1Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
2Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest associated with the material presented in this paper.
Database1 | Keywords for search |
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PubMed/MEDLINE | ("costs and cost analysis"[MeSH terms] OR "cost benefit analysis"[MeSH terms] OR "cost effectiveness" OR "cost utility") AND ("telemedicine"[MeSH terms] OR telecare OR telehealth OR e-health) AND Japan |
Web of Science | TS = ("cost$analysis" OR "cost*benefit" OR "cost*effectiveness" OR "cost*utility" OR "economic evaluation") AND TS = (telemedicine OR tele*care OR tele*health OR e*health) AND TS = (Japan*) |
IEEE Xplore | ("cost analysis" OR "cost benefit" OR "cost effectiveness" OR "cost utility" OR "economic evaluation") AND (telemedicine OR telec are OR telehealth OR e-health) AND Japan |
Ichushi-Web2 | (in Japanese) Within "Original Article" category, used ("cost analysis" OR "cost benefit" OR "cost effectiveness" OR "cost utility" OR "economic evaluation") AND (telemedicine OR telecare OR telehealth OR e-health) |
CiNii Articles2 | (in Japanese) ("cost analysis" OR "cost benefit" OR "cost effectiveness" OR "cost utility" OR "economic evaluation") AND (telemedicine OR telecare OR telehealth OR e-health) |
Author (published year) [Ref] language | Service setting & location | Clinical discipline | Study design | Econ Eval type | Quality assess1 | Perspective | Time horizon (discount) depreciation | Sample size | Cost measurement | Consequence measurement | Key findings (SA) | Funding source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hashimoto et al. (2001) [34] ENG | MD-MDIive consultation rural hospitals | Emergency radiotherapy | ProsCoh | CBA | 6/3 | Health care system | 1 y (no need) Not specified | 1073 | Initial system and operational costs for one university hospital and 10 rural hospitals including consultation fee | Recovery rate of non-ambulant patients, % of avoiding hospitalization | Cost-saving 4.67<BCR<13.4 | Not specified |
SA: not perfumed | ||||||||||||
Takada et al. (2003) [37] ENG | MD-MDIive consultation rural hospitals | Diagnostic radiology | DiagAcc | CMA | 6/3 | Health provider | 1 y (no need) Not specified | 500 | Only cost of films used for diagnosis and consultation fees are shown | Diagnosis accuracy, % of avoiding unnecessary enhanced CT | Cost-saving ($144 per reading) | Not specified |
No initial cost shown | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Dekio et al. (2010) [35] ENG | MD-MDIive consultation rural hospitals | Dermatology | DiagAcc | CMA | 9/1 | Health provider | 1 wk (no need) Not specified | 107 | Initial system cost and monthly costs including medical staff’s fees, travel costs, and overhead office fee | Screen image diagnoses, travel time and cost saved | Cost-saving BCR = 1.53 (when travel/consultation time = 60 min/5 min) ($330 saving per case per week)2 | MEXT |
SA: 2-way | ||||||||||||
Tanikawa et al. (2010) [49] JPN | MD-MDIive consultation rural clinics | Pediatric primary care | Survey | WTP estimation | 2/7 | Societal | 1 d (no need) Not specified | 263 | N/A | Patients’ WTP for telemedicine use between remote primary pediatrician and university hospital | WTP = $31-34 per emergency department visit | Not specified |
SA: not perfumed | ||||||||||||
Miyahara et al. (2006) [38] ENG | MD-MD stored nation-wide | Teleradiology, telepathology | Survey | WTP estimation | 1/8 | Health provider | 1 y (no need) Not specified | 622 | N/A | Medical institutions’ WTP, for teleradiology, pathology, consultation (MD-MD) | WTP=$489 per person per year for teleradiology, $1063 for telepathology | MEXT, Postal |
Saving Funds | ||||||||||||
SA: not perfumed | ||||||||||||
Tsuji et al. (2006) [39] ENG | MD-MD stored nation-wide | Teleradiology, telepathology | Survey | WTP estimation | 1/8 | Health provider | 1 y (no need) Not specified | 622 | N/A | Medical institutions’ WTP, for teleradiology, pathology, consultation (MD-MD) | WTP=$510 per person per year for teleradiology, $1111 for telepathology | JSPS, MHLW, |
Okawa | ||||||||||||
Telecom | ||||||||||||
Fecundation, | ||||||||||||
Postal Saving | ||||||||||||
SA: not perfumed | Funds | |||||||||||
Aoki et al. (2006) [36] ENG | MD-Pt live rural home | Palliative care | RetCoh | CMA | 9/0 | Health care system | 1 y (no need) | 100 | Initial system cost and monthly costs including medical staff’s fees and travel costs. | Patients' satisfaction (qualitative), travel time and cost saved | BCR = 1.93 ($5000 saving per case per year)3 | MHLW |
5 y depreciation | SA: 1-way and 2-way | |||||||||||
Tsuji et al. (2002) [48] JPN | MD-Pt, stored rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | RetCoh | CBA | 8/2 | Societal | 6-11 y (4%) | 405 | Initial system and device cost and operational costs including labor fees. | Users’ health consciousness, anxiety, and WTP for telehomecare service | Cost-saving | MHLW |
6y depreciaticDn | BCR (6 y)=1.07 | |||||||||||
BCR (11 y)=1.28 | ||||||||||||
SA: not perfumed | ||||||||||||
Tsuji et al. (2003) [40] ENG | MD-Pt stored rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | RetCoh | CBA | 8/2 | Societal | 6 y (4%) | 2333 | Initial system and device cost and operational costs including labor fees. | Users’ health consciousness, anxiety, and WTP for telehomecare service | BCR in 4 regions ranged from 0.54 to 1.07 | MEXT |
6y depreciaticDn | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Ito et al. (2003) [46] JPN | MD-Pt stored rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | Survey | WTP estimation | 2/7 | Societal | 1 mo (no need) | 498 | N/A | Users’ health consciousness, anxiety, and WTP for telehomecare service | WTP=$288 per case per year for telehomecare; no difference between 2 towns after adjustment | Not specified |
Not specified | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Osaka et al. (2003) [47] JPN | MD-Pt stored rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | Survey | WTP estimation | 1/8 | Societal | 1 mo (no need) | 348 | N/A | Users’ health consciousness, anxiety, and WTP for telehomecare service | WTP=$480 per case per year for telehome care | Not specified |
Not specified | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Tsuji et al. (2003) [41] ENG | MD-Pt, stored rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | Survey | WTP estimation | 1/8 | Societal | 1 mo (no need) | 348 | N/A | Users’ health consciousness, anxiety, and WTP for telehomecare service | WTP=$520 per case per year for telehome care | MEXT |
Not specified | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Homma et al. (2012) [42] ENG | MD-Pt stored urban home | Elderly with chronic diseases | Survey | WTP estimation | 1/8 | Societal | 1 mo (no need) | 102 | N/A | Users’ WTP for monitoring service | WTP=$109 per case per year for chronic care | Omron Health Care Co. |
Not specified | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Akematsu et al. (2009) [43] ENG | PhNrs-Pt rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | RetCoh | Benefit estimation | 3/7 | Societal | 10 y (not applied) | 862 | N/A | Medical expenditure saved by telehomecare based on receipts data of NHI | Savings of $148 per case per year for outpatient care with lifestyle-related illness | MHLW, MEXT, JSPS |
Not specified | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Akematsu et al. (2010) [27] JPN | PhNrs-Pt rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | RetCoh | Benefit estimation | 3/6 | Societal | 1 y (no need) | 862 | N/A | Medical expenditure saved by telehomecare based on receipts data of NHI | Savings $212-371 per case per year for outpatient care with heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes | Not specified |
Not specified | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Akematsu et al. (2012) [44] ENG | PhNrs-Pt rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | RetCoh | Benefit estimation | 3/5 | Societal | 1 y (no need) | 408 | N/A | Medical expenditure saved by telehomecare based on receipts data of NHI | Savings of $247-387 per case per year for outpatient care with chronic diseases | Not specified |
Not specified | SA: not perfumed | |||||||||||
Akematsu et al. (2013) [45] ENG | PhNrs-Pt rural home | Elderly with chronic diseases | RetCoh | Benefit estimation | 3/7 | Societal | 9 y (no need) | 519 | N/A | Medical expenditure saved by telehomecare based on receipts data of NHI | Savings of $629 per case per year for outpatient care with chronic diseases | Not specified |
Not specified | SA: not perfumed |
Ref, reference number; Econ, economic; Eval, evaluation; SA, sensitivity analysis; ENG, English; JPN, Japanese; N/A, not applicable; NHI, National Health Insurance; BCR, benefit-to-cost ratio; CT, computed tomography; MD, medical doctor; Pt, patient, PhNrs, public health nurse; ProsCoh, prospective cohort; DiagAcc, diagnostic accuracy study; RetCoh, retrospective cohort; CBA, cost-benefit analysis; CMA, cost-minimization analysis; WTP, willingness-to-pay; MEXT, Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture Sports, Science and Technology; MHLW, Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare; JSPS, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
1 Quality assessment of Econ Eval: (total number of “yes”/ total number of “no”) of assessment criteria in the checklist in Table 2, (yes/no) detailed in Table 4.
2 Difference between “live interactive teledermatology” and “conventional clinic.”
3 Difference between “telepalliative care combined homecare” and “homecare with eight physician visits per month, without telemedicine” when 10 patients treated simultaneously.