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Original Articles
- Epidemiological Features of Human Cases After Bites/Scratches From Rabies-suspected Animals in Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Selma Uzunović, Muhamed Skomorac, Fatima Bašić, Ivona Mijač-Musić
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(3):170-178. Published online April 16, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.252
- 12,008 View
- 168 Download
- 5 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF - Objectives
To determine the epidemiological features of patients and animals after bites/scratches from rabies-suspected animals in Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Methods
Data from all patients (and the causative animals) admitted to the Antirabies Service of the Institute for Health and Food Safety Zenica in the 2009-2017 period were analyzed, including age, sex, anatomical site of the bite/scratch, animal type (stray/owned/wildlife), veterinary observations of the animal, and whether antirabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was indicated and/or administered.
Results
In total, 1716 patients were admitted. Bites/scratches were most frequently recorded during April and May (n=181, 10.5% and n=163, 9.5%, respectively). The persons admitted were mostly from the Zenica municipality (n=1278, 74.5%; incidence: 11.55/ 1000), which is 66.6% urbanized. Males were more frequently represented (n=1089, 63.6%). The patients were mostly 50-64 and 25-49 years of age (n=425, 24.7% and n=390, 22.7%, respectively). Dog bites were the most common cause (n=1634, 95.1%, of which n=1258, 77.0% were caused by stray dogs). PEP was indicated for 997 (58.1%) patients. Only 340 (19.9%) animals underwent veterinary observations (3.1% of stray and 76.1% of owned animals). The largest number of injuries were presented at lower extremities, 1044 (60.8%) cases.
Conclusions
Zenica-Doboj Canton is a rabies-free region. Due to the high rate of stray animals not undergoing veterinary observations, the non-existence of a unique dog registry, and the consequent lack of information about stray animals in terms of number, vaccination, neutering, and euthanasia, there is an urgent need for improving the prevention and control of rabies within the One Health framework. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
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- Epidemiology of Animal Bites and Factors Associated With Delays in Initiating Post-exposure Prophylaxis for Rabies Prevention Among Animal Bite Cases: A Population-based Study
- Firooz Esmaeilzadeh, Abdolhalim Rajabi, Sajad Vahedi, Mohammad Shamsadiny, Mousa Ghelichi Ghojogh, Nahid Hatam
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(3):210-216. Published online May 10, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.027
- 13,571 View
- 273 Download
- 29 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
One way to prevent deaths due to rabies is the timely utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Therefore, in addition to an understanding of the epidemiological distribution of animal bites, it is necessary to explore the factors leading to delays in PEP initiation.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in 2011, and included 7097 cases of animal bites recorded at the Rabies Treatment Center of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using the census method. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with delays in PEP.
Results
Among the patients studied, 5387 (75.9%) were males. The prevalence of animal bites in Fars province was 154.4 per 100 000 people. Dogs were the most frequent source of exposure (67.1%), and the most common bitten part of the body was the hands (45.5%). A delay in the initiation of PEP was found among 6.8% of the studied subjects. This delay was more likely in housewives (odds ratio [OR], 4.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12 to 10.23) and less likely in people with deep wounds (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.97).
Conclusions
Although all animal bite victims received complete PEP, in some cases, there were delays. Further, the type of animal involved, the depth of the bite, and the patient’s occupation were the major factors associated with a delay in the initiation of PEP for rabies prevention. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Delayed and incomplete rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among international travelers: A seven-year retrospective study at an emergency center in eastern Thailand
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Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 67: 102873. CrossRef - Evaluation of the spatial distribution pattern of animal bites in Southern Iran: implications for public health interventions
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BMC Veterinary Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Immunoinformatics and Reverse Vaccinology Approach for the Identification of Potential Vaccine Candidates against Vandammella animalimors
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Microorganisms.2024; 12(7): 1270. CrossRef - A study on factors associated with delay in post-exposure prophylaxis among animal bite victims attending anti rabies clinic of a tertiary care hospital of southern Odisha
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One Health.2023; 16: 100544. CrossRef - Incidence rate of animal bites in southern Iran during 2015-2019 using Cochrane-Armitage trend test
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Journal of Acute Disease.2023; 12(1): 29. CrossRef - Epidemiology of animal bite in Iran: A Systematic review and meta-analysis
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Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Epidemiology of animal bite injuries in North of Fars province in Iran
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