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Original Article
Cigarette Smoking and Serum Bilirubin Subtypes in Healthy Korean Men: The Korea Medical Institute Study
Jaeseong Jo, Heejin Kimm, Ji Eun Yun, Kyu Jang Lee, Sun Ha Jee
J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(2):105-112.   Published online March 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.2.105
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  • 16 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant and its concentration decreases in smokers. However, studies about the association between cigarette smoking and bilirubin are scarce and most are limited to total bilirubin. Additionally, bilirubin is highly related to hemoglobin. Therefore, this study evaluates the association between bilirubin subtypes and cigarette smoking in healthy Korean men independently of hemoglobin.

Methods

This study included 48 040 Korean men aged 30 to 87 years who visited the Korea Medical Institute for routine health examinations from January to December, 2007. The association of smoking with total, direct, and indirect bilirubin was assessed by logistic regression analysis taking into consideration differences in subjects and smoking characteristics.

Results

Current smokers had lower bilirubin concentrations than never-smokers and ex-smokers. Smoking amount and duration were inversely significantly associated with total, direct, and indirect bilirubin. In a multivariable adjusted model, compared to never-smokers, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of current smokers with the highest number of pack-years were 1.7 (1.6 to 1.9) for total, 1.5 (1.4 to 1.6) for direct, and 1.7 (1.6 to 1.9) for indirect bilirubin. After further adjustment for hemoglobin, this association became stronger (OR [95% CI], 2.1 [1.9 to 2.2] for total; 1.9 [1.8 to 2.0] for direct; 2.0 [1.9 to 2.2] for indirect bilirubin).

Conclusions

In this study, bilirubin subtypes are inversely associated with smoking status, smoking amount, and smoking duration in healthy Korean men independently of hemoglobin. Further studies are needed to investigate this association in healthy Korean women.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Differential effects of environmental exposures on clinically relevant endophenotypes between sexes
    Tomás González Zarzar, Nicole E. Palmiero, Dokyoon Kim, Li Shen, Molly A. Hall
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between elevated serum bilirubin levels with preserved lung function under conditions of exposure to air pollution
    Udi Shapira, Rafael Y. Brezinski, Ori Rogowski, David Zeltser, Shlomo Berliner, Itzhak Shapira, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty, Elizabeth Fireman
    BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • ROLE OF BILIRUBIN AS A POTENTIALANTIOXIDANT IN SMOKERS
    Varshini. S, A. Preethi, G. Udayakumari
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.2021; : 43.     CrossRef
  • Direct Bilirubin Levels and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Chinese Men
    Xiao-Hong Li, Hai-Yan Lin, Li-Ying Guan, Hui Peng, Meng-Meng Wen, Yong-Qian Cao, Xiu-Yun Jiang, Yi-Bing Wang
    BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
  • Serum bilirubin levels are inversely associated with PAI-1 and fibrinogen in Korean subjects
    Hyun Sun Cho, Sung Won Lee, Eun Sook Kim, Juyoung Shin, Sung Dae Moon, Je Ho Han, Bong Yun Cha
    Atherosclerosis.2016; 244: 204.     CrossRef
  • Active and Passive Smoking and Serum Total Bilirubin in a Rural Korean Population
    Na Hyun Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Joo Young Lee, Ju-Mi Lee, Il Suh
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research.2016; 18(5): 572.     CrossRef
  • Cigarette smoking behaviour and blood metabolomics
    Fangyi Gu, Andriy Derkach, Neal D Freedman, Maria Teresa Landi, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J Weinstein, Alison M Mondul, Charles E Matthews, Kristin A Guertin, Qian Xiao, Wei Zheng, Xiao-ou Shu, Joshua N Sampson, Steven C Moore, Neil E Caporaso
    International Journal of Epidemiology.2016; 45(5): 1421.     CrossRef
  • Cigarette Smoking Habit and Subjective Quality of Sleep
    Alimohamad Asghari, Seyed Kamran Kamrava, Mohsen Rezaee Hemami, Maryam Jalessi, Parin Yazdanifard, Mohammad Farhadi, Seyed Behzad Pousti, Seyed Saleh Tabatabaie
    Scimetr.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Serum Bilirubin Levels Predict Future Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Middle-aged Nonsmoking Men
    Shao-Sung Huang, Wan-Leong Chan, Hsin-Bang Leu, Po-Hsun Huang, Shing-Jong Lin, Jaw-Wen Chen
    The American Journal of Medicine.2015; 128(10): 1138.e35.     CrossRef
  • Serum bilirubin concentration is modified by UGT1A1 Haplotypes and influences risk of Type-2 diabetes in the Norfolk Island genetic isolate
    M. C. Benton, R. A. Lea, D. Macartney-Coxson, C. Bellis, M. A. Carless, J. E. Curran, M. Hanna, D. Eccles, G. K. Chambers, J. Blangero, L. R. Griffiths
    BMC Genetics.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Serum Bilirubin and Disease Progression in Mild COPD
    Scott Apperley, Hye Yun Park, Daniel T. Holmes, S. F. Paul Man, Donald Tashkin, Robert A. Wise, John E. Connett, Don D. Sin
    Chest.2015; 148(1): 169.     CrossRef
  • Smoking Cessation Is Followed by Increases in Serum Bilirubin, an Endogenous Antioxidant Associated With Lower Risk of Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease
    Stephanie S. O’Malley, Ran Wu, Susan T. Mayne, Peter I. Jatlow
    Nicotine & Tobacco Research.2014; 16(8): 1145.     CrossRef
  • Combined Effects of Smoking and Bilirubin Levels on the Risk of Lung Cancer in Korea: The Severance Cohort Study
    Jung-eun Lim, Heejin Kimm, Sun Ha Jee, Suminori Akiba
    PLoS ONE.2014; 9(8): e103972.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Total Bilirubin Levels and Total Mortality in Older Adults: The United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004
    Kwok-Leung Ong, Matthew A. Allison, Bernard M. Y. Cheung, Ben J. Wu, Philip J. Barter, Kerry-Anne Rye, Shree Ram Singh
    PLoS ONE.2014; 9(4): e94479.     CrossRef
  • The Association Between Heterozygosity forUGT1A1*6,UGT1A1*28, and Variation in the Serum Total-Bilirubin Level in Healthy Young Japanese Adults
    Hiroyuki Moriya, Katsuhiko Saito, Nuala Helsby, Shigekazu Sugino, Michiaki Yamakage, Masahiko Takasaki, Hidenori Kato, Nahoko Kurosawa
    Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers.2013; 17(6): 464.     CrossRef
  • Serum bilirubin may serve as a marker for increased heme oxygenase activity and inducibility in tissues – A rationale for the versatile health protection associated with elevated plasma bilirubin
    Mark F. McCarty
    Medical Hypotheses.2013; 81(4): 607.     CrossRef

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