Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Associations of Workplace Violence With Cardiovascular Disease Among United States Workers: Findings From a National Survey: Zheyu Hu, Jian Li; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):368-376. Published online July 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.032

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Recent research indicates a potential association between workplace violence and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the working-age population. However, the relevant evidence in the United States is sparse. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the possible relationship between workplace violence and CVD among United States workers.
Methods
We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, which included a representative sample of 18 380 workers, to investigate the associations between workplace violence and the prevalence of CVD using logistic regression. Workplace violence was determined based on self-reported threats, bullying, or harassment at work over the past 12 months, supplemented with additional information regarding frequency. CVD included all forms of heart disease and stroke.
Results
A total of 1334 workers reported experiences of workplace violence, and 1336 workers were diagnosed with CVD. After adjustment for covariates, participants who reported any instance of workplace violence had significantly higher odds of having CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 2.30) than those who reported no such violence. Furthermore, the highest odds of CVD (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.63) were observed among those frequently exposed to workplace violence. Even occasional exposure to workplace violence was associated with 74% excess odds of CVD.
Conclusions
Our study indicates an association between workplace violence and CVD in United States workers, exhibiting a dose-response pattern.; Summary

The Effect of an Empowerment Program on the Health-promoting Behaviors of Iranian Women Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Fatemeh Noori, Zahra Behboodimoghadam, Shima Haghani, Shahzad Pashaeypoor; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(4):275-283. Published online June 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.088

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Objectives
The workplace is an ideal place for encouraging health-promoting behaviors. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an empowerment program on the health-promoting behaviors of women workers.
Methods
This randomized clinical trial was conducted with 80 women workers employed at a food packaging facility in 2020. The subjects were selected using convenience sampling and were classified into intervention and control groups using block randomization. An empowerment program for women workers was conducted across 6 sessions based on an empowerment model. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II, which participants completed both before the program and 8 weeks after the last session. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive analysis and inferential statistics.
Results
There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in various health-promoting behaviors before the program. However, the intervention group’s scores for nutrition (34.92±1.09 vs. 27.87±4.23), physical activity (24.40±2.94 vs. 17.40±5.03), stress management (26.35±2.60 vs. 23.05±4.27), spiritual growth (34.02±3.00 vs. 30.22±5.40), interpersonal relationships (30.82±2.38 vs. 27.60±4.61), and health responsibility (31.60±2.71 vs. 28.22±4.59) were significantly higher than the control group’s 8 weeks after the program had ended. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the total score of health-promoting behaviors for the intervention group compared to the control group (179.00±9.22 vs. 151.42±20.25, p=0.001).
Conclusions
An empowerment program for women workers led to significant improvements in the health-promoting behaviors of the participants. Similar programs can ultimately improve women’s health in the workplace.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Participatory Approaches in the Context of Research Into Workplace Health Promotion to Improve Physical Activity Levels and Reduce Sedentary Behavior Among Office-Based Workers: Scoping Review
Aidan John Buffey, Christina Kate Langley, Brian P Carson, Alan E Donnelly, Jon Salsberg
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024; 10: e50195. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Multicomponent Interventions and Physical Activity in the Workplace to Reduce Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
M. Rocío Jiménez-Mérida, Manuel Vaquero-Abellán, José M. Alcaide-Leyva, Vanesa Cantón-Habas, Elena Raya-Cano, Manuel Romero-Saldaña
Healthcare.2023; 11(8): 1160. CrossRef

English Abstract

Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome among Male Workers in an Electronics Research and Development Company.: Jun Pyo Myong, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Yong Kyu Kim, Jung Wan Koo, Chung Yill Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(5):331-336.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.5.331

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between lifestyle-implementation and metabolic syndrome in an electronics research and development company, and to provide a foundation for health providers of health management programs for setting priorities. METHODS: From July 1 to July 16, 2008 we carried out a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Consecutive workers of one R & D company in Seoul, Korea (N=2,079) were enrolled in study. A checklist for lifestyle (from the National Health Insurance Corporation) consisted of questions regarding diet, drinking, smoking and exercise. After the survey, researchers obtained data from health profiles for metabolic syndrome(waist-circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar level). Lifestyle was recorded as good or not good. Statistical analysis of metabolic syndrome and the lifestyle of subjects was done using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study gropu was 13.3% (N=277). After adjustment for age, the adjusted odds ratios (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals) for metabolic syndrome increased in proportion to the number of bad habits: two (1.72, 1.23-2.44), three (2.47, 1.73-3.56), and four (3.63, 2.03-6.34). Relative to subjects eating both vegetables and meat', the OR for 'meat' eaters was 1.66 (1.18-2.31). Compared with 'non-smokers and ever-smoker', the OR for 'current-smoker' was 1.62 (1.25-2.10). Compared with 'Healthy drinker', the OR for 'unhealthy drinker' was 1.38 (1.05-1.83). CONCLUSIONS: Poor lifestyle was associated with an increased likelihood of metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest that lifestyle-based occupational health interventions for young employees should include a specific diet, smoking cessation, and healthy-drinking programs.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Metabolic Syndrome Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy Attending Clinic at a District Hospital in Ghana
Prince Osei Akumiah, Kwabena Opoku-Addai, Adwoa Safowaa, Akosua Serwaa Akumiah
SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Korean office workers
Hosihn Ryu, Dal Lae Chin
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2017; 72(5): 249. CrossRef
Relation of Health Promotion Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Daytime Workers
Dae-Sik Ko, Bu-Yeon Park, Gyeong-Hyu Seok
The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(12): 1941. CrossRef
Actual Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Related Factors: A Cross-sectional Study of Korean Blue Collar Workers Employed by Small Businesses
Jong Uk Won, Oi Saeng Hong, Won Ju Hwang
Workplace Health & Safety.2013; 61(4): 163. CrossRef
Actual Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Related Factors
Jong Uk Won, Oi Saeng Hong, Won Ju Hwang
Workplace Health & Safety.2013; 61(4): 163. CrossRef
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of the Metabolic Syndrome in the Korean Workforce
Dae Ryong KANG, Yeongmi HA, Won Ju HWANG
Industrial Health.2013; 51(3): 256. CrossRef

Original Articles

Workplace Smoking Ban Policy and Smoking Behavior.: Beomsoo Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(5):293-297.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.5.293

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the impact of the workplace smoking ban in South Korea, where the male smoking rate is high (57%), on smoking behavior and secondhand smoke exposure. METHODS: A workplace smoking ban legislation implemented in April 2003 requires offices, meeting rooms, and lobbies located in larger than 3,000 square meter buildings (or 2,000 square meter multipurpose buildings) should be smoke free. A representative cross-sectional survey, the third wave (2005) of health supplements in the National Health Nutrition Survey of South Korea, was used to measure the impact of the 2003 workplace smoking ban implementation on smoking behavior. It contained 3,122 observations of adults 20 to 65 years old (excluding self-employed and non-working populations). A multivariate statistical model was used. The self-reported workplace smoking ban policy (full workplace ban, partial workplace ban, and no workplace ban) was used as the key measure. RESULTS: A full workplace smoking ban reduced the current smoking rate by 6.4 percentage points among all workers and also decreased the average daily consumption among smokers by 3.7 cigarettes relative to no smoking ban. Secondhand smoke showed a dramatic decrease of 86 percent (= -1.74/2.03)from the sample mean for full workplace ban. However, public anti-smoking campaign did not show any significant impact on smoking behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The full workplace ban policy is effective in South Korea. Male group showed bigger impact of smoking ban policy than female group. The public antismoking campaign did not show any effectiveness.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between temporary employment and current smoking and change in smoking behaviors: A prospective cohort study from South Korea (2009–2018)
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won
Journal of Epidemiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Simultaneous Measurement and Distribution Analysis of Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine, Trans-3′-Hydroxycotinine, Nornicotine, Anabasine, and Total Nicotine Equivalents in a Large Korean Population
Hyun-Seung Lee, Mi-Ryung Chun, Soo-Youn Lee
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Effects of a supportive workplace environment on the success rate for smoking cessation camp
Woojin Kim, A Ram Kim, Minsu Ock, Young-Jee Jeon, Heun Lee, Daehwan Kim, Minjun Kim, Cheolin Yoo
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure on Establishing Urinary Cotinine-Based Optimal Cut-Off Values for Smoking Status Classification in Korean Adults
Hyun-Seung Lee, Ji-Hyun Cho, Young-Jin Lee, Do-Sim Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(13): 7971. CrossRef
Diagnostic Performance Evaluation of the Novel Index Combining Urinary Cotinine and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in Smoking Status Verification and Usefulness for Trend Monitoring of Tobacco Smoking Exposure
Hyun-Seung Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(19): 12147. CrossRef
Effect of Second-Hand Smoke Exposure on Establishing Urinary Cotinine-Based Optimal Cut-Off Values for Smoking Status Classification in Adult
Hyun-Seung Lee, Ji-Hyun Cho, Young-Jin Lee, Do-Sim Park
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Better air but not for all? Changes in second-hand smoke exposure at workplaces in 29 European countries over 10 years
Sven Schneider, Thorsten Lunau, Terje A Eikemo, Daniel Kotz, Clare Bambra, Benjamin Kuntz, Nico Dragano
European Journal of Public Health.2021; 31(4): 708. CrossRef
A Multi-Disciplinary Study Into the Drivers of Smoking Cessation in South Korea
James E. Prieger, Anna Choi
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Effects of work-related factors on self-reported smoking among female workers in call centers: a cross-sectional study
Young Joon Yang, Young Hoon Moon, Sang Yoon Do, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song
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A social cognitive approach to understanding employee substance use: An example from the Philippines
Reniel B. Tiu, Mendiola Teng-Calleja, Ma. Regina M. Hechanova, Jaimee Felice C. Go
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Effect of a smoke-free policy on staff attitudes and behaviours within an Australian metropolitan health service: a 3 year cross-sectional study
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Socio-demographic and clinical factors contributing to smoking cessation among men: a four-year follow up study of the Korean Health Panel Survey
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South Korean Military Service Promotes Smoking: A Quasi-Experimental Design
Jon-Patrick Allem, John W. Ayers, Veronica L. Irvin, C. Richard Hofstetter, Melbourne F. Hovell
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A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of India’s 2008 Prohibition of Smoking in Public Places in Gujarat
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Relationship between Occupational Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis.: Yong Sung Cho, Yoon Shin Kim, Hae Hiang Song, Seung Cheol Hong; Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(1):125-133.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study uses meta-analysis methodology to examine the statistical consistency and importance of random variation among results of epidemiologic studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposure and leukemia. METHODS: Studies for this meta-analysis were identified from previous reviews and by asking researcher active in this field for recommendations. Overall, 27 studies of occupational electromagnetic field exposures and leukemia were reviewed. A variety of meta-analysis statistical methods have been used to assess combined effects, to identify heterogeneity, and to provide a single summary risk estimate based on a set of simiar epidemiologic studies. In this study, classification of exposure metircs on occupational epidemiologic studies are reported for (1) job classification (20 individual studies); (2) leukemia subtypes (13 individual studies); and (3) country (27 individual studies). RESULTS: Results of this study, an inverse-variance weighted pooling of all the data leads to a small but significant elevation in risk of 11% (OR=1.11, 95% CI : 1.06~1.16) among 27 occupational epidemiologic studies. Publication bias was assessed by the 'fail-safe n' that may be not influence for all combined results exception a few categories, ie, "power station operators" and "electric utility workers" by job classification on occupational study. And all combined odds ratio results were similar for fixed-effects models and random-effects models, with slightly higher risk estimates for the random-effects model in situations where there was significant heterogeneity, ie, Q-statistic significant (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found a small elevation in risk of leukemia, but the ubiquitous nature of exposure to electromagnetic fields from workplace makes even a weak association a public health issue of substantial power to influence the present overall conclusion about relationship between electromagnetic fields exposure and leukemia.; Summary

A Study on the Health Risk Agents in the Workplace of a General Hospital.: Yang Ok Kim, Ki Soon Kim, Jong Park, So Yeon Ryu, Hee Yeon Yang; Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(1):1-14.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the health risk of the workplace environment of a general hospital toward the hospital workers, a questionnaire survey on the perception of risk at the workplace environment and environmental measurements at 27 locations with 240 workers in the hospital were made from October 25th, 1993 to October 30th, 1994. The results were as follows; 1. By the environmental measurements, 86 workers(36%) were found to be exposed to poor or harmful degree of general illumination, 193 workers(80%) were exposed to poor or harmful local illumination, 34 workers(14%) were exposed to poor or harmful degree of thermal condition and l80 workers(75%) were exposed to poor or harmful noise level, but nobody was exposed to poor or harmful dust and toluene concentration. Also nobody was exposed to poor or harmful level of radiation or anticancer/antibiotic agents. 2. The subjective perceptions on the environmental conditions felt by the workers were different from the objective findings by the environmental measurements. The workers underscored the poor illumination state and overscored the dust concentrations. Also workers oversensitized about the thermal condition, the noise level, the radiation level, the toluene concentration and anticancer/antibiotic agents. 3. The sources of noise were the dialogue(179 workers) and the office instruments(131workers). The sources of dust came from the clothes(108 workers) and the building materials(79 workers). 4. The questionnaire survey showed that the 28 workers were exposed to poor or harmful level of the antibiotics, 10 workers to alkali or acid and 6 workers to drug dust in the pharmacy but the above findings could not be proved by the environmental measurements.; Summary

Pilot Study for the Assessment of Physical Fitness among Male Workers in a TV Component Manufacturing Factory.: Gwang Seo Choi, Young Ha Lee, Sung Hie Kim, Kuck Hyeun Woo, Gu Wung Han, Doo Hie Kim; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(3):531-546.

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Abstract PDF: In a TV component manufacturing factory, 102 male workers aged 20~39 years old were participated in testing for physical fitness. At the same time, worker's periodic health examination was done. Test battery for physical fitness include grip strength, trunk flexing, standing long jump, side step, single leg balance with eye close, push ups and Harvard step test. As a result of testing for physical fitness, synthetically, there is no difference between manufacturing workers and officers. By bioelectrical impedance test, it means a declining tendency to all 7 factors in the obese workers, and so, it is important for obese workers not only to promote physical fitness but also to promote health. Excluding grip strength and single leg balance with eye close, 5 fitness factors are negatively associated with degree of diastolic Blood pressure, but it is statistically not significant. And levels of SGOT & SGPT have no association with physical fitness factors.; Summary

The Occupational Health Problems and its Priority for Solving in the Inchon Area.: Kyung Jong Lee, Myung Hwa Cho, Chong Yan Park, Dong Chun Shin, Jae Hoon Roh, Young Hahn Moon; Korean J Prev Med. 1992;25(2):189-198.

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to compare the occupational health concerns and opinions among 4 groups: workers, employers and managers, government officials, and health & safety managers. It could help establishing occupational health plans efficiently and providing the way to solve health problems in workplaces in the Inchon area. The delphi technique which is used for deciding group opinion was adopted for this study. Questionnaires regarding health problems and their priorities in the workplaces were sent to four groups three times. All items were measured by five degree ordinal scales. The four groups agreed with questionnaire items, improvement of working environment, occupational health concerns of the employers, the health concerns of workers, and measurement and analysis of working environment, as the upper five priorities for solving the occupational health problems. Besides with the first five priorities, health examinations, health education, and occupational diseases were suggested as important health problems in workplace.; Summary

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