Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest with the material presented in this paper.
Complications (−) | Complications (+) | p-value | Complications (−) | Complications (+) | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||||
Sex | <0.001 | Health insurance premium level in 20071,2 | 0.18 | |||||
Male | 18 286 (52.7) | 4165 (49.5) | 1 | 6141 (17.8) | 1488 (17.7) | |||
Female | 16 317 (47.3) | 4234 (50.4) | 2 | 5377 (15.5) | 1228 (14.6) | |||
Age | <0.001 | 3 | 6380 (18.4) | 1548 (18.5) | ||||
30-39 | 2969 (8.6) | 337 (4.0) | 4 | 7689 (22.2) | 1865 (22.2) | |||
40-49 | 8848 (25.6) | 1399 (16.7) | 5 | 9002 (26.0) | 2269 (27.0) | |||
50-59 | 10 889 (31.5) | 2437 (29.0) | Medication possession ratio for 2008 (%)1 | 0.001 | ||||
60-69 | 7544 (21.8) | 2452 (29.2) | ||||||
70-79 | 3512 (10.1) | 1430 (17.0) | <80 | 14 934 (48.8) | 3548 (46.5) | |||
≥80 | 841 (2.4) | 344 (4.1) | ≥80 | 15 686 (51.2) | 4082 (53.5) | |||
Charlson comorbidity index in 2007 | <0.001 | No. of visited clinics for 20081 | <0.001 | |||||
0 | 21 302 (61.6) | 4936 (58.8) | 1 | 24 653 (72.5) | 5422 (65.1) | |||
1 | 2262 (6.5) | 732 (8.7) | 2 | 7033 (20.7) | 2042 (24.5) | |||
2 | 8854 (25.6) | 2079 (24.8) | 3 | 1726 (5.1) | 605 (7.3) | |||
≥3 | 2185 (6.3) | 652 (7.8) | ≥4 | 597 (1.8) | 257 (3.1) | |||
Hypertension and dyslipidemia in 2007 | <0.001 | Quarterly continuity for 20081 | <0.001 | |||||
None | 9981 (28.8) | 1824 (21.7) | 1 | 5653 (16.3) | 1039 (12.4) | |||
Hypertension | 11 827 (34.2) | 3269 (38.9) | 2 | 3180 (9.2) | 656 (7.8) | |||
Dyslipidemia | 4067 (11.8) | 742 (8.8) | 3 | 3285 (9.5) | 805 (9.6) | |||
Both | 8728 (25.2) | 2564 (30.5) | 4 | 22 485 (65.0) | 5899 (70.2) |
n (%) | |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 22 451 (52.21) |
Female | 20 551 (47.79) |
Age (y) | |
30-39 | 3306 (7.69) |
40-49 | 10 247 (23.83) |
50-59 | 13 326 (30.99) |
60-69 | 9996 (23.25) |
70-79 | 4942 (11.49) |
≥80 | 1185 (2.76) |
Charlson cormobidity index | |
0 | 26 238 (61.02) |
1 | 2994 (6.96) |
2 | 10 933 (25.42) |
≥3 | 2837 (6.6) |
Hypertension and dyslipidemia | |
None | 11 805 (27.45) |
Only hypertension | 15 096 (35.11) |
Only dyslipidemia | 4809 (11.18) |
Both | 11 292 (26.26) |
Health insurance premium level | |
1 | 7629 (17.75) |
2 | 6605 (15.37) |
3 | 7928 (18.44) |
4 | 9554 (22.23) |
5 | 11 271 (26.22) |
Complications (−) | Complications (+) | p-value | Complications (−) | Complications (+) | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||||
Sex | <0.001 | Health insurance premium level in 2007 |
0.18 | |||||
Male | 18 286 (52.7) | 4165 (49.5) | 1 | 6141 (17.8) | 1488 (17.7) | |||
Female | 16 317 (47.3) | 4234 (50.4) | 2 | 5377 (15.5) | 1228 (14.6) | |||
Age | <0.001 | 3 | 6380 (18.4) | 1548 (18.5) | ||||
30-39 | 2969 (8.6) | 337 (4.0) | 4 | 7689 (22.2) | 1865 (22.2) | |||
40-49 | 8848 (25.6) | 1399 (16.7) | 5 | 9002 (26.0) | 2269 (27.0) | |||
50-59 | 10 889 (31.5) | 2437 (29.0) | Medication possession ratio for 2008 (%) |
0.001 | ||||
60-69 | 7544 (21.8) | 2452 (29.2) | ||||||
70-79 | 3512 (10.1) | 1430 (17.0) | <80 | 14 934 (48.8) | 3548 (46.5) | |||
≥80 | 841 (2.4) | 344 (4.1) | ≥80 | 15 686 (51.2) | 4082 (53.5) | |||
Charlson comorbidity index in 2007 | <0.001 | No. of visited clinics for 2008 |
<0.001 | |||||
0 | 21 302 (61.6) | 4936 (58.8) | 1 | 24 653 (72.5) | 5422 (65.1) | |||
1 | 2262 (6.5) | 732 (8.7) | 2 | 7033 (20.7) | 2042 (24.5) | |||
2 | 8854 (25.6) | 2079 (24.8) | 3 | 1726 (5.1) | 605 (7.3) | |||
≥3 | 2185 (6.3) | 652 (7.8) | ≥4 | 597 (1.8) | 257 (3.1) | |||
Hypertension and dyslipidemia in 2007 | <0.001 | Quarterly continuity for 2008 |
<0.001 | |||||
None | 9981 (28.8) | 1824 (21.7) | 1 | 5653 (16.3) | 1039 (12.4) | |||
Hypertension | 11 827 (34.2) | 3269 (38.9) | 2 | 3180 (9.2) | 656 (7.8) | |||
Dyslipidemia | 4067 (11.8) | 742 (8.8) | 3 | 3285 (9.5) | 805 (9.6) | |||
Both | 8728 (25.2) | 2564 (30.5) | 4 | 22 485 (65.0) | 5899 (70.2) |
Variables | Coefficient | SE | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
MPR (%) | ||||
<80 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 1.06 (0.99, 1.14) | 0.06 |
≥80 | 1.00 (reference) | - | ||
No. of visited clinics | ||||
1 | 1.00 (reference) | - | ||
2 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 1.23 (1.16, 1.31) | <0.001 |
3 | 0.37 | 0.05 | 1.45 (1.31, 1.60) | <0.001 |
≥4 | 0.56 | 0.08 | 1.75 (1.50, 2.04) | <0.001 |
Quarterly continuity | ||||
1 | -0.01 | 0.05 | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 0.88 |
2 | -0.04 | 0.05 | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | 0.46 |
3 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) | 0.66 |
4 | 1.00 (reference) | - |
The complications evaluated in this study were ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke. There are missing data related to these indices. Health insurance premium level 1 includes Medicaid patients.
Adjusted for sex, age, Charlson comorbidity index, and hypertension/dyslipidemia. SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MPR, medication possession ratio.