Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Volume 41(6); November 2008

English Abstracts

Keywords Network Analysis of Articles in the North Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 1997~2006.: Minsoo Jung, Dongjun Chung, Mankyu Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):365-372.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.365

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OBJECTIVES
There are very few researches on North Korea's academic activities. Furthermore, it is doubtful that the available data are reliable. This study investigated research activities and knowledge structure in the field of Preventive Medicine in North Korea with a network analysis using co-authors and keywords. METHODS: The data was composed of the North Korean Journal of preventive medicine ranged from Vol. 1 of 1997 to Vol. 4 of 2006. It was the matrix of 1,172 articles by 1,567 co-authors. We applied R procedure for keywords abstraction, and then sought for the outcome of network forms by spring-KK and shrinking network. RESULTS: To comprehend the whole networks explicitly demonstrated that the academic activities in North Korea's preventive medicine were predisposed to centralization as similar as South Korea's, but on the other aspect they were prone to one-off intermittent segmentation. The principal co-author networks were formulated around some outstanding medical universities seemingly in addition to possible intervention by major researchers. The knowledge structure of network was based on experimentation judging from keywords such as drug, immunity, virus detection, infection, bacteria, anti-inflammation, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Though North Korea is a socialist regime, there were network of academic activities, which were deemed the existence of inducive mechanism affordable for free research. Article keywords has laid greater emphasis on experiment-based bacterial detection, sustainable immune system and prevention of infection. The kind of trend was a consistent characteristic in preventive medicine of North Korea having close correlation with Koryo medical science.

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The Prevalence of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia according to Gender, Age and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in a Rural Population.: Hyun Ja Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Tae Joon Byun, Chang Soo Eun, Kyu Sang Song, Yong Sung Kim, Dong Soo Han; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):373-379.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.373

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OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia according to gender, age and Helicobacter pylori infection in a rural population in Korea. METHODS: Between April 2003 and January 2007, 713 subjects (298 men and 415 women, age range: 18-85) among the 2,161 adults who participated in a populationbased survey received gastrointestinal endoscopy. All the subjects provided informed consent. Multiple biopsy specimens were evaluated for the presence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The presence of Helicobacter pylori was determined using CLO and histology testing. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of atrophic gastritis was 42.7% for men and 38.1% for women and the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 42.5% for men and 32.7% for women. The prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia increased significantly with age for both men and women (p for trend<0.001). The ageadjusted prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was similar for men (59.0%) and women (56.7%). The subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection showed a significantly higher prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (44.3%) compared with that (26.8%) of the noninfected subjects (p<0.001). However, the prevalence of atrophic gastritis was not statistically different between the Helicobacter pyloriinfected subjects and the noninfected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia is higher for a Korean rural population than that for a Western population; this may be related to the high incidence of gastric cancer in Koreans. Especially, the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was high for the subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection. The multistep process of gastric carcinogenesis and the various factors contributing to each step of this process need to be determined by conducting future follow-up studies.

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An Estimation of the National Cancer Incidence in Korea for 2000-2002 Using the Databases of 8 Population-based Regional Cancer Registries.: J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):380-386.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.380

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OBJECTIVES
Valid data on the national cancer incidence (NCI) is the data should be needed to plan, monitor and evaluate the national cancer control programs. The purpose of this study was to estimate the NCI for 2000-2002 from 8 population-based cancer registries database in Korea (KRCR DB). METHODS: We defined the expected number of cancer cases in each registry as the number of observed cases and then adding to the weighted observed cases, according to sex, age groups, and the proportion of the population covered by each registry for the population of the eight regions and the population of all areas with excluding the 8 regions. From the expected number of total cancer incidents, the estimated NCI was calculated by dividing the expected number of cancer cases by the number of the total population. The standard error (SE) of the estimated incidence was also taken from the expected number of total cancer incidents. RESULTS: The overall estimated crude rates in 2000-2002 were 267.1 and 219.0 per 100,000 for men and women, respectively. The overall age-standardized rates (ASR) were 290.1 and 180.7 per 100,000, respectively. Compared with the ASRs obtained from Korea National Cancer Incidence database (KNCI DB), the estimated ASRs from the KRCR DB did not show statistically significant differences except for some cancers in women. For the aspect of the SE, index of DCO(death certificate only) and of MV(microscopically verified), the estimated ASRs from the KRCR DB are more accurate and they have higher quality rather than the calculated ASRs from the KNCI DB. CONCLUSIONS: We found that this developed method using the KRCR DB is valid and it could be another strategy for estimating the NCI in Korea.

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The Concept and Measurement of Food Security.: Kirang Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Young Jeon Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):387-396.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.387

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OBJECTIVES
During the past two decades, food deprivation and hunger have been recognized to be not just the concerns of only underdeveloped or developing countries, but as problems for many affluent Western nations as well. Many countries have made numerous efforts to define and measure the extent of these problems. Based on these efforts, the theory and practice of food security studies has significantly evolved during the last decades. Thus, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the concept and measurement of food security. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this review, we introduce the definition and background of food security, we describe the impact of food insecurity on nutrition and health, we provide its measurements and operational instruments and we discuss its applications and implications. Some practical information for the use of the food security index in South Korea is also presented. CONCLUSIONS: Food security is an essential element in achieving a good nutritional and health status and it has an influence to reduce poverty. The information about the current understanding of food security can help scientists, policy makers and program practitioners conduct research and maintain outreach programs that address the issues of poverty and the promotion of food security.

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Usefulness of Color Vision Test for Early Detection of Neurological Damages by Neurotoxic Substances.: Eun Hee Lee, Kyungho Choi, Hong Jae Chae, Domyung Paek; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):397-406.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.397

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Abstract PDF: This paper reviews the published literature that is concerned with color vision impairment from industrial and environmental exposure to neurotoxic substances, and we evaluated whether testing for color vision impairment could be an affordable procedure for assessing these neurotoxic effects. In general, most cases of congenital color vision impairment are red-green, and blue-yellow impairment is extremely rare. However, most of the acquired color vision impairment that is related to age, alcohol or environmental factors is blue-yellow impairment. Therefore, many studies have been performed to identify this relationship between exposure to neurotoxic substances, such as organic solvents and heavy metals, and the prevalence of blueyellow color vision impairment. The test for color vision impairment is known to be very sensitive to the early signs of nervous system dysfunction and this can be useful for making the early diagnosis of neurotoxic effects from exposure to very low concentrations of toxic substances.; Summary

The Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Health Checkup Examinees.: Jae Hee Yu, Kang Sook Lee, Seon Young Lee, A Rum Hong, Yong Sang Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):407-412.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.407

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OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: This study was conducted to investigate the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors for adult men (n=2976) and women (n=2442) who were over 19 years old, after excluding the HBsAg(+) or anti-HCV(+) patients and the men and women with increased alcohol intake (men: 40 g/week, women: 20 g/week). RESULTS: Compared with the normal liver subjects, the nonalcoholic fatty liver subjects showed a significantly increased frequency of abnormal systolic blood pressure (> or =120 mmHg), fasting blood sugar (> or =100 mg/dL), total cholesterol (> or =200 mg/dL), triglyceride (> or =150 mg/dL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (> or =130g m/dL) and abdominal obesity in men, and all these measures were significantly increased in the women except for abnormal HDL cholesterol. After adjusting for the body mass index, age, smoking, exercise and a nonalcoholic liver, the odds ratios of an abnormal waist hip ratio were 1.35(95% Confidence Interval=1.05-4.72) in the mild fatty liver, 1.61(1.19-2.18) in the moderate fatty liver, 2.77(1.57-4.92) in the severe fatty liver compared with a normal liver. The adjusted odds ratios for abnormal fasting blood sugar were 1.26(1.03-1.53) in the mild fatty liver, 1.62(1.27-2.06) in the moderate fatty lliver and 1.77(1.12-2.78) in the severe fatty liver. The adjusted odds ratios for abnormal triglyceride were 1.38(1.11-1.72) in the mild fatty liver, 1.73(0.33-2.24) in the moderate fatty liver and 1.91(1.17-3.10) in the severe fatty liver of men. Adjusted odds ratios for abnormal triglyceride were 1.50(1.04-2.15) in mild, 1.71(1.07-2.68) in moderate, 1.81(0.69-4.38) in severe fatty liver of women. CONCLUSIONS: The nonalcoholic fatty liver subjects had more cardiovascular risk factors compared with the normal liver subjects. Thus, prevention and treatment of the nonalcoholic fatty liver is necessary by lifestyle modifications such as restriction of alcohol intake, no smoking, exercise and adequate eating habits.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The Association Between Circulating Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Rural Adults.: So Yeon Ryu, Ki Soon Kim, Jong Park, Myeng Guen Kang, Mi Ah Han; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):413-418.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.413

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OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the associations between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammatory markers. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from 1578 Koreans aged 40-69 years residing in a rural area. We investigated associations between MetS and circulating high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), white blood cells (WBC) and adiponectin. MetS was defined using the criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III). RESULTS: Increased WBC counts and hs-CRP levels and decreased adiponectin levels were observed in subjects with MetS. WBC, hs-CRP and adiponectin levels linearly deteriorated with an increase in the number of MetS components (all ptrend <0.005). Finally, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of MetS by increase/decrease in 3 inflammatory markers were calculated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. In terms of changes in inflammation markers, in men, the adjusted ORs (95% confidence interval) were 1.15 (1.01-1.31) for WBC, 1.64 (1.02-2.64) for hs-CRP, and 0.19 (0.08-0.45) for adiponectin, whereas corresponding adjusted ORs (95% CIs) in women were 1.27 (1.15-1.40), 0.98 (0.67-1.42), 0.09 (0.04-0.18), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum adiponectin levels and WBC counts were found to be strongly associated with MetS in both sexes. However, hs-CRP lost its significance after adjusting for BMI and other inflammatory markers in women. This study shows that inflammatory response is associated with MetS in the Korean population. Further prospective studies are necessary to confirm the contribution made by inflammatory markers to the development of MetS.

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English Abstracts

Factors Affecting Social Distance toward Mental Illness: A Nationwide Telephone Survey in Korea.: Sangjun Moon, Jin Seok Lee, Sue Kyung Park, Sun Young Lee, Yoon Kim, Yong Ik Kim, Youngsoo Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):419-426.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.419

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OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate impact of knowledge, familiarity, and prejudice about mental illness as well as demographic factors on the social distance from mentally ill people, which is a proxy measure of discrimination. METHOD: To assess the impact of knowledge and familiarity, prejudice about mental illness and demographic factors on the social distance from mental illness, we conducted a telephone survey in South Korea with the responders being nationally representative people who were 18 years old or over (n=1040). Independent samples T-tests, one way ANOVA and linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the results of the survey. RESULT: The social distance from mental illness decreased as the knowledge and familiarity increased, but the social distance was increased as prejudice was increased. Prejudice had a greater impact on social distance than familiarity and knowledge. Females showed greater social distance than did males. A higher education level had a negative effect on social distance. CONCLUSION: To reduce the social distance from mentally ill people, efforts to increase the familiarity about mental illness as well as efforts to educate people about mental illness are important.

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Social Distance Attitudes of Nursing Students towards Adults with Mental Disorders
So Young Lee, Kyunghee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 356. CrossRef
Public perceptions of risk in criminality: The effects of mental illness and social disadvantage
Claire Nee, Clare Witt
Psychiatry Research.2013; 209(3): 675. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Public Prejudice and Social Distance on Mental Illness: Analysis of Contextual Effect by Multi-level Analysis
Hyeongap Jang, Jun-Tae Lim, Juhwan Oh, Seon-Young Lee, Yong-Ik Kim, Jin-Seok Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2012; 45(2): 90. CrossRef
Effectiveness of an Education Program to Reduce Negative Attitudes Toward Persons With Mental Illness Using Online Media
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Asian Nursing Research.2010; 4(2): 90. CrossRef

The Relationship between Physical Activity and Clustering of Metabolic Abnormalities in Children.: Hyun Jin Son, Mi Kyung Kim, Hyun Ja Kim, Ho Kim, Bo Youl Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):427-433.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.427

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OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to assess the association between physical activity and the clustering of metabolic abnormalities among Korean children. The effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for the time spent in inactivity was examined as well. METHODS: The study subjects were comprised of 692 (354 boys, 338 girls) 4th grade elementary school students. We used a modified form of the physical activity questionnaire that was developed in the Five-City Project. The subjects with clustering of metabolic abnormalities were defined as having two or more of the following five characteristics: waist circumference > or =90 %, systolic or diastolic blood pressure > or =90 %, fasting glucose > or =110 mg/dl, triglycerides > or =110 mg/dl and HDL cholesterol < or =40 mg/dl. We calculated the odds ratios to assess the effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for time spent in inactivity. RESULTS: The risk of clustered metabolic abnormalities was inversely correlated with the increased time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity, but the correlation was not significant. The odds ratio for clustering of metabolic abnormalities that represented the effect of substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for 30minutes of sedentary activity was 0.87 (95% CI=0.76-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that substituting moderate to vigorous physical activity for sedentary activity could decrease the risk of clustered metabolic abnormalities.

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Association between sedentary behavior, screen time and metabolic syndrome among Chinese children and adolescents
Xue Cheng, Qiya Guo, Lahong Ju, Weiyi Gong, Xiaoqi Wei, Xiaoli Xu, Liyun Zhao, Hongyun Fang
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors Among Korean Adolescents
Mi-Ae You, Youn-Jung Son
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2012; 24(3): 464. CrossRef

The Decline of Health-Related Quality of Life Associated with Some Diseases in Korean Adults.: Seol Ryoung Kil, Sang Il Lee, Sung Cheol Yun, Hyung Mi An, Min Woo Jo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):434-441.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.434

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OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to measure the decline in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) associated with some diseases in South Korean adults. METHODS: The EQ-5D health states in the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) and the Korean EQ-5D valuation set were used to obtain the EQ-5D indexes of the study subjects. Each disease group was defined when the subjects reported to the NHNES that they were diagnosed with the corresponding disease during the previous 1 year by physicians. Since the distributions of the EQ-5D indexes in each subgroup were negatively skewed, median regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of specific diseases on the HRQoL. Median regression analysis produced estimates that approximated the median of the EQ-5D indexes and there are more robust for analyzing data with many outliers. RESULTS: A total of 16,692 subjects (6,667 patients and 10,025 people without any disease) were included in the analysis. As a result of the median regression analysis, stroke had the strongest impact on the HRQoL for both males and females, followed by osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatic arthritis, and herniation of an intervertebral disc. While asthma had a significant impact on the HRQoL only in men, cataract, temporo-mandibular dysfunction, and peptic ulcer significantly affected the HRQoL only in women. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke and musculoskeletal diseases were associated with the largest losses of the HRQoL in Korean adults.

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