Figure 1Personal network density. (A-D) According to the connections among friends (alters), it is possible that personal (egocentric [Ego]) social networks with same size have different kinds of densities. size, network size; density, density of communication network.
Table 1.Characteristics of the study population
Variable |
Men (n = 273) |
Women (n = 384) |
Age (y) |
72.79±7.07 |
71.73±8.14 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
23.56±3.28 |
24.28±3.42 |
Depression score (CES-D) |
10.30±7.67 |
11.84±7.92 |
Education (y) |
|
|
≥10 |
53 (19.4) |
28 (7.3) |
7-9 |
58 (21.3) |
34 (8.9) |
0-6 |
162 (59.3) |
322 (83.9) |
Smoker |
190 (69.6) |
8 (2.1) |
Alcohol drinker |
118 (43.2) |
25 (6.5) |
Comorbidity |
|
|
Hypertension |
123 (45.1) |
213 (55.5) |
Diabetes |
57 (20.9) |
63 (16.4) |
Stroke |
14 (5.1) |
16 (4.2) |
Arthritis |
66 (24.2) |
195 (50.8) |
Social network structure |
|
|
Network size |
3.34±1.25 |
2.99±1.19 |
Density of communication network |
0.75±0.09 |
0.77±0.09 |
Higher density (>0.83) and lower size (1-2) |
62 (22.7) |
139 (36.2) |
Middle density (0.71-0.83) and size (3) |
104 (38.1) |
127 (33.1) |
Lower density (<0.71) and higher size (4-6) |
104 (38.1) |
110 (28.6) |
Unclassified |
3 (1.1) |
8 (2.1) |
Social network activation |
|
|
Communication frequency |
246.38±100.31 |
251.20±104.70 |
Upper (365) |
85 (31.1) |
135 (35.2) |
Middle (208-364) |
92 (33.7) |
130 (33.8) |
Lower (<208) |
96 (35.2) |
119 (31.0) |
Meeting frequency |
237.54±105.46 |
238.04±114.60 |
Upper (365) |
83 (30.4) |
131 (34.1) |
Middle (186-364) |
103 (37.7) |
134 (34.9) |
Lower (<186) |
87 (31.9) |
119 (31.0) |
Table 2.Social network measures and body mass index: multiple linear regression
Variable |
Men (n=273)
|
Women (n=384)
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
β |
p- value |
β |
p- value |
β |
p- value |
β |
p- value |
β |
p- value |
β |
p- value |
Social network structure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Network size1
|
0.093 |
0.12 |
0.107 |
0.07 |
0.123 |
0.04 |
0.068 |
0.18 |
0.071 |
0.17 |
0.075 |
0.15 |
Density of communication network1
|
-0.085 |
0.15 |
-0.100 |
0.09 |
-0.116 |
0.05 |
-0.068 |
0.18 |
-0.071 |
0.17 |
-0.076 |
0.14 |
Higher density (>0.83) and lower size (1-2)2
|
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Middle density (0.71-0.83) and size (3)2
|
1.069 |
0.04 |
1.154 |
0.02 |
1.022 |
0.04 |
-0.108 |
0.79 |
-0.086 |
0.83 |
-0.055 |
0.89 |
Lower density (<0.71) and higher size (4-6)2
|
1.061 |
0.04 |
1.177 |
0.02 |
1.253 |
0.01 |
0.568 |
0.19 |
0.573 |
0.19 |
0.611 |
0.17 |
Social network activation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Communication frequency1
|
-0.093 |
0.12 |
-0.088 |
0.13 |
-0.085 |
0.14 |
-0.124 |
0.01 |
-0.126 |
0.01 |
-0.136 |
0.007 |
Upper (365) |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Middle (208-364) |
0.621 |
0.20 |
0.708 |
0.13 |
0.471 |
0.31 |
0.148 |
0.72 |
0.097 |
0.81 |
0.112 |
0.78 |
Lower (<208) |
0.890 |
0.06 |
0.933 |
0.05 |
0.887 |
0.06 |
0.896 |
0.03 |
0.917 |
0.03 |
1.004 |
0.02 |
Meeting frequency1
|
-0.065 |
0.28 |
-0.062 |
0.29 |
-0.064 |
0.27 |
-0.118 |
0.02 |
-0.121 |
0.02 |
-0.134 |
0.009 |
Upper (365) |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Reference |
Middle (186-364) |
0.160 |
0.74 |
0.307 |
0.51 |
0.110 |
0.81 |
0.194 |
0.63 |
0.166 |
0.68 |
0.188 |
0.64 |
Lower (<186) |
0.638 |
0.20 |
0.673 |
0.16 |
0.665 |
0.16 |
0.792 |
0.07 |
0.805 |
0.07 |
0.915 |
0.04 |
Table 3.Social network characteristics and body mass index: multiple linear regression
Variable |
Men (n=270)
|
Women (n=376)
|
β |
p- value |
β |
p- value |
Age (y) |
-0.054 |
0.08 |
-0.134 |
<0.001 |
Depression score (CES-D) |
-0.015 |
0.60 |
-0.021 |
0.36 |
Education (y) |
|
|
|
|
≥10 |
Reference |
Reference |
7-9 |
0.048 |
0.94 |
2.047 |
0.02 |
0-6 |
-0.855 |
0.10 |
2.265 |
0.002 |
Smoker vs. non-smoker |
-1.690 |
<0.001 |
-0.380 |
0.75 |
Alcohol drinker vs. non-drinker |
0.398 |
0.32 |
1.355 |
0.05 |
Comorbidity vs. non-comorbidity |
|
|
|
|
Hypertension |
0.739 |
0.06 |
0.794 |
0.03 |
Diabetes |
1.494 |
0.002 |
0.200 |
0.67 |
Stroke |
0.776 |
0.37 |
0.658 |
0.45 |
Arthritis |
-0.275 |
0.55 |
0.467 |
0.20 |
Social network structure |
|
|
|
|
Higher density (>0.83) and lower size (1-2) |
Reference |
Reference |
Middle density (0.71-0.83) and size (3) |
0.936 |
0.07 |
-0.178 |
0.68 |
Lower density (<0.71) and higher size (4-6) |
1.089 |
0.04 |
0.391 |
0.39 |
Communication frequency |
|
|
|
|
Upper (365) |
Reference |
Reference |
Middle (208-364) |
0.405 |
0.39 |
0.091 |
0.83 |
Lower (<208) |
0.702 |
0.14 |
0.885 |
0.05 |