- Utilization of the Unlinked Case Proportion to Control COVID-19: A Focus on the Non-pharmaceutical Interventional Policies of the Korea and Japan
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Yeri Jeong, Sanggu Kang, Boeun Kim, Yong Jin Gil, Seung-sik Hwang, Sung-il Cho
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(4):377-383. Published online June 21, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.056
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 Abstract
Summary
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- Objectives
Korea and Japan have managed the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using markedly different policies, referred to as the “3T” and “3C” strategies, respectively. This study examined these differences to assess the roles of active testing and contact tracing as non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We compared the proportion of unlinked cases (UCs) and test positivity rate (TPR) as indicators of tracing and testing capacities.
Methods
We outlined the evolution of NPI policies and investigated temporal trends in their correlations with UCs, confirmed cases, and TPR prior to the Omicron peak. Spearman correlation coefficients were reported between the proportion of UCs, confirmed cases, and TPR. The Fisher r-to-z transformation was employed to examine the significance of differences between correlation coefficients.
Results
The proportion of UCs was significantly correlated with confirmed cases (r=0.995, p<0.001) and TPR (r=0.659, p<0.001) in Korea and with confirmed cases (r=0.437, p<0.001) and TPR (r=0.429, p<0.001) in Japan. The Fisher r-to-z test revealed significant differences in correlation coefficients between the proportion of UCs and confirmed cases (z=16.07, p<0.001) and between the proportion of UCs and TPR (z=2.12, p=0.034) in Korea and Japan.
Conclusions
Higher UCs were associated with increases in confirmed cases and TPR, indicating the importance of combining testing and contact tracing in controlling COVID-19. The implementation of stricter policies led to stronger correlations between these indicators. The proportion of UCs and TPR effectively indicated the effectiveness of NPIs. If the proportion of UCs shows an upward trend, more testing and contact tracing may be required.
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Summary
Korean summary
“3T”전략과 “3C”전략으로 대표되는 한국과 일본의 코로나 19 유행 시기의 NPI 정책을 비교하고, 접촉자 추적 및 검사 역량의 지표로 감염경로를 알 수 없는 확진자(unlinked case)와 검사 양성률(TPR)의 역할을 평가하였다. 감염경로를 알 수 없는 확진자(UC)는 전체 확진자수 증가 및 검사 양성률의 증가와 관련이 있었으며, 이는 COVID-19 통제에 있어 검사와 접촉자 추적을 적절히 조합하는 것이 중요함을 보여준다.
- Discrete-time Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Early Menarche in Korean Schoolgirls
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Yong Jin Gil, Jong Hyun Park, Joohon Sung
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):59-66. Published online December 29, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.428
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Abstract
Summary
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- Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data.
Methods
The study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild’s conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates.
Results
Gompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche.
Conclusions
Weight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche.
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Summary
Korean summary
초경연령의 조기화는 세계적인 현상이나 유독 우리나라에서는 그 단축속도가 매우 빠르나. 그 위험요인은 비만 이외에 확립되어 있지 못하다. 본 연구는 한국아동청소년패널의 2010-16년도까지 추적관찰된 914 명의 여아 자료를 Gompetz 회귀모형 (다중 분절형 생존분석모형)을 통해 분석하였며, 그 결과 과체중은 1년의 초경연령 단축을 유발할 위험도가 정상체중 여아에 비해 1.63배, 수면시간이 충분하지 못한 여아는 충분한 수면을 취하는 여아에 비해 1년의 초경연령 단축이 발생할 위험도가 1.38배 높은 것으로 나타났다.
- Presence of Thrombectomy-capable Stroke Centers Within Hospital Service Areas Explains Regional Variation in the Case Fatality Rate of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Korea
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Eun Hye Park, Yong Jin Gil, Chanki Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Seung-sik Hwang
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(6):385-394. Published online October 22, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.329
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Abstract
Summary
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objectives
This study aimed to explore the status of regional variations in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment and investigate the association between the presence of a thrombectomy-capable stroke center (TSC) and the case fatality rate (CFR) of AIS within hospital service areas (HSAs).
Methods
This observational cross-sectional study analyzed acute stroke quality assessment program data from 262 hospitals between 2013 and 2016. TSCs were defined according to the criteria of the Joint Commission. In total, 64 HSAs were identified based on the addresses of hospitals. We analyzed the effects of structure factors, process factors, and the presence of a TSC on the CFR of AIS using multivariate logistic regression.
Results
Among 262 hospitals, 31 hospitals met the definition of a TSC. Of the 64 HSAs, only 20 had a TSC. At hospitals, the presence of a stroke unit, the presence of stroke specialists, and the rate of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment were associated with reductions in the CFR. In HSAs, the rate of EVT treatment (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 0.99) and the presence of a TSC (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.99) significantly reduced the CFR of AIS.
Conclusions
The presence of a TSC within an HSA, corresponding to structure and process factors related to the quality of care, contributed significantly to lowering the CFR of AIS. The CFR also declined as the rate of treatment increased. This study highlights the importance of TSCs in the development of an acute stroke care system in Korea.
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Summary
Korean summary
혈관 내 재개통술(endovascular thrombectomy, EVT)는 많은 전문인력과 장비등 상당한 자원을 필요로 하는 특성으로 인해 상대적으로 자원이 부족한 지역에 치료 공백이 발생할 수 있다. EVT 가능 병원(Thrombectomy capable stroke center, TSC)를 "연간 EVT 15회 이상 시행, 뇌졸중 전문치료실 운영 그리고 뇌졸중 관련 전문의(신경과, 신경외과, 재활의학과)가 모두 근무하는 병원으로 정의하고 진료권 단위로 분석한 결과 진료권 내 TSC의 존재는 허혈성 뇌졸중 환자군의 치명률를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 그러므로 급성 허혈성 뇌졸중 치료의 지역 간 변이를 줄이기 위해서 진료권 내 TSC 를 정의하고 설치하는 것의 중요하며, 이러한 결과는 향후 70개 진료권 단위 지역책임의료기관을 구축하는 과정에 중요한 근거자료로 활용될수 있을 것이다.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Patterns in the number of interventionalists for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the US
Ankita Tripathi, Laura K. Stein, Mandip S. Dhamoon
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2023; 32(2): 106943. CrossRef - Thrombectomy-Capable Stroke Centre—A Key to Acute Stroke Care System Improvement? Retrospective Analysis of Safety and Efficacy of Endovascular Treatment in Cardiac Cathlab
Krzysztof Pawłowski, Artur Dziadkiewicz, Anna Podlasek, Jacek Klaudel, Alicja Mączkowiak, Marek Szołkiewicz
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2232. CrossRef - Prioritization of Injury Prevention and Management Programs and R&D Projects: Survey Using the Delphi Technique and Analytic Hierarchy Process
Won Kyung Lee, Minsu Ock, Ju Ok Park, Changsoo Kim, Beom Sok Seo, Jeehee Pyo, Hyun Jin Park, Ui Jeong Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Shinyoung Woo, Hyesook Park
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - COVID-19 case-fatality variations with application to the Middle East countries
Sami Khedhiri
GeoJournal.2022; 88(1): 1127. CrossRef
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