Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Dong Chun Shin

14 Articles

Short-term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Emergency Department Visits for Asthma: An Assessment of Effect Modification by Prior Allergic Disease History: Juhwan Noh, Jungwoo Sohn, Jaelim Cho, Seong-Kyung Cho, Yoon Jung Choi, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):329-341. Published online September 8, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.038

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Objectives
The goal of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on emergency department (ED) visits in Seoul for asthma according to patients’ prior history of allergic diseases.
Methods
Data on ED visits from 2005 to 2009 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. To evaluate the risk of ED visits for asthma related to ambient air pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm [PM10]), a generalized additive model with a Poisson distribution was used; a single-lag model and a cumulative-effect model (average concentration over the previous 1-7 days) were also explored. The percent increase and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each interquartile range (IQR) increment in the concentration of each air pollutant. Subgroup analyses were done by age, gender, the presence of allergic disease, and season.
Results
A total of 33 751 asthma attack cases were observed during the study period. The strongest association was a 9.6% increase (95% CI, 6.9% to 12.3%) in the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in O3 concentration. IQR changes in NO2 and PM10 concentrations were also significantly associated with ED visits in the cumulative lag 7 model. Among patients with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis, the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in PM10 concentration was higher (3.9%; 95% CI, 1.2% to 6.7%) than in patients with no such history.
Conclusions
Ambient air pollutants were positively associated with ED visits for asthma, especially among subjects with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.

Summary

Citations

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Causal relationship between asthma outpatient visits and air pollution with instrumental variable approach
Su Hwan Kim, Seong Pyo Kim, Jae‐In Song, Zio Kim, Jin Youp Kim, Hyung‐Jin Yoon
Allergy.2023; 78(11): 3007. CrossRef
Defining the Relationship between Daily Exposure to Particulate Matter and Hospital Visits by Psoriasis Patients
Eun Hye Lee, Daesick Ryu, Nam-Soo Hong, Jun Young Kim, Kyung Duck Park, Weon Ju Lee, Seok-Jong Lee, Sang-Hyun Kim, Younghae Do, Yong Hyun Jang
Annals of Dermatology.2022; 34(1): 40. CrossRef
Review of Ground-Level Ozone Impact in Respiratory Health Deterioration for the Past Two Decades
Angelo Roldão Soares, Carla Silva
Atmosphere.2022; 13(3): 434. CrossRef
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Monika Ścibor, Bartosz Balcerzak, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Grazyna Jasienska
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Jin-Ok Baek, Jaelim Cho, Joo-Young Roh
Environmental Research.2021; 195: 110153. CrossRef
Effects of ambient air pollution on childhood asthma exacerbation in the Philadelphia metropolitan Region, 2011–2014
Wanyu Huang, Leah H. Schinasi, Chén C. Kenyon, Kari Moore, Steven Melly, Rebecca A. Hubbard, Yuzhe Zhao, Ana V. Diez Roux, Christopher B. Forrest, Mitchell Maltenfort, Anneclaire J. De Roos
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Cheryl van de Wetering, Evan Elko, Marijn Berg, Caspar H.J. Schiffers, Vasili Stylianidis, Maarten van den Berge, Martijn C. Nawijn, Emiel F.M. Wouters, Yvonne M.W. Janssen-Heininger, Niki L. Reynaert
Redox Biology.2021; 43: 101995. CrossRef
Effects of Particulate Matter on Healthy Skin: A Comparative Study between High- and Low-Particulate Matter Periods
Se Jin Oh, Dokyoung Yoon, Ji-Hye Park, Jong Hee Lee
Annals of Dermatology.2021; 33(3): 263. CrossRef
Association with Ambient Air Pollutants and School Absence Due to Sickness in Schoolchildren: A Case-Crossover Study in a Provincial Town of Japan
Masanari Watanabe, Hisashi Noma, Jun Kurai, Kazuhiro Kato, Hiroyuki Sano
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A traditional herbal formula, Deng-Shi-Qing-Mai-Tang, regulates TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce inflammatory response in PM2.5-induced lung injury
You Zhou, Jianbo Liu, Cheng Jiang, Jiaming Chen, Xilian Feng, Weiyan Chen, Jiechun Zhang, Hongzhen Dong, Wei Zhang
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Long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of non-lung cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies
H-B Kim, J-Y Shim, B Park, Y-J Lee
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Predicting Asthma Attacks: Effects of Indoor PM Concentrations on Peak Expiratory Flow Rates of Asthmatic Children
Dohyeong Kim, Sunghwan Cho, Lakshman Tamil, Dae Jin Song, Sungchul Seo
IEEE Access.2020; 8: 8791. CrossRef
Acute associations between PM2.5 and ozone concentrations and asthma exacerbations among patients with and without allergic comorbidities
Natalie A. Rosenquist, William J. Metcalf, So Young Ryu, Aida Rutledge, Max J. Coppes, Joe J. Grzymski, Matthew J. Strickland, Lyndsey A. Darrow
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology.2020; 30(5): 795. CrossRef
The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalizations in 5 cities in Poland: comparison of time-series and case-crossover analyses
Alessandro Slama, Andrzej Śliwczyński, Jolanta Woźnica-Pyzikiewicz, Maciej Zdrolik, Bartłomiej Wiśnicki, Jakub Kubajek, Olga Turżańska-Wieczorek, Marcin Studnicki, Waldemar Wierzba, Edward Franek
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2020; 27(19): 24582. CrossRef
Association between air pollutants and outpatient and emergency hospital visits for childhood asthma in Shenyang city of China
Qing Chang, Shu Liu, Zongjiao Chen, Biao Zu, Hehua Zhang
International Journal of Biometeorology.2020; 64(9): 1539. CrossRef
Effect of particulate matter exposure on patients with COPD and risk reduction through behavioural interventions: the protocol of a prospective panel study
Shinhee Park, Seung Won Ra, Sung Yoon Kang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sei Won Lee
BMJ Open.2020; 10(11): e039394. CrossRef
The Respiratory Risks of Ambient/Outdoor Air Pollution
Gary Adamkiewicz, Jahred Liddie, Jonathan M. Gaffin
Clinics in Chest Medicine.2020; 41(4): 809. CrossRef
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS AND PREVALENCE OF ASTHMA AMONG CHILDREN: A REVIEW
N. M. Agarkov, A. V. Poshibailova, V. A. Ivanov
Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology).2020; 27(5): 45. CrossRef
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Mina Park, Ji Sung Lee, Moo Kyun Park
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology.2019; 12(3): 294. CrossRef
Air Pollutants and Frailty in Older Adults: A Geriatrician’s Perspective
Heayon Lee, Eunju Lee, Il-Young Jang
Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2019; 23(4): 212. CrossRef
Assessing the impact of air pollution on childhood asthma morbidity: how, when, and what to do
Allison J. Burbank, David B. Peden
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The relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and schizophrenia severity
Rika Eguchi, Daisuke Onozuka, Kouji Ikeda, Kenji Kuroda, Ichiro Ieiri, Akihito Hagihara
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Metal(loid) bioaccessibility and inhalation risk assessment: A comparison between an urban and an industrial area
A. Hernández-Pellón, W. Nischkauer, A. Limbeck, I. Fernández-Olmo
Environmental Research.2018; 165: 140. CrossRef
Air pollution influences the incidence of otitis media in children: A national population-based study
Mina Park, Jiyeon Han, Myoung-jin Jang, Myung-Whan Suh, Jun Ho Lee, Seung Ha Oh, Moo Kyun Park, Alexander Larcombe
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(6): e0199296. CrossRef
Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes
Ran Li, Ning Jiang, Qichen Liu, Jing Huang, Xinbiao Guo, Fan Liu, Zhancheng Gao
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(1): 47. CrossRef
Relationship between emergency care utilization, ambient temperature, and the pollution standard index in Taiwan
Ching-hui Tseng, Li-Chin Lu, Shao-Hwan Lan, Yen-Ping Hsieh, Shou-Jen Lan
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2017; 27(5): 344. CrossRef
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Skin Diseases Due to Particulate Matter
Le Ngoc, Duckshin Park, Yongil Lee, Young-Chul Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(12): 1458. CrossRef

Medical Care Expenditure in Suicides From Non-illness-related Causes: Jungwoo Sohn, Jaelim Cho, Ki Tae Moon, Mina Suh, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin, Sang Hyuk Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(6):327-335. Published online November 4, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.038

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Several epidemiological studies on medical care utilization prior to suicide have considered the motivation of suicide, but focused on the influence of physical illnesses. Medical care expenditure in suicide completers with non-illness-related causes has not been investigated.
Methods
Suicides motivated by non-illness-related factors were identified using the investigator’s note from the National Police Agency, which was then linked to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment data. We investigated the medical care expenditures of cases one year prior to committing suicide and conducted a case-control study using conditional logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, gender, area of residence, and socioeconomic status.
Results
Among the 4515 suicides motivated by non-illness-related causes, medical care expenditures increased in only the last 3 months prior to suicide in the adolescent group. In the younger group, the proportion of total medical expenditure for external injuries was higher than that in the older groups. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed significant associations with being a suicide completer and having a rural residence, low socioeconomic status, and high medical care expenditure. After stratification into the four age groups, a significant positive association with medical care expenditures and being a suicide completer was found in the adolescent and young adult groups, but no significant results were found in the elderly groups for both men and women.
Conclusions
Younger adults who committed suicide motivated by non-illness-related causes had a higher proportion of external injuries and more medical care expenditures than their controls did. This reinforces the notion that suicide prevention strategies for young people with suicidal risk factors are needed.

Summary

Citations

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Socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal behaviors in South Korea: systematic review on the current state of evidence
Nicolas Raschke, Amir Mohsenpour, Leona Aschentrup, Florian Fischer, Kamil J. Wrona
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of intergenerational support and medical expenditures on depression: Evidence from rural older adults in China
Congrong Li, Qing Han, Jinrong Hu, Zeyu Han, Hongjuan Yang
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Medical Care Utilization During 1 Year Prior to Death in Suicides Motivated by Physical Illnesses: Jaelim Cho, Won Joon Lee, Ki Tae Moon, Mina Suh, Jungwoo Sohn, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin, Sang Hyuk Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(3):147-154. Published online May 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.3.147

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Many epidemiological studies have suggested that a variety of medical illnesses are associated with suicide. Investigating the time-varying pattern of medical care utilization prior to death in suicides motivated by physical illnesses would be helpful for developing suicide prevention programs for patients with physical illnesses.

Methods

Suicides motivated by physical illnesses were identified by the investigator's note from the National Police Agency, which was linked to the data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment. We investigated the time-varying patterns of medical care utilization during 1 year prior to suicide using repeated-measures data analysis after adjustment for age, gender, area of residence, and socioeconomic status.

Results

Among 1994 suicides for physical illness, 1893 (94.9%) suicides contacted any medical care services and 445 (22.3%) suicides contacted mental health care during 1 year prior to suicide. The number of medical care visits and individual medical expenditures increased as the date of suicide approached (p<0.001). The number of medical care visits for psychiatric disorders prior to suicide significantly increased only in 40- to 64-year-old men (p=0.002), women <40 years old (p=0.011) and women 40 to 64 years old (p=0.021) after adjustment for residence, socioeconomic status, and morbidity.

Conclusions

Most of the suicides motivated by physical illnesses contacted medical care during 1 year prior to suicide, but many of them did not undergo psychiatric evaluation. This underscores the need for programs to provide psychosocial support to patients with physical illnesses.

Summary

Citations

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Suicide risk of chronic diseases and comorbidities: A Korean case-control study
Areum Song, Emily Jiali Koh, Weon-Young Lee, Shusen Chang, Jiseun Lim, Minjae Choi, Myung Ki
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Variations in healthcare utilization for mental health problems prior to suicide by socioeconomic status: a Norwegian register-based population study
Carine Øien-Ødegaard, Solveig Tobie Glestad Christiansen, Lars Johan Hauge, Kim Stene-Larsen, Sissel Marguerite Bélanger, Espen Bjertness, Anne Reneflot
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Risk factors for suicidal behavior in older adults
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Yu Vera Men, Tai-Chung Lam, Cheuk Yui Yeung, Paul Siu Fai Yip
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Risk Factors for Suicide in a National Sample of Veterans With Multiple Sclerosis
Quinn D. Kellerman, Narineh Hartoonian, Megan L. Beier, Steven L. Leipertz, Charles Maynard, Trisha A. Hostetter, Jodie K. Haselkorn, Aaron P. Turner
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Social Work in Mental Health.2020; 18(4): 429. CrossRef
Adaptation of evidence‐based suicide prevention strategies during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic
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Use of prescription medication prior to suicide in Norway
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Use of primary healthcare services prior to suicide in Norway: a descriptive comparison of immigrants and the majority population
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Michael Bauer, Ole A Andreassen, John R Geddes, Lars Vedel Kessing, Ute Lewitzka, Thomas G Schulze, Eduard Vieta
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A study of people who attempted suicide referred to the emergency ward of Ali Ibn Abi Taleb hospital, Rafsanjan, Iran (2016)
Alireza Taherifard, Hassan Ahmadinia, Reza Vazirinejad, Zahra Javadi, Seyed Zia Tabatabaei, Mohsen Rezaeian
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Effectiveness of Nursing Preventive Interventions in Suicide re- Attempts
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Risk-Based Damage Cost Estimation on Mortality Due to Environmental Problems.: Ye Shin Kim, Yong Jin Lee, Hoa Sung Park, Dong Chun Shin; Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(3):230-238.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To estimate the value of statistical life (VSL) and health damage cost on theoretical mortality estimates due to environmental pollution. METHODS: We assessed the health risk on three environmental problems and eight sub-problems. Willingness to pay (WTP) was elucidated from a questionnaire survey with dichotomous contingent valuation method and VSL (which is the division of WTP by the change of risk reduction) calculated from WTP. Damage costs were estimated by multiplying VSL by the theoretical mortality estimates. RESULTS: VSLs from death caused by air pollution, indoor air pollution and drinking water contamination were about 0.3, 0.5 and 0.3 billion won, respectively. Damage costs of particulate matters (PM10) and radon were higher in the sub-problems and were above 100 billion won. Because damage cost depends on theoretical mortality estimate and WTP, its uncertainty is reduced in the estimating process. CONCLUSION: Health damage cost or risk benefit should be considered as one scientific criterion for decision making in environmental policy.; Summary

Short-term Effect of Air Pollution on Respiratory Disease in Seoul : A Case-Crossover Study.: Young Ju Lee, Jong Tae Lee, Young Su Ju, Dong Chun Shin, Hyoung June Im, Soo Hun Cho; Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(3):253-261.

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the hypothesis that air pollution could increase emergency room visits for respiratory diseases, and if so, to quantify the strength of association between those. METHODS: We compiled daily records of hospital emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in Seoul, from November 1. 1995 to October 31. 1996, by using medical utilization data of unscheduled visits. In addition, air quality and weather data for the same period was collected. And a case-crossover design was applied by adopting conditional logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between air pollutants and emergency room visits for respiratory diseases. In particular, the control periods were chosen by a bidirectional paired matching technique 7, 14, and 21days before and after the case periods. RESULTS: Only ozone was associated with the increased number of emergency room visits for respiratory diseases. The relative risk according to a 30ppb increase of ozone concentration (24hr mean, lagged 1day) was 1.91 (95% confidence interval = 1.78-2.05). CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant association between the ambient ozone and daily emergency room visits for respiratory diseases.; Summary

An Analysis of Health Examination Outcome in the Special Health Examination Institute.: Yeon Soon Ahn, Sang Hyuk Jung, Dong Chun Shin, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(3):663-677.

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Abstract PDF: Special health examination institute has done periodic health examination for workers who have worked in the hazardous workplace. However, assessment on outcome in special health examination institute about detection ability of occupational disease has not been. In this circumstances, we studied on the differences of health examination outcome among special health examination institutes and identified related factors which affected outcome of special health examination in the special health examination institutes. The summary of the results were as follows. 1. 50 special health examination institutes were examined in this study. Among them, university institutes were 13 cases(26.0%), hospitals were 20 cases(40.0%), a corporation aggregates were 9 cases(18.0%) and an auxiliary organs of company were 8 cases(16.0%). There were 29(58.0%) institutes with a preventive medicine specialist, but 21 institutes(42.0%) were not. 2. Total workers examined in 50 institutes were 606,948 and workers diagnosed as occupational disease(D1) were 3,156. The rate of occupational disease was 6 workers per 1,000 examined workers. Workers needed for close observation(C) were 95,809 and the rate of workers needed for close observation was 141 per 1,000 examined workers. 3. The rate of occupational disease of university institutes was highest(11.3 per l,000 examined workers) and followed by hospitals(6.0 per 1,000 examined workers), a corporation aggregates(4.2 per 1,000 examined workers), and an auxiliary organs of company(l.2 per 1,000 examined workers.). The difference of the rate of occupational disease between university institutes and an auxiliary organs of company was statistically moderate significant(p<.1).The rate of occupational disease in special health examination institutes with establishment duration was more than 10 years was statistically higher than institutes with establishment duration was less than 10 years(p<0.l). 4. The results of multiple regression, R2 was 0.3394(adjusted R2 was 0.2109), F-value was 2, fi41ft(p<0.5), and statistically significant variables were establishment duration(p<0.1), number of examined workers per one doctor(p<.l), and auxiliary organs of company(p<0.l), which dependent variable was the rate of occupational disease and independent variables were number of examined workers per one doctor, classification of institute, the rate of working environment exceeding TLV, duration of institute establishment, presence of a preventive medicine specialist.; Summary

Health Risk of Organic Pollutants in the Suspended Particulates in a Traffic Area of Seoul.: Dong Chun Shin, Yong Chung, Jong Man Kim, Seong Eun Park, Yong Wook Lim; Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(2):326-336.

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Abstract PDF: Due to rapid industrialization and economic development since 1970's, Seoul has become known as one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. This is especially because of its air pollution. This study was conducted to characterize the cancer risk from organic pollutants in the suspended particulates of Seoul. Extractable organic matter(EOM)and PAHs in Shinchon, a major traffic area, were measured monthly in two periods of Aug. 1987-Sep. 1988, and Sep. 1990-Aug. 1991. While the differences both of EOM and benzo(a)pyrene concentrations between these two periods were not significant(P>0.05), the differences between heating and non-heating seasons were significant(P<0.01). The estimated mean concentrations of EOM and benzo(a)pyrene in fine particles in non-heating season were 3.98 microgram/m3 and 0.51ng/m3 respectively, and in heating season were 6.75 microgram/m3 and 2.96 ng/m3 respectively, in these two periods combined. The calculated risk from EOM was compared with that from benzo(a)pyrene and also these values were compared with the level of acceptable risk.; Summary

The Occupational Health Problems and its Priority for Solving in the Inchon Area.: Kyung Jong Lee, Myung Hwa Cho, Chong Yan Park, Dong Chun Shin, Jae Hoon Roh, Young Hahn Moon; Korean J Prev Med. 1992;25(2):189-198.

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to compare the occupational health concerns and opinions among 4 groups: workers, employers and managers, government officials, and health & safety managers. It could help establishing occupational health plans efficiently and providing the way to solve health problems in workplaces in the Inchon area. The delphi technique which is used for deciding group opinion was adopted for this study. Questionnaires regarding health problems and their priorities in the workplaces were sent to four groups three times. All items were measured by five degree ordinal scales. The four groups agreed with questionnaire items, improvement of working environment, occupational health concerns of the employers, the health concerns of workers, and measurement and analysis of working environment, as the upper five priorities for solving the occupational health problems. Besides with the first five priorities, health examinations, health education, and occupational diseases were suggested as important health problems in workplace.; Summary

Atmospheric concentration and mutagenicity of organic pollutants of suspended particulate in Seoul.: Dong Chun Shin, Yong Chung, Young Hahn Moon, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean J Prev Med. 1990;23(1):43-56.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the difference of concentration and mutagenicity of organic pollutants between residential and traffic area of Seoul, air samples were collected in Bulkwang (residential) and Shinchon (traffic) area. Samples were analyzed to measure the concentration of extractable organic matters (EOM) and their subfractions and mutagenicites were tested using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also measured by gas-chromatography and compared between two areas. The results were as follows ; 1. While the concentration of total suspended particulate (TSP) in residental area was below the environmental standard in annual average, the concentration in traffic area was above the standard and was up to its maximum 256 microgram/m3 in November. The difference of TSP concentrations in both areas of each month was statistically significant (P<0.05). 2. The concentration of fine particle in traffic area was significantly higher compare to that in residential area and showed statistically significant monthly difference in both areas (P<0.05). The proportion of concentration of fine particle to TSP was 55-68%. 3. Mean concentrations of EOM in residential and traffic areas were 4.3 microgram/m3 and 5.3 microgram/m3 respectively. The proportion of amount of EOM from fine particle to EOM from TSP was 70-88%. 4. While the percentage of polar neutral organic compounds (POCN) of fine particle in Bulkwang's sample was higher compare to Shinchon's sample, the percentage of aliphatic compounds of fine particle in Shinchon's sample was higher compare to Bulkwang's sample. The percentages of PAH fraction were as low as 6-10% in both areas. 5. The mutagenic activity of unit concentration of organic matters extracted from fine particle was higher compare to that of coarse particle and was increased when metabolically activated with S9. Mutagenicities with metabolic activation calculated by unit air volume were significantly different between residential and traffic area, 17 revertants/m3 and 22 revertants/m3 respectively. 6. The concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene in fine particle of traffic and residential areas were 3.10 microgram/m3 and 2.02 microgram/m3 respectively. Sixteen PAHs were higher in samples of traffic area compare to residential area and also concentrations of PAHs in fine particle were higher compare to coarse particle.; Summary

A study on the concentration and health risk of trihalomethanes in drinking water.: Yong Chung, Dong Chun Shin, Bo Young Lee, Sung Han Yu, Sang Hyuk Chung; Korean J Prev Med. 1989;22(4):495-505.

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Abstract PDF: This study was conducted as a nationwide survey in Korea to determine the THM (trihalomethane) concentration levels in the drinking water of 14 selected cities. The survey was undertaken in one city (Kwangju) during September and October of 1988 and 14 cities in January through February of 1988. The results were as follows: 1. The KMnO4 consumption was 10.6 mg/l - 11.6 mg/l in Pusan and Ulsan, exceeding the drinking water standard of 10 mg/l. Pusan, Inchon, Kwangju, Ulsan, Mokpo and Junju areas also exceeded the ammonia nitrate standard of 0.5 mg/l, Other tap waters surveyed were detected below the drinking water standards. 2. The THM concentrations of tap water measured in January and February of 1989 were detected in the range 1.20 microgram/l - 150.8 microgram/l. 3. In the comparative study of the THM concentration of tap water measured in the Kwangju area during September and October of 1988, the average THM concentration of 145.63 +/- 70.72 microgram/l showed a sifford increase compared to that of 23.8 +/- 8.31 microgram/l surveyed in January and February 1989. 4. The proportion of the four THM compounds found in tap water was bromoform, 47%; chloroform, 30%; chlordibromomethane, 13%; and dichlorobromomethane, 10%. 5. Since the results indicate that the concentration of bromoform was 2 - 10 times higher than that of chloroform measured in the seaside district of Pusan, Ulsan and Cheju Island, it is reasonable to assume that the raw water was somehow influenced by seawater. 6. The average lifetime cancer rate of the population exposed to chloroform measured in the surveyed areas was 17 cancer incidences per 1 million population. From the above results, the existence of THM in the distribution systems seems to be inevitable, since chlorine disinfection is performed in water treatment plants in our country. There seems to be a trend of increasing. THM concentrations due to the contamination of raw water. In order to establish any form of regulations, health risk assessment is an imminent subject.; Summary

Mutagenic Activity of Organic Pollutans in Drinking Water in Seoul.: Dong Chun Shin, Jae Yeon Jang, Seong Joon Jo, Yong Chun; Korean J Prev Med. 1988;21(2):284-294.

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Abstract PDF: To measure the mutagenic activity of micro-organic pollutants in drinking water, mutagenic test was conducted using Salmnella typhimurium TA 98 strain on the water sample taken from three water supply station and six tap water in Seoul in July and November 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The average amounts of organic matters in raw, treated, and tap water sampled in July were 0.38mg/l, 0.28mg/l, and 0.45mg/l, respectively, and sampled in November were 0.34mg/l, 0.24mg/l, and 0.22mg/l, respectively. The amount of organic matters of tap water sampled in November did not increase while that of tap water sampled in July increased compare to those of raw or treated water. 2. The amount of organic matters is the highest in neutral fraction compare to acidic and basic fractions. 3. In the five out of six tap water and raw water of Paldang and Kuui station sampled in July, the mutagenic ratios were greater than two (both direct and indirect mutagenicity). 4. In the three out six tap water and raw and treated water of Kuui station sampled in November, the mutagenic ratios were greater than two. 5. While mutagenic were low in acidic and basic fraction, they were high in neutral fraction. The samples which had high mutagenic activity in the total amount also showed high mutagenic activity in neutral fraction. 6. While mutagenic activity was decreased after the treatment of water, it was increased in tap water as the distance from the water supply station increases.; Summary

Effect of STEL-toluene on Metabolism of Benzene in Rats.: Jaehoon Roh, Dong Chun Shin, Jung Gyun Park, Young Hahn Moon, Ho Keun Chung; Korean J Prev Med. 1988;21(1):152-162.

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Abstract PDF: Benzene and toluene, which are widely used aromatic hydrocarbons in workplace, are recently proved to cause health hazards due to their toxic effects. This study investigated the influence of toluene on the urinary excretion of benzene metabolite by administering short term exposure limit(STEL) of these compounds(i.e., 13.8mg/kg of benzene and 108.8mg/kg of toluene) intraperitoneally into Sprague-Dawley rats. After administration, urinary phenol concentration of rat was measured by gas chromatography for every three hours. Data were analyzed by non-parametric statistical methods using Kruskal-Wallis multi-sample test and Mann-Whitney U test. The following results were obtained: 1. Administration of STFL-benzene increased urinary phenol concentration in rats. 2. Urinary phenol concentration was increased logarithmically according to the dosage of benzene. 3. Excretion of phenol in urine was decreased when benzene and toluene were administered simultaneously compared with administering benzene alone. In Summary, these results reveal that administration of STEL of toluene has antagonistic effect of urinary excretion of benzene metabolite in rats.; Summary

Changes of the Blood Pressure and the Rulse Rate of the Rat after the Noise Exposure.: Jae Hoon Roh, Dong Chun Shin, Bong Suk Cha, Young Hahn Moon; Korean J Prev Med. 1984;17(1):239-244.

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Abstract PDF: The vascular reaction such as the indirect blood pressure and the pulse rate of the tail to the noise were examined in 8 naive Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. The sounds used in the experiment were 1KHz and 4 KHz, 95dB pure tone generated by Nagashima Audiometry. The indirect blood pressure and the pulse rate were checked at the rat tail by Polygraph at 5 minutes interval. The results were as follows: 1. The blood pressure and the pulse rate increased maximally 5 minutes after the exposure to both sounds. 2. The blood pressure and the pulse rate returned normal range within 20 minutes after the exposure of both sounds. 3. The increment of the blood pressure and the pulse rate was greater after the sound of 4KHz than after that of 1 KHz, but it wasn't statistically significant.; Summary

Alteration of Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity and Isozyme of Rat Tissues Treated with Trihalomethanes.: Dong Chun Shin; Korean J Prev Med. 1983;16(1):79-88.

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Abstract PDF: There has been some evidence concerning the fact that trihalomethanes(THMs), toxic chlorinated compounds, may be present in drinking water. One of the important methodologies to evaluate the toxicity of THMs is to determine enzyme alteration in experimental animal tissues after treatment. This study was intended to investigate how lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) of rat tissues is affected by administration of chloroform(CHCl3) and dichloromonobromomethane (CHCl2Br). THMs, high dose(1/10 LD50) or low dose(1/50 LD50) of CHCl3 or CHCl2Br were administered orally to experimental rates for 4 or 8 weeks. The treated groups of rats were sacrificed to determine LDH specific activity and isozyme pattern in various organs which were liver, thigh muscle, kidney and brain. The conclusions were obtained as follow: 1. Alteration of LDH activities and isozyme patterns were revealed before morphologic changes in tissues. 2. The LDH specific activities were increased significantly in liver and brain after administration of high concentrations of CHCl3 and CHCls2Br for 4 weeks respectively. Otherwise, they were decreased significantly in liver, muscle and kidney after administration for 8 weeks. 3. The isozyme activities of LDH-4 and LDH-5 were increased in muscle, brain, and especially the liver. 4. It was more distinct for the decrement of LDH H-type isozyme than the increment of M-type isozyme in muscle.; Summary

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