Objectives Dry eye disease (DED) is an increasingly important public health problem in Korea. Previous studies conducted in Korea have reported inconsistent results regarding the protective effects of vitamin D on DED, and these discrepancies may be related to the relatively simple questionnaire that has been used. Thus, we evaluated the association of serum vitamin D levels with DED using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI).
Methods The present study evaluated data from participants in the Study Group for Environmental Eye Disease (2014-2015). This group included data from 752 participants, and data from 740 participants (253 men and 487 women) were analyzed in the present study. DED severity was evaluated using the OSDI.
Results Higher serum vitamin D levels were associated with a non-significantly reduced risk of DED in the crude analysis (odds ratio [OR], 0.991; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.971 to 1.011) and in the adjusted analysis (OR, 0.988; 95% CI, 0.966 to 1.010). In the crude analysis of no/mild DED vs. moderate/severe DED, men exhibited a decreased risk with increasing serum vitamin D levels (OR, 0.999; 95% CI, 0.950 to 1.051), while women exhibited an increased risk (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 0.979 to 1.027). In these analyses, we found no significant associations.
Conclusions The findings of the present study support previous reports that serum vitamin D levels are not associated with DED.
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Dry Eye Disease: What Is the Role of Vitamin D? Maurizio Rolando, Stefano Barabino International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(2): 1458. CrossRef
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 and tear film breakup time in dogs Youngsam Kim, Seonmi Kang, Kangmoon Seo Journal of Veterinary Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Vitamin D and eye: Current evidence and practice guidelines Bhavya Gorimanipalli, Rohit Shetty, Swaminathan Sethu, Pooja Khamar Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2023; 71(4): 1127. CrossRef
Serum Vitamin D Levels and Dry Eye Disease in Postmenopausal Women: A Case–Control Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Rural Haryana Diksha Malik, Renu Garg, Sumita Sethi, Rajiv Mahendru, Sanjeet Singh International Journal of Applied & Basic Medical Research.2023; 13(2): 83. CrossRef
Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review Hei-Nga Chan, Xiu-Juan Zhang, Xiang-Tian Ling, Christine Huyen-Trang Bui, Yu-Meng Wang, Patrick Ip, Wai-Kit Chu, Li-Jia Chen, Clement C. Tham, Jason C. Yam, Chi-Pui Pang International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(8): 4226. CrossRef
Oral vitamin D3 supplementation for femtosecond LASIK-associated dry eye vitamin D for LASIK dry eye syndrome Ying Lin, Huanjun Su, Jianbin Wu, Muzhi Yuan, Yong Zhang International Ophthalmology.2022; 42(10): 3145. CrossRef
Vitamin D, the Vitamin D Receptor, Calcitriol Analogues and Their Link with Ocular Diseases Miłosz Caban, Urszula Lewandowska Nutrients.2022; 14(11): 2353. CrossRef
Serum Vitamin D Levels and Status in Thai Optic Neuritis Subjects: A Case-Control Study Busayanut Puangsricharoen, Kavin Vanikieti, Panitha Jindahra, Tanyatuth Padungkiatsagul Clinical Ophthalmology.2022; Volume 16: 3381. CrossRef
Research on mechanism of vitamin A combined with regenerated oxidation-reducing nanomedicine in treating rats with dry eye Lei Shi, Ting-Yu Li, Liang-Yu Li, Bao-Ke Hou Materials Express.2022; 12(7): 886. CrossRef
Association Between Dyslipidemia and Dry Eye Syndrome Among the Korean Middle-Aged Population Hye Rin Choi, Jung Hyun Lee, Hyung Keun Lee, Jong Suk Song, Hyeon Chang Kim Cornea.2020; 39(2): 161. CrossRef
Association between vitamin D and dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Gholamreza Askari, Nahid Rafie, Maryam Miraghajani, Zahra Heidari, Arman Arab Contact Lens and Anterior Eye.2020; 43(5): 418. CrossRef
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with dry eye syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis Jing Liu, Yi Dong, Yan Wang Acta Ophthalmologica.2020; 98(8): 749. CrossRef
Nutrition and dry eye: a systematic review Isabel Signes-Soler, Jaime Javaloy Estañ Expert Review of Ophthalmology.2019; 14(3): 133. CrossRef