Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Article

Effects of the Out-of-pocket Payment Exemption in the Public Health Center on Medical Utilization of the Korean Elderly: Kiryong Nam, Eunhye Park, Yuhjin Chung, Chang-yup Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(6):455-464. Published online October 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.341

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Objectives
The distribution of hospitals in Korea is unbalanced in terms of accessibility. Many local public health centers (PHCs) exempt out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) based on local government laws to increase coverage. However, this varies across administrative regions, as many make this exemption for the elderly, while others do not. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the OOP exemption at local PHCs among elderly individuals.
Methods
This study used online data on Korean national law to gather information on individual local governments’ regulations regarding OOP exemptions. Individual-level data were gathered from the 2018 Community Health Survey and regional-level data from public online sources.
Results
The study analyzed 132 regions and 44 918 elderly people. A statistical analysis of rate differences and 2-level multiple logistic regression were carried out. The rate difference according to whether elderly individuals resided in areas with the OOP exemption was 1.97%p (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 2.88) for PHC utilization, 1.37%p (95% CI, 0.67 to 2.08) for hypertension treatment, and 2.19%p (95% CI, 0.63 to 3.74) for diabetes treatment. The regression analysis showed that OOP exemption had an effect on hypertension treatment, with a fixed-effect odds ratio of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.48).
Conclusions
The OOP exemption at PHCs can affect medical utilization in Korea, especially for hypertension treatment. The OOP exemption should be expanded to improve healthcare utilization in Korea.

Summary

Citations

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Access of older people to primary health care in low and middle-income countries: A systematic scoping review
Saydeh Dableh, Kate Frazer, Diarmuid Stokes, Thilo Kroll, Dirceu Henrique Paulo Mabunda
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(4): e0298973. CrossRef

COVID-19: Perspective

Beyond SARS-CoV-2: Lessons That African Governments Can Apply in Preparation for Possible Future Epidemics: Mary Aigbiremo Oboh, Semeeh Akinwale Omoleke, Christian Eseigbe Imafidon, Olumide Ajibola, Eniyou Cheryll Oriero, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(5):307-310. Published online August 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.259

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Abstract PDF

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems, even in advanced economies. While the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa compared to other continents has so far been low, there are concerns about under-reporting, inadequate diagnostic tools, and insufficient treatment facilities. Moreover, proactiveness on the part of African governments has been under scrutiny. For instance, issues have emerged regarding the responsiveness of African countries in closing international borders to limit trans-continental transmission of the virus. Overdependence on imported products and outsourced services could have contributed to African governments’ hesitation to shut down international air and seaports. In this era of emerging and re-emerging pathogens, we recommend that African nations should consider self-sufficiency in the health sector as an urgent priority, as this will not be the last outbreak to occur. In addition to the Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement fund (US$600 million) provided by the World Bank for strengthening health systems and disease surveillance, each country should further establish an epidemic emergency fund for epidemic preparedness and response. We also recommend that epidemic surveillance units should create a secure database of previous and ongoing pandemics in terms of aetiology, spread, and treatment, as well as financial management records. Strategic collection and analysis of data should also be a central focus of these units to facilitate studies of disease trends and to estimate the scale of requirements in preparation and response to any future pandemic or epidemic.

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Evaluation de la capacité de préparation et de riposte aux urgences sanitaires du Sénégal
Bernard Sawadogo, Babacar Fall, Babacar Ndoye, Ibrahim Sonko, Delia Akosua Bandoh, Ernest Kenu, Virgil Lokossou
Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Climate Change: Perspective

Characteristics of Heat Waves From a Disaster Perspective: Do-Woo Kim, Chaeyoung Kwon, Jineun Kim, Jong-Seol Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):26-28. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.315

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Abstract Summary PDF

In September 2018, heat waves were declared to be a type of natural disaster by the Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety. The present study examined the characteristics of heat waves from the perspectives of meteorological phenomena and health damage. The government’s efforts to minimize the damages incurred by heat waves are summarized chronologically. Furthermore, various issues pertaining to heat waves that are being raised in our society despite the government’s efforts are summarized by analyzing big data derived from reported news and academic articles.

Summary

Korean summary
2018년 9월, 폭염이 재난 및 안전 관리 기본법 상 자연재난의 한 유형으로 명시되었다. 본 연구는 다른 자연재난들과 구별되는 폭염 재난의 특징들을 기상학적과 보건학적 측면으로 나누어 제시하였다. 또한 폭염 피해를 줄이기 위한 그간 정부의 각종 노력들을 시간순서대로 정리하였으며, 뉴스와 논문 빅데이터 분석을 통해 최근에 우리사회에서 폭염과 관련된 어떤 이슈들이 떠오르고 있는지도 살펴보았다.

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The Evaluation of the Temperature Reduction Effects of Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements as Urban Heatwave Mitigation Strategies
Sunmin Lee, Young-Il Cho, Moung-Jin Lee, Young-Shin Lim
Applied Sciences.2023; 13(20): 11451. CrossRef
Heatwaves in Southern Armenia in the context of climate change
Hrachuhi Galstyan, Babak Shiri, Tatevik Safaryan
International Journal of Climatology.2022; 42(6): 3431. CrossRef
Health status of women affected by homelessness: A cluster of in concreto human rights violations and a time for action
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Maturitas.2021; 154: 31. CrossRef
Climate Change and Health: More Research Is Still Needed
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Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2020; 53(1): 1. CrossRef

Original Article

Association Between Local Government Social Expenditures and Mortality Levels in Korea: Hansoo Ko, Jinseob Kim, Donggil Kim, Saerom Kim, Yukyung Park, Chang-yup Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(1):1-9. Published online January 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.1.1

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

We examined the association between social expenditures of the local government and the mortality level in Korea, 2004 to 2010.

Methods

We used social expenditure data of 230 local governments during 2004 to 2010 from the Social Expenditure Database prepared by the Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Fixed effect panel data regression analysis was adopted to look for associations between social expenditures and age-standardized mortality and the premature death index.

Results

Social expenditures of local governments per capita was not significantly associated with standardized mortality but was associated with the premature death index (decline of 1.0 [for males] and 0.5 [for females] for each expenditure of 100 000 Korean won, i.e., approximately 100 US dollar). As an index of the voluntary effort of local governments, the self-managed project ratio was associated with a decline in the standardized mortality in females (decline of 0.4 for each increase of 1%). The share of health care was not significant.

Conclusions

There were associations between social expenditures of the local government and the mortality level in Korea. In particular, social expenditures per capita were significantly associated with a decline in premature death. However, the voluntary efforts of local governments were not significantly related to the decline in premature death.

Summary

Citations

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Public health management: systemic analysis of social determinants of health in Brazilian municipalities
Francisco Carlos Carvalho de Melo, Rodolfo Ferreira Ribeiro da Costa, Jansen Maia Del Corso
Health Policy and Planning.2020; 35(2): 123. CrossRef
The effect of contextual factors on unintentional injury hospitalization: from the Korea National Hospital Discharge Survey
Hye Ah Lee, Hyejin Han, Seonhwa Lee, Bomi Park, Bo Hyun Park, Won Kyung Lee, Ju Ok Park, Sungok Hong, Young Taek Kim, Hyesook Park
BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

English Abstracts

A Study of Factors Related to Korean Physicians' Trust in the Government: On the Target for Board Members of Physicians' Associations.: Sunhee Lee, Gunmo Yang, Juhyun Seo, Juhye Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(5):411-422.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.5.411

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Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the factors related to Korean physicians' trust in the government. METHODS: We used structured questionnaires that were composed of multidimensional scales for each of the various categories. RESULTS: The recognition levels of trust of the government by Korean physicians were not high, and they ranged from 3.6 to 4.8 for ten scales. The factors related to trust in the government were categorized into seven factors on the basis of a factor analysis. On the regression analysis, a positive relationship was found between "the individual propensity to trust" and trust in the government, while a negative relationship was found between "the recognition level regarding the government as an authoritarian power" and trust in the government. "Confidence about participation in the policy process" as internal efficacy and "belief in governmental ability and motivation toward public demand" as external efficacy also showed a strong positive relationship with trust in the government. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, we can draw the conclusion that making efforts to improve the recognition level of trust in the government among physicians is an important policy task. To increase the trust level, participation of physicians in the policy process in various ways and open communication between the physicians'associations and the government should be facilitated.

Summary

Citations

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The Relationship between Trust in Healthcare System and Health Examination Participation
Baek-Geun Jeong, In-Kyoung Hwang, Hae-Sook Sohn, Kwang-Wook Koh, Tae-Ho Yoon, Jeong-Hun Lim
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2010; 35(4): 395. CrossRef

Opportunities and Challenges for both National and International Public Health Area: The Public Health Sector in Government.: Dae Kyu Oh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2006;39(4):289-292.

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Abstract PDF: To inform choices about the future of people who study public health and preventive medicine, the current status of public health is examined in terms of the public health sector in government. After tracing the major achievements of public health in the modern era, this paper explores the potential of public health and its core functions, which is realized by public health professionals working in the government sector. Finally, this article highlights the international dimension of public health, which is becoming increasingly important and therefore attracting many people who would like to take part.; Summary

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