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9 "Yun-Chul Hong"
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Original Articles
Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea
Jongmin Oh, Youn-Hee Lim, Changwoo Han, Dong-Wook Lee, Jisun Myung, Yun-Chul Hong, Soontae Kim, Hyun-Joo Bae
J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):185-196.   Published online March 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.514
  • 2,432 View
  • 189 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Excess mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been documented. However, research on the disease burden following short-term exposure is scarce. We investigated the cause-specific mortality burden of short-term exposure to PM2.5 by considering the potential non-linear concentration–response relationship in Korea.
Methods
Daily cause-specific mortality rates and PM2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2019 were collected for 8 Korean cities and 9 provinces. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality levels. We assumed no detrimental health effects of PM2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m3. Overall deaths attributable to short-term PM2.5 exposure were estimated by summing the daily numbers of excess deaths associated with ambient PM2.5 exposure.
Results
Of the 2 749 704 recorded deaths, 2 453 686 (89.2%) were non-accidental, 591 267 (21.5%) were cardiovascular, and 141 066 (5.1%) were respiratory in nature. A non-linear relationship was observed between all-cause mortality and exposure to PM2.5 at lag0, whereas linear associations were evident for cause-specific mortalities. Overall, 10 814 all-cause, 7855 non-accidental, 1642 cardiovascular, and 708 respiratory deaths were attributed to short-term exposure to PM2.5. The estimated number of all-cause excess deaths due to short-term PM2.5 exposure in 2019 was 1039 (95% confidence interval, 604 to 1472).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate an association between short-term PM2.5 exposure and various mortality rates (all-cause, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Korea over the period from 2010 to 2019. Consequently, action plans should be developed to reduce deaths attributable to short-term exposure to PM2.5.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2010~2019년 한국의 초미세먼지 단기 노출로 인한 사망 부담을 추정하였으며 2010~2019년간, 초미세먼지 단기노출로 인한 전체원인 사망은 10,814명, 비사고 사망은 7,855명, 심혈관 사망은 1,642명, 호흡기 사망은 708명으로 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대기오염 관리, 규제, 정책 수립에 있어 도움을 줄 것으로 예상한다.
Key Message
- We estimated mortality burden attributable to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 in Korea from 2010 to 2019 - Over the 10-years study period, the estimated excess deaths due to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 totaled 10,814 for all-causes, 7,855 for non-accidental, 1,642 for cardiovascular disease, and 708 for respiratory disease. - Our findings can assist in air pollution management, regulation, and policy-making.
The Effects of Social Activities and Living Arrangements on Cognitive Functions in Middle-aged and Elderly Adults: A Panel Study Using the 2006-2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
Yoon-Jung Choi, Yun-Chul Hong, Young-Kyung Do
J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(6):395-403.   Published online October 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.384
  • 4,314 View
  • 211 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Previous studies have shown that participation in social activities (SA) can prevent cognitive decline (CD) and that living arrangements (LA) can affect cognitive function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SA and LA on CD, as well as their interactions, using longitudinal data.
Methods
Data were used from the 2006-2018 Korean Longitudinal Study for Aging, which followed 10 254 adults older than 45 years over a 12-year period. CD was defined as a ≥4-point score decrease in the Mini-Mental Status Exam over 2 years. We developed an extended Cox proportional hazards model for time-dependent covariates to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of CD in 4 groups: (1) socially active and living with others, (2) socially active and living alone, (3) socially inactive and living with others (SILO), and (4) socially inactive and living alone (SILA). The model was stratified by gender and adjusted for important confounders.
Results
The HR of CD was significantly higher in the SILO group in men (HR,1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.78) and in the SILA group in women (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.75). However, the interaction term for gender was not significant.
Conclusions
Among socially inactive elderly adults, the HR of CD was elevated in men who lived with others and in women who lived alone, although the interaction term for gender was not significant. Socially inactive men who live with others and socially inactive women who live alone are particularly encouraged to participate in SA to prevent CD.
Summary
Korean summary
고령화연구패널조사(KLoSA)(2006-2018)에 참여한 10,254명의 45세 이상 성인을 2년마다 추척하여 생존분석을 이용하여, 사회활동 참여여부와 독거 여부가 인지기능 저하에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 인지기능 저하는 2년동안 Mini-Mental Status Exam이 4점 이상 감소한 경우로 정의하였다. 그 결과 사회활동에 참여하지 않으면서 가족과 함께 사는 남성과, 사회활동에 참여하지 않으면서 혼자 사는 여성에서 인지기능 저하의 위험이 증가했다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Eight‐year trajectories and predictors of cognitive function in community‐dwelling Korean older adults with cardiovascular diseases
    Youn‐Jung Son, Da‐Young Kim, Yoon‐Gyeong Choi, Eun Young Kim
    Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2024; 56(1): 153.     CrossRef
  • ANÁLISE DO ESTADO COGNITIVO DE PESSOAS IDOSAS HOSPITALIZADAS
    Heloysa Waleska Soares Fernandes, Bárbara Maria Lopes da Silva Brandão, Tamires Paula Gomes Medeiros, Eduarda Cordeiro D'Oliveira Alves, Luana Rodrigues de Almeida, Rafaella Queiroga Souto
    Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme.2024; 97(4): e024263.     CrossRef
  • Is Formal Social Participation Associated with Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
    Cláudia Cunha, Gina Voss, Renato Andrade, Alice Delerue-Matos
    Behavioral Sciences.2024; 14(4): 262.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal Relationship Between Baseline Social Frailty and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: 14-Year Follow-Up Results From the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing
    Jae Jun Lee, Min Kyung Park, Namhee Kim, Layoung Kim, Gwang Suk Kim
    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2024; 25(9): 105124.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Cognitive Impairment on the Association Between Social Network Properties and Mortality Among Older Korean Adults
    Eunji Kim, Kiho Sung, Chang Oh Kim, Yoosik Youm, Hyeon Chang Kim
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(1): 31.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a ‘social activity program that encourages interaction’ on rural older people's psychosocial health: Mixed‐methods research
    Mami Kikuchi, Ryuta Onishi, Risa Takashima, Kazuko Saeki, Michiyo Hirano
    International Journal of Older People Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Green Space, Air Pollution, Weather, and Cognitive Function in Middle and Old Age in China
    Lingling Zhang, Ye Luo, Yao Zhang, Xi Pan, Dandan Zhao, Qing Wang
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Associations Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A, F, and S in 6-Year-old Children in Korea
Yoonyoung Jang, Yoon-Jung Choi, Youn-Hee Lim, Kyung-Shin Lee, Bung-Nyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(1):37-45.   Published online November 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.310
  • 7,911 View
  • 185 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children.
Methods
Prenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T3, and free T4) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations.
Results
The associations between prenatal BPA and total T3 levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T4 levels (-1.94%; 95% confidence interval, -3.82 to -0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only.
Conclusions
Our findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T3 levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T4 levels in girls only.
Summary
Korean summary
비스페놀 A의 건강위해성에 대한 역학적 근거들이 축적되어 비스페놀 A 대신 BPF와 BPS와 같은 대체물질이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 어머니의 산전 비스페놀 A 노출과 6세 어린이의 비스페놀 A, 비스페놀 F, 비스페놀 S 노출 정도에 따라 어린이의 갑상선호르몬 농도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가 보고자 하였다. 어머니의 산전 비스페놀 A 노출은 어린이의 total T3 농도에 유의하게 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 여자아이에게서 비스페놀 F 노출이 한 단위 증가할수록 free T4 농도가 유의하게 감소하는 것을 관찰하였다. 본 논문의 의의는 비스페놀 F, S가 어린이의 갑상선기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 역학적 근거를 제시하였다는 점이나, 인과적 연관성을 위해서는 시간적 선후관계를 고려한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Temporal and geographic variability of bisphenol levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international biomonitoring data
    Jonathan M. Acevedo, Linda G. Kahn, Kristyn A. Pierce, Anna Carrasco, Marissa Singer Rosenberg, Leonardo Trasande
    Environmental Research.2025; 264: 120341.     CrossRef
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    Ning Yuan, Jianbin Sun, Xin Zhao, Wei Li
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Francis Manyori Bigambo, Zhaofang Chen, Wentao Yang, Qian Huang, Xu Wang
    Food and Chemical Toxicology.2024; 189: 114750.     CrossRef
  • Maternal bisphenols exposure and thyroid function in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jiani Liu, Min Tian, Haiyue Qin, Danrong Chen, Sabitina Mrisho Mzava, Xu Wang, Francis Manyori Bigambo
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exposure of elementary school-aged Brazilian children to bisphenol A: association with demographic, social, and behavioral factors, and a worldwide comparison
    Priscilla R. S. Rocha, Hadassa S. R. P. Moura, Nadyellem G. Silva, Francisco A. R. Neves, Fernando F. Sodré, Angélica A. Amato
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Temporal trends in risk of bisphenol A, benzophenone-3 and triclosan exposure among U.S. children and adolescents aged 6–19 years: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016
    Ruiqiang Li, Wenqiang Zhan, Jingyi Ren, Fan Zhang, Xin Huang, Yuxia Ma
    Environmental Research.2023; 216: 114474.     CrossRef
  • A case-control study of urinary concentrations of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer
    Lei Zhang, Jiahuai Zhang, Sai Fan, Yuxin Zhong, Jingguang Li, Yunfeng Zhao, Song Ni, Jiaying Liu, Yongning Wu
    Chemosphere.2023; 312: 137162.     CrossRef
  • Transient developmental exposure to low doses of bisphenol F negatively affects neurogliogenesis and olfactory behaviour in adult mice
    Pieter Vancamp, Lucile Butruille, Anni Herranen, Anita Boelen, Jean-Baptiste Fini, Barbara A. Demeneix, Sylvie Remaud
    Environment International.2023; 172: 107770.     CrossRef
  • Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Korean General Population
    Myungsil Hwang, Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Applied Sciences.2023; 13(6): 3587.     CrossRef
  • The Joint Effects of Bisphenols and Iodine Exposure on Thyroid during Pregnancy
    Wei Lu, Zhuo Sun, Zhengyuan Wang, Mengying Qu, Zehuan Shi, Qi Song, Liping Shen, Shupeng Mai, Yuan Wang, Xinyu Hong, Jiajie Zang
    Nutrients.2023; 15(15): 3422.     CrossRef
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    Zhuanning Xia, Cheng Lv, Yan Zhang, Rong Shi, Qi Lu, Ying Tian, Xiaoning Lei, Yu Gao
    Chemosphere.2023; 341: 139973.     CrossRef
  • Association of urinary bisphenols with thyroid function in the general population: a cross-sectional study of an industrial park in China
    Yang Hu, Shiming Lai, Ying Li, Xiaodong Wu, Mingluan Xing, Xueqing Li, Dandan Xu, Yuan Chen, Jie Xiang, Ping Cheng, Xiaofeng Wang, Zhijian Chen, Hao Ding, Peiwei Xu, Xiaoming Lou
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  • Associations of Urinary Bisphenol a, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S with the Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Case-Control Study
    Lei Zhang, Jiahuai Zhang, Sai Fan, Yuxin Zhong, Jingguang Li, Yunfeng Zhao, Song Ni, Jiaying Liu, Yong-Ning Wu
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The Effect of Prenatal Cadmium Exposure on Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in 6-Year-old Children in Korea
Woosung Kim, Yoonyoung Jang, Youn-Hee Lim, Bung-Nyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):29-36.   Published online November 14, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.175
  • 5,826 View
  • 179 Download
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Prenatal cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Cd exposure during gestation and ADHD at 6 years of age.
Methods
As part of an ongoing cohort study (the Environment and Development of Children study), 479 mother-child pairs from Seoul, Korea were included for analysis between 2008 and 2011. The whole blood concentration of Cd was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The parents were surveyed about ADHD behaviors in their children at age 6. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to Cd and ADHD at 6 years of age.
Results
Increased prenatal Cd concentrations were associated with increased scores for ADHD for girls, but not for boys, at age 6. A 2-fold increase in the prenatal Cd level was significantly associated with a 22.3% (95% confidence interval, 11.6 to 34.1) increase in ADHD in girls at 6 years of age, as indicated by the linear regression model.
Conclusions
Our results identified significant associations between prenatal Cd exposure and ADHD scores in 6-year-old girls.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구의 목적은 산모와 아이의 코호트 추적조사 상 임신 중 혈중의 중금속 카드뮴 농도가 6세 아이의 주의력결핍 과잉행동 장애(ADHD)와 연관이 있는지를 확인하는 것이다. 자료원으로는 환경부와 식약처 지원 어린이 코호트인 환경노출과 어린이 성장 코호트 (EDC)를 이용하였다. 총 479쌍의 산모-아이 쌍을 대상으로 다변수 선형 회귀분석을 통해 연관성을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 임신 중 산모의 혈중 카드뮴 농도가 2배 증가함에 따라 6세 여아의 한국어판 주의력결핍장애(ADHD) 평점척도 (K-ARS) 점수가 22.3% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

Citations

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  • Associations of gestational and childhood exposure to lead, cadmium, and fluoride with cognitive abilities, behavior, and social communication at 4 years of age: NICE birth cohort study
    Mariza Kampouri, Eric Zander, Klara Gustin, Anna Sandin, Malin Barman, Ann-Sofie Sandberg, Agnes E. Wold, Sven Bölte, Maria Kippler, Marie Vahter
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    Natalia D. Bobrisheva-Pushkina, Lubov Yu. Kuznetsova, Maksim Yu. Mozganov, Azaliya N. Araslanova, Aleksandra A. Kordina, Gennadij G. Onishchenko
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    Yoonyoung Jang, Yoon-Jung Choi, Youn-Hee Lim, Kyung-Shin Lee, Bung-Nyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2021; 54(1): 37.     CrossRef
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Review
High Temperatures and Kidney Disease Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Woo-Seok Lee, Woo-Sung Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Yun-Chul Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(1):1-13.   Published online November 20, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.149
  • 16,944 View
  • 277 Download
  • 35 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
In recent years, serious concerns have been raised regarding the impacts of rising temperatures on health. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between elevated temperatures and kidney disease through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
In October 2017, 2 researchers independently searched related studies in PubMed and Embase. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, including only studies that presented odds ratios, relative risks, or percentage changes, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The characteristics of each study were summarized, and the Egger test and funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias.
Results
Eleven studies that met the criteria were included in the final analysis. The pooled results suggest an increase of 30% (95% CI, 20 to 40) in kidney disease morbidity with high temperatures. In a disease-specific subgroup analysis, statistically significant results were observed for both renal colic or kidney stones and other renal diseases. In a study design–specific subgroup analysis, statistically significant results were observed in both time-series analyses and studies with other designs. In a temperature measure–specific subgroup analysis, significant results were likewise found for both studies using mean temperature measurements and studies measuring heat waves or heat stress.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that morbidity due to kidney disease increases at high temperatures. We also found significant results in subgroup analyses. However, further time-series analyses are needed to obtain more generalizable evidence.
Summary
Korean summary
최근들어 기온상승에 따른 건강영향과 관련하여 전 세계적으로 심각한 우려가 제기되고 있으며, 저자들은 이에 착안하여 본 연구에서 체계적 문헌고찰과 메타분석을 통해 기온상승과 신장질환 발생간의 연관성을 연구하고자 하였다. 연구결과에서는 임계온도 이상으로 기온이 상승하면 참고치에 비해 신장질환으로의 이환율이 30% (95% 신뢰구간, 20% 에서 40%) 증가함을 보였고, 부집단 분석에서도 역시 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 그러나 보다 일반화 가능한 근거를 얻기 위해서는 기온상승과 신장질환 발생에 관한 더 많은 시계열 분석 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Citations

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  • Heat exposure and chronic kidney disease: a temporal link in a Taiwanese agricultural county
    Che-Jui Chang, Chun-Yi Chi, Hsiao-Yu Yang
    International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2024; 34(3): 1511.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
The Association Between Oxidative Stress and Depressive Symptom Scores in Elderly Population: A Repeated Panel Study
Changwoo Han, Youn-Hee Lim, Yun-Chul Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):260-274.   Published online August 23, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.029
  • 9,560 View
  • 215 Download
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Previous epidemiological studies about oxidative stress and depression are limited by hospital-based case-control design, single-time measurements of oxidative stress biomarkers, and the small number of study participants. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the association between biomarker of oxidative stress and depressive symptom scores using repeatedly measured panel data from a community-dwelling elderly population.
Methods
From 2008 to 2010, a total of 478 elderly participants residing in Seoul, Korea, were evaluated three times. Participants underwent the Korean version of the Short Form Generic Depression Scale (SGDS-K) test for screening depression, and urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured as an oxidative stress biomarker. We used a generalized estimating equation with a compound symmetry covariance structure to estimate the effects of oxidative stress on depressive symptom scores.
Results
A two-fold increase in urinary MDA concentration was significantly associated with a 33.88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.59% to 47.42%) increase in total SGDS-K scores. In subgroup analyses by gender, a two-fold increase in urinary MDA concentration was significantly associated with increased SGDS-K scores in both men and women (men: 30.88%; 95% CI, 10.24% to 55.37%; women: 34.77%; 95% CI, 20.09% to 51.25%). In bivariate analysis after an SGDS-K score ≥8 was defined as depression, the third and the fourth urinary MDA quartiles showed a significantly increased odds ratio(OR) of depression compared to the lowest urinary MDA quartile (third quartile OR, 6.51; 95% CI, 1.77 to 24.00; fourth quartile OR, 7.11; 95% CI, 1.99 to 25.42).
Conclusions
Our study suggests a significant association between oxidative stress and depressive symptoms in the elderly population.
Summary

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Interaction of Vitamin D and Smoking on Inflammatory Markers in the Urban Elderly
Hyemi Lee, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Yun-Chul Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(5):249-256.   Published online September 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.042
  • 10,569 View
  • 134 Download
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Epidemiological studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammatory disease. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for inflammation. However, few studies have investigated the interactive effect of vitamin D deficiency and smoking on inflammation. This study aims to investigate the interaction of vitamin D and smoking with inflammatory markers in the urban elderly.
Methods
We used data from the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel Study, which began in August 2008 and ended in August 2010, and included 560 Koreans ≥60 years old living in Seoul. Data was collected via questionnaires that included items about smoking status at the first visit. Vitamin D levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were repeatedly measured up to three times.
Results
The association of vitamin D and hs-CRP was significant after adjusting for known confounders (β=-0.080, p=0.041). After separate analysis by smoking status, the association of vitamin D deficiency and hs-CRP in smokers was stronger than that in nonsmokers (smokers: β=-0.375, p=0.013; non-smokers: β=-0.060, p=0.150). Smoking status was an effect modifier that changed the association between vitamin D deficiency and hs-CRP (interaction estimate: β=-0.254, p=0.032). Vitamin D was not significantly associated with WBC count (β=0.003, p=0.805).
Conclusions
Vitamin D deficiency was associated with hs-CRP in the urban elderly. Smoking status was an effect modifier of this association. Vitamin D deficiency was not significantly associated with WBC count.
Summary

Citations

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Physical Activity- and Alcohol-dependent Association Between Air Pollution Exposure and Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels: An Elderly Panel Study
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Hyemi Lee, Jin Hee Kim, Kweon Jung, Youn-Hee Lim, Yun-Chul Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2015;48(3):151-169.   Published online May 15, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.014
  • 10,601 View
  • 132 Download
  • 48 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
The deleterious effects of air pollution on various health outcomes have been demonstrated. However, few studies have examined the effects of air pollution on liver enzyme levels.
Methods
Blood samples were drawn up to three times between 2008 and 2010 from 545 elderly individuals who regularly visited a community welfare center in Seoul, Korea. Data regarding ambient air pollutants (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide) from monitoring stations were used to estimate air pollution exposure. The effects of the air pollutants on the concentrations of three liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase [γ-GTP)]) were evaluated using generalized additive and linear mixed models.
Results
Interquartile range increases in the concentrations of the pollutants showed significant associations of PM2.5 with AST (3.0% increase, p=0.0052), ALT (3.2% increase, p=0.0313), and γ-GTP (5.0% increase, p=0.0051) levels; NO2 with AST (3.5% increase, p=0.0060) and ALT (3.8% increase, p=0.0179) levels; and O3 with γ-GTP (5.3% increase, p=0.0324) levels. Significant modification of these effects by exercise and alcohol consumption was found (p for interaction <0.05). The effects of air pollutants were greater in non-exercisers and heavy drinkers.
Conclusions
Short-term exposure to air pollutants such as PM2.5, NO2, and O3 is associated with increased liver enzyme levels in the elderly. These adverse effects can be reduced by exercising regularly and abstinence from alcohol.
Summary

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PM10 Exposure and Non-accidental Mortality in Asian Populations: A Meta-analysis of Time-series and Case-crossover Studies
Hye Yin Park, Sanghyuk Bae, Yun-Chul Hong
J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(1):10-18.   Published online January 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.1.10
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

We investigated the association between particulate matter less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) exposure and non-accidental mortality in Asian populations by meta-analysis, using both time-series and case-crossover analysis.

Methods

Among the 819 published studies searched from PubMed and EMBASE using key words related to PM10 exposure and non-accidental mortality in Asian countries, 8 time-series and 4 case-crossover studies were selected for meta-analysis after exclusion by selection criteria. We obtained the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of non-accidental mortality per 10 µg/m3 increase of daily PM10 from each study. We used Q statistics to test the heterogeneity of the results among the different studies and evaluated for publication bias using Begg funnel plot and Egger test.

Results

Testing for heterogeneity showed significance (p<0.001); thus, we applied a random-effects model. RR (95% CI) per 10 µg/m3 increase of daily PM10 for both the time-series and case-crossover studies combined, time-series studies relative risk only, and case-crossover studies only, were 1.0047 (1.0033 to 1.0062), 1.0057 (1.0029 to 1.0086), and 1.0027 (1.0010 to 1.0043), respectively. The non-significant Egger test suggested that this analysis was not likely to have a publication bias.

Conclusions

We found a significant positive association between PM10 exposure and non-accidental mortality among Asian populations. Continued investigations are encouraged to contribute to the health impact assessment and public health management of air pollution in Asian countries.

Summary

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