Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Special Article

Researches of Epigenetic Epidemiology for Infections and Radiation as Carcinogen: Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(4):169-172. Published online July 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.070

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In recent years, a number of studies have been reported on the various types of cancer arising from epigenetic alterations, including reports that these epigenetic alterations occur as a result of radiation exposure or infection. Thyroid cancer and breast cancer, in particular, have high cancer burden, and it has been confirmed that radiation exposure or onco-viral infection are linked to increased risk of development of these two types of cancer, respectively. Thus, the environment-epigenetic alteration-cancer occurrence (EEC) hypothesis has been suggested. This paper reviews the trends in research supporting this hypothesis for radiation exposure and onco-viral infection. If more evidences accumulate for the EEC hypothesis from future research, those findings may greatly aid in the prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the thyroid cancer and breast cancer.

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Expression level and function analysis of serum miRNAs in workers with occupational exposure to benzene series
Kai Dai, Chen Wang, Wu Yao, Changfu Hao
Chemosphere.2023; 313: 137460. CrossRef
HDAC1 and HDAC2 Double Knockout Triggers Cell Apoptosis in Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Ching-Ling Lin, Ming-Lin Tsai, Chun-Yu Lin, Kai-Wen Hsu, Wen-Shyang Hsieh, Wei-Ming Chi, Li-Chi Huang, Chia-Hwa Lee
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(2): 454. CrossRef

Original Article

Nail DNA and Possible Biomarkers: A Pilot Study: Joshua Park, Debbie Liang, Jung Woo Kim, Yongjun Luo, Taesheng Huang, Soo-Young Kim, Seong-Sil Chang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(4):235-243. Published online July 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.4.235

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Nail has been a substitute DNA source for genotyping. To investigate the integrity and consistency of nail DNA amplification for biomarker study, nail clippings from 12 subjects were collected at monthly intervals. The possibility of longer amplification and existence of GAPDH RNA/protein, were also investigated with three nail samples.

Methods

Three primer sets were designed for quantitative amplification of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and analysis of their consistency. The mean threshold cycles in amplification of the target genes were compared to test the consistency of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performance among individual factors including age groups, sex, family, the nail source, and by the size of the amplification segments.

Results

The amplification of the target genes from nail DNA showed similar integrity and consistency between the nail sources, and among the serial collections. However, nail DNA from those in their forties showed earlier threshold cycles in amplification than those in their teens or seventies. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) showed better DNA integrity and consistency in amplification of all three targets than did nuclear DNA (nucDNA). Over 9 kb of mtDNA was successfully amplified, and nested quantitative PCR showed reliable copy numbers (%) between the two loci. Reverse transcription PCR for mRNA and immunoblotting for GAPDH protein successfully reflected their corresponding amounts. Regarding the existence of RNA and protein in nails, more effective extraction and detection methods need to be set up to validate the feasibility in biomarker study.

Conclusions

Nail DNA might be a feasible intra-individual monitoring biomarker. Considering integrity and consistency in target amplification, mtDNA would be a better target for biomarker research than nucDNA.

Summary

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An Investigation for Heavy Metals’ Contamination in Farmers’ Fingernails: Case Study in Libya
Aiman M. Bobaker, Intisar Alakili, Elrashied E. Elkhidir, Sukiman B. Sarmani, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Mahmood Ahmed
Journal of Chemistry.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Biobanking in Molecular Biomarker Research for the Early Detection of Cancer
Kim Lommen, Selena Odeh, Chiel C. de Theije, Kim M. Smits
Cancers.2020; 12(4): 776. CrossRef
Toenail as Non-invasive Biomarker in Metal Toxicity Measurement of Welding Fumes Exposure - A Review
S F Z Bakri, A Hariri, N F Ma’arop, N S A W Hussin
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.2017; 165(1): 012019. CrossRef
High-Quality DNA from Fingernails for Genetic Analysis
Sandra Preuner, Martin Danzer, Johannes Pröll, Ulrike Pötschger, Anita Lawitschka, Christian Gabriel, Thomas Lion
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.2014; 16(4): 459. CrossRef
Detection of short tandem repeat polymorphisms from human nails using direct polymerase chain reaction method
Jian Tie, Seisaku Uchigasaki
ELECTROPHORESIS.2014; 35(21-22): 3188. CrossRef
DNA from Nails for Genetic Analyses in Large-Scale Epidemiologic Studies
Janneke G.F. Hogervorst, Roger W.L. Godschalk, Piet A. van den Brandt, Matty P. Weijenberg, Bas A.J. Verhage, Leonie Jonkers, Joy Goessens, Colinda C.J.M. Simons, Joris R. Vermeesch, Frederik J. van Schooten, Leo J. Schouten
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2014; 23(12): 2703. CrossRef

Special Article

Molecular Typing in Public Health Laboratories: From an Academic Indulgence to an Infection Control Imperative: Franz Allerberger; J Prev Med Public Health. 2012;45(1):1-7. Published online January 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.1.1

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Abstract PDF

Using three Austrian case studies, the variegated applications of molecular typing in today's public health laboratories are discussed to help illustrate preventive management strategies relying on DNA subtyping. DNA macrorestriction analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis has become the gold standard for subtyping of food borne pathogens like listeria, salmonella, campylobacter and Bacillus cereus. Using a Salmonella Mbandaka outbreak from the year 2010 as example, it is shown how the comparison of patterns from human isolates, food isolates, animal isolates and feed isolates can allow to identify and confirm a source of disease. An epidemiological connection between the simultaneous occurrence of tuberculosis in cattle and deer with cases of human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium caprae in 2010 was excluded using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units variable-number tandem repeats subtyping. Also in 2010, multilocus sequence typing with nonselective housekeeping genes, the so-called sequence based typing protocol, was used to elucidate connections between an environmental source (a hospital drinking water system) and a case of legionellosis. During the last decades, molecular typing has evolved to become a routine tool in the daily work of public health laboratories. The challenge is now no longer to simply type microorganisms, but to type them in a way that allows for data exchange between public health laboratories all over the world.

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Ana Kovačić, Željko Huljev, Edita Sušić
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2017; 7(3): 181. CrossRef
Distribution of Salmonella serovars along the food chain in Poland, 2010–2015
Magdalena Skarżyńska, Andrzej Hoszowski, Magdalena Zając, Anna Lalak, Ilona Samcik, Renata Kwit, Dariusz Wasyl
Journal of Veterinary Research.2017; 61(2): 173. CrossRef
The risk of carriage of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in food animals in dynamic populations
Korana Stipetic, Yu‐Chen Chang, Kenlyn Peters, Ahmed Salem, Sanjay H. Doiphode, Patrick L. McDonough, Yung Fu Chang, Ali Sultan, Hussni O. Mohammed
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2016; 2(4): 246. CrossRef
Molecular typing of bacteria for epidemiological surveillance and outbreak investigation / Molekulare Typisierung von Bakterien für die epidemiologische Überwachung und Ausbruchsabklärung
Werner Ruppitsch
Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment.2016; 67(4): 199. CrossRef
Legionella detection and subgrouping in water air-conditioning cooling tower systems in Kuwait
Qadreyah Al-Matawah, Sameer Al-Zenki, Ahmad Al-Azmi, Tahani Al-Waalan, Fadila Al-Salameen, Ahmad Ben Hejji
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2015; 22(13): 10235. CrossRef
Listeriosis cluster in Sydney linked to hospital food
Zeina Najjar, Leena Gupta, Vitali Sintchenko, Craig Shadbolt, Qinning Wang, Narinder Bansal
Medical Journal of Australia.2015; 202(8): 448. CrossRef
Diversity of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of cereulide-producing isolates ofBacillus cereusandBacillus weihenstephanensis
Virginie Castiaux, Elise N'Guessan, Izabela Swiecicka, Laurence Delbrassinne, Katelijne Dierick, Jacques Mahillon
FEMS Microbiology Letters.2014; 353(2): 124. CrossRef
Mycobacterium capraeinfection in humans
Wolfgang M Prodinger, Alexandra Indra, Orhan K Koksalan, Zeki Kilicaslan, Elvira Richter
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2014; 12(12): 1501. CrossRef
Same-Day Subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolates by Use of Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification–Binary Typing
Angela J. Cornelius, Olivier Vandenberg, Beth Robson, Brent J. Gilpin, Stephanie M. Brandt, Paula Scholes, Delphine Martiny, Philip E. Carter, Paul van Vught, Jan Schouten, Stephen L. W. On, D. J. Diekema
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2014; 52(9): 3345. CrossRef
Strukturelle Voraussetzungen und Bedingungen für eine effektive mikrobiologische Diagnostik bei Ausbruchsgeschehen
F. Allerberger
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz.2013; 56(1): 22. CrossRef

Original Article

DNA Damage of Lymphocytes in Volunteers after 4 hours Use of Mobile Phone.: Seonmi Ji, Eunha Oh, Donggeun Sul, Jae Wook Choi, Heechan Park, Eunil Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(4):373-380. Published online November 30, 2004

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
There has been gradually increasing concern about the adverse health effects of electromagnetic radiation originating from cell phones which are widely used in modern life. Cell phone radiation may affect human health by increasing free radicals of human blood cells. This study has been designed to identify DNA damage of blood cells by electromagnetic radiation caused by cell phone use. METHODS: This study investigated the health effect of acute exposure to commercially available cell phones on certain parameters such as an indicator of DNA damage for 14 healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer during the experiment talked over the cell phone with the keypad facing the right side of the face for 4 hours. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay), which is very sensitive in detecting the presence of DNA strand-breaks and alkali-labile damage in individual cells, was used to assess peripheral blood cells (T-cells, B-cells, granulocytes) from volunteers before and after exposure to cell phone radiation. The parameters of Comet assay measured were Olive Tail Moment and Tail DNA %. RESULTS: The Olive Tail Moment of B-cells and granulocytes and Tail DNA % of B-cells and granulocytes were increased by a statistically significant extent after 4- hour use of a cell phone compared with controls. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that cell phone radiation caused the DNA damage during the 4 hours of experimental condition. Nonetheless, this study suggested that cell phone use may increase DNA damage by electromagnetic radiation and other contributing factors.; Summary

English Abstracts

High Throughput Genotyping for Genomic Cohort Study.: Woong Yang Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(2):102-107.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.102

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Abstract PDF

Human Genome Project (HGP) could unveil the secrets of human being by a long script of genetic codes, which enabled us to get access to mine the cause of diseases more efficiently. Two wheels for HGP, bioinformatics and high throughput technology are essential techniques for the genomic medicine. While microarray platforms are still evolving, we can screen more than 500,000 genotypes at once. Even we can sequence the whole genome of an organism within a day. Because the future medicne will focus on the genetic susceptibility of individuals, we need to find genetic variations of each person by efficient genotyping methods.

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A novel protein chip for simultaneous detection of antibodies against four epidemic swine viruses in China
Yue Wu, Xudan Wu, Jing Chen, Jingfei Hu, Xiaobo Huang, Bin Zhou
BMC Veterinary Research.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection and Differentiation of Four Poultry Diseases Using Asymmetric Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction in Combination with Oligonucleotide Microarrays
Qimeng Tao, Xiurong Wang, Hongmei Bao, Jianan Wu, Lin Shi, Yanbing Li, Chuanling Qiao, Samuilenko Anatolij Yakovlevich, Poukhova Nina Mikhaylovna, Hualan Chen
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation.2009; 21(5): 623. CrossRef

Increased DNA Damage of Lymphocytes in Korean Male Smokers.: Joohyun Lee, Eunil Lee, Eunha Oh, Juneyoung Lee, Donggeun Sul, Jooja Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(1):16-22.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.1.16

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of DNA damage in human lymphocytes caused by smoking and other lifestyle factors. METHODS: The study population consisted of 173 normal healthy male adults from 21 to 59 years old. The demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from administered questionnaires. The level of lymphocytic DNA damage in the peripheral blood was evaluated by the Comet assay. Statistical analyses were done by general linear model analysis and Dunnett's multiple comparison. RESULTS: The difference in DNA damage between smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant. The means for the Tail%DNA were found to be 10.48 in the current smokers and 9.60 in the non-smokers (p<0.05). The tail moment means were 1.58 and 1.45 (p<0.05) for the current smokers and non-smokers, respectively. The number of cigarettes smoked per day did not result in a significant difference in the level of DNA damage among the smokers. Other lifestyle factors such as age, and drinking and exercise habits were not related to DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS: The DNA damage in the lymphocytes of smokers was found to be significantly higher than that for non-smokers. However, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was not related to DNA damage. Further study is needed to evaluate the relationship between the amount of smoking and level of damage to DNA. In addition, the status of DNA repair activities should be assessed.

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DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood leucocytes of Polish blood donors
Małgorzata M Dobrzyńska, Krzysztof A Pachocki, Katarzyna Owczarska
Mutagenesis.2018; 33(1): 69. CrossRef
The effect of carrot juice, β-carotene supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and plasma lipid profiles in Korean smoker
Hye-Jin Lee, Yoo Kyoung Park, Myung-Hee Kang
Nutrition Research and Practice.2011; 5(6): 540. CrossRef

Multicenter Study

Assessment of DNA Viability in Long Term-Stored Buffy Coat Species for the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort.: Mihi Yang, Jihyun Yoo, Cheong Sik Kim, Aesun Shin, Daehee Kang, Soung Hoon Chang, Sue Kyung Park, Hai Rim Shin, Keun Young Yoo; Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(4):373-376.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
Peripheral blood-buffy coat fractions (N = 14, 956) have been stored at -70degrees C in the headquarter of the Korean Multicenter Cancer Cohort (KMCC), since 1993. To study the future molecular etiology of cancers using specimens of the cohort, properly stored specimens are necessary. Therefore, the DNA-viability of the buffy coat samples was investigated. METHODS: Buffy coat fraction samples were randomly selected from various collection areas and years (N = 100). The DNA viability was evaluate from the UV-absorbent ratios at 260/280nm and the PCR for beta-globin was performed with genomic DNA isolated from the buffy coat. RESULTS: PCR products were obtained from 85 and 98% of the C and H area-samples, respectively, using 50 or 100mul of the buffy coat. There were significant differences in the yields of the PCR-amplifications from the C and H areas (p < 0.05), which was due to differences in the homogenization of the buffy coat fractions available as aliquots. The PCR-products were obtained from all of the samples (N = 7) stored at the C area-local center, but the other aliquots stored at the headquarter were not PCR-amplified. Therefore, the PCR products in almost all the samples, even including the DNA-degraded samples, were obtained. In addition, an improvement in the DNA isolation, i.e. approx. 1.6 fold, was found after using extra RBC lysis buffer. CONCLUSIONS: PCR products for beta-globin were obtained from nearly all of the samples. The regional differences in the PCR amplifications were thought to have originated from the different sample-preparation and homogenization performance. Therefore, the long term-stored buffy coat species at the KMCC can be used for future molecular studies.; Summary

Original Articles

DNA Damage in Lymphocytes after Hair Dyeing and Related Factors among Women Volunteers.: Jin A Cho, Eun Ha Oh, Dong Geun Sul, Eun Il Lee; Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(4):275-281.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the DNA damage by hair dyeing in human lymphocytes. METHODS: Comet assays were carried out to evaluate the DNA damage in lymphocytes by hair dyeing. Twenty subjects were selected from women volunteers whose age ranged from 55 to 67 year old. All subjects had no smoking history. Blood samples were collected before and 6 hours after hair dyeing. DNA damage was evaluated by means of the tail moments, which were quantified by a KOMET 4.0 image analysis system. RESUJLTS: The tail moments before hair dyeing showed no significant differences among subjects except for the high frequency group. The mean values of the tail moments in subjects with low and high frequencies of hair dyeing were 1.39 and 1.77, respectively (p<0.05). The tail moments after hair dyeing increased significantly. The mean values of tail moments in subjects before and after hair dyeing were 1.45 and 1.79, respectively (p<0.01). However, the difference levels of DNA damage in lymphocytes before and after hair dyeing were found to be slightly lower in both the dietary supplement taking group and high frequency group. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency group appears to have a higher level of DNA damage than the low frequency group before hair dyeing. DNA damage in lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in the volunteers after hair dyeing. In this study, the related factors such as high frequency and taking dietary supplements appeard to reduce DNA damage in lymphocytes after hair dyeing.; Summary

Repair of Chromate induced DNA-Protein Crosslinks in Rat Lymphocyte.: Hun Jae Lee, Kwan Hee Lee, Yun Chul Hong; Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(3):597-608.

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Abstract PDF: Genotoxic agents can induce various DNA lesions. DNA-Protein Crosslinks(DPCs) were known as the important DNA lesions which could impair gene expression because DPCs had a high probability of resisting repair and persisting through cell cycle. This repair resistance of DPCs could have biological significance but had not been evaluated clearly yet. Most of the studies that have evaluated the repair of DPCs only compared the extent of DPCs repair with other DNA lesions. We injected K2CrO4, a genotoxic agent, into Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally(5mg/kg) and isolated blood lymphocytes 12 hours later. These lymphocytes were cultured in the mitogen added growth media and mitogen free media separately. The degree of the repair of DPCs was monitored for 4 days by the K-SDS assay. 4 day later, the amount of DPCs decreased by 4.6% in the mitogen added media but in creased by 10.9% in the mitogen free media. These results showed that DPCs induced by K2CrO4 were not repaired easily and the DPCs were biologically significant DNA lesions. We thought the decrease of DPCs in the mitogen added media was not due to the repair of DPCs, but from the increase of normal cell proliferation. Therefore, it is very important to consider the proliferation of normal cells when estimating the repair of DPCs.; Summary

English Abstract

Folate and Homocysteine Levels during Pregnancy affect DNA Methylation in Human Placenta.: Bo hyun Park, Young Ju Kim, Jong soon Park, Hwa young Lee, Eun hee Ha, Jung won Min, Hye sook Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(4):437-442.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
DNA methylation is one of the best characterized epigenetic mechanisms that play a regulatory role in genome programming and imprinting during embryogenesis. In this present study, we investigated the association between DNA methylation in the human placenta and the maternal folate and homocysteine concentrations on the Methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) genetic polymorphism during pregnancy. METHODS: We investigated 107 pregnant women who visited Ewha Woman's University Hospital for prenatal care during their 24~28 weeks-period of gestation. During the second trimester, we measured the serum homocysteine and folate concentrations. The MTHFR 677 genetic polymorphism was determine by performing PCR-RFLP assay. The expression of DNA methylation in the human placentas was estimated by using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS: Serum folate was negatively correlated with the serum homocysteine concentration for all the MTHFR genotypes. We found positive correlation between the folate concentrations and the DNA methylation in the human placenta (p< 0.05). An increasing concentration of homocysteine was associated with reduced DNA methylation in the human placenta. The coefficient value was -2.03 (-3.77, -0.29) on the regression model (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the maternal folate and homocysteine levels along with the MTHFR 677 genetic polymorphism during pregnancy affect the DNA methylation in the human placenta.; Summary

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