1Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
2Department of Sociology, Yonsei University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
3Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
4Division of Silver Industry, Kangnam University, Yongin, Korea.
5Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea.
Copyright © 2013 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
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Variable |
Men (n=273) |
Women (n=384) |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Higher density and lower size (n=62) | Middle density and size (n=104) | Lower density and higher size (n=104) | Unclassified (n=3) | p for trend1 | Higher density and lower size (n=139) | Middle density and size (n=127) | Lower density and higher size (n=110) | Unclassified (n=8) | p for trend1 | |
Age (y) | 73.8±8.6 | 72.7±7.0 | 72.3±6.1 | 71.3±7.5 | 0.21 | 74.5±8.4 | 70.7±8.1 | 69.6±6.9 | 69.6±9.3 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6±3.4 | 23.8±3.5 | 23.9±2.9 | 24.1±2.1 | 0.01 | 23.9±3.4 | 24.1±3.5 | 24.9±3.4 | 24.5±2.3 | 0.03 |
Depression score (CES-D) | 13.9±8.9 | 9.7±7.0 | 8.8±7.0 | 6.0±2.6 | <0.001 | 13.7±8.8 | 11.1±7.3 | 10.6±7.2 | 7.5±5.5 | 0.002 |
Communication frequency | 278.4±91.4 | 256.1±95.5 | 219.8±104.4 | 169.2±22.3 | <0.001 | 284.1±102.4 | 250.9±103.3 | 214.4±98.7 | 190.6±52.7 | <0.001 |
Meeting frequency | 275.2±92.1 | 250.8±101.2 | 204.1±108.3 | 157.9±32.7 | <0.001 | 276.0±112.5 | 240.2±110.2 | 191.4±108.0 | 185.0±54.3 | <0.001 |
Education (y) | 0.07 | 0.004 | ||||||||
≥7 | 19 (31) | 42 (40) | 47 (14) | 3 (100) | 13 (9) | 20 (16) | 25 (23) | 4 (50) | ||
0-6 | 43 (69) | 62 (60) | 57 (55) | 0 (0) | 126 (91) | 107 (84) | 85 (77) | 4 (50) | ||
Smoker | 42 (68) | 70 (67) | 76 (73) | 2 (67) | 0.41 | 3 (2) | 4 (3) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
Alcohol drinker | 25 (40) | 40 (38) | 52 (50) | 1 (33) | 0.16 | 12 (9) | 7 (6) | 6 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.30 |
Comorbidity | ||||||||||
Hypertension | 28 (45) | 52 (50) | 41 (39) | 2 (67) | 0.35 | 86 (62) | 68 (54) | 55 (50) | 4 (50) | 0.06 |
Diabetes | 14 (23) | 25 (24) | 18 (17) | 0 (0) | 0.35 | 21 (15) | 19 (15) | 22 (20) | 1 (13) | 0.32 |
Stroke | 5 (8) | 6 (6) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.14 | 11 (8) | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.01 |
Arthritis | 12 (19) | 28 (27) | 26 (25) | 0 (0) | 0.49 | 70 (50) | 67 (53) | 54 (49) | 4 (50) | 0.87 |
Variable |
Men (n=273) |
Women (n=384) |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
|||||||
β | p- value | β | p- value | β | p- value | β | p- value | β | p- value | β | p- value | |
Social network structure | ||||||||||||
Network size1 | 0.093 | 0.12 | 0.107 | 0.07 | 0.123 | 0.04 | 0.068 | 0.18 | 0.071 | 0.17 | 0.075 | 0.15 |
Density of communication network1 | -0.085 | 0.15 | -0.100 | 0.09 | -0.116 | 0.05 | -0.068 | 0.18 | -0.071 | 0.17 | -0.076 | 0.14 |
Higher density (>0.83) and lower size (1-2)2 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Middle density (0.71-0.83) and size (3)2 | 1.069 | 0.04 | 1.154 | 0.02 | 1.022 | 0.04 | -0.108 | 0.79 | -0.086 | 0.83 | -0.055 | 0.89 |
Lower density (<0.71) and higher size (4-6)2 | 1.061 | 0.04 | 1.177 | 0.02 | 1.253 | 0.01 | 0.568 | 0.19 | 0.573 | 0.19 | 0.611 | 0.17 |
Social network activation | ||||||||||||
Communication frequency1 | -0.093 | 0.12 | -0.088 | 0.13 | -0.085 | 0.14 | -0.124 | 0.01 | -0.126 | 0.01 | -0.136 | 0.007 |
Upper (365) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Middle (208-364) | 0.621 | 0.20 | 0.708 | 0.13 | 0.471 | 0.31 | 0.148 | 0.72 | 0.097 | 0.81 | 0.112 | 0.78 |
Lower (<208) | 0.890 | 0.06 | 0.933 | 0.05 | 0.887 | 0.06 | 0.896 | 0.03 | 0.917 | 0.03 | 1.004 | 0.02 |
Meeting frequency1 | -0.065 | 0.28 | -0.062 | 0.29 | -0.064 | 0.27 | -0.118 | 0.02 | -0.121 | 0.02 | -0.134 | 0.009 |
Upper (365) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Middle (186-364) | 0.160 | 0.74 | 0.307 | 0.51 | 0.110 | 0.81 | 0.194 | 0.63 | 0.166 | 0.68 | 0.188 | 0.64 |
Lower (<186) | 0.638 | 0.20 | 0.673 | 0.16 | 0.665 | 0.16 | 0.792 | 0.07 | 0.805 | 0.07 | 0.915 | 0.04 |
Model 1 adjusted for age and education; Model 2 added smoking, alcohol drinking, and depression score; and Model 3 added hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and arthritis.
1 The rank transformation approach was used. β means the standardized β-coefficient.
2 Before the analysis, unclassified individuals (3 men and 8 women) were removed.