- Health Indicators Related to Disease, Death, and Reproduction
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Jeoungbin Choi, Moran Ki, Ho Jang Kwon, Boyoung Park, Sanghyuk Bae, Chang-Mo Oh, Byung Chul Chun, Gyung-Jae Oh, Young Hoon Lee, Tae-Yong Lee, Hae Kwan Cheong, Bo Youl Choi, Jung Han Park, Sue K. Park
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(1):14-20. Published online January 23, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.250
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- One of the primary goals of epidemiology is to quantify various aspects of a population’s health, illness, and death status and the determinants (or risk factors) thereof by calculating health indicators that measure the magnitudes of various conditions. There has been some confusion regarding health indicators, with discrepancies in usage among organizations such as the World Health Organization the, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC of other countries, and the usage of the relevant terminology may vary across papers. Therefore, in this review, we would like to propose appropriate terminological definitions for health indicators based on the most commonly used meanings and/or the terms used by official agencies, in order to bring clarity to this area of confusion. We have used appropriate examples to make each health indicator easy for the reader to understand. We have included practical exercises for some health indicators to help readers understand the underlying concepts.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 논문에서는 질병과 사망, 출생 관련 지표들의 개념과 종류를 설명하고, 특히 연구자들이 흔히 혼동하여 사용하는 지표들에 대한 적절한 정의를 제시하였다. 또한 지표들의 예시를 부록으로 수록하여 독자들이 지표의 개념을 보다 쉽게 습득하도록 돕고자 하였다.
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- The Validity and Reliability of a Screening Questionnaire for Parkinson's Disease in a Community.
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Jong Hun Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Chong Sik Lee, Sung Eun Yi, Kun Woo Park
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(1):9-17.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.1.9
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- OBJECTIVES
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population. In order to estimate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the community, the application of a good screening tool is essential. We evaluated the validity and reliability of a Parkinson's disease screening questionnaire and propose an alternative measure to improve its validity for use in community surveys. METHODS: We designed the study in a three-phase approach consisting of a screening questionnaire, neurologic examination, and confirmatory examination. A repeated survey was administered to patients with disease detected in the community and on 150 subjects. We examined internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha test, test-retest reliability using the kappa statistic, and validity using sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves. Unadjusted odds ratios were utilized for the estimation of weights for each questionnaire item. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.708. The kappa statistic for test-retest reliability was good to generally fair in most of the items. When newly proposed weighting scores were used, the optimum cut-off value was 7/8. When cut-off value was 5/6 for surveying prevalence in a community, the sensitivity was 0.98, and the specificity was 0.61, with simultaneous improvement in reliability. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend 5/6 as the ideal cut-off value for the survey of PD prevalence in community. This questionnaire designed for the Korean community could help future epidemiologic studies of PD.
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- The rise of Parkinson’s disease is a global challenge, but efforts to tackle this must begin at a national level: a protocol for national digital screening and “eat, move, sleep” lifestyle interventions to prevent or slow the rise of non-communicable dise
Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Jirada Sringean, Saisamorn Phumphid, Chanawat Anan, Chusak Thanawattano, Suwijak Deoisres, Pattamon Panyakaew, Onanong Phokaewvarangkul, Suppata Maytharakcheep, Vijittra Buranasrikul, Tittaya Prasertpan, Rotjana Khontong, Priya Jagot Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Severity of Daytime Sleepiness and Parkinsonian-Like Symptoms in Korean Adults Aged 50–64 Years
Chol Shin, Regina E. Y. Kim, Robert J. Thomas, Chang-Ho Yun, Seung Ku Lee, Robert D. Abbott Journal of Clinical Neurology.2022; 18(1): 33. CrossRef - Development of a symptoms-based thyroid risk questionnaire to screen for hypothyroidism in India
K. M. Prasanna Kumar, Bipin Kumar Sethi, Sanjay P. Khare, Mahesh Padsalge, Anadya Prakash Tripathi, Milind Bhole, Dyotona Sen Roy Thyroid Research and Practice.2021; 18(2): 74. CrossRef - Clinical utility of the Epworth sleepiness scale
Nathan A Walker, Jag Sunderram, Peng Zhang, Shou-en Lu, Matthew T Scharf Sleep and Breathing.2020; 24(4): 1759. CrossRef - A validation of a self-administered screening test for Parkinson's disease
Michele K. York, Jared F. Benge, Christine Hunter, Joseph Jankovic Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2020; 418: 117116. CrossRef - Overview of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia
Ji Won Han, Tae Hui Kim, Kyung Phil Kwak, Kayoung Kim, Bong Jo Kim, Shin Gyeom Kim, Jeong Lan Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Seok Woo Moon, Jae Young Park, Joon Hyuk Park, Seonjeong Byun, Seung Wan Suh, Ji Young Seo, Yoonseop So, Seung-Ho Ryu, Jong Chul Youn, Kyoung Psychiatry Investigation.2018; 15(8): 767. CrossRef - Validation of a Questionnaire for Distinguishing X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism From Its Mimics
Jose Danilo B. Diestro, Mark Angelo C. Ang, Mark Willy L. Mondia, Paul Matthew D. Pasco Frontiers in Neurology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Alain Lekoubou, Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui, Andre P Kengne BMC Public Health.2014;[Epub] CrossRef - Screening for Parkinson syndrome in a Chinese rural population: re-examination of a historic questionnaire
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F. Moisan, V. Gourlet, J.-L. Mazurie, J.-L. Dupupet, J. Houssinot, M. Goldberg, E. Imbernon, C. Tzourio, A. Elbaz American Journal of Epidemiology.2011; 174(3): 354. CrossRef
- BTEX Exposure and its Health Effects in Pregnant Women Following the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill.
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Byung Mi Kim, Eun kyo Park, So Young LeeAn, Mina Ha, Eun Jung Kim, Hojang Kwon, Yun Chul Hong, Woo Chul Jeong, Jongil Hur, Hae Kwan Cheong, Jongheop Yi, Jong Ho Kim, Bo Eun Lee, Ju Hee Seo, Moon Hee Chang, Eun Hee Ha
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(2):96-103.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.96
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We evaluated the health effects of exposure to BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, m,p-Xylene, o-Xylene) in the Taean area after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. METHODS: We used a questionnaire survey to look for health effects among 80 pregnant women 2 to 3 months following the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Their BTEX exposures were estimated using the CALPUFF method. We then used a multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of BTEX exposure on the women's health effets. RESULTS: Pregnant women who lived near the accident site reported more symptoms of eye irritation and headache than those who lived farther from the site. There was a trend of decreasing symptoms with an increase in distance from the spill site. Pregnant women exposed to higher ambient cumulative levels of Xylene were significantly more likely to report symptoms of the skin (OR 8.01 95% CI=1.74-36.76) in the first day after the accident and significantly more likely to report abdominal pain (OR 3.86 95% CI=1.02-14.59 for Ethylbenzene, OR 6.70 95% CI=1.82-24.62 for Xylene) during the 1st through 4th days following the accident. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposure to BTEX from an oil spill is correlated with an increased risk of health effects among pregnant women. This implies the need to take proper measures, including the development of a national policy for environmental health emergencies and a plan for studying the short- and long-term chronic health effects associated with such spills.
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Aishwaryashri Tamrakar, Shamsh Pervez, Madhuri Verma, Dipanjali Majumdar, Yasmeen Fatima Pervez, Carla Candeias, Princy Dugga, Archi Mishra, Sushant Ranjan Verma, Manas Kanti Deb, Kamlesh Shrivas, Manmohan L. Satnami, Indrapal Karbhal Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Volatilomics as an Emerging Strategy to Determine Potential Biomarkers of Female Infertility: A Pilot Study
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Jill E. Johnston, Temuulen Enebish, Sandrah P. Eckel, Sandy Navarro, Bhavna Shamasunder Environmental Research.2021; 197: 111088. CrossRef - Application of microbial remediation in the treatment of offshore oil pollution
Xinru Zhu IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2021; 781(5): 052008. CrossRef - Self-reported oil spill exposure and birth outcomes among southern Louisiana women at the time of the Gulf oil spill: The GROWH study
Emily W. Harville, Arti Shankar, Pierre Buekens, Jeffrey K. Wickliffe, Maureen Y. Lichtveld International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2021; 237: 113829. CrossRef - Derramamento de petróleo no litoral brasileiro: (in)visibilidade de saberes e descaso com a vida de marisqueiras
Luiz Rons Caúla da Silva, Vanira Matos Pessoa, Fernando Ferreira Carneiro, Naila Saskia Melo Andrade, Antônio Jeovah de Andrade Meireles Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.2021; 26(12): 6027. CrossRef - The emission characteristic of VOCs and the toxicity of BTEX from different mosquito-repellent incenses
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Anchal Garg, N.C. Gupta Science of The Total Environment.2019; 659: 1090. CrossRef - Neurological symptoms associated with oil spill response exposures: Results from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort Study
Jayasree Krishnamurthy, Lawrence S. Engel, Li Wang, Erica G. Schwartz, Kate Christenbury, Benjamin Kondrup, John Barrett, Jennifer A. Rusiecki Environment International.2019; 131: 104963. CrossRef - Health effect research on Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HEROS) in Korea: a cohort profile
Myung Sook Park, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Seung-Hwa Lee, Jong-Il Hur, Su Ryeon Noh, Woo-Chul Jeong, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha BMJ Open.2019; 9(8): e026740. CrossRef - Cancer Incidence Trend in the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Area, from 1999 to 2014: An Ecological Study
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Qingmin Meng Environmental Pollution.2018; 240: 848. CrossRef - Human health and ecological assessment programs for Hebei Spirit oil spill accident of 2007: Status, lessons, and future challenges
Dawoon Jung, Jung-Ah Kim, Myung-Sook Park, Un Hyuk Yim, Kyungho Choi Chemosphere.2017; 173: 180. CrossRef - Self-Reported Oil Spill Exposure and Pregnancy Complications: The GROWH Study
Emily Harville, Arti Shankar, Leah Zilversmit, Pierre Buekens International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(7): 692. CrossRef - Effects of exposure to oil spills on human health: Updated review
Blanca Laffon, Eduardo Pásaro, Vanessa Valdiglesias Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B.2016; 19(3-4): 105. CrossRef - Spatial analysis of environment and population at risk of natural gas fracking in the state of Pennsylvania, USA
Qingmin Meng Science of The Total Environment.2015; 515-516: 198. CrossRef - Potential Public Health Hazards, Exposures and Health Effects from Unconventional Natural Gas Development
John L. Adgate, Bernard D. Goldstein, Lisa M. McKenzie Environmental Science & Technology.2014; 48(15): 8307. CrossRef - Human health risk assessment of air emissions from development of unconventional natural gas resources
Lisa M. McKenzie, Roxana Z. Witter, Lee S. Newman, John L. Adgate Science of The Total Environment.2012; 424: 79. CrossRef - Shape Selectivity in the Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons: The Catalytic Performance of One-Dimensional 10-Ring Zeolites: ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-48, and EU-1
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Jong Ho Kim, Byoung Kyu Kwak, Mina Ha, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Jongheop Yi Environmental Health and Toxicology.2012; 27: e2012008. CrossRef - Acute Health Effects of the Hebei Oil Spill on the Residents of Taean, Korea
Cheol-Heon Lee, Young-A Kang, Kyu-Jin Chang, Chang-Hoon Kim, Jong-Il Hur, Jae-Youn Kim, Jong-Koo Lee Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(2): 166. CrossRef - The Distinction of Cleanup Works of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Peak Expiratory Flow between Pre-works and Post-works
Im-Ju Kang, Sung-Youn Choi, Jae-Eun Lee, Mi-Hye Seo, Byoung-Kwon Ghim Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(11): 848. CrossRef
- The Effects of Wearing Protective Devices among Residents and Volunteers Participating in the Cleanup of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill.
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Seung Min Lee, Mina Ha, Eun Jung Kim, Woo Chul Jeong, Jongil Hur, Seok Gun Park, Hojang Kwon, Yun Chul Hong, Eun Hee Ha, Jong Seung Lee, Bong Chul Chung, Jeongae Lee, Hosub Im, Yeyong Choi, Yong Min Cho, Hae Kwan Cheong
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(2):89-95.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.89
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- OBJECTIVES
To assess the protective effects of wearing protective devices among the residents and volunteers who participated in the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit oil spill. METHODS: A total of 288 residents and 724 volunteers were surveyed about symptoms, whether they were wearing protective devices and potential confounding variables. The questionnaires were administered from the second to the sixth week following the accident. Spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites of 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 6 heavy metals. The association between the wearing of protective devices and various symptoms was assessed using a multiple logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. A multiple generalized linear regression model adjusted for the covariates was used to test for a difference in least-square mean concentration of urinary biomarkers between residents who wore protective devices and those who did not. RESULTS: Thirty nine to 98% of the residents and 62-98% of volunteers wore protective devices. Levels of fatigue and fever were higher among residents not wearing masks than among those who did wear masks (odds ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval 1.23-19.86). Urinary mercury levels were found to be significantly higher among residents not wearing work clothes or boots (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Because the survey was not performed during the initial high-exposure period, no significant difference was found in metabolite levels between people who wore protective devices and those who did not, except for mercury, whose biological half-life is more than 6 weeks.
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Chong-Ju Chae Journal of Marine Science and Engineering.2020; 8(9): 636. CrossRef - Health effect research on Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HEROS) in Korea: a cohort profile
Myung Sook Park, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Seung-Hwa Lee, Jong-Il Hur, Su Ryeon Noh, Woo-Chul Jeong, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha BMJ Open.2019; 9(8): e026740. CrossRef - The deepwater horizon oil spill coast guard cohort study: A cross-sectional study of acute respiratory health symptoms
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Ingrid Gjesteland, Bjørg Eli Hollund, Jorunn Kirkeleit, Per Daling, Magne Bråtveit Annals of Work Exposures and Health.2018; 62(8): 1033. CrossRef - Human health and ecological assessment programs for Hebei Spirit oil spill accident of 2007: Status, lessons, and future challenges
Dawoon Jung, Jung-Ah Kim, Myung-Sook Park, Un Hyuk Yim, Kyungho Choi Chemosphere.2017; 173: 180. CrossRef - Effects of exposure to oil spills on human health: Updated review
Blanca Laffon, Eduardo Pásaro, Vanessa Valdiglesias Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B.2016; 19(3-4): 105. CrossRef - Mercury concentrations in urine of amerindian populations near oil fields in the peruvian and ecuadorian amazon
Jena Webb, Oliver T. Coomes, Nancy Ross, Donna Mergler Environmental Research.2016; 151: 344. CrossRef - Health Effect Assessment on Cleanup Workers of an Oil Spill in Yeosu
Geunbae Kim, Tack Shin Kang, Mira Yoon, Hyejung Jo, Youngkyung Joo, Seung Do Yu, Bo Eun Lee Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2016; 42(6): 385. CrossRef - Heavy Metals and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentrations in Surface Water of Esi River, Western Niger Delta
Samuel O. Akporido, Percy C. Onianwa Research Journal of Environmental Sciences.2015; 9(2): 88. CrossRef - Pollution risk assessment of oil spill accidents in Garorim Bay of Korea
Moonjin Lee, Jung-Yeul Jung Marine Pollution Bulletin.2015; 100(1): 297. CrossRef - Urinary metabolites before and after cleanup and subjective symptoms in volunteer participants in cleanup of the Hebei Spirit oil spill
Mina Ha, Hojang Kwon, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Sinye Lim, Seung Jin Yoo, Eun-Jung Kim, Seok Gun Park, Jeongae Lee, Bong Chul Chung Science of The Total Environment.2012; 429: 167. CrossRef - Changes of Eating Habits of the Residents of Taean, Korea after the Herbei Oil Spill Accident Based on Focus Group Interviews
Ji Hyun Park, Sung Ok Kwon, Woo Cheol Jeong, Jong Il Huh, Se-Young Oh Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(4): 466. CrossRef - Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Exposure and Subjective Symptoms in Residents Participating in Clean-Up Activities
Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha, Jong Seong Lee, Hojang Kwon, Eun-Hee Ha, Yun-Chul Hong, Yeyong Choi, Woo-Chul Jeong, Jongil Hur, Seung-Min Lee, Eun-Jung Kim, Hosub Im Environmental Health and Toxicology.2011; 26: e2011007. CrossRef - Urinary metabolic profiling of volatile organic compounds in acute exposed volunteers after an oil spill in Republic of Korea
Jeongae Lee, Min‐hwa Kim, Mina Ha, Bong Chul Chung Biomedical Chromatography.2010; 24(5): 562. CrossRef - A Case of Respiratory Failure after Clean-up Work of the Hebei Spirit Crude Oil Spill in Taean
Sun Young Kyung, Su Yeon Chon, Yu Jin Kim, Sang Pyo Lee, Jeong-Woong Park, Sung Hwan Jeong Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2009; 67(3): 249. CrossRef - The Distinction of Cleanup Works of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Peak Expiratory Flow between Pre-works and Post-works
Im-Ju Kang, Sung-Youn Choi, Jae-Eun Lee, Mi-Hye Seo, Byoung-Kwon Ghim Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(11): 848. CrossRef
- Psychological Health in Residents Participating in Clean-up Works of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill.
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Minkyo Song, Yun Chul Hong, Hae Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha, Hojang Kwon, Eun Hee Ha, Yeyong Choi, Woo Chul Jeong, Jongil Hur, Seung Min Lee, Eun Jung Kim
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(2):82-88.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.82
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5,701
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86
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23
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- OBJECTIVES
Our objective was to examine and evaluate the psychological health of the residents of Taean during the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit (HS) oil spill and to review some factors associated with the results. METHODS: A community survey of 71 men and women was conducted 8 weeks after the HS oil spill. Questionnaires used were the PWI (Psychological Well-being Index) scale for psychosocial distress, the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) scale for depressive symptoms, and a questionnaire created to assess suicidal impulses. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of high-risk psychosocial distress among the study group was 64.2%. The percentages of respondents with scores on the CES-D Scale above 16 and above 21 were 77.6% and 62.7%, respectively. The percentage of respondents categorized as having suicidal impulses was 18.3%. When compared with unexposed groups in the general population taken from various sources, the residents of Taean were 6.5 times as likely to have high stress and 9.4-9.7 times as likely to be depressed. No significant difference in the rate of suicidal impulse was found between the residents of Taean and the general population. Factors associated with high stress, depression, and suicidal impulses were age, a change in income, educational level, number of days working on the cleanup, and positive responses to questions about "affected daily activity" and "hospital visit due to work on cleanup." CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the HS oil spill had a significant impact on the psychological health of residents of Taean, but the comparability of the unexposed groups is a limitation of the study.
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- Chemical exposure from the Hebei spirit oil spill accident and its long-term effects on mental health
Lita Kim, Da-An Huh, Min-Sung Kang, Kangyeon Park, Jiyoun Lee, Se Hyun Hwang, Hyeon Jeong Choi, Woohyun Lim, Kyong Whan Moon, Yong-Jin Lee Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2024; 284: 116938. CrossRef - Haematological, renal, and hepatic function changes among Rayong oil spill clean-up workers: a longitudinal study
Benjamin Atta Owusu, Apiradee Lim, Chanthip Intawong, Sunthorn Rheanpumikankit, Saijit Suksri, Thammasin Ingviya International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2022; 95(7): 1481. CrossRef - Risk factors for acute mental health symptoms and tobacco initiation in Coast Guard Responders to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Jeanny H. Wang, Hristina Denic‐Roberts, Jeffrey L. Goodie, Dana L. Thomas, Lawrence S. Engel, Jennifer A. Rusiecki Journal of Traumatic Stress.2022; 35(4): 1099. CrossRef - Coping with oil spills: oil exposure and anxiety among residents of Gulf Coast states after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Zachary E. Goldman, John A. Kaufman, J. Danielle Sharpe, Amy F. Wolkin, Matthew O. Gribble UCL Open Environment.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Who has sustained psychological symptoms nine years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill?: The Health Effect Research on Hebei Spirit oil spill (HEROS) study
Kyung-Hwa Choi, Myung-Sook Park, Myung Ho Lim, Jong-Il Hur, Su Ryeon Noh, Woo-Chul Jeong, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha Journal of Environmental Management.2021; 294: 112936. CrossRef - The Long-Term Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Women’s Depression and Mental Distress
Ariane Lisann Rung, Evrim Oral, Elizabeth Fontham, Daniel J. Harrington, Edward J. Trapido, Edward S. Peters Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.2019; 13(02): 183. CrossRef - Factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in students who survived the Sewol ferry disaster in South Korea
Jin-Won Noh, Kyoung-Beom Kim, Yejin Lee, Ju Hyun Lee, Eun Ji Kim, So Hee Lee Journal of Affective Disorders.2019; 249: 223. CrossRef - Developing Large-Scale Research in Response to an Oil Spill Disaster: a Case Study
Richard K. Kwok, Aubrey K. Miller, Kaitlyn B. Gam, Matthew D. Curry, Steven K. Ramsey, Aaron Blair, Lawrence S. Engel, Dale P. Sandler Current Environmental Health Reports.2019; 6(3): 174. CrossRef - Health effect research on Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HEROS) in Korea: a cohort profile
Myung Sook Park, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Seung-Hwa Lee, Jong-Il Hur, Su Ryeon Noh, Woo-Chul Jeong, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha BMJ Open.2019; 9(8): e026740. CrossRef - Cancer Incidence Trend in the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Area, from 1999 to 2014: An Ecological Study
Kyung-Hwa Choi, Myung-Sook Park, Mina Ha, Jong-Il Hur, Hae-Kwan Cheong International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(5): 1006. CrossRef - Factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among community volunteers during the Sewol ferry disaster in Korea
Ju-Yeon Lee, Sung-Wan Kim, Kyung-Yeol Bae, Jae-Min Kim, Il-Seon Shin, Jin-Sang Yoon Comprehensive Psychiatry.2017; 77: 38. CrossRef - Psychological Vulnerability of Residents of Communities Affected by the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill
Kyung-Hwa Choi, Myung-Ho Lim, Mina Ha, Jung Nam Sohn, Jong-Won Kang, Young-Hyun Choi, Hae-Kwan Cheong Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.2016; 10(1): 51. CrossRef - Effects of exposure to oil spills on human health: Updated review
Blanca Laffon, Eduardo Pásaro, Vanessa Valdiglesias Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B.2016; 19(3-4): 105. CrossRef - Determinants of Poor Self-rated Health in Korean Adults With Diabetes
Hwi-Won Lee, Minkyo Song, Jae Jeong Yang, Daehee Kang Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2015; 48(6): 287. CrossRef - Community mental health status six months after the Sewol ferry disaster in Ansan, Korea
Hee Jung Yang, Hae Kwan Cheong, Bo Youl Choi, Min-Ho Shin, Hyeon Woo Yim, Dong-Hyun Kim, Gawon Kim, Soon Young Lee Epidemiology and Health.2015; 37: e2015046. CrossRef - Environmental and ecological effects and recoveries after five years of the Hebei Spirit oil spill, Taean, Korea
Seongjin Hong, Jong Seong Khim, Jongseong Ryu, Seong-Gil Kang, Won Joon Shim, Un Hyuk Yim Ocean & Coastal Management.2014; 102: 522. CrossRef - Crude Oil Spill Exposure and Human Health Risks
Mark A. D'Andrea, G. Kesava Reddy Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2014; 56(10): 1029. CrossRef - Children's Mental Health in the Area Affected by the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Accident
Mina Ha, Woo-Chul Jeong, Myungho Lim, Hojang Kwon, Yeyong Choi, Seung-Jin Yoo, Su Ryun Noh, Hae-Kwan Cheong Environmental Health and Toxicology.2013; 28: e2013010. CrossRef - Burden of disease attributable to the Hebei Spirit oil spill in Taean, Korea
Young-Min Kim, Jae-Hyun Park, Kyusik Choi, Su Ryeon Noh, Young-Hyun Choi, Hae-Kwan Cheong BMJ Open.2013; 3(9): e003334. CrossRef - Changes of Eating Habits of the Residents of Taean, Korea after the Herbei Oil Spill Accident Based on Focus Group Interviews
Ji Hyun Park, Sung Ok Kwon, Woo Cheol Jeong, Jong Il Huh, Se-Young Oh Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(4): 466. CrossRef - The Adverse Health Effects of Oil Spills: A Review of the Literature and a Framework for Medically Evaluating Exposed Individuals
Barry S. Levy, William J. Nassetta International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2011; 17(2): 161. CrossRef - Acute Health Effects of the Hebei Oil Spill on the Residents of Taean, Korea
Cheol-Heon Lee, Young-A Kang, Kyu-Jin Chang, Chang-Hoon Kim, Jong-Il Hur, Jae-Youn Kim, Jong-Koo Lee Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(2): 166. CrossRef - The Distinction of Cleanup Works of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Peak Expiratory Flow between Pre-works and Post-works
Im-Ju Kang, Sung-Youn Choi, Jae-Eun Lee, Mi-Hye Seo, Byoung-Kwon Ghim Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(11): 848. CrossRef
- Scientific Basis of Environmental Health Contingency Planning for a Coastal Oil Spill.
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Young Min Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Jong Ho Kim, Jong Hun Kim, Kumsook Ko, Mina Ha
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2009;42(2):73-81.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.2.73
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5,009
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Abstract
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This study presents a scientific basis for the establishment of an environmental health contingency plan for dealing with accidental coastal oil spills and suggests some strategies for use in an environmental health emergency. METHODS: We reviewed the existing literature, and analyzed the various fundamental factors involved in response strategies for oil spill. Our analysis included data derived from Hebei Spirit oil spill and used air dispersion modeling. RESULTS: Spill amounts of more than 1,000 kl can affect the health of residents along the coast, especially those who belong to vulnerable groups. Almost 30% of South Korean population lives in the vicinity of the coast. The area that is at the highest risk for a spill and that has the greatest number of people at risk is the stretch of coastline from Busan to Tongyeong. The most prevalent types of oil spilt in Korean waters have been crude oil and bunker-C oil, both of which have relatively high specific gravity and contain volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. In the case of a spill of more than 1,000 kl, it may be necessary to evacuate vulnerable and sensitive groups. CONCLUSIONS: The government should establish environmental health planning that considers the spill amount, the types of oil, and the distance between the spot of the accident and the coast, and should assemble a response team that includes environmental health specialists to prepare for the future oil spill.
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- Complexity and specifics of elimination of emergency spills of light hydrocarbons in offshore fields
E V Bogatyreva, G D Vorsina IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2021; 678(1): 012002. CrossRef - Health effect research on Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HEROS) in Korea: a cohort profile
Myung Sook Park, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Seung-Hwa Lee, Jong-Il Hur, Su Ryeon Noh, Woo-Chul Jeong, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha BMJ Open.2019; 9(8): e026740. CrossRef - Cancer Incidence Trend in the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Area, from 1999 to 2014: An Ecological Study
Kyung-Hwa Choi, Myung-Sook Park, Mina Ha, Jong-Il Hur, Hae-Kwan Cheong International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(5): 1006. CrossRef - Human health and ecological assessment programs for Hebei Spirit oil spill accident of 2007: Status, lessons, and future challenges
Dawoon Jung, Jung-Ah Kim, Myung-Sook Park, Un Hyuk Yim, Kyungho Choi Chemosphere.2017; 173: 180. CrossRef - A Retrospective Mid- and Long-term Follow-up Study on the Changes in Hematologic Parameters in the Highly Exposed Residents of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Taean, South Korea
Young-Hyun Choi, Jee-Young Hong, Moo-Sik Lee Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2017; 8(5): 358. CrossRef - Burden of disease attributable to the Hebei Spirit oil spill in Taean, Korea
Young-Min Kim, Jae-Hyun Park, Kyusik Choi, Su Ryeon Noh, Young-Hyun Choi, Hae-Kwan Cheong BMJ Open.2013; 3(9): e003334. CrossRef - Acute Health Effects Among Military Personnel Participating in the Cleanup of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill, 2007, in Taean County, Korea
Jin Gwack, Ju Hyung Lee, Young Ah Kang, Kyu-jin Chang, Moo Sik Lee, Jee Young Hong Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2012; 3(4): 206. CrossRef - Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Exposure and Subjective Symptoms in Residents Participating in Clean-Up Activities
Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha, Jong Seong Lee, Hojang Kwon, Eun-Hee Ha, Yun-Chul Hong, Yeyong Choi, Woo-Chul Jeong, Jongil Hur, Seung-Min Lee, Eun-Jung Kim, Hosub Im Environmental Health and Toxicology.2011; 26: e2011007. CrossRef - Fifteen Years After the Gozan-Dong Glass Fiber Outbreak, Incheon in 1995
Soo-Hun Cho, Joohon Sung, Jonghoon Kim, Young-Su Ju, Minji Han, Kyu-Won Jung Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2011; 44(4): 185. CrossRef - A Case of Respiratory Failure after Clean-up Work of the Hebei Spirit Crude Oil Spill in Taean
Sun Young Kyung, Su Yeon Chon, Yu Jin Kim, Sang Pyo Lee, Jeong-Woong Park, Sung Hwan Jeong Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2009; 67(3): 249. CrossRef - The Distinction of Cleanup Works of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Peak Expiratory Flow between Pre-works and Post-works
Im-Ju Kang, Sung-Youn Choi, Jae-Eun Lee, Mi-Hye Seo, Byoung-Kwon Ghim Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(11): 848. CrossRef
- A Literature Review on Health Effects of Exposure to Oil Spill.
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Mina Ha, Won Jin Lee, Seungmin Lee, Hae Kwan Cheong
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2008;41(5):345-354.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.5.345
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
Our objective is to review and summarize the previous studies on the health effects of exposure to oil spills in order to make suggestions for mid- and long-term study plans regarding the health effects of the Hebei Spirit oil spill occured in Korea. METHODS: We searched PubMed to systemically retrieve reports on the human health effects related to oil spill accidents. The papers' reference lists and reviews on the topic were searched as well. RESULTS: We found 24 articles that examined seven oil spill accidents worldwide over the period from 1989 to August 2008, including the Exxon Valdes, Braer, Sea Empress, Erika, Nakhodka, Prestige and Tasman Spirit oil spills. Most of the studies applied cross-sectional and short-term follow-up study designs. The exposure level was measured by assessing the place of residence, using a questionnaire and environmental and personal monitoring. Studies on the acute or immediate health effects mainly focused on the subjective physical symptoms related to clean-up work or residential exposure. Late or mid-term follow-up studies were performed to investigate a range of health effects such as pulmonary function and endocrine, immunologic and genetic toxicity. The economic and social impact of the accidents resulted in the socio-psychological exposure and the psychosocial health effects. CONCLUSIONS: Studies of the health effects of exposure to oil spills should consider a range of health outcomes, including the physical and psychological effects, and the studies should be extended for a considerable period of time to study the long-term chronic health effects.
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Summary
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Citations
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Komal Sharma, Garishma Shah, Khushbu Singhal, Vineet Soni Regional Studies in Marine Science.2024; 74: 103516. CrossRef - Chemical exposure from the Hebei spirit oil spill accident and its long-term effects on mental health
Lita Kim, Da-An Huh, Min-Sung Kang, Kangyeon Park, Jiyoun Lee, Se Hyun Hwang, Hyeon Jeong Choi, Woohyun Lim, Kyong Whan Moon, Yong-Jin Lee Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2024; 284: 116938. CrossRef - Investigation of Egyptian Chorisia spp. fiber as a natural sorbent for oil spill cleanup
Osama A. Hakeim, Fatma Abdelghaffar, Lamiaa K. El-Gabry Environmental Technology & Innovation.2022; 25: 102134. CrossRef - Biological effects of inhaled crude oil vapor V. Altered biogenic amine neurotransmitters and neural protein expression
Krishnan Sriram, Gary X. Lin, Amy M. Jefferson, Walter McKinney, Mark C. Jackson, Jared L. Cumpston, James B. Cumpston, Howard D. Leonard, Michael L. Kashon, Jeffrey S. Fedan Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2022; 449: 116137. CrossRef - Immediate social and economic impacts of a major oil spill on Brazilian coastal fishing communities
Mariana de Oliveira Estevo, Priscila F.M. Lopes, José Gilmar Cavalcante de Oliveira Júnior, André Braga Junqueira, Ana Paula de Oliveira Santos, Johnny Antonio da Silva Lima, Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado, Richard J. Ladle, João Vitor Campos-Silva Marine Pollution Bulletin.2021; 164: 111984. CrossRef - Assessment for oil spill chemicals: Current knowledge, data gaps, and uncertainties addressing human physical health risk
Alesia Ferguson, Helena Solo-Gabriele, Kristina Mena Marine Pollution Bulletin.2020; 150: 110746. CrossRef - An association between oil spill clean-up work and cardiovascular disease
Mihye Lee, Myung-Sook Park, Hae-Kwan Cheong Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2020; 194: 110284. CrossRef - Neurological symptoms associated with oil spill response exposures: Results from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort Study
Jayasree Krishnamurthy, Lawrence S. Engel, Li Wang, Erica G. Schwartz, Kate Christenbury, Benjamin Kondrup, John Barrett, Jennifer A. Rusiecki Environment International.2019; 131: 104963. CrossRef - Health effect research on Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HEROS) in Korea: a cohort profile
Myung Sook Park, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Seung-Hwa Lee, Jong-Il Hur, Su Ryeon Noh, Woo-Chul Jeong, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha BMJ Open.2019; 9(8): e026740. CrossRef - Preparation and oil absorbency of kapok-g-butyl methacrylate
Jintao Wang, Yian Zheng, Aiqin Wang Environmental Technology.2018; 39(9): 1089. CrossRef - Some clues for studying long-term health effects of oil spills
Jan Paul Zock Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018; 75(3): 163. CrossRef - Post-Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Exposure Patterns Among Children in Mobile County, Alabama
Meghan Tipre, Anne Turner-Henson, Hemant K. Tiwari, Julia Gohlke, Ligong Chen, Mark Leader, Nalini Sathiakumar Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2017; 59(10): 993. CrossRef - A Retrospective Mid- and Long-term Follow-up Study on the Changes in Hematologic Parameters in the Highly Exposed Residents of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Taean, South Korea
Young-Hyun Choi, Jee-Young Hong, Moo-Sik Lee Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2017; 8(5): 358. CrossRef - Concentrations in human blood of petroleum hydrocarbons associated with the BP/Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico
Paul W. Sammarco, Stephan R. Kolian, Richard A. F. Warby, Jennifer L. Bouldin, Wilma A. Subra, Scott A. Porter Archives of Toxicology.2016; 90(4): 829. CrossRef - Health Effect Assessment on Cleanup Workers of an Oil Spill in Yeosu
Geunbae Kim, Tack Shin Kang, Mira Yoon, Hyejung Jo, Youngkyung Joo, Seung Do Yu, Bo Eun Lee Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2016; 42(6): 385. CrossRef - Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Participation in Clean-up Work at the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill
Ik-Jin Lee, Bong-Ki Jang, Jong-Wha Lee, Bu-Soon Son, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha, Young-Hyun Choi, Myungsook Park Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2015; 41(5): 335. CrossRef - Investigation of acetylated kapok fibers on the sorption of oil in water
Jintao Wang, Yian Zheng, Aiqin Wang Journal of Environmental Sciences.2013; 25(2): 246. CrossRef - Health Effects of Exposure to Oil-contaminated Water Using Biological Markers: Focusing on G Village near the Area of Daecheon Beach
Doo-Nam Oh, Kyung-Choon Lim, Seungmi Park Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2013; 15(2): 74. CrossRef - Acetylated modification of kapok fiber and application for oil absorption
Jintao Wang, Aiqin Wang Fibers and Polymers.2013; 14(11): 1834. CrossRef - Urinary metabolites before and after cleanup and subjective symptoms in volunteer participants in cleanup of the Hebei Spirit oil spill
Mina Ha, Hojang Kwon, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Sinye Lim, Seung Jin Yoo, Eun-Jung Kim, Seok Gun Park, Jeongae Lee, Bong Chul Chung Science of The Total Environment.2012; 429: 167. CrossRef - Acute Health Effects Among Military Personnel Participating in the Cleanup of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill, 2007, in Taean County, Korea
Jin Gwack, Ju Hyung Lee, Young Ah Kang, Kyu-jin Chang, Moo Sik Lee, Jee Young Hong Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2012; 3(4): 206. CrossRef - The duration of acute health problems in people involved with the cleanup operation of the Hebei Spirit oil spill
Ji Ung Na, Min Seob Sim, Ik Joon Jo, Hyoung Gon Song Marine Pollution Bulletin.2012; 64(6): 1246. CrossRef - Hebei Spirit Oil Spill Exposure and Subjective Symptoms in Residents Participating in Clean-Up Activities
Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha, Jong Seong Lee, Hojang Kwon, Eun-Hee Ha, Yun-Chul Hong, Yeyong Choi, Woo-Chul Jeong, Jongil Hur, Seung-Min Lee, Eun-Jung Kim, Hosub Im Environmental Health and Toxicology.2011; 26: e2011007. CrossRef - Health Effects of Oil Spills: Lessons from thePrestige
Jan-Paul Zock, Gema Rodríguez-Trigo, Francisco Pozo-Rodríguez, Joan Albert Barberà American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.2011; 184(10): 1094. CrossRef - Acute Health Effects of the Hebei Oil Spill on the Residents of Taean, Korea
Cheol-Heon Lee, Young-A Kang, Kyu-Jin Chang, Chang-Hoon Kim, Jong-Il Hur, Jae-Youn Kim, Jong-Koo Lee Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(2): 166. CrossRef - The Distinction of Cleanup Works of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in Peak Expiratory Flow between Pre-works and Post-works
Im-Ju Kang, Sung-Youn Choi, Jae-Eun Lee, Mi-Hye Seo, Byoung-Kwon Ghim Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(11): 848. CrossRef - Psychological Health in Residents Participating in Clean-up Works of Hebei Spirit Oil Spill
Minkyo Song, Yun-Chul Hong, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Mina Ha, Hojang Kwon, Eun-Hee Ha, Yeyong Choi, Woo-Chul Jeong, Jongil Hur, Seung-Min Lee, Eun-Jung Kim Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(2): 82. CrossRef - Scientific Basis of Environmental Health Contingency Planning for a Coastal Oil Spill
Young Min Kim, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Jong Ho Kim, Jong Hun Kim, Kumsook Ko, Mina Ha Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(2): 73. CrossRef - BTEX Exposure and its Health Effects in Pregnant Women Following the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill
Byung-Mi Kim, Eun kyo Park, So-Young LeeAn, Mina Ha, Eun-Jung Kim, Hojang Kwon, Yun-Chul Hong, Woo-Chul Jeong, Jongil Hur, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Jongheop Yi, Jong Ho Kim, Bo-Eun Lee, Ju-Hee Seo, Moon-Hee Chang, Eun-Hee Ha Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(2): 96. CrossRef - A Case of Respiratory Failure after Clean-up Work of the Hebei Spirit Crude Oil Spill in Taean
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- The Association of Obesity and Left Colonic Adenomatous Polyps in Korean Adult Men.
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Chang Sup Kim, Moon Chan Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Tae Heum Jeong
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J Prev Med Public Health. 2005;38(4):415-419.
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We wanted to evaluate the relationship between obesity and left colonic adenomatous polyps in Korean adult men. METHODS: This study was conducted among 575 adults men (aged between 40 and 69), who had colonoscopy done from January to December 2002 during a routine health examination at Health Promotion Center, Ulsan University Hospital. The patients' colons were examined up to splenic flexure by using fiberoptic colonoscopy. A questionnaire survey on behavioral factors and physical measurements were also done. The body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were used as the indices of obesity. The BMI was categorized into three levels: normal (BMI < or =22.9), overweight (23< or =BMI< or =24.9), and obese (BMI> or =25.0). The WHR was categorized into four levels with cutoff points at the 30th, 60th, and 90th percentile of the control group. Age, education, smoking, alcohol use and exercise were controlled for by performing multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 99 cases of colonic adenomatous polyps. Four hundred seventy six subjects with normal colonoscopy findings served as the control. The BMI and WHR were associated with the adenomatous polyps (odds ratio, 1.81 [95% CI=1.02-3.19] for a BMI> or =25.0 as compared with a BMI< or =22.9, odds ratio, 3.94 [95% CI=1.77- 8.77] for a WHR > or =0.95 as compared with a WHR< or =0.86). The BMI was not associated with the risk of adenomatous polyps after additional adjustment was made for the WHR, but the association between the WHR and adenomatous polyps was still positive and independent of the BMI (odds ratio, 4.15 [95% CI=1.63-10.59]). CONCLUSIONS: The results support that obesity, and particularly abdominal obesity, can be associated with an increased risk of incurring colonic adenomatous polyps.
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Summary
- Assessment of the Availability of Health Insurance Data for Epidemiologic Study of Childhood Aseptic Meningitis.
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Sue Kyung Park, Hae Kwan Cheong, Moran Ki, Young Mo Son, Ho Kim
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Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(4):349-358.
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Aseptic meningitis is a major cause of Korean childhood morbidity late spring and early summer. However, the nationwide incidences of the disease have not been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the availability of National Health Insurance data (NHID) for the study of an epidemiological trend in the surveillance of aseptic meningitis in children. METHODS: All the claims, under A87, A87.8, and A87.9 by ICD-10, among children below 15 years of age, to the National Health Insurance Corporation, between January and December 1998, were extracted. A survey of the medical record of 3, 874 cases from 136 general hospitals was performed. The availability of the NHID was evaluated by the three following methods: 1) The diagnostic accuracy (the positive predictive value = proportion of the confirmed aseptic meningitis among the subjects registered as above disease-codes in NHID) was evaluated through a chart review, and according to age, gender, month and region of disease-occurrence. 2) The distribution of confirmed cases was compared with the distribution of total subjects from the NHID, for subjects in General hospitals, or the subjects surveyed. 3) The proportion of confirmed CSF test was confirmed, and the relating factor, which was the difference in CSF-test rate, analyzed. RESULTS: Among 3, 874 cases, CSF examinations were performed on 1, 845 (47.6%), and the CSF-test rates were different according to the medical utility (admission vs. OPD visit) and the severity of the symptoms and signs. The diagnostic accuracy for aseptic meningitis, and during the epidemic (May-Aug) and sporadic (Sept-Apr) periods, were 85.0 (1, 568/1, 845), 86.0 (1, 239/1, 440) and 81.2% (329/405), respectively. The distributions by age, sex, month or period (epidemic/sporadic) and region, in the confirmed cases, were similar to those in the NHID, in both the subjects at General hospitals and in those surveyed, to within +/-7%. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper, the NHID for the subjects registered with an aseptic meningitis disease-code might be available for an epidemiological study on the incidence-estimation of childhood aseptic meningitis, as the NHID could include both the probable and definite cases. On the basis of this result, further studies of time-series and secular trend analyses, using the NHID, will be performed.
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- Health Effect of Dioxin.
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Hae Kwan Cheong
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Korean J Prev Med. 2003;36(4):323-324.
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- Evaluation of Measles Vaccine Effectiveness in a Community Outbreak.
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Byung Chan Park, Hae Kwan Cheong, Sue Kyung Park
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Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(1):33-40.
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From an analysis of a community outbreak of measles in Youngju, Gyeongbuk, in March 2000, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of the measles vaccination and its determinants to provide an epidemiologic basis for the establishment of a vaccination policy. METHODS: Information was collected regarding the vaccinations from the health records of four primary schools and through a questionnaire survey of the parents of students in two middle and two high schools (N=4638). Measles cases were surveyed from the patient list of each school and from case reports in the public health center. The attack rate and vaccine effectiveness of measles was evaluated by school; grade; frequency, region, and institution of vaccination. RESULTS: The attack rate of measles, 6.3% among the total subjects, was higher in middle school students (15.8%) than in primary (2.0%, p<0.05) and high school students (8.9%, p<0.05). The attack rate of the unvaccinated group was 4.6-fold higher than the vaccinated group in primary schools (p<0.05). Vaccine effectiveness was 83.2% among lower graders of primary schools, 34.0% among higher graders of primary schools, 26.1% in middle schools, and -7.0% in high schools. In multiple logistic regression analysis, grade in school (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI=0.67-0.87) and frequency of vaccination (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI=0.37-0.88) were significant predictors of the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the explosive outbreak of measles in this area resulted from both inadequate vaccination coverage and secondary failure of vaccination. There was no evidence of any effect of the cold chain system on the vaccine failure.
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Summary
- Comparative Epidemiologic Survey of Measles in Two Primary Schools.
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Sue Kyung Park, Jee Hee Kim, Joo Yeon Lee, Byoung Kuk Na, Woo Joo Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong
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Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(2):131-140.
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During March-May, 2000, a measles outbreak occurred at Youngduk, Korea. This county is divided into two areas with different historical and socioeconomic background. The outbreak occurred in one of these areas. We conducted a comparative epidemiologic study on the two areas in order to evaluate the factors related to the epidemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected two groups, grades 3 and 5 in a primary schools in each area. We investigated outbreak-related factors using parent-questionnaires, the vaccination history from the students health record and the records concerning the recent measles-outbreak from the local health center. Serologic test on measles-IgG and -IgM antibody was done. RESULTS: The infection rate was 31.6% for the epidemic area and 3.7% for non-the epidemic area according to clinical or serological criteria (p<0.001). No difference was seen in the measles vaccination rate, residence at the time of vaccination or past measles infection history between the two areas. In the epidemic area, the attack rate for the 4-6 year-old MMR booster group(20.5%) was higher than the non-booster group(32.4%), but was not found significantly. Vaccine efficacy was 29.6% in the epidemic area and 87.0% in the non-epidemic area (p<0.001). The IgG level and positive rate were significantly different between the two areas (median 10727 IU/ml, 98.9% in epidemic area; median 346 IU/ml, 85.9% in the non-epidemic area, p<0.001). However, the IgG level and positive rate between the measles-cases and non-cases were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak took place in mostly vaccinated children. These results suggest that a reduction of herd immunity for immunity failure after vaccination may be one of the feasible factors related to the outbreak pattern in the two areas. The results of the IgG level and positive rate suggest that re-establishment of a normal value for IgG level and of a qualitative method for IgG are needed.
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- A Study on the Correlation between Categorization of the Individual Exposure Levels to Agent Orange and Serum Dioxin Levels Among the Korean Vietnam Veterans.
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Joung Soon Kim, Han K Kang, Hyun Sul Lim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Min Kyung Lim
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Korean J Prev Med. 2001;34(1):80-88.
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In an epidemiologic study on the health impact of Agent Orange exposure, the valid estimation of exposure level is the most important step. Based on recent studies, we examined the correlation between exposure levels categorized by personal exposure estimates and serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD, Dioxin), exploring the possibility of utilizing the exposure level as a surrogate for the estimate of exposure to agent orange. METHODS: During the study period (Jan 1996-Feb 1996), blood specimens of 745 subjects taken randomly among 1,329 persons and kept frozen, were analyzed for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and six other dioxin congeners. The serum dioxin and congeners were measured in 1998 by CDC ,adjusted for serum lipids. We categorized the total exposure scores into five groups based on Agent Orange exposure data collected by interview and military records. Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients & multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationship of the exposure level categorized with serum concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and six other dioxin congeners. RESULTS: Dioxin and the other congeners, except 1,2,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, showed significant correlations to exposure categories (p<0.005); 2,3,7,8-TCDD and OCDD showed positive correlations, whereas the other congeners did negative. The values of 2,3,7,8-TCDD differed according to exposure category and proportionally increased from the low exposure group to the high, a dose-response relationship, even after other possible confounding variables were adjusted for. In multiple regression analysis, age(beta=0.033), dioxin(beta=0.433), 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD(beta=0.998), 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD(beta=0.773), 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD(beta=0.255), 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD(beta=3.468), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD(beta=0.109) were found to be significantly related to the total exposure score(p<0.005). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the use of such categorizations as a surrogate measure of agent orange exposure in identifying exposure degrees in a health impact study is valid.
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Summary
- A Case of Metal Fume Fever Associated with Copper Fume in a Welder.
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Hyun Sul Lim, hae Kwan Cheong
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Korean J Prev Med. 1998;31(3):414-423.
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- Metal fume fever has been known as an occupational disease is induced by intense inhalation of fresh metal fume with a particle size smaller than 0.5 nm to 1 nm. The fumes originate from heating metals beyond their boiling point, as happens, for example, in welding operations. Oxidation usually accompanies this process. In most cases, this syndrome is due to exposure to zinc oxide fumes; however, other metals like copper, magnesium, cadmium, manganese, and antimony are also reported to produce such reactions. Authors report a case of metal fume fever suspected to be associated with copper fume inhalation. The patient was a 42-year-old male and was a smoker. He conducted inert gas tungsten arc welding on copper-coated materials without safety precautions such as a protective mask and adequate ventilation. Immediately after work, he felt metallic taste in his mouth. A few hours after welding, he developed headache, chilling sensation, and chest discomfort. He also complained of myalgia, arthralgia, feverish sensation, thirst, and general weakness. Symptoms worsened after repeated copper welding on the next day and subsided gradually following two weeks. Laboratory examination showed a transient increase of neutrophil count, eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and positive C-reactive proteinemia. Blood and urine copper level was also increased compared to his wife. Before this episode, he experienced above complaints several times after welding with copper materials but welding of other metals did not produce any symptoms. It was suggested that copper fume would have induced metal fume fever in this case. Further investigations are needed to clarify their pathogenic mechanisms.
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Summary
- A Study on the Pervalence and Risk Factors of Liver Dysfunction among the Workers in Chemical Factors.
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Hae Kwan Cheong, Joung Soom Kim
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Korean J Prev Med. 1997;30(1):103-128.
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- The object of this study is to evaluate the possibility of chemical-induced liver disorder among workers exposed to various chemicals and to classify the the liver function abnormalities by causes and to analyse the risk factors for each liver disorders. A cross-sectional study including questionnaire survey, physical examination, laboratory tests and ultrasonography of liver was conducted on 1,126 workers, 459 workers in a coal chemical plant(company A) and 667 workers in an insulation material manufacturing factory(company B). An industrial hygienist reviewed the chemicals used in both companies and evaluated the work environments to classify the workers by chemical exposure semiquantitatively. The results are as follows; 1. Of 459 workers in company A, 83 workers(18.1 %) are classified as nonexposed, 163(35.5%) as short-term exposure group, 155(33.8 %) as intermediately exposed group and 58(12.6 %) as long-term exposed group based on the mean daily exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals evaluated by an industrial hygienist. Of 667 workers in company B, 484(72.6 %) workers were classified as nonexposed and 183(35.5 %) as exposed. 2. Workers with SGOT level higher than 40 IU/l were 46(10.0 %) in company A and 77(11.5 %) in company B, and those with SGPT level higher than 35 IU/l were 118(25.7 %) in company A and 198(29.7 %) in company B. The differences were not significant between companies and between exposure groups(p>0.05). Workers with ?-GT level higher than 62 IU/l were 29(6.3 %) in company A and 77(11.5 %) in company B(p<0.01). The difference between exposure groups was not significant(p>0.05) within companies. Workers with liver function abnormalities(defined as SGOT higher than 40 IU/l or SGPT higher than 35 IU/l, Ministry of Labor, 1989) were 338(30.0 %) among 1,126 workers. Of 338 workers with liver function abnormalities 139(12.3 %) had fatty liver by ultrasonography, 79(7.0 %) had alcoholic liver(defined as workers with liver function abnormalities with weekly alcohol consumption greater than 280 g for more than 5 years), 54(4.8 %) had hepatitis B, 12(1.1 %) had hepatitis C and the other 114(33.7 %) was not otherwise classified. Prevalences of alcoholic liver and fatty liver were significantly lower in company A(prevalence ratio 0.24 for alcoholic liver, p<0.001; prevalence ratio 0.76 for fatty liver, p<0.05) but prevalences of liver disorders between exposure groups within companies were not significant(p>0.05). 3. Summary prevalence ratios(SPR) of liver function abnormalities, fatty liver and other liver disorders, adjusted by age and company were not significantly higher in exposed group in any chemicals(p>0.05) but in some chemicals, SPRs were significantly lower. 4. On simple analysis of risk factors for liver function abnormalities, prevalence odds ratio(POR) of those with age between 30 and 39 was 1.54(p<0.01) and those with age over 40 was 1.51(p<0.01). POR of those with histories of liver disorders and general anesthesia was 1.77(p<0.001) and 4.02 for those with overweight and 6.23 for those with obesity, defined by body mass index(p<0.001). 5. On logistic regression analysis, risk factors of liver function abnormality were fatty liver(POR 2.92 for grade 1, 12.15 for grade 2), presence of hepatitis B surface antigen(POR 3.62) and obesity(POR 5.38 for overweight and 16.52 for obesity). Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen(POR 0.18) was the only preventive factor of fatty liver. Company(POR 0.30) and obesity(POR 2.49 for overweight, 4.52 for obesity) were related to the alcoholic liver. Obesity(POR 2.94 for overweight) was the only significant risk factor of hepatitis B and there was no significant risk factor for liver function abnormality not otherwise classified. It is concluded that the evidence of liver disorder related with chemical exposure is not evident in these factories. It is also postulated that fatty liver and alcoholic liver is most common causes of liver function abnormalities among workers and effort for weight control and improvement of life style should be done.
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Summary
- A Study on the Establishment of Management Methods about Occupational Dermatoses.
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Hyun Sul Lim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Byung Soon Choi, Ji Yong Kim, Yeol Oh Sung, Yang Ho Kim
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Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(3):617-638.
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- Occupational dermatosis is one of the most prevalent occupational disorders. However, the extent of the occupational dermatoses including incidences and prevalencies of each disease entity, and etiologic materials are not yet well stated in Korea. Authors reviewed the literatures on the statistic data and reports on the occupational dermatoses, and surveyed on the occupational dermatoses in two factories, and surveyed the physicians responsible to the occupational dermatoses with formed questionnaire. The results are as follows; 1. Among medical journals published since 1964, there were 31 articles on the occupational dermatoses. Of 31 articles, 18 were case reports and all others were review articles. Of 18 case reports, 9 were epidemiologic survey. The Workers' Periodic Health Examinations revealed that prevalence of the occupational dermatoses was highest(4.36 per 10,000 workers) in 1974, but number of the cases reported were decreased sharply since 1978 with some tendency to increase since 1987. There were 2,240 reported cases of occupational dermatoses between 1966 and 1992, which is 1.90% of all the reported occupational diseases. Skin infection and injuries due to chemicals were most frequent and there were 6 cases of skin cancer. 2. In an epidemiological survey on the dermatoses among 995 workers in a metal product manufacturing factory and 225 workers with acne, 130 workers with scar, 123 workers with deformity of toe nails. Scars, photosensitivity dermatitis, deformity of finger and toe nails, and acne were more prevalent in the metal product manufacturing factory(p<0.05). In the metal product manufacturing factory, workers treating organic solvents and oils had more dermatoses than those without treating the materials(p<0.05). On the skin patch performed on 16 workers in the metal product manufacturing factory, there were 8 cases of irritation dermatitis and 5 cases of contact dermatitis. Prevalence of contact dermatitis in the metal product manufacturing factory was 1.3%. 3. On the questionnaire survey, 34 dermatologists, 29 doctors of preventive medicine, and 22 family physician replied. The proportion of occupational etiology among all dermatoses assumed by the physicians were below 9%, and the most important occupational dermatosis in Korea was contact dermatitis. Main etiologic materials related to the occupational dermatosis were organic solvent, acid and alkali, and metals. The reason for the scarcity of report of occupational dermatoses were difficulty in diagnosis and physician's ignorance of the occupational etiology. They replied that to prevent the occupational dermatosis in the workplace, the use of protective devices was most important, and development of diagnostic criteria on the occupational dermatoses is urgent. Above results shows us that there is many workers with occupational dermatoses, but they are mostly unreported. Measures to prevent and manage the occupational dermatoses are not satisfactory at present. Hence, authors suggest measures for the precises diagnosis, report and prevention of the occupational dermatoses. a. Dernatikigustm orevebtuve physician, and industrial hygienist should work as a team to examine the high risk group and establish the preventive measures. b. Disease entities, diagnostic criteria of occupational dermatoses should be listed, criteria for the compensation and job fitting at recruitment should be established, and manual for the proper treatment and effective prevention of each occupational dermatosis should be developed. c. Patch test antigens against each occupational category should be developed and it should be available to any physicians responsible. d. To facilitate the diagnosis of occupational dermatoses by the doctors responsible for the Workers' Periodic Health Examination, development of standardized questionnaire, education on the techniques of the patch test, and cooperation with the dermatologist in diagnosis of occupational dermatoses is essential.
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Summary
- A Study on the Manganese Exposure and Health Hazard among Manganese Manufacturing Woman Workers.
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Hyun Sul Lim, Ji Yong Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Hoe Kyung Cheong
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Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(2):406-420.
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- No abstract available.
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- An Epidemiologic Study on Occupational Dermatosis Associated with Mites.
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Hyun Sul Lim, Ji Yong Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Yeol Oh Sung, Han Il Ree
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Korean J Prev Med. 1995;28(1):13-26.
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- An outbreak of dermatosis occurred in a livestock fodder factory at Kyongju in May 1994. Authors conducted a questionnaire survey on 60 workers in the factory and a dermatologist examined their skin lesion. Authors also collected mites and identified them. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1. Twentyeight cases of dermatosis were identified with attack rate of 46.7%. Attack rate was not different by department, age, sex, educational level and employment duration. Attack rate was 67.5% in productive worker and 5.0% in clerical workers (p<0.01) but was not significantly different between departments among productive workers (p>0.05). 2. Three cases among 28 dermatosis cases and one subject among 32 non-cases had a history of same dermatosis last year. Only one of dermatosis cases had a history of dermatosis among family members. History of other skin lesion and allergy was very rare in both cases and non-cases. 3. Skin lesions of the cases were rice-sized erythematous papules or vesicles with a central biting point. Onset date of dermatosis was between May 1 and June 10. Duration was from one day to more than 30 days. Skin lesion was most frequent at the back(75.0%). and also observed at the arms(64.3%). abdomen(60.7%), legs(57.1%), chest(32.1%) and neck (25.0%). Skin lesion was aggravated while workers are sweeping the floor(35.7%), working at the workplace(21.4%) and in bed at night(28. 6%). 4. Total l,637 mites were collected and identified into 3 suborder, 7 families and 17 species. Dermafophagoides farinae was most frequent Nnd most of the species identified were blood sucking mites. Authors concluded that the outbreak of dermatosis was brought about by mite-bites and grain beetle parasitizing Acarophenax tribolii was the most suspected species. Further studies to identify the specific species causing dermatosis and route of import are needed.
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Summary
- A Baseline Study on the Choice of Optimal Screening Test Items among Workers with Abnormal Liver Function Tests on Workers' Periodic Health Examination.
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Hae Kwan Cheong, Hyun Sul Lim, Gyu Hoi Kim
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Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(4):747-762.
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- Workers', periodic health examination is the main tools used to manage the health problems of most workers in Korea. The most common health problem found in workers' periodic health examination is liver disorder. Liver disorder is also one of the most common health problems in general population and one of the leading causes of mortality in adult population. Regulation proposed by government(NO. 207, Ministry of Labor, 1992) defines the criteria for selection of workers with the liver dysfunction for further evaluative examination and the examination items used for diagnosis of the workers with liver dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the proficiency of each examination items presently defined in Regulation and propose the optimal examination items for detection of the liver disorders found by workers' periodic health examination. Study subjects are 186 workers with abnormal liver function tests in screening examination of workers' periodic health ex amination. Questionnaire survey including past history of liver disorder, drinking history, height and weight was done. Physical examination by physician, routine test items defined by Regulation (SGOT, SGPT, gamma- GTP, protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phoshatase, alpha-feto protein, HBsAg and anti-HBs), anti-HCV antibody test and liver ultrasonography were done. Results are as follows; 1. Result of evaluative examination utilizing only the items defined in Regulation was; There were 75 workers with suspected liver disorder(40.3%), 63 with no liver dysfunction(33.90%), 13 with suspected hepatitis B(7.0%), 10 workers with hepatitis B(5.4%) 10 workers with hepatitis B carrier state(5.4%), 10 with alcoholic liver disorders(5.4%), 5 with fatty liver(2.7%). When alternative diagnostic criteria applying additional examination items (drinking history, body mass index, anti-HCV antibody and ultrasonography) diagnosability of liver disorder was increased. When all four items were included, final results were; 23 workers (l7.8%) with hepatitis B(10 carriers, 13 suspects and 10 hepatitis B), 10(5.4%) with hepatitis C(4 carriers, 5 suspects and 1 hepatitis C), 13(7.0%) with alcoholic liver disorder, 45 (24.2%) with fatty liver (40 suspects, 5 fatty liver), 41 0%) with suspected liver disorders and 44(23.7%) with normal liver. 2. Of examination items defined by Regulation, only SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GTP and HBsAg were significantly different in abnormal rate and mean value, and all other laboratory findings did not showed significant difference between two groups. Drinking history, body mass index and anti-HCV antibody test which are the items that authors included in this study, also showed significant difference between two groups. Utilization of body mass index(BMI) for abnormal liver function group in diagnosis of fatty liver had high specificity(97.6%) but sensitivity (22.3%) was low. Therefore we suggest that SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GTP, HBsAg, alcohol drinking history, BMI and anti-Hcv Ab were useful for diagnosis of liver disorders among worker's periodic health examination.
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Summary
- An Epidemiologic Investigation on an Outbreak of Anthrax Occurred in Kyongju by Eating Dead Cow's Meat.
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Hyun Sul Lim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Joung Soon Kim, Heechoul Ohr, Dong Mo Rhie, Ho Hoon Kim
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Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(4):693-710.
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- This epidemiologic study was carried out to investigate cause and magnitude of food-poisoning like epidemic occurred among inhabitants of a village who have eaten dead cow's meat near Kyonng in February of 1994, around lunar new year. The investigation consisted of interview survey on all inhabitants of 77 households (l11 males and 119 females) and their visitors (40 males and 35 females), skin test with anthraxinum(Russian product), study on clinical characteristics for the patients hospitalized, and microbiologic examination on microbes isolated from cow's meat, patient and soils of dead cow's barn. The results obtained are as followings; 1. The proportion of the inhabitants who ingested the dead cow's meat was 36.4%. The incidence rate of the disease was 65.1% for males, 41.7% for females and the cases were distributed evenly for all age groups. The group ingested raw meat showed higher incidence than the group ingested cooked meat. There was no case among people who did not eat the meat. 2. The most clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among cases than non-cases; sore throat (57%), nausea (51%), fever(47%), indigestion(43%), cough(41%), anorekia(41%), abdominal distention(41%), and abdominal pain(39%) were the major symptoms among cases. 3. Among 29 cases hospitalized out of total 61 cases, three patients, all old and feeble persons, deceased from the disease resulting in 4.9% fatality rate among total patient and 10.3% among hospitalized. Septicemia and meningitis were the causes of the deaths. 4. Three strains isolated from patients, and three strains from dead cow's meat and soil revealed typical microbiologic characteristics of Bacillus Anthracis, which also proved to be fatal to experimentally infected mice.
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Summary
- A study on occupational hydrofluoric acid burns in a hydrofluoric acid manufacturing factory.
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Hyun Sul Lim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Ji Young Kim
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Korean J Prev Med. 1993;26(4):587-598.
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- Hydrofluoric acid is one of the strongest irritating, corrosive and poisonous inorganic chemicals. Hydrofluoric acid burns are occurring with ever-increasing frequency due to the wide use of this acid in industries. Hydrofluoric acid burns are characterized by severe progressive tissue destruction and excruciating pain due to the unique properties of the freely dissolvable fluoride ion. The authors reviewed medical records of 32 cases(36 spells) of hydrofluoric acid burns which occurred in a hydrofluoric acid manufacturing factory from Sep. 1, 1990 to June 30, 1993. The results are as follows; 1. Eleven measurements of air concentrations of hydrofluoric acid by detection tube method from 1990 to 1992 were all below TLV(Department of Labor, R. O. K). 2. There were 19 cases(22 spells) of hydrofluoric acid burns which occurred during the study period among regular employees. The overall incidence density of hydrofluoric acid was 17.8 cases(20.6 spells) per 100 person-year. Incidence density was 19.0 cases(22.0 spells) per 100 person-year among male workers and there were no female cases. Incidence density was 32.9 cases(38.3 spells) per 100 person-year among production workers and 1.9 cases(1.9 spells) per 100 person-years among management workers with the difference being statistically significant(P<0.01). 3. Of 32 cases(36 spells) of hydrofluoric acid burns among workers who were regularly employed or temporarily employed, 26 spells(81.2%) were between age 20 to 39. In 15 spells(41.7%) burns occurred between 12 : 00 and 17 : 59 with 16 spells(44.3%) having arrived at hospital within 2 hours after the accident. 4. Of 36 spells, the main cause of hydrofluoric acid burns were by splashes(8 spells, 22.2 %). The most frequent site of burns were fingers and pain was the most frequent symptom. Thirty spells(83.3%) of the hydrofluoric acid burns were treated with local injection of antidote(calcium gluconate). Complete recovery without scarring were observed in most of the cases(34 out of 36 cases, 94.4%). The study results suggest that to prevent hydrofluoric acid burns, environmental control and the wearing of hydrofluoric acid resistant protective clothes and gloves are important. It is also stressed that establishment of an emergency management and a transfer system for hydrofluoric acid burn victims is necessary.
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Summary
- A study on diagnostic criteria of noise-induced hearing loss among workers in an iron foundry.
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Ji Yong Kim, Hyun Sul Lim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Ok Ryun Moon
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Korean J Prev Med. 1993;26(3):371-386.
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- This study was carried out to evaluate diagnostic criteria of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among workers in an iron foundry. Of 1,093 workers under the observation of noise-specific health examination, 184 workers were selected by way of first and second screening audiometric examination. A questionnaire survey, otological examinations, Rinne test and audiometric test were performed and the results were as follows; The degree of hearing impairment in the left ear was more severe than in the right ear(p<0.05). The difference between hearing threshold of the first and the second hearing test at 1,000 Hz was about 5 dB with a narrow range of deviations while the difference at 4,000 Hz was about -7dB with a wide range. Of the total study workers, 84.8% were tested within 15 hours away from noise exposure, and the rest after 16 hours. This study has identified that mean hearing loss at 4,000 Hz showed a significant statistical difference among the two study groups while mean hearing loss by 4-divided classification did not. The same phenomena were observed between the group with and without tinnitus and between the group with and without difficulty in hearing(p<0.05). Among 184 workers, 10 workers(5.4%) diagnosed as NIHL by old diagnostic criteria in contrast to 150 workers diagnosed as NIHL by the new diagnostic criteria. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the average hearing loss at 4,000 Hz and 4-divided classification(p<0.01), but there were no significant difference in age, the duration of employment, blood pressure and the duration wearing the personal hearing protector(p>0.05). If we apply Early Loss Index(ELI) method, some workers in younger age group diagnosed as NIHL by the new diagnostic criteria were fallen into within the normal range. In the mean time older age group show reverse results in contrast to the above finding. It is too early to confirm the value of the usage of the new diagnostic criteria in hearing examination. Further study is called for to verify the value of this criteria.
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