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Original Article
- Social Network Effects on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Female North Korean Immigrants
- Byungkyu Lee, Yoosik Youm
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2011;44(5):191-200. Published online September 28, 2010
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.5.191
- 8,872 View
- 103 Download
- 9 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF Objectives The goal of this paper is to examine the social network effects on post-traumatic sdress disorder (PTSD) in female North Korean immigrants who entered South Korea in 2007. Specifically, it attempts to verify if the density and composition of networks make a difference after controlling for the network size.
Methods A multivariate logistic regression is used to probe the effects of social networks using the North Korean Immigrant Panel data set. Because the data set had only completed its initial survey when this paper was written, the analysis was cross-sectional.
Results The size of the support networks was systematically related to PTSD. Female North Korean immigrants with more supporting ties were less likely to develop PTSD, even after controlling for other risk factors (odds-ratio for one more tie was 0.8). However, once we control for the size of the network, neither the density nor the composition of the networks remains statistically significant.
Conclusions The prevalence of the PTSD among female North Korean immigrants is alarmingly high, and regardless of the characteristics of supporting network members, the size of the supporting networks provides substantial protection. This implies that a simple strategy that focuses on increasing the number of supporting ties will be effective among North Korean immigrants who entered South Korea in recent years.
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Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Association between social networks and symptoms of post-traumatic stress during the pandemic: Cohort study in South Korea
Ji Su Yang, Yu Jin Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Chul-Hyun Cho, Alexander C. Tsai, Sun Jae Jung
Comprehensive Psychiatry.2023; 127: 152432. CrossRef - Lonely in the Dark: Trauma Memory and Sex‐Specific Dysregulation of Amygdala Reactivity to Fear Signals
Mitjan Morr, Jeanine Noell, Daphne Sassin, Jule Daniels, Alexandra Philipsen, Benjamin Becker, Birgit Stoffel‐Wagner, René Hurlemann, Dirk Scheele
Advanced Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Social Network Changes and Disclosure Responses After Sexual Assault
Anna E. Jaffe, Jessica A. Blayney, Macey R. Schallert, Madison E. Edwards, Emily R. Dworkin
Psychology of Women Quarterly.2022; 46(3): 299. CrossRef - Social Anhedonia is Associated with Low Social Network Diversity in Trauma‐Exposed Adults
Elizabeth A. Olson, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Isabelle M. Rosso
Journal of Traumatic Stress.2021; 34(1): 241. CrossRef - Childhood maltreatment experiences are associated with altered diffusion in occipito‐temporal white matter pathways
Elizabeth A. Olson, Tate A. Overbey, Caroline G. Ostrand, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Scott L. Rauch, Isabelle M. Rosso
Brain and Behavior.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Factors Affecting Depressive Symptoms among North Korean Adolescent Refugees Residing in South Korea
Subin Park, Minji Lee, Jin Jeon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(8): 912. CrossRef - The Association of Social Inhibition and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Karoline Lukaschek, Jens Baumert, Johannes Kruse, Karl-Heinz Ladwig
Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease.2016; 204(4): 261. CrossRef - Risk of Social Isolation Among Great East Japan Earthquake Survivors Living in Tsunami-Affected Ishinomaki, Japan
Machiko Inoue, Shoko Matsumoto, Kazue Yamaoka, Shinsuke Muto
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.2014; 8(4): 333. CrossRef - Comparing the Effect of Prazosin and Hydroxyzine on Sleep Quality in Patients Suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Parasto Sabzeiee, Seyed Mohammad Hosseini, Saadat Torabian, Mohammad Haghighi, Leila Jahangard, Hafez Bajoghli, Edith Holsboer-Trachsler, Serge Brand
Neuropsychobiology.2014; 69(4): 235. CrossRef
English Abstract- Keywords Network Analysis of Articles in the North Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 1997~2006.
- Minsoo Jung, Dongjun Chung, Mankyu Choi
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(6):365-372.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.6.365
- 5,166 View
- 102 Download
- 6 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
There are very few researches on North Korea's academic activities. Furthermore, it is doubtful that the available data are reliable. This study investigated research activities and knowledge structure in the field of Preventive Medicine in North Korea with a network analysis using co-authors and keywords. METHODS: The data was composed of the North Korean Journal of preventive medicine ranged from Vol. 1 of 1997 to Vol. 4 of 2006. It was the matrix of 1,172 articles by 1,567 co-authors. We applied R procedure for keywords abstraction, and then sought for the outcome of network forms by spring-KK and shrinking network. RESULTS: To comprehend the whole networks explicitly demonstrated that the academic activities in North Korea's preventive medicine were predisposed to centralization as similar as South Korea's, but on the other aspect they were prone to one-off intermittent segmentation. The principal co-author networks were formulated around some outstanding medical universities seemingly in addition to possible intervention by major researchers. The knowledge structure of network was based on experimentation judging from keywords such as drug, immunity, virus detection, infection, bacteria, anti-inflammation, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Though North Korea is a socialist regime, there were network of academic activities, which were deemed the existence of inducive mechanism affordable for free research. Article keywords has laid greater emphasis on experiment-based bacterial detection, sustainable immune system and prevention of infection. The kind of trend was a consistent characteristic in preventive medicine of North Korea having close correlation with Koryo medical science. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Frequently covered diseases in North Korean internal medicine journal Internal Medicine [Naegwa]—Secondary publication
Shin Ha, Yo Han Lee
Science Editing.2019; 6(2): 99. CrossRef - Systematic review of evidence on public health in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
John J Park, Ah-Young Lim, Hyung-Soon Ahn, Andrew I Kim, Soyoung Choi, David HW Oh, Owen Lee-Park, Sharon Y Kim, Sun Jae Jung, Jesse B Bump, Rifat Atun, Hee Young Shin, Kee B Park
BMJ Global Health.2019; 4(2): e001133. CrossRef - An Analysis of Infectious Disease Research Trends in Medical Journals From North Korea
Do-Hyeon Park, Min-Ho Choi, Ah-Young Lim, Hee Young Shin
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(2): 109. CrossRef - Bibliometric and content analysis of medical articles in the PubMed database published by North Korean authors from 1997 to July 2017
Geum Hee Jeong, Sun Huh
Science Editing.2017; 4(2): 70. CrossRef - Bibliometric Investigation on Preventive Medicine in North Korea
Minsoo Jung
The Health Care Manager.2013; 32(3): 253. CrossRef - South Korean Study in a Public Health -Preventive Medicine and Sports Environment-
Dan Silviu Radut, You Jin Kim, Byung Nam Min, Ki Jeoung Cho, Jong Young Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(4): 209. CrossRef
Original Articles- The State of the Art of Preventive Medicine in North Korea With Reference to the Content Analysis of a Medical Textbook.
- Sang Gu Yi, Ok Ryun Moon, Sin Jae Lee, Jung chul Kim, Wen Yong, Piao Song Lin
- Korean J Prev Med. 2000;33(3):373-382.
- 2,433 View
- 38 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- OBJECTIVES
The most frequently cited health related slogan in North Korea is that socialistic medicine is preventive medicine. It implies that North Korea puts preventive medicine at the operational center of its national health care system. This study aimed at examining and comparing preventive medicine practices in North Korea with those of South Korea. METHODS: Efforts have been made to obtain a textbook for analysis its contents. Many people have iassisted in the study by joining the interview. Some of these people are as follows: a former professor of PyongYang Medical School, NK physicians living in South Korea, WHO staffs, diplomatic officials, etc. The major items of analysis consisted of industrial medicine and hygiene, nutrition, school health, epidemiology, health statistics and heath policy & management. RESULTS: Public health philosophy is finely rooted and well integrated in the operation of the North Korean national health care system, particularly in the area of industrial medicine and hygiene. Preventive medicine with a strong health surveillance system spanning a number of broad social organizations is a major tool to improve the health of the people in North Korea. The emphasis on preventive medicine has a close relationship with the 'Juche Philosophy' and the shortage of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment. To cope with the shortage problem, North Korean health workers are encouraged to grow medicinal herbs. We have found that they put little effort into teaching newly emerging diseases, such as AIDS, VDT syndrome, hazards of EMF, and agricultural chemical poisonings. Of the subjects of the preventive medicine text, 78.9% coincide with those of South Korean industrial health manuals and 34.2% with South Korean epidemiology texts. However, an absolute difference was found to exist between the heath policies and management systems. CONCLUSION: In North Korea, the concept of preventive medicine functions as the basic philosophic strategy of the national health care system. It differs greatly from the South Korean system in both practice and educational content. Its contribution to society is simply incomparable to that of South Korea. More communication and further study is called for in order to improve the preventive medicine practices in the future. -
Summary
- Medical Technology of North Korea: with Special Reference to the Content Analysis of Medical Textbooks.
- Seok Goo Lee, Hyeong Ryeol Yoon, Gi Hyo Lee, Ok Ryun Moon
- Korean J Prev Med. 1990;23(4):416-427.
- 2,314 View
- 28 Download
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Abstract
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- Unfortunately, we have poor knowledge of medical technology in North Korea. This study has thus attempted to identify the level and status of medical technology development through analyzing the contents of medical textbooks currently in use. This study has assumed that three factors are influencing the level and status of medical technology in a society ; the level of socio-economic development in general, the level of scientific technology revolution and health policy. Forty textbooks are collected for this purpose. The main findings are summarized as follows: 1) North Korea has strengths in that (1) its herb drugs, which are in a broad use, are cheaper, more safe and more attainable than bio-equivalent chemical ones, and (2) the development of its medical technology was carried out with emphasis on the practical and basic health needs. 2) North Korea has weaknesses in that (1) its medical diagnostic method largely depends on manual procedures, (2) the R & D investment in the development of chemical drugs, especially antibiotics, is very small, (3) the amount of medical equipments is in a absolute shortage, and (4) the medical technology is destitute of specialty, caused mainly by the overemphasis on Juche-Uihak or herb medicine. 3) Medical technology has two faces, positive and negative so that it cannot be successfully evaluated by one. It eventually acts a positive function for public health through developments of drug, equipment and new medical treatment method. But it is also true that it has negative effects such as the dehumanization of high cost medical technology, cost hike due to over-investments in expensive equipments, and the absence of wholistic care from overspecialization. 4) We have to consider economic status and the social needs of medical care in order to evaluate the medical technology of a society. It is also the ease with North Korea. A whole picture of the North Korean medical technology could be understood only if further comprehensive studies of medical technology are to be carried out for North Korea.
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