675 | 1.434, 1.957 | <0.001 |
Daegu | 35˚53´ | 33.9 | 1.583 | 1.375, 1.823 | <0.001 |
Ulsan | 35˚33´ | 33.6 | 1.329 | 1.165, 1.517 | <0.001 |
Gwangju | 35˚10´ | 32.8 | 1.531 | 1.336, 1.754 | <0.001 |
Busan | 35˚06´ | 33.1 | 1.610 | 1.381, 1.876 | <0.001 |
Provinces | 30.5 | 1.687 | 1.626, 1.751 | <0.001 | |
Gangwon | 37˚54´ | 28.8 | 1.527 | 1.326, 1.757 | <0.001 |
Gyeonggi | 37˚16´ | 31.9 | 1.799 | 1.658, 1.953 | <0.001 |
Chungbuk | 36˚38´ | 30.9 | 1.655 | 1.470, 1.863 | <0.001 |
Chungnam | 36˚22´ | 34.0 | 1.706 | 1.552, 1.876 | <0.001 |
Gyeongbuk | 35˚53´ | 31.4 | 1.663 | 1.483, 1.865 | <0.001 |
Jeonbuk | 35˚49´ | 31.8 | 1.672 | 1.476, 1.894 | <0.001 |
Gyeongnam | 35˚10´ | 31.3 | 1.678 | 1.496, 1.883 | <0.001 |
Jeonnam | 35˚10´ | 30.0 | 1.698 | 1.569, 1.837 | <0.001 |
Jeju | 33˚30´ | 29.6 | 1.803 | 1.375, 2.364 | <0.001 |
Variables | No. of cases of mild heat- related illnesses (%) | No. of cases of heat exhaustion (%) | No. of cases of heat stroke (%) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Men | 200 (29.6) | 272 (40.2) | 204 (30.2) | 0.10 |
Women | 75 (25.1) | 114 (38.1) | 110 (36.8) | |
Age (y) | ||||
0-19 | 20 (25.0) | 40 (50.0) | 20 (25.0) | <0.001 |
20-64 | 166 (28.7) | 262 (45.3) | 150 (26.0) | |
65- | 89 (28.1) | 84 (26.5) | 144 (45.4) | |
Region | ||||
Metropolitan cities |
87 (26.7) | 111 (34.0) | 128 (39.3) | 0.63 |
Provinces |
188 (29.0) | 203 (31.3) | 258 (39.8) |
SD, standard deviation; ICU, intensive care unit. Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Ulsan, Gwangju, and Busan. Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, and Jeju.
RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval. Latitude by the location of weather station of each metropolitan city or capital city of the provinces. Mild heat-related illness: heat syncope, heat cramp, and heat edema.
Chi-squared test. Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Ulsan, Gwangju, and Busan. Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, and Jeju.