Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Special Article

Introduction of Vaccinomics to Develop Personalized Vaccines in Light of Changes in the Usage of Hantaan Virus Vaccine (Hantavax^®) in Korea: Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(5):277-280. Published online August 7, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.018

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea made an official announcement in March 2018 that the total number of inoculations of Hantaan virus vaccine (Hantavax^®) would change from 3 to 4. Some aspects of this decision remain controversial. Based on the characteristics of Hantaan virus (HTNV) and its role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, it might be difficult to develop an effective and safe HTNV vaccine through the isolate-inactivate-inject paradigm. With the development of high-throughput ‘omics’ technologies in the 21st century, vaccinomics has been introduced. While the goal of vaccinomics is to develop equations to describe and predict the immune response, it could also serve as a tool for developing new vaccine candidates and individualized approaches to vaccinology. Thus, the possibility of applying the innovative field of vaccinomics to develop a more effective and safer HTNV vaccine should be considered.

Summary

Korean summary
신증후출혈열 (Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)를 예방하기 위한 백신들이 여러 가지로 개발 중에 있지만, 한탄 바이러스 (Hantaan virus) 의 병원체 특성과 HFRS의 임상적 특성으로 효과적이고 안전한 백신 개발을 어렵게 하고 있다. 투여할 백신에 대한 ‘면역과정을 이해하고 백신효능을 예측하여’ 백신개발에 활용하는 백신체학의 적용을 적극 강구할 필요가 있다.

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Safety and Immunogenicity of an Andes Virus DNA Vaccine by Needle-Free Injection: A Randomized, Controlled Phase 1 Study
Grant C Paulsen, Robert Frenck, Kay M Tomashek, Rodolfo M Alarcon, Elizabeth Hensel, Ashley Lowe, Rebecca L Brocato, Steve A Kwilas, Matthew D Josleyn, Jay W Hooper
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2024; 229(1): 30. CrossRef
Zoonotic Hantaviridae with Global Public Health Significance
Rui-Xu Chen, Huan-Yu Gong, Xiu Wang, Ming-Hui Sun, Yu-Fei Ji, Su-Mei Tan, Ji-Ming Chen, Jian-Wei Shao, Ming Liao
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Current Challenges in Vaccinology
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Original Articles

Incidence of Scarlet Fever in Children in Jeju Province, Korea, 2002-2016: An Age-period-cohort Analysis: Jinhee Kim, Ji-Eun Kim, Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(3):188-194. Published online April 24, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.299

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Outbreaks of scarlet fever in Mexico in 1999, Hong Kong and mainland China in 2011, and England in 2014-2016 have received global attention, and the number of notified cases in Korean children, including in Jeju Province, has also increased since 2010. To identify relevant hypotheses regarding this emerging outbreak, an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis of scarlet fever incidence was conducted among children in Jeju Province, Korea.
Methods
This study analyzed data from the nationwide insurance claims database administered by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The inclusion criteria were children aged ≤14 years residing in Jeju Province, Korea who received any form of healthcare for scarlet fever from 2002 to 2016. The age and year variables were categorized into 5 groups, respectively. After calculating the crude incidence rate (CIR) for age and calendar year groups, the intrinsic estimator (IE) method was applied to conduct the APC analysis.
Results
In total, 2345 cases were identified from 2002 to 2016. Scarlet fever was most common in the 0-2 age group, and boys presented more cases than girls. Since the CIR decreased with age between 2002 and 2016, the age and period effect decreased in all observed years. The IE coefficients suggesting a cohort effect shifted from negative to positive in 2009.
Conclusions
The results suggest that the recent outbreak of scarlet fever among children in Jeju Province might be explained through the cohort effect. As children born after 2009 showed a higher risk of scarlet fever, further descriptive epidemiological studies are needed.

Summary

Korean summary
제주도 아동의 성홍열 발생건수의 증가는 출생코호트 효과에 기인한 것으로, 특히 2009년도 이후 출생자의 발생률 증가가 있었다. 기존 연구와 다른 점은, 성홍열 환자 발생률이 가장 높은 연령대가 0-2세라는 점이다. 이에 대한 추가적인 기술역학연구가 필요하다.

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Epidemiological analysis of Group A streptococcus infection diseases among children in Beijing, China under COVID-19 pandemic
Hongxin Li, Lin Zhou, Yong Zhao, Lijuan Ma, Haihua Zhang, Yan Liu, Xiaoyan Liu, Jin Hu
BMC Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Outbreaks of scarlet fever in kindergartens in Belgrade
Sonja Giljača, Slavica Maris, Nataša Rančić, Milutin Mrvaljević, Zorica Mrvaljević
Zdravstvena zastita.2022; 51(1): 57. CrossRef
Forecasting the monthly incidence of scarlet fever in Chongqing, China using the SARIMA model
W. W. Wu, Q. Li, D. C. Tian, H. Zhao, Y. Xia, Y. Xiong, K. Su, W. G. Tang, X. Chen, J. Wang, L. Qi
Epidemiology and Infection.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Recent increase in pertussis incidence in Korea: an age-period-cohort analysis
Chanhee Kim, Seonju Yi, Sung-il Cho
Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021053. CrossRef
Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Scarlet Fever in Zhejiang Province, China, 2004–2018
Qinbao Lu, Haocheng Wu, Zheyuan Ding, Chen Wu, Junfen Lin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(18): 3454. CrossRef

Seroreactivity to Q Fever Among Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea: Hyuk Chu, Seok-Ju Yoo, Kyu-Jam Hwang, Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee, Mi-Yeoun Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(3):195-200. Published online May 11, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.017

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Q fever is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide; however, little is known about its prevalence in South Korea. We attempted to determine the prevalence of Q fever seroreactivity among Korean slaughterhouse workers and the risk factors for seroreactivity according to the type of work.
Methods
The study was conducted among 1503 workers at a total of 73 slaughterhouses and 62 residual-product disposal plants. During the study period, sites were visited and surveys were administered to employees involved in slaughterhouse work, and serological tests were performed on blood samples by indirect immunofluorescence assays. Serological samples were grouped by job classification into those of slaughter workers, residual-product handlers, inspectors and inspection assistants, and grading testers and testing assistants. Employee risk factors were analyzed according to the type of work.
Results
Out of 1481 study subjects who provided a blood sample, 151 (10.2%) showed reactive antibodies. When these results were analyzed in accordance with the type of work, the result of slaughter workers (11.3%) was similar to the result of residual-product handlers (11.4%), and the result of inspectors and assistants (5.3%) was similar to the result of grading testers and assistants (5.4%). Among those who answered in the affirmative to the survey question, “Has there been frequent contact between cattle blood and your mouth while working?” the proportions were 13.4 and 4.6%, respectively, and this was identified as a risk factor that significantly varied between job categories among slaughterhouse workers.
Conclusions
This study found a Q fever seroreactivity rate of 10.2% for slaughterhouse workers, who are known to be a high-risk population. Contact with cattle blood around the mouth while working was the differential risk factor between job categories among slaughterhouse workers.

Summary

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with Q fever infection in slaughterhouse workers in Fars province, Iran
Alireza Zakeri, Maryam Montaseri, Seyed Shahram Shekarforoush
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2023; 96(4): 597. CrossRef
First report of an outbreak of “Q” fever IN an abattoir from Argentina
Natalia Marina Cardillo, Reginaldo Bastos, Araceli García, Rosendo Pérez, Ezequiel García, Susana Lloveras, Carlos Suarez
Zoonoses and Public Health.2023; 70(8): 674. CrossRef
Seroepidemiologic evidence of Q fever and associated factors among workers in veterinary service laboratory in South Korea
Dilaram Acharya, Ji-Hyuk Park, Jeong-Hoon Chun, Mi Yeon Kim, Seok-Ju Yoo, Antoine Lewin, Kwan Lee, José Reck
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(2): e0010054. CrossRef
Exposure of South African Abattoir Workers to Coxiella burnetii
Liesl De Boni, Sumaya Mall, Veerle Msimang, Alex de Voux, Jennifer Rossouw, John Frean
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2022; 7(2): 28. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in a dairy cattle herd from the Al Ain region, United Arab Emirates
Robert Barigye, Nabeeha Abdelgaleel D. Hassan, Ibrahim M. Abdalla Alfaki, Mike B. Barongo, Mohamed Elfatih H. Mohamed, Khaja Mohteshamuddin
Tropical Animal Health and Production.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroreactivity to Coxiella burnetii in an Agricultural Population and Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Ticks of a Non-Endemic Region for Q Fever in South Korea
Jeong-Rae Yoo, Mi-Sun Kim, Sang-Taek Heo, Hyun-Joo Oh, Jung-Hwan Oh, Seo-Young Ko, Jeong-Ho Kang, Sung-Kgun Lee, Woo-Seong Jeong, Gil-Myeong Seong, Hyun-Jung Lee, Chul-Hoo Kang, Ji-Hyun Moon, Keun-Hwa Lee, Sung-Wook Song
Pathogens.2021; 10(10): 1337. CrossRef
Isolation of Coxiella burnetii in patients with nonspecific febrile illness in South Korea
Seung Hun Lee, Jae Hoon Lee, Sungdo Park, Hae Kyung Lee, Seon Do Hwang, Hye Won Jeong, Jung Yeon Heo, Yeong Seon Lee
BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Coxiella burnetiiinfection in humans: to what extent do cattle in infected areas free from small ruminants play a role?
M. Pouquet, N. Bareille, R. Guatteo, L. Moret, F. Beaudeau
Epidemiology and Infection.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Hepatitis in slaughterhouse workers
Hassan Tariq, Muhammad Umar Kamal, Jasbir Makker, Sara Azam, Usman Ali Pirzada, Vaniza Mehak, Kishore Kumar, Harish Patel
World Journal of Hepatology.2019; 11(1): 37. CrossRef
Clinical characteristics of acute Q fever patients in South Korea and time from symptom onset to serologic diagnosis
Jung Yeon Heo, Young Wha Choi, Eun Jin Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Seung Kwan Lim, Seon Do Hwang, Ju Young Lee, Hye Won Jeong
BMC Infectious Diseases.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Serologic Survey and Risk Factors forCoxiella burnetiiInfection among Dairy Cattle Farmers in Korea
Ji-Hyuk Park, Hyuk Chu, Seok-Ju Yoo, Kyu-Jam Hwang, Hyun-Sul Lim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroreactivity and Risk Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection among Cattle Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea
Ji-Hyuk Park, Seon Hwang, Dilaram Acharya, Seung Lee, Kyu Hwang, Seok-Ju Yoo, Kwan Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(10): 2264. CrossRef

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Outbreak in the Basic Military Training Camp of the Republic of Korea Air Force: Won-Ju Park, Seok-Ju Yoo, Suk-Ho Lee, Jae-Woo Chung, Keun-Ho Jang, Jai-Dong Moon; J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(1):10-17. Published online January 14, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.037

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
An outbreak of acute febrile illness occurred in the Republic of Korea Air Force boot camp from May to July 2011. An epidemiological investigation of the causative agent, which was of a highly infective nature, was conducted.
Methods
Throat swabs were carried out and a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed to identify possible causative factors.
Results
The mean age of patients who had febrile illness during the study period was 20.24 years. The multiplex RT-PCR assay identified respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as the causative agent. The main symptoms were sore throat (76.0%), sputum (72.8%), cough (72.1%), tonsillar hypertrophy (67.9%), and rhinorrhea (55.9%). The mean temperature was 38.75°C and the attack rate among the recruits was 15.7% (588 out of 3750 recruits), while the mean duration of fever was 2.3 days. The prognosis was generally favorable with supportive care but recurrent fever occurred in 10.1% of the patients within a month.
Conclusions
This is the first epidemiological study of an RSV outbreak that developed in a healthy young adult group. In the event of an outbreak of an acute febrile illness of a highly infective nature in facilities used by a young adult group, RSV should be considered among the possible causative agents.

Summary

Citations

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Respiratory syncytial virus infection and the need for immunization in Korea
Hye Young Kim, Ki Wook Yun, Hee Jin Cheong, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Expert Review of Vaccines.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
COVID-19 outbreak in a military unit in Korea
Chanhee Kim, Young-Man Kim, Namwoo Heo, Eunjung Park, Sojin Choi, Sehyuk Jang, Nayoung Kim, Donghyok Kwon, Young-Joon Park, Byeongseop Choi, Beomman Ha, Kyounghwa Jung, Changbo Park, Sejin Park, Heeyoung Lee
Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021065. CrossRef

Laboratory-Acquired Infections with Hantavirus at a Research Unit of Medical School in Seoul, 1996.: Soo Hun Cho, Young Su Ju, Daehee Kang, Suhnggwon Kim, Ik Sang Kim, Sung Tae Hong; Korean J Prev Med. 1999;32(3):269-275.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
In April 6, 1996, a male researcher who has worked at a research unit at the Basic Research Building of Seoul National University(SNU) College of Medicine admitted to SNU Hospital due to persistent fever. He was diagnosed serologically as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS). Another female researcher in the same unit was also diagnosed as HFRS at the same hospital several days later. Epidemic investigation of HFRS was conducted to determine the magnitude of the problems since these two cases were strongly suspected to have laboratory-acquired infections of HFRS. METHODS: All researchers and employees working at the Basic Research Building(BRB) of SNU College of Medicine as of April 1, 1996 were recruited for the study. Information on symptoms of HFRS and history of contact to experimental animals were collected by self-administered questionnaires and serological tests among study subjects were also conducted by indirect immunofluorescent antibody(IFA) to hantavirus. The experimental animals were also serologically tested for infection with hantavirus by IFA. RESULTS: Among 218 surveyed, six researchers and an animal caretaker had hantavirus antibodies above 1:20 in IFA titer. Five of seven sero-positive subjects had antibodies above 1:640 in IFA titer and had shown clinical symptoms compatible to HFRS during Jan. 1 to Apr. 20, 1996. The sero-positive persons had handled animals more frequently than sero-negative persons (OR, 19.68; 95% CI, 1.11 - 350.40) and handling animals at the animal quarter at School of Public Health(SPH) had shown consistently higher risk to get infected with hantavirus irrespective of types of animals handled (OR, 4.90 - 6.37). Sero-positivity of rats of the aniamal quarter at BRB was 30-60%, whereas 80% of rats at SPH tested were shown sero-positivity. CONCLUSION: There was a epidemic of HFRS in research units of a medical school during the period from Jan. through Apr. Further investigation is needed to determine the extent and the mode of transmission of the laboratory-acquired infection with hantavirus in other research facilities.; Summary

A Case of Metal Fume Fever Associated with Copper Fume in a Welder.: Hyun Sul Lim, hae Kwan Cheong; Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(3):414-423.

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Abstract PDF: Metal fume fever has been known as an occupational disease is induced by intense inhalation of fresh metal fume with a particle size smaller than 0.5 nm to 1 nm. The fumes originate from heating metals beyond their boiling point, as happens, for example, in welding operations. Oxidation usually accompanies this process. In most cases, this syndrome is due to exposure to zinc oxide fumes; however, other metals like copper, magnesium, cadmium, manganese, and antimony are also reported to produce such reactions. Authors report a case of metal fume fever suspected to be associated with copper fume inhalation. The patient was a 42-year-old male and was a smoker. He conducted inert gas tungsten arc welding on copper-coated materials without safety precautions such as a protective mask and adequate ventilation. Immediately after work, he felt metallic taste in his mouth. A few hours after welding, he developed headache, chilling sensation, and chest discomfort. He also complained of myalgia, arthralgia, feverish sensation, thirst, and general weakness. Symptoms worsened after repeated copper welding on the next day and subsided gradually following two weeks. Laboratory examination showed a transient increase of neutrophil count, eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and positive C-reactive proteinemia. Blood and urine copper level was also increased compared to his wife. Before this episode, he experienced above complaints several times after welding with copper materials but welding of other metals did not produce any symptoms. It was suggested that copper fume would have induced metal fume fever in this case. Further investigations are needed to clarify their pathogenic mechanisms.; Summary

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