Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Health Behaviors Before and After the Implementation of a Health Community Organization: Gangwon’s Health-Plus Community Program: Joon-Hyeong Kim, Nam-Jun Kim, Soo-Hyeong Kim, Woong-Sub Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(6):487-494. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.121

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Community organization is a resident-led movement aimed at creating fundamental social changes in the community by resolving its problems through the organized power of its residents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of health community organization (HCO), Gangwon’s Health-Plus community program, implemented from 2013 to 2019 on residents’ health behaviors.
Methods
This study had a before-and-after design using 2011-2019 Korea Community Health Survey data. To compare the 3-year periods before and after HCO implementation, the study targeted areas where the HCO had been implemented for 4 years or longer. Therefore, a total of 4512 individuals from 11 areas with HCO start years from 2013 to 2016 were included. Complex sample multi-logistic regression analysis adjusting for demographic characteristics (sex, age, residential area, income level, education level, and HCO start year) was conducted.
Results
HCO implementation was associated with decreased current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and subjective stress recognition (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.97). Additionally, the HCO was associated with increased walking exercise practice (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.71), and attempts to control weight (aOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.64). No significant negative changes were observed in other health behavior variables.
Conclusions
The HCO seems to have contributed to improving community health indicators. In the future, a follow-up study that analyzes only the effectiveness of the HCO through structured quasi-experimental studies will be needed.; Summary

Korean summary
건강주민운동은 지역사회 건강지표 향상에 기여한 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 주민참여형 건강증진사업이 주민들의 건강을 향상하기 위해서는 주민이 주체가 되어 조직화된 힘으로 지역사회의 근본적인 변화를 만들어가는 주민운동의 관점으로 시행될 필요가 있다.

Key Message
The Health Community Organization (HCO) appears to contribute to the enhancement of community health indicators. Therefore, in order to improve the health of residents through community-based participatory health promotion programs, it is necessary to implement them from the perspective of the HCO in which residents organize themselves as a mobilized force to bring about fundamental changes in the community.

A Multi-level Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation in Health Screenings in Korea: A Focus on Household and Regional Factors: So Yoon Park, Young-jeon Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):153-163. Published online October 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.268

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study divided the factors that affect participation in health screenings into individual, household, and regional levels and conducted a multi-level analysis to identify the factors related to participation in health screenings.
Methods
Participants from the 2017 Community Health Survey were classified into 2 groups (under 40 and 40 or older). A multi-level logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that affected participation in health screenings.
Results
The screening rate of the participants was 69.7%, and it was higher among participants aged 40 and older (80.3%) than it was among participants younger than 40 (49.8%). At the individual level, the factors that influenced participation in health screenings included age, economic activity, smoking status, physician-diagnosed hypertension, and a moderate or high physical activity level. At the household level, the odds ratio of participation in health screenings was high for participants who lived in single-person households, lived with a spouse, earned a high monthly household income, and were not beneficiaries of national basic livelihood security. At the regional level, the odds ratio at the 95% confidence interval level of participation in health screenings was high for participants who had trust in the local community and lived in an area with a proportionally high social welfare budget.
Conclusions
This study analyzed nationalwide data and confirmed that individual, household, and regional characteristics affected participation in health screenings. Therefore, policies that prioritize the improvement of regional level factors and especially household level factors are likely to be the most effective for improving the screening rate.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 건강검진 수검 여부에 영향을 미치는 요인을 개인, 가구, 지역수준으로 나누어 다수준 분석을 통해 분석하였다. 건강검진 수검여부에 개인 특성뿐만 아니라 개인을 둘러싼 가구와 지역의 특성도 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 영향요인들의 유의성을 바탕으로, 건강검진 수검률 향상을 위한 정책을 수립할 때 지역수준 요인뿐만 아니라 특별히 가구수준 요인을 개선할 수 있는 정책을 우선하는 것이 효과적일 것이다.

Citations

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Sex-specific Associations between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Cancer Incidence among Korean Adults
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Kyungsik Kim, Sangjun Lee, Sue K. Park
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2023; 32(9): 1227. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Willingness toward Organ Donation in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Analysis Using a Social–Ecological Framework
Mengjun Zeng, Haomiao Li, Xiaohui Song, Jipin Jiang, Yingchun Chen
Healthcare.2023; 11(6): 824. CrossRef

Factors Related to Regional Variation in the High-risk Drinking Rate in Korea: Using Quantile Regression: Eun Su Kim, Hae-Sung Nam; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(2):145-152. Published online March 16, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.507

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to identify regional differences in the high-risk drinking rate among yearly alcohol users in Korea and to identify relevant regional factors for each quintile using quantile regression.
Methods
Data from 227 counties surveyed by the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) were analyzed. The analysis dataset included secondary data extracted from the Korean Statistical Information Service and data from the KCHS. To identify regional factors related to the high-risk drinking rate among yearly alcohol users, quantile regression was conducted by dividing the data into 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% quantiles, and multiple linear regression was also performed.
Results
The current smoking rate, perceived stress rate, crude divorce rate, and financial independence rate, as well as one’s social network, were related to the high-risk drinking rate among yearly alcohol users. The quantile regression revealed that the perceived stress rate was related to all quantiles except for the 90% quantile, and the financial independence rate was related to the 50% to 90% quantiles. The crude divorce rate was related to the high-risk drinking rate among yearly alcohol users in all quantiles.
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that local health programs for high-risk drinking are needed in areas with high local stress and high crude divorce rates.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 quantile regression을 이용하여 high risk drinking 의 지역간 변이 요인을 파악하였습니다. 연구결과, high risk drinking rate 의 지역간 변이가 크고, quanile별로 관련요인을 다르다는 것을 파악하였습니다. 본 연구의 결과는 높은 지역의 스트레스와 조이혼율의 관리와 함께 지역 고위험음주율의 건강프로그램이 필요하다는 것을 암시한다.

Citations

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Prevalence and Related Factors of Depression Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Eung-Joon Lee, Seung Jae Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Data resource profile: the Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) database
Hye-Eun Lee, Yeon-gyeong Kim, Jin-Young Jeong, Dong-Hyun Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023016. CrossRef
Prevalence, awareness, and treatment of depression among community-dwelling stroke survivors in Korea
Eung-Joon Lee, Oh Deog Kwon, Seung Jae Kim
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Effects of the Out-of-pocket Payment Exemption in the Public Health Center on Medical Utilization of the Korean Elderly: Kiryong Nam, Eunhye Park, Yuhjin Chung, Chang-yup Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(6):455-464. Published online October 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.341

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The distribution of hospitals in Korea is unbalanced in terms of accessibility. Many local public health centers (PHCs) exempt out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) based on local government laws to increase coverage. However, this varies across administrative regions, as many make this exemption for the elderly, while others do not. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the OOP exemption at local PHCs among elderly individuals.
Methods
This study used online data on Korean national law to gather information on individual local governments’ regulations regarding OOP exemptions. Individual-level data were gathered from the 2018 Community Health Survey and regional-level data from public online sources.
Results
The study analyzed 132 regions and 44 918 elderly people. A statistical analysis of rate differences and 2-level multiple logistic regression were carried out. The rate difference according to whether elderly individuals resided in areas with the OOP exemption was 1.97%p (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 2.88) for PHC utilization, 1.37%p (95% CI, 0.67 to 2.08) for hypertension treatment, and 2.19%p (95% CI, 0.63 to 3.74) for diabetes treatment. The regression analysis showed that OOP exemption had an effect on hypertension treatment, with a fixed-effect odds ratio of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.48).
Conclusions
The OOP exemption at PHCs can affect medical utilization in Korea, especially for hypertension treatment. The OOP exemption should be expanded to improve healthcare utilization in Korea.

Summary

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Access of older people to primary health care in low and middle-income countries: A systematic scoping review
Saydeh Dableh, Kate Frazer, Diarmuid Stokes, Thilo Kroll, Dirceu Henrique Paulo Mabunda
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(4): e0298973. CrossRef

COVID-19: Perspective

Unconventional Answers to Unprecedented Challenges: The Swedish Experience During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Giuseppe Valeriani, Iris Sarajlic Vukovic, Richard Mollica; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(4):233-235. Published online July 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.235

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Abstract PDF

Since its early stages, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed immense challenges in meeting the public health and healthcare and social care needs of migrants. In line with other reports from United Kingdom and United States, data from Sweden’s health authority show that migrants have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Following the World Health Organization’s statements, as well as the European Public Health Association’s call for action, several centres in Sweden’s most populated areas have activated tools to implement national plans for community outreach through initiatives targeting migrants and ethnic minority groups. Unconventional means should be promoted to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on migrants and the health of the public at large.

Summary

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Asylum Seekers’ Responses to Government COVID-19 Recommendations: A Cross-sectional Survey in a Swiss Canton
Kevin Morisod, Marie-Anne Durand, Kevin Selby, Marie-Annick Le Pogam, Véronique S. Grazioli, Javier Sanchis Zozaya, Patrick Bodenmann, Christian von Plessen
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health.2023; 25(3): 570. CrossRef
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated risk factors among asylum seekers living in asylum centres: A cross-sectional serologic study in Canton of Vaud, Switzerland
Kevin Morisod, Véronique S. Grazioli, Virginie Schlüter, Murielle Bochud, Semira Gonseth Nusslé, Valérie D'Acremont, Nolwenn Bühler, Patrick Bodenmann
Journal of Migration and Health.2023; 7: 100175. CrossRef
Association of sociodemographic characteristics with self-perceived access to COVID-19 information and adherence to preventive measures among migrant origin and general populations in Finland: a cross-sectional study
Natalia Skogberg, Tyler Prinkey, Eero Lilja, Päivikki Koponen, Anu E Castaneda
BMJ Open.2023; 13(3): e069192. CrossRef
Current challenges and potential solutions to the use of digital health technologies in evidence generation: a narrative review
Hassan Mumtaz, Muhammad Hamza Riaz, Hanan Wajid, Muhammad Saqib, Muhammad Hamayl Zeeshan, Shaheer Ellahi Khan, Yesha Rajendrabhai Chauhan, Hassan Sohail, Laiba Iman Vohra
Frontiers in Digital Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Health literacy of forcibly displaced (migrant) women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a grounded theory study
Jana Tempes, Uwe Bittlingmayer, Eva-Maria Bitzer, Ines Himmelsbach
International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care.2023; 19(3/4): 451. CrossRef
Working With Refugees' Health During COVID-19—The Experience of Health- and Social Care Workers in Sweden
Elisabeth Mangrio, Slobodan Zdravkovic, Michael Strange
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Beyond Burnout: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic Challenges to Self-care
Richard F. Mollica, Dinali B. Fernando, Eugene F. Augusterfer
Current Psychiatry Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: A systematic review
Sally E Hayward, Anna Deal, Cherie Cheng, Alison Crawshaw, Miriam Orcutt, Tushna F Vandrevala, Marie Norredam, Manuel Carballo, Yusuf Ciftci, Ana Requena-Méndez, Christina Greenaway, Jessica Carter, Felicity Knights, Anushka Mehrotra, Farah Seedat, Kayvan
Journal of Migration and Health.2021; 3: 100041. CrossRef
“I Just Want Some Clear Answers”: Challenges and Tactics Adopted by Migrants in Denmark When Accessing Health Risk Information about COVID-19
Rasmus Luca Lyager Brønholt, Nina Langer Primdahl, Anja M. B. Jensen, An Verelst, Ilse Derluyn, Morten Skovdal
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(17): 8932. CrossRef
Refugees in Sweden During the Covid-19 Pandemic—The Need for a New Perspective on Health and Integration
Mangrio Elisabeth, Paul-Satyaseela Maneesh, Strange Michael
Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Addressing Healthcare Gaps in Sweden during the COVID-19 Outbreak: On Community Outreach and Empowering Ethnic Minority Groups in a Digitalized Context
Giuseppe Valeriani, Iris Sarajlic Vukovic, Tomas Lindegaard, Roberto Felizia, Richard Mollica, Gerhard Andersson
Healthcare.2020; 8(4): 445. CrossRef

Original Articles

Factors That Affect Suicidal Attempt Risk Among Korean Elderly Adults: A Path Analysis: Junsoo Ro, Jongheon Park, Jinsuk Lee, Hyemin Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(1):28-37. Published online January 14, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.030

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Among the Korean elderly (those 65 years of age and older), the suicide rate is 80.3/100 000 people, which is ten times higher than the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development average. Because South Korea is rapidly becoming an aging population, this high elderly suicidal rate will only get worse. Although the size of the elderly suicide problem is quite large, previous research in South Korea has surveyed restricted areas and not the entire country. Even though the factors that affect elderly suicide are complicated, there has been little research into these influencing factors. Thus, this research uses the national survey data (Community Health Survey) that was obtained in 2009. Additionally, we analyze factors affecting elderly suicidal ideation and attempts as well as the paths of these effects.
Methods
Community Health Survey data obtained by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2009 was used for this study. We additionally examined the factors that affect suicide with chi-squared tests, t-tests, Pearson’s correlation test, and path analysis.
Results
Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are the only factors that directly affect suicidal attempts. Demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors have indirect effects on suicidal attempts.
Conclusions
Depression has the strongest influence on suicidal ideation and attempts. Demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors affect suicidal attempts mostly through depressive symptoms. In addition, there is a path that suggests that demographic, behavioral, and physical activity factors affect suicidal attempts not through depression symptoms but only through suicidal ideation. This means that the elderly who do not have depression symptoms attempt suicide according to their own situations and characteristics.

Summary

Citations

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Socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal behaviors in South Korea: systematic review on the current state of evidence
Nicolas Raschke, Amir Mohsenpour, Leona Aschentrup, Florian Fischer, Kamil J. Wrona
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Suicidal Behavior Among Elderly Inpatients: its Relation to Functional Disability and Pain
Suzaily Wahab, Tien Yong Chua, Rosdinom Razali, Zanariah Mat Saher, Iman Hakimi Zamzam, Mohamad Adam Bujang
Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2022; Volume 15: 737. CrossRef
Parks and green areas and the risk for depression and suicidal indicators
Kyoung-bok Min, Hyun-Jin Kim, Hye-Jin Kim, Jin-young Min
International Journal of Public Health.2017; 62(6): 647. CrossRef
Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in South Korea
Jae Soon Yoo, Sun Ju Chang, Hyun Sook Kim
Research and Theory for Nursing Practice.2016; 30(3): 200. CrossRef

The Effect of Sleep Duration on the Risk of Unintentional Injury in Korean Adults: Yeon-Yong Kim, Un-Na Kim, Jin-Seok Lee, Jong-Heon Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(3):150-157. Published online May 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.3.150

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

The decrease or increase in sleep duration has recently been recognized as a risk factor for several diseases, including hypertension and obesity. Many studies have explored the relationship of decreased sleep durations and injuries, but few have examined the relationship between increased sleep duration and injury. The objective of this research is to identify the risk for injury associated with both decreased and increased sleep durations.

Methods

Data from the 2010 Community Health Survey were used in this study. We conducted logistic regression with average sleep duration as the independent variable, injury as a dependent variable, and controlling for age, sex, occupation, education, region (cities and provinces), smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and depression. Seven categories of sleep duration were established: ≤4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and ≥10 hours.

Results

Using 7 hours of sleep as the reference, the adjusted injury risk (odds ratio) for those sleeping a total of ≤4 h/d was 1.53; 1.28 for 5 hours, for 1.11 for 6 hours, 0.98 for 8 hours, 1.12 for 9 hours, and 1.48 for ≥10 hours. The difference in risk was statistically significant for each category except for the 8 and 9 hours. In this study, risk increased as the sleep duration decreased or increased, except for the 8 and 9 hours.

Conclusions

This research found that either a decrease or increase in sleep duration was associated with an increased risk for injury. The concept of proper sleep duration can be evaluated by its associated injury risk.

Summary

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David H Ferraby, D Hayhurst, R Strachan, H Knapman, S Wood, J L Fallowfield
BMJ Military Health.2023; 169(6): 517. CrossRef
Prevalence and behavioural associations of unintentional injuries among Chinese college students: a 50-University population-based study
Dan Wu, Tingzhong Yang, Randall R Cottrell, Huan Zhou, Xueying Feng
Injury Prevention.2019; 25(1): 52. CrossRef
Association of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration on the health-related quality of life of college students in Northeast China
Yinjian Ge, Shimeng Xin, Dechun Luan, Zhili Zou, Mengting Liu, Xue Bai, Qian Gao
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for unintentional injuries among the rural elderly: a county-based cross-sectional survey
Hongping Zhang, Feng Wei, Mo Han, Jianquan Chen, Songxu Peng, Yukai Du
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Unintentional Injuries among Psychiatric Outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder
Ching-I Hung, Chia-Yih Liu, Ching-Hui Yang, Yinglin Xia
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(12): e0168202. CrossRef
The Effect of Sleep Duration and Relief of Fatigue after Sleep on the Risk of Injury at School among Korean Adolescents
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A Study on Characteristics of Core Projects Described in 3rd Community Health Plans.: Dong Moon Kim, Weon Young Lee, Chang Yup Kim, Ok Ryun Moon; J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(1):88-98.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE
The 3rd community health plan let health centers select and promote core projects considering budget and manpower. This study analyzed the content and selection processes of core projects, using the nationwide 3rd community health plans, to give relevant information on health center policies. METHODS: Classification criteria for content analysis of core projects were established and verified through a literature review and by specialist discussions. Fifty plans were selected by stratified proportional random sampling for regional characteristics. And coding criteria standardized through coding repetition and discussion, by 2 persons (k> 0.7). Using stratified proportional random sampling for 16 cities and provinces, regional characteristics, 117 plans were selected, and the contents of the core project selection processes and program contents analyzed. RESULTS: The survey was used by 59.8 % of samples as a core project decision-making method. The participants included 98.6, 81.4, 40 and 38.6% of the health staffs, residents, medical institutions, and administrators, respectively. Discussion was used by 15.4% of samples. The participants were health staffs by 100% as a great. The ranking of the frequencies of the selected core projects were, in order; chronic disease control, health promotion, elderly health, maternal-child health, and oral health at 16.4, 14.8, 14.3, 12.7 and 11.9%, respectively. Analyses on the chronic disease control and elderly health contents showed the diversity of object disease, high rates of visitors on patient detection programs, high rates of unclear target populations, and the provision of medical exams and treatments as the main services, with high variations in business per-formance. The national health budgets for health centers in 2003 were about 910 and 240 million won for chronic disease control and elderly health, respectively, which were less than for the other five priority core projects. CONCLUSION: The chronic disease control and elderly health at the health centers were not standardized for object disease, patient detection program, target population, service provision, and national support budget was insufficient. Thus it is necessary to develop standard guidelines, and increase financial support, for chronic disease control and elderly health.; Summary

The Possibility of Regional Health Insurance Data in Blueprinting the Local Community Health Plan.: Sang Yi Lee, Chul Woung Kim, Ok Ryun Moon; Korean J Prev Med. 1997;30(4):870-883.

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Abstract PDF: The health center has to play an important role in promoting community health and satisfying a variety of community health needs and demands in the decentralized Korea. The nearly enacted Community Health Act compels every health center to make its own health plans which intend to deal with local health problems and plan its future health care. This obligation is obviously a big burden to most health centers. They do not have experiences in and abilities of making local health care plans. In order to establish a systematic community health plan, health centers have to concentrate their efforts on enhancing the ability of making health care plan through gathering and analysing the local health informations. However, it is very difficult in reality. This is simply because it will take long time to accomplish these activities. It seems natural that various professionals and researchers participate in carrying out the process of making community health plan in the initial stage. No standardized methodology and analysing framework exist even in the health professional society. Nonetheless, it is common to introduce survey research methodologies in analysing consumer's health care utilization and cost, and in identifying factors influencing health behaviors. Many researchers and professionals have applied social survey methodologies in obtaining information on providers and health policy makers as well. The authors have found that few studies have ever utilized local health data stored at the self-employed medical insurance society as the data source of planning activities. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the usefulness of the data stored at the Sung-Dong Gu Self-employed Medical Insurance Society in establishing the community health plan. The major contents of this study are as follows ; 1. Frequency of utilization by age, area, sex, type of medical care institutions, and some major diseases 2. Medical treatment by type of medical care institutions, by classification of 21 diseases, by frequency of three-character categories 3. Medical treatment of major neoplasm and some chronic diseases by age, sex, and area. The conclusion of this study is that it is of great potentiality to find out the local health problems and to use them in blueprinting the community health plan through comparing the frequency of medical utilization analyzed by a variety of variables with NHI health data or the health data from survey research.; Summary

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