Table 1.Characteristics of Korean Vietnam veterans by Agent Orange exposure (2 groups)
Characteristics |
Classification |
Self-reported perceived exposure
|
Division/brigade level exposure2
|
Battalion/company level exposure2
|
Low exposure (n=55 131) |
High exposure (n=59 431) |
p-value1
|
Low exposure (n=46 451) |
High exposure (n=49 675) |
p-value1
|
Low exposure (n=56 876) |
High exposure (n=39 250) |
p-value1
|
Agent Orange exposure (4 groups) |
No |
40 038 (34.9)3
|
- |
|
19 360 (20.1)3
|
- |
|
25 102 (26.1)3
|
- |
|
|
Low |
15 093 (13.2)3
|
- |
|
27 091 (28.2)3
|
- |
|
31 774 (33.1)3
|
- |
|
|
Moderate |
- |
40 935 (35.7)3
|
|
- |
29 909 (31.1)3
|
|
- |
20 684 (21.5)3
|
|
|
High |
- |
18 496 (16.1)3
|
|
- |
19 766 (20.6)3
|
|
- |
18 566 (19.3)3
|
|
Age (y) as of August 1, 2004 |
<56 |
10 839 (19.7) |
9184 (15.5) |
<0.001 |
11 249 (24.2) |
1192 (2.4) |
<0.001 |
11 039 (19.4) |
1402 (3.6) |
<0.001 |
|
56-57 |
15 842 (28.7) |
16 710 (28.1) |
|
18 222 (39.2) |
9455 (19.0) |
|
17 697 (31.1) |
9980 (25.4) |
|
|
58-59 |
13 017 (23.6) |
16 211 (27.3) |
|
7094 (15.3) |
19 514 (39.3) |
|
10 785 (19.0) |
15 823 (40.3) |
|
|
≥60 |
15 433 (28.0) |
17 326 (29.2) |
|
9886 (21.3) |
19 514 (39.3) |
|
17 355 (30.5) |
12 045 (30.7) |
|
Military rank |
Enlisted rank |
42 857 (77.7) |
45 992 (77.4) |
<0.001 |
34 878 (75.1) |
38 441 (77.4) |
<0.001 |
43 035 (75.7) |
30 284 (77.2) |
<0.001 |
|
Noncommissioned officer |
7769 (14.1) |
8464 (14.2) |
|
6653 (14.3) |
7433 (15.0) |
|
8290 (14.6) |
5796 (14.8) |
|
|
Company officer |
3621 (6.6) |
4152 (7.0) |
|
4016 (8.6) |
3340 (6.7) |
|
4612 (8.1) |
2744 (7.0) |
|
|
Field officer or general |
884 (1.6) |
823 (1.4) |
|
904 (1.9) |
461 (0.9) |
|
939 (1.7) |
426 (1.1) |
|
Smoking |
Current |
20 810 (37.7) |
20 364 (34.3) |
<0.001 |
16 827 (36.2) |
17 243 (34.7) |
<0.001 |
20 510 (36.1) |
13 560 (34.5) |
<0.001 |
|
Past |
24 680 (44.8) |
27 296 (45.9) |
|
21 082 (45.4) |
22 748 (45.8) |
|
25 904 (45.5) |
17 926 (45.7) |
|
|
Never |
9641 (17.5) |
11 771 (19.8) |
|
8542 (18.4) |
9684 (19.5) |
|
10 462 (18.4) |
7764 (19.8) |
|
Drinking frequency |
5 or more times/wk |
6621 (12.0) |
5672 (9.5) |
<0.001 |
4948 (10.7) |
5318 (10.7) |
<0.001 |
6140 (10.8) |
4126 (10.5) |
<0.001 |
|
2-16 times/mo |
21 480 (39.0) |
21 640 (36.4) |
|
17 830 (38.4) |
17 958 (36.2) |
|
21 422 (37.7) |
14 366 (36.6) |
|
|
1 or less times/mo |
18 997 (34.5) |
22 130 (37.2) |
|
16 706 (36.0) |
17 991 (36.2) |
|
20 441 (35.9) |
14 256 (36.3) |
|
|
No drinking |
8033 (14.6) |
9989 (16.8) |
|
6967 (15.0) |
8408 (16.9) |
|
8873 (15.6) |
6502 (16.6) |
|
Physical activity |
4 or more times/wk |
9548 (17.3) |
9783 (16.5) |
<0.001 |
7633 (16.4) |
8791 (17.7) |
<0.001 |
9639 (16.9) |
6785 (17.3) |
0.03 |
|
1-2 times/wk |
21 009 (38.1) |
23 561 (39.6) |
|
18 679 (40.2) |
18 820 (37.9) |
|
22 366 (39.3) |
15 133 (38.6) |
|
|
1-2 times/mo |
5719 (10.4) |
6253 (10.5) |
|
4921 (10.6) |
4966 (10.0) |
|
5901 (10.4) |
3986 (10.2) |
|
|
No activity |
18 855 (34.2) |
19 834 (33.4) |
|
15 218 (32.8) |
17 098 (34.4) |
|
18 970 (33.4) |
13 346 (34.0) |
|
Herbicide experience in Korea |
No |
40 313 (73.1) |
42 551 (71.6) |
<0.001 |
33 682 (72.5) |
35 695 (71.9) |
0.02 |
41 138 (72.3) |
28 239 (71.9) |
0.19 |
|
Yes |
14 818 (26.9) |
16 880 (28.4) |
|
12 769 (27.5) |
13 980 (28.1) |
|
15 738 (27.7) |
11 011 (28.1) |
|
Education |
Elementary school or no education |
13 420 (25.4) |
17 009 (29.3) |
<0.001 |
10 051 (22.3) |
15 632 (32.6) |
<0.001 |
14 293 (25.9) |
11 390 (30.1) |
<0.001 |
|
Middle or high school |
31 672 (59.9) |
33 792 (58.2) |
|
28 075 (62.2) |
26 350 (55.0) |
|
33 027 (59.8) |
21 398 (56.6) |
|
|
College or over |
7787 (14.7) |
7263 (12.5) |
|
6997 (15.5) |
5949 (12.4) |
|
7936 (14.4) |
5010 (13.3) |
|
Household income (Korean won) |
<500 000 |
14 169 (27.2) |
20 192 (35.4) |
<0.001 |
12 577 (28.2) |
16 573 (35.3) |
<0.001 |
16 715 (30.7) |
12 435 (33.6) |
<0.001 |
|
500 000-1 490 000 |
12 468 (24.0) |
14 723 (25.8) |
|
11 030 (24.7) |
11 602 (24.7) |
|
13 516 (24.8) |
9116 (24.6) |
|
|
1 500 000-2 490 000 |
14 093 (27.1) |
14 024 (24.6) |
|
12 090 (27.1) |
11 335 (24.2) |
|
14 169 (26.0) |
9256 (25.0) |
|
|
≥2 500 000 |
11 306 (21.7) |
8110 (14.2) |
|
8870 (19.9) |
7378 (15.7) |
|
10 056 (18.5) |
6192 (16.7) |
|
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
<20.5 |
5938 (11.2) |
6544 (11.4) |
<0.001 |
4980 (11.1) |
5634 (11.8) |
<0.001 |
6201 (11.3) |
4413 (11.7) |
0.08 |
|
20.5-22.9 |
15 422 (29.0) |
16 099 (28.1) |
|
12 647 (28.1) |
13 918 (29.2) |
|
15 720 (28.6) |
10 845 (28.8) |
|
|
23.0-24.9 |
16 816 (31.6) |
17 503 (30.5) |
|
14 127 (31.4) |
14 663 (30.8) |
|
17 102 (31.1) |
11 688 (31.1) |
|
|
25.0-26.9 |
10 235 (19.2) |
11 298 (19.7) |
|
8953 (19.9) |
8952 (18.8) |
|
10 755 (19.6) |
7150 (19.0) |
|
|
≥27.0 |
4775 (9.0) |
5860 (10.2) |
|
4338 (9.6) |
4431 (9.3) |
|
5227 (9.5) |
3542 (9.4) |
|
Table 2.Prevalence of self-reported diseases by Agent Orange exposure (2 groups)
Diseases |
Self-reported perceived exposure
|
Division/brigade level exposure2
|
Battalion/company level exposure2
|
Low exposure (n=55 131) |
High exposure (n=59 431) |
p-value1
|
Low exposure (n=46 451) |
High exposure (n=49 675) |
p-value1
|
Low exposure (n=56 876) |
High exposure (n=39 250) |
p-value1
|
Cancer |
4039 (7.3) |
6768 (11.4) |
<0.001 |
4121 (8.9) |
5058 (10.2) |
<0.001 |
5250 (9.2) |
3929 (10.0) |
<0.001 |
Stomach |
1289 (2.3) |
1941 (3.3) |
<0.001 |
1216 (2.6) |
1519 (3.1) |
<0.001 |
1590 (2.8) |
1145 (2.9) |
0.26 |
Lung |
627 (1.1) |
978 (1.6) |
<0.001 |
605 (1.3) |
745 (1.5) |
0.01 |
786 (1.4) |
564 (1.4) |
0.48 |
Liver |
826 (1.5) |
1416 (2.4) |
<0.001 |
862 (1.9) |
1028 (2.1) |
0.02 |
1087 (1.9) |
803 (2.0) |
0.14 |
Esophagus |
182 (0.3) |
329 (0.6) |
<0.001 |
177 (0.4) |
252 (0.5) |
0.003 |
245 (0.4) |
184 (0.5) |
0.38 |
Colon |
629 (1.1) |
975 (1.6) |
<0.001 |
593 (1.3) |
777 (1.6) |
<0.001 |
769 (1.4) |
601 (1.5) |
0.02 |
Gall bladder |
113 (0.2) |
253 (0.4) |
<0.001 |
148 (0.3) |
162 (0.3) |
0.84 |
175 (0.3) |
135 (0.3) |
0.33 |
Pancreas |
186 (0.3) |
324 (0.5) |
<0.001 |
202 (0.4) |
231 (0.5) |
0.48 |
256 (0.5) |
177 (0.5) |
0.98 |
Larynx |
160 (0.3) |
324 (0.5) |
<0.001 |
185 (0.4) |
235 (0.5) |
0.08 |
243 (0.4) |
177 (0.5) |
0.58 |
Trachea/bronchus |
539 (1.0) |
955 (1.6) |
<0.001 |
570 (1.2) |
695 (1.4) |
0.02 |
723 (1.3) |
542 (1.4) |
0.14 |
Brain |
97 (0.2) |
197 (0.3) |
<0.001 |
104 (0.2) |
148 (0.3) |
0.02 |
140 (0.2) |
112 (0.3) |
0.24 |
Bladder |
248 (0.4) |
442 (0.7) |
<0.001 |
276 (0.6) |
321 (0.6) |
0.30 |
333 (0.6) |
264 (0.7) |
0.09 |
Prostate |
822 (1.5) |
1388 (2.3) |
<0.001 |
858 (1.8) |
1049 (2.1) |
0.003 |
1080 (1.9) |
827 (2.1) |
0.02 |
Leukemia |
45 (0.1) |
84 (0.1) |
0.003 |
35 (0.1) |
71 (0.1) |
0.002 |
60 (0.1) |
46 (0.1) |
0.59 |
Multiple myeloma |
213 (0.4) |
607 (1.0) |
<0.001 |
291 (0.6) |
408 (0.8) |
<0.001 |
377 (0.7) |
322 (0.8) |
0.005 |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
22 (0.0) |
45 (0.1) |
0.01 |
30 (0.1) |
30 (0.1) |
0.79 |
41 (0.1) |
19 (0.0) |
0.15 |
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
22 (0.0) |
59 (0.1) |
<0.001 |
37 (0.1) |
37 (0.1) |
0.77 |
46 (0.1) |
28 (0.1) |
0.60 |
Soft tissue sarcoma |
53 (0.1) |
166 (0.3) |
<0.001 |
80 (0.2) |
99 (0.2) |
0.33 |
100 (0.2) |
79 (0.2) |
0.37 |
Circulatory diseases |
24 831 (45.0) |
36 390 (61.2) |
<0.001 |
24 361 (52.4) |
27 318 (55.0) |
<0.001 |
30 229 (53.1) |
21 450 (54.6) |
<0.001 |
Hypertension |
18 187 (33.0) |
25 708 (43.3) |
<0.001 |
17 533 (37.7) |
19 557 (39.4) |
<0.001 |
21 783 (38.3) |
15 307 (39.0) |
0.03 |
Myocardial infarction |
2341 (4.2) |
4796 (8.1) |
<0.001 |
2826 (6.1) |
3154 (6.3) |
0.09 |
3459 (6.1) |
2521 (6.4) |
0.03 |
Angina pectoris |
3209 (5.8) |
5920 (10.0) |
<0.001 |
3632 (7.8) |
4029 (8.1) |
0.09 |
4497 (7.9) |
3164 (8.1) |
0.38 |
Heart failure |
1211 (2.2) |
2595 (4.4) |
<0.001 |
1505 (3.2) |
1708 (3.4) |
0.09 |
1922 (3.4) |
1291 (3.3) |
0.44 |
Arrhythmia |
1599 (2.9) |
2544 (4.3) |
<0.001 |
1732 (3.7) |
1758 (3.5) |
0.12 |
2046 (3.6) |
1444 (3.7) |
0.51 |
Cerebral hemorrhage |
674 (1.2) |
1229 (2.1) |
<0.001 |
689 (1.5) |
928 (1.9) |
<0.001 |
923 (1.6) |
694 (1.8) |
0.08 |
Cerebral infarction |
1509 (2.7) |
3122 (5.3) |
<0.001 |
1778 (3.8) |
2187 (4.4) |
<0.001 |
2223 (3.9) |
1742 (4.4) |
<0.001 |
Arteriosclerosis |
1927 (3.5) |
4029 (6.8) |
<0.001 |
2304 (5.0) |
2716 (5.5) |
<0.001 |
2885 (5.1) |
2135 (5.4) |
0.01 |
Buerger’s disease |
179 (0.3) |
442 (0.7) |
<0.001 |
252 (0.5) |
268 (0.5) |
0.95 |
303 (0.5) |
217 (0.6) |
0.68 |
Peripheral vasculopathy |
2836 (5.1) |
7278 (12.2) |
<0.001 |
3916 (8.4) |
4611 (9.3) |
<0.001 |
4931 (8.7) |
3596 (9.2) |
0.01 |
Respiratory diseases |
13 046 (23.7) |
20 351 (34.2) |
<0.001 |
13 239 (28.5) |
14 803 (29.8) |
<0.001 |
16 384 (28.8) |
11 658 (29.7) |
0.003 |
Chronic bronchitis |
3952 (7.2) |
6460 (10.9) |
<0.001 |
4109 (8.8) |
4562 (9.2) |
0.07 |
5004 (8.8) |
3667 (9.3) |
0.004 |
Emphysema |
943 (1.7) |
1494 (2.5) |
<0.001 |
927 (2.0) |
1141 (2.3) |
0.001 |
1196 (2.1) |
872 (2.2) |
0.21 |
Asthma |
3949 (7.2) |
6347 (10.7) |
<0.001 |
4000 (8.6) |
4634 (9.3) |
<0.001 |
5028 (8.8) |
3606 (9.2) |
0.06 |
Digestive diseases |
22 028 (40.0) |
28 756 (48.4) |
<0.001 |
20 654 (44.5) |
21 887 (44.1) |
0.21 |
25 177 (44.3) |
17 364 (44.2) |
0.93 |
Gastritis |
13 254 (24.0) |
16 998 (28.6) |
<0.001 |
12 447 (26.8) |
12 853 (25.9) |
0.001 |
15 010 (26.4) |
10 290 (26.2) |
0.55 |
Peptic ulcer |
6160 (11.2) |
8274 (13.9) |
<0.001 |
5770 (12.4) |
6317 (12.7) |
0.17 |
7160 (12.6) |
4927 (12.6) |
0.87 |
Enterocolitis |
2210 (4.0) |
3509 (5.9) |
<0.001 |
2239 (4.8) |
2569 (5.2) |
0.01 |
2836 (5.0) |
1972 (5.0) |
0.79 |
Gallstone |
2876 (5.2) |
3965 (6.7) |
<0.001 |
2721 (5.9) |
2999 (6.0) |
0.24 |
3304 (5.8) |
2416 (6.2) |
0.03 |
Liver cirrhosis |
1403 (2.5) |
2611 (4.4) |
<0.001 |
1550 (3.3) |
1805 (3.6) |
0.01 |
1946 (3.4) |
1409 (3.6) |
0.16 |
Chronic hepatitis |
2022 (3.7) |
3384 (5.7) |
<0.001 |
2192 (4.7) |
2300 (4.6) |
0.51 |
2678 (4.7) |
1814 (4.6) |
0.53 |
Neuromuscular diseases |
12 250 (22.2) |
22 683 (38.2) |
<0.001 |
13 562 (29.2) |
15 695 (31.6) |
<0.001 |
17 035 (30.0) |
12 222 (31.1) |
<0.001 |
Central nerve disorders |
2605 (4.7) |
5237 (8.8) |
<0.001 |
3028 (6.5) |
3590 (7.2) |
<0.001 |
3854 (6.8) |
2764 (7.0) |
0.11 |
Peripheral neuropathy |
3256 (5.9) |
8433 (14.2) |
<0.001 |
4501 (9.7) |
5330 (10.7) |
<0.001 |
5690 (10.0) |
4141 (10.6) |
0.01 |
Multiple nerve palsy |
1921 (3.5) |
5133 (8.6) |
<0.001 |
2598 (5.6) |
3312 (6.7) |
<0.001 |
3366 (5.9) |
2544 (6.5) |
<0.001 |
Multiple sclerosis |
235 (0.4) |
676 (1.1) |
<0.001 |
313 (0.7) |
449 (0.9) |
<0.001 |
414 (0.7) |
348 (0.9) |
0.01 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
537 (1.0) |
1328 (2.2) |
<0.001 |
726 (1.6) |
842 (1.7) |
0.11 |
940 (1.7) |
628 (1.6) |
0.53 |
Endocrine diseases |
10 437 (18.9) |
17 081 (28.7) |
<0.001 |
10 912 (23.5) |
12 224 (24.6) |
<0.001 |
13 544 (23.8) |
9592 (24.4) |
0.03 |
Diabetes mellitus |
8986 (16.3) |
14 676 (24.7) |
<0.001 |
9382 (20.2) |
10 562 (21.3) |
<0.001 |
11 651 (20.5) |
8293 (21.1) |
0.02 |
Hypothyroidism |
822 (1.5) |
1565 (2.6) |
<0.001 |
955 (2.1) |
1053 (2.1) |
0.49 |
1168 (2.1) |
840 (2.1) |
0.36 |
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kidney failure |
854 (1.5) |
1837 (3.1) |
<0.001 |
1081 (2.3) |
1192 (2.4) |
0.46 |
1352 (2.4) |
921 (2.3) |
0.76 |
Skin diseases |
12 992 (23.6) |
22 050 (37.1) |
<0.001 |
13 901 (29.9) |
15 462 (31.1) |
<0.001 |
17 109 (30.1) |
12 254 (31.2) |
<0.001 |
Psychotic diseases |
1776 (3.2) |
3720 (6.3) |
<0.001 |
2061 (4.4) |
2554 (5.1) |
<0.001 |
2640 (4.6) |
1975 (5.0) |
0.005 |
Lipidemia |
6633 (12.0) |
11 024 (18.5) |
<0.001 |
7266 (15.6) |
7420 (14.9) |
0.002 |
8692 (15.3) |
5994 (15.3) |
0.96 |
Table 3.Adjusted ORs1 of disease prevalence according to self-reported perceived Agent Orange exposure by logistic regression analysis
Diseases |
High exposure (2 groups)
|
Low exposure (4 groups)
|
Moderate exposure (4 groups)
|
High exposure (4 groups)
|
Trend test4 p-value |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
Cancer |
1.55 (1.48, 1.61) |
1.18 (1.10, 1.26) |
1.52 (1.44, 1.59) |
1.87 (1.76, 1.98) |
<0.001 |
Stomach |
1.35 (1.26, 1.45) |
1.06 (0.94, 1.20) |
1.31 (1.20, 1.43) |
1.51 (1.36, 1.68) |
<0.001 |
Lung |
1.39 (1.26, 1.54) |
1.04 (0.87, 1.23) |
1.31 (1.16, 1.49) |
1.61 (1.40, 1.86) |
<0.001 |
Liver |
1.52 (1.39, 1.66) |
1.04 (0.90, 1.22) |
1.45 (1.31, 1.61) |
1.74 (1.54, 1.96) |
<0.001 |
Esophagus |
1.59 (1.32, 1.91) |
0.88 (0.63, 1.22) |
1.45 (1.17, 1.80) |
1.71 (1.33, 2.19) |
<0.001 |
Colon |
1.39 (1.25, 1.54) |
1.23 (1.04, 1.46) |
1.41 (1.24, 1.59) |
1.65 (1.42, 1.91) |
<0.001 |
Gall bladder |
1.94 (1.55, 2.43) |
1.26 (0.85, 1.87) |
2.04 (1.56, 2.68) |
2.17 (1.59, 2.97) |
<0.001 |
Pancreas |
1.54 (1.28, 1.84) |
1.11 (0.81, 1.53) |
1.35 (1.08, 1.69) |
2.11 (1.65, 2.69) |
<0.001 |
Larynx |
1.79 (1.48, 2.17) |
1.35 (0.98, 1.88) |
1.80 (1.42, 2.28) |
2.35 (1.80, 3.06) |
<0.001 |
Trachea/bronchus |
1.55 (1.39, 1.72) |
1.09 (0.90, 1.31) |
1.36 (1.19, 1.55) |
2.08 (1.81, 2.40) |
<0.001 |
Brain |
1.71 (1.33, 2.18) |
1.33 (0.88, 2.03) |
1.51 (1.11, 2.06) |
2.65 (1.91, 3.66) |
<0.001 |
Bladder |
1.57 (1.34, 1.84) |
1.05 (0.80, 1.38) |
1.51 (1.25, 1.83) |
1.77 (1.42, 2.21) |
<0.001 |
Prostate |
1.50 (1.37, 1.64) |
1.26 (1.08, 1.45) |
1.48 (1.32, 1.64) |
1.91 (1.69, 2.16) |
<0.001 |
Leukemia |
1.62 (1.12, 2.33) |
2.06 (1.14, 3.71) |
1.74 (1.07, 2.83) |
2.92 (1.75, 4.88) |
<0.001 |
Multiple myeloma |
2.45 (2.10, 2.87) |
1.17 (0.87, 1.57) |
2.05 (1.68, 2.49) |
3.69 (3.02, 4.52) |
<0.001 |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
1.84 (1.10, 3.08) |
2.66 (1.15, 6.16) |
2.09 (1.02, 4.29) |
4.01 (1.92, 8.36) |
<0.001 |
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
2.33 (1.43, 3.82) |
1.47 (0.62, 3.52) |
2.52 (1.37, 4.66) |
2.93 (1.47, 5.82) |
<0.001 |
Soft tissue sarcoma |
2.81 (2.06, 3.83) |
1.74 (1.00, 3.01) |
2.95 (1.97, 4.40) |
4.33 (2.83, 6.61) |
<0.001 |
Circulatory diseases |
1.86 (1.82, 1.91) |
1.45 (1.40, 1.51) |
1.96 (1.90, 2.02) |
2.33 (2.24, 2.41) |
<0.001 |
Hypertension |
1.51 (1.48, 1.55) |
1.31 (1.26, 1.37) |
1.60 (1.56, 1.65) |
1.70 (1.64, 1.77) |
<0.001 |
Myocardial infarction |
1.89 (1.80, 1.99) |
1.40 (1.29, 1.53) |
1.97 (1.85, 2.10) |
2.41 (2.24, 2.59) |
<0.001 |
Angina pectoris |
1.71 (1.64, 1.79) |
1.43 (1.32, 1.54) |
1.81 (1.72, 1.92) |
2.14 (2.01, 2.29) |
<0.001 |
Heart failure |
1.92 (1.79, 2.06) |
1.38 (1.22, 1.55) |
1.93 (1.77, 2.11) |
2.53 (2.30, 2.79) |
<0.001 |
Arrhythmia |
1.50 (1.40, 1.60) |
1.40 (1.26, 1.55) |
1.59 (1.47, 1.72) |
1.84 (1.67, 2.02) |
<0.001 |
Cerebral hemorrhage |
1.55 (1.41, 1.71) |
1.07 (0.90, 1.26) |
1.50 (1.34, 1.69) |
1.76 (1.54, 2.01) |
<0.001 |
Cerebral infarction |
1.83 (1.71, 1.95) |
1.35 (1.21, 1.51) |
1.91 (1.77, 2.06) |
2.23 (2.04, 2.44) |
<0.001 |
Arteriosclerosis |
1.90 (1.80, 2.01) |
1.48 (1.34, 1.63) |
2.04 (1.90, 2.19) |
2.41 (2.23, 2.61) |
<0.001 |
Buerger’s disease |
2.18 (1.83, 2.60) |
1.39 (1.02, 1.90) |
1.98 (1.59, 2.47) |
3.35 (2.66, 4.22) |
<0.001 |
Peripheral vasculopathy |
2.44 (2.33, 2.56) |
1.80 (1.67, 1.95) |
2.68 (2.53, 2.84) |
3.64 (3.42, 3.88) |
<0.001 |
Respiratory diseases |
1.63 (1.59, 1.68) |
1.32 (1.26, 1.38) |
1.67 (1.62, 1.72) |
2.01 (1.93, 2.09) |
<0.001 |
Chronic bronchitis |
1.53 (1.47, 1.60) |
1.31 (1.22, 1.41) |
1.56 (1.48, 1.64) |
1.90 (1.79, 2.01) |
<0.001 |
Emphysema |
1.43 (1.31, 1.55) |
1.34 (1.16, 1.53) |
1.45 (1.31, 1.61) |
1.79 (1.59, 2.02) |
<0.001 |
Asthma |
1.50 (1.44, 1.56) |
1.17 (1.09, 1.26) |
1.50 (1.43, 1.58) |
1.72 (1.62, 1.82) |
<0.001 |
Digestive diseases |
1.40 (1.37, 1.43) |
1.30 (1.25, 1.35) |
1.47 (1.43, 1.51) |
1.60 (1.54, 1.66) |
<0.001 |
Gastritis |
1.27 (1.24, 1.31) |
1.26 (1.21, 1.31) |
1.34 (1.30, 1.38) |
1.40 (1.35, 1.46) |
<0.001 |
Peptic ulcer |
1.28 (1.24, 1.33) |
1.19 (1.13, 1.26) |
1.31 (1.25, 1.36) |
1.44 (1.37, 1.52) |
<0.001 |
Enterocolitis |
1.46 (1.38, 1.54) |
1.28 (1.17, 1.40) |
1.53 (1.43, 1.64) |
1.67 (1.54, 1.81) |
<0.001 |
Gallstone |
1.26 (1.20, 1.33) |
1.20 (1.11, 1.30) |
1.30 (1.23, 1.38) |
1.41 (1.31, 1.51) |
<0.001 |
Liver cirrhosis |
1.69 (1.58, 1.80) |
1.33 (1.19, 1.49) |
1.70 (1.56, 1.84) |
2.16 (1.97, 2.37) |
<0.001 |
Chronic hepatitis |
1.56 (1.47, 1.65) |
1.21 (1.10, 1.34) |
1.59 (1.48, 1.70) |
1.77 (1.63, 1.92) |
<0.001 |
Neuromuscular diseases |
2.06 (2.01, 2.12) |
1.61 (1.54, 1.69) |
2.21 (2.13, 2.28) |
2.83 (2.72, 2.94) |
<0.001 |
Central nerve disorders |
1.84 (1.75, 1.93) |
1.47 (1.36, 1.60) |
1.97 (1.85, 2.09) |
2.34 (2.18, 2.51) |
<0.001 |
Peripheral neuropathy |
2.49 (2.38, 2.59) |
1.84 (1.71, 1.98) |
2.79 (2.64, 2.94) |
3.66 (3.44, 3.88) |
<0.001 |
Multiple nerve palsy |
2.45 (2.32, 2.58) |
1.78 (1.62, 1.96) |
2.70 (2.52, 2.90) |
3.56 (3.30, 3.84) |
<0.001 |
Multiple sclerosis |
2.52 (2.17, 2.93) |
1.36 (1.04, 1.79) |
2.56 (2.13, 3.09) |
3.23 (2.64, 3.96) |
<0.001 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
2.23 (2.02, 2.47) |
1.46 (1.22, 1.75) |
2.24 (1.97, 2.54) |
3.11 (2.71, 3.57) |
<0.001 |
Endocrine diseases |
1.66 (1.61, 1.71) |
1.34 (1.28, 1.40) |
1.72 (1.66, 1.78) |
2.01 (1.93, 2.10) |
<0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus |
1.62 (1.57, 1.67) |
1.33 (1.26, 1.39) |
1.69 (1.63, 1.76) |
1.91 (1.83, 2.00) |
<0.001 |
Hypothyroidism |
1.73 (1.58, 1.88) |
1.33 (1.15, 1.54) |
1.70 (1.53, 1.89) |
2.31 (2.05, 2.60) |
<0.001 |
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
Kidney failure |
1.92 (1.77, 2.09) |
1.67 (1.45, 1.92) |
2.19 (1.97, 2.43) |
2.48 (2.20, 2.79) |
<0.001 |
Skin diseases |
1.87 (1.82, 1.92) |
1.59 (1.53, 1.66) |
2.06 (1.99, 2.12) |
2.37 (2.28, 2.46) |
<0.001 |
Psychotic diseases |
1.88 (1.78, 2.00) |
1.25 (1.13, 1.39) |
1.79 (1.67, 1.93) |
2.51 (2.32, 2.72) |
<0.001 |
Lipidemia |
1.66 (1.60, 1.72) |
1.53 (1.45, 1.61) |
1.82 (1.75, 1.90) |
2.06 (1.96, 2.16) |
<0.001 |
Table 4.Adjusted ORs1 of disease prevalence according to division/brigade-level proximity-based Agent Orange exposure by logistic regression analysis
Diseases |
High exposure (2 groups)
|
Low exposure (4 groups)
|
Moderate exposure (4 groups)
|
High exposure (4 groups)
|
Trend test4 p-value |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
Cancer |
1.03 (0.98, 1.08) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.12) |
1.06 (0.99, 1.13) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.13) |
0.19 |
Stomach |
1.07 (0.98, 1.16) |
0.98 (0.88, 1.11) |
1.09 (0.97, 1.23) |
1.00 (0.89, 1.14) |
0.50 |
Lung |
1.03 (0.91, 1.15) |
0.94 (0.80, 1.11) |
1.02 (0.87, 1.20) |
0.94 (0.79, 1.12) |
0.79 |
Liver |
1.03 (0.94, 1.14) |
1.09 (0.95, 1.26) |
1.08 (0.94, 1.25) |
1.10 (0.95, 1.28) |
0.28 |
Esophagus |
1.16 (0.95, 1.43) |
1.30 (0.96, 1.78) |
1.47 (1.09, 2.00) |
1.23 (0.88, 1.72) |
0.19 |
Colon |
1.13 (1.01, 1.26) |
0.97 (0.82, 1.14) |
1.15 (0.98, 1.35) |
1.05 (0.88, 1.24) |
0.21 |
Gall bladder |
0.94 (0.74, 1.19) |
1.12 (0.80, 1.57) |
1.00 (0.71, 1.41) |
1.03 (0.71, 1.48) |
0.90 |
Pancreas |
0.99 (0.81, 1.21) |
0.88 (0.67, 1.17) |
0.82 (0.62, 1.09) |
1.06 (0.79, 1.41) |
0.79 |
Larynx |
1.05 (0.85, 1.28) |
1.54 (1.13, 2.11) |
1.51 (1.10, 2.07) |
1.21 (0.85, 1.71) |
0.49 |
Trachea/bronchus |
0.93 (0.83, 1.05) |
1.13 (0.95, 1.34) |
0.98 (0.82, 1.16) |
1.04 (0.87, 1.26) |
0.81 |
Brain |
1.10 (0.84, 1.43) |
1.05 (0.71, 1.56) |
1.08 (0.74, 1.59) |
1.20 (0.80, 1.80) |
0.37 |
Bladder |
0.96 (0.81, 1.13) |
1.11 (0.87, 1.42) |
1.08 (0.85, 1.38) |
0.93 (0.71, 1.22) |
0.55 |
Prostate |
1.01 (0.92, 1.11) |
1.05 (0.92, 1.21) |
1.08 (0.94, 1.23) |
0.99 (0.86, 1.15) |
1.00 |
Leukemia |
1.56 (1.02, 2.38) |
1.34 (0.66, 2.70) |
1.94 (1.01, 3.73) |
1.78 (0.89, 3.57) |
0.06 |
Multiple myeloma |
1.10 (0.93, 1.29) |
0.91 (0.72, 1.16) |
0.97 (0.77, 1.22) |
1.14 (0.90, 1.45) |
0.18 |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
1.03 (0.59, 1.79) |
0.99 (0.48, 2.06) |
1.31 (0.62, 2.76) |
0.68 (0.27, 1.68) |
0.63 |
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
0.83 (0.51, 1.33) |
1.49 (0.74, 2.97) |
1.13 (0.55, 2.32) |
0.97 (0.44, 2.13) |
0.66 |
Soft tissue sarcoma |
1.10 (0.80, 1.51) |
1.27 (0.80, 2.01) |
1.37 (0.86, 2.19) |
1.16 (0.70, 1.92) |
0.57 |
Circulatory diseases |
1.05 (1.02, 1.08) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.07) |
1.07 (1.03, 1.11) |
1.07 (1.02, 1.11) |
<0.001 |
Hypertension |
1.03 (1.00, 1.06) |
0.98 (0.94, 1.02) |
1.02 (0.98, 1.06) |
1.01 (0.97, 1.06) |
0.20 |
Myocardial infarction |
1.03 (0.98, 1.09) |
1.02 (0.94, 1.10) |
1.04 (0.96, 1.13) |
1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
0.21 |
Angina pectoris |
1.03 (0.98, 1.08) |
0.96 (0.89, 1.03) |
1.01 (0.94, 1.09) |
0.99 (0.91, 1.06) |
0.84 |
Heart failure |
1.01 (0.94, 1.09) |
0.96 (0.87, 1.07) |
0.99 (0.89, 1.11) |
0.98 (0.88, 1.10) |
0.93 |
Arrhythmia |
0.98 (0.91, 1.05) |
1.05 (0.95, 1.16) |
1.00 (0.90, 1.10) |
1.01 (0.91, 1.13) |
0.90 |
Cerebral hemorrhage |
1.07 (0.96, 1.18) |
1.10 (0.94, 1.28) |
1.16 (0.99, 1.35) |
1.09 (0.92, 1.28) |
0.28 |
Cerebral infarction |
1.03 (0.96, 1.10) |
0.97 (0.88, 1.07) |
0.97 (0.88, 1.07) |
1.07 (0.97, 1.18) |
0.18 |
Arteriosclerosis |
1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
1.10 (1.01, 1.20) |
1.08 (0.99, 1.18) |
1.10 (1.00, 1.21) |
0.09 |
Buerger’s disease |
0.91 (0.76, 1.10) |
1.22 (0.94, 1.58) |
1.14 (0.87, 1.50) |
0.88 (0.65, 1.19) |
0.30 |
Peripheral vasculopathy |
1.07 (1.02, 1.13) |
1.06 (0.99, 1.14) |
1.13 (1.06, 1.22) |
1.09 (1.01, 1.17) |
0.01 |
Respiratory diseases |
1.02 (0.99, 1.05) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.07) |
1.05 (1.01, 1.10) |
1.02 (0.98, 1.07) |
0.22 |
Chronic bronchitis |
1.01 (0.96, 1.06) |
1.09 (1.02, 1.16) |
1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.13) |
0.30 |
Emphysema |
1.04 (0.95, 1.14) |
1.08 (0.94, 1.23) |
1.10 (0.96, 1.26) |
1.08 (0.93, 1.25) |
0.31 |
Asthma |
1.01 (0.97, 1.06) |
1.03 (0.97, 1.11) |
1.06 (0.99, 1.14) |
1.00 (0.93, 1.07) |
0.88 |
Digestive diseases |
1.02 (0.99, 1.05) |
1.05 (1.01, 1.09) |
1.04 (1.00, 1.09) |
1.05 (1.01, 1.10) |
0.03 |
Gastritis |
1.01 (0.98, 1.04) |
1.04 (0.99, 1.08) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
0.23 |
Peptic ulcer |
1.03 (0.99, 1.07) |
1.03 (0.97, 1.09) |
1.06 (1.00, 1.12) |
1.04 (0.98, 1.11) |
0.15 |
Enterocolitis |
1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
1.03 (0.94, 1.12) |
1.08 (0.99, 1.19) |
1.09 (0.99, 1.19) |
0.04 |
Gallstone |
1.00 (0.94, 1.06) |
0.99 (0.92, 1.08) |
0.98 (0.91, 1.06) |
1.01 (0.93, 1.10) |
0.89 |
Liver cirrhosis |
1.04 (0.96, 1.12) |
1.04 (0.94, 1.16) |
1.09 (0.98, 1.21) |
1.03 (0.92, 1.16) |
0.47 |
Chronic hepatitis |
1.06 (1.00, 1.14) |
1.10 (1.01, 1.21) |
1.14 (1.04, 1.26) |
1.12 (1.01, 1.23) |
0.03 |
Neuromuscular diseases |
1.05 (1.02, 1.09) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
1.07 (1.03, 1.12) |
1.08 (1.03, 1.13) |
<0.001 |
Central nerve disorders |
1.00 (0.94, 1.05) |
1.03 (0.96, 1.11) |
0.99 (0.92, 1.07) |
1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
0.44 |
Peripheral neuropathy |
1.07 (1.02, 1.12) |
1.02 (0.96, 1.09) |
1.10 (1.03, 1.17) |
1.06 (0.99, 1.14) |
0.02 |
Multiple nerve palsy |
1.14 (1.08, 1.21) |
1.09 (1.00, 1.18) |
1.21 (1.11, 1.32) |
1.19 (1.09, 1.30) |
<0.001 |
Multiple sclerosis |
1.24 (1.06, 1.45) |
1.26 (1.00, 1.60) |
1.51 (1.19, 1.90) |
1.35 (1.06, 1.74) |
0.01 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
1.07 (0.96, 1.20) |
1.06 (0.91, 1.23) |
1.17 (1.00, 1.37) |
1.04 (0.88, 1.23) |
0.44 |
Endocrine diseases |
1.03 (1.00, 1.06) |
0.99 (0.95, 1.04) |
1.02 (0.98, 1.07) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
0.08 |
Diabetes mellitus |
1.03 (1.00, 1.07) |
0.99 (0.94, 1.04) |
1.03 (0.98, 1.08) |
1.02 (0.97, 1.07) |
0.23 |
Hypothyroidism |
1.00 (0.91, 1.10) |
1.06 (0.93, 1.20) |
1.02 (0.89, 1.16) |
1.06 (0.92, 1.22) |
0.57 |
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
Kidney failure |
0.99 (0.91, 1.09) |
0.98 (0.87, 1.11) |
1.00 (0.88, 1.13) |
0.96 (0.84, 1.09) |
0.62 |
Skin diseases |
1.05 (1.02, 1.09) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
1.07 (1.03, 1.12) |
1.08 (1.03, 1.13) |
<0.001 |
Psychotic diseases |
1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
1.07 (0.98, 1.17) |
1.10 (1.00, 1.20) |
1.14 (1.03, 1.25) |
0.01 |
Lipidemia |
1.05 (1.01, 1.10) |
1.00 (0.95, 1.06) |
1.05 (1.00, 1.11) |
1.06 (1.00, 1.12) |
0.01 |
Table 5.Adjusted ORs1 of disease prevalence according to battalion/company-level proximity-based Agent Orange exposure by logistic regression analysis
Diseases |
High exposure (2 groups)
|
Low exposure (4 groups)
|
Moderate exposure (4 groups)
|
High exposure (4 groups)
|
Trend test4 p-value |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
OR2 (95% CI) |
Cancer |
1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
1.04 (0.98, 1.11) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.12) |
1.07 (1.00, 1.15) |
0.047 |
Stomach |
0.99 (0.92, 1.08) |
1.06 (0.96, 1.18) |
1.06 (0.95, 1.19) |
1.00 (0.89, 1.12) |
0.99 |
Lung |
0.99 (0.88, 1.10) |
1.03 (0.89, 1.19) |
0.97 (0.82, 1.14) |
1.05 (0.89, 1.23) |
0.84 |
Liver |
1.03 (0.94, 1.13) |
1.13 (1.00, 1.28) |
1.10 (0.96, 1.26) |
1.12 (0.97, 1.29) |
0.19 |
Esophagus |
1.02 (0.84, 1.24) |
1.15 (0.88, 1.49) |
1.22 (0.92, 1.61) |
0.98 (0.72, 1.33) |
0.94 |
Colon |
1.09 (0.98, 1.21) |
1.08 (0.93, 1.24) |
1.14 (0.97, 1.33) |
1.13 (0.96, 1.33) |
0.10 |
Gall bladder |
1.08 (0.86, 1.35) |
0.91 (0.68, 1.23) |
1.12 (0.81, 1.54) |
0.91 (0.65, 1.29) |
0.99 |
Pancreas |
0.97 (0.80, 1.18) |
0.91 (0.71, 1.16) |
0.88 (0.67, 1.16) |
0.96 (0.72, 1.27) |
0.70 |
Larynx |
0.99 (0.82, 1.21) |
1.24 (0.95, 1.61) |
1.23 (0.92, 1.63) |
1.02 (0.75, 1.39) |
0.90 |
Trachea/bronchus |
1.00 (0.89, 1.12) |
1.08 (0.93, 1.25) |
1.01 (0.85, 1.19) |
1.09 (0.92, 1.29) |
0.54 |
Brain |
1.06 (0.82, 1.36) |
0.99 (0.70, 1.38) |
1.00 (0.69, 1.44) |
1.11 (0.76, 1.61) |
0.60 |
Bladder |
1.09 (0.93, 1.28) |
0.83 (0.67, 1.04) |
1.06 (0.85, 1.33) |
0.90 (0.71, 1.15) |
0.94 |
Prostate |
1.05 (0.96, 1.15) |
1.04 (0.92, 1.17) |
1.04 (0.91, 1.19) |
1.11 (0.97, 1.27) |
0.15 |
Leukemia |
1.00 (0.68, 1.48) |
1.73 (0.99, 3.02) |
1.55 (0.85, 2.83) |
1.28 (0.67, 2.45) |
0.62 |
Multiple myeloma |
1.14 (0.98, 1.33) |
1.03 (0.84, 1.27) |
1.09 (0.87, 1.37) |
1.25 (0.99, 1.56) |
0.048 |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
0.69 (0.40, 1.20) |
1.39 (0.73, 2.64) |
0.92 (0.41, 2.04) |
0.76 (0.32, 1.81) |
0.38 |
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
0.83 (0.52, 1.34) |
0.98 (0.55, 1.76) |
0.71 (0.35, 1.44) |
0.95 (0.49, 1.87) |
0.64 |
Soft tissue sarcoma |
1.11 (0.82, 1.50) |
1.40 (0.93, 2.12) |
1.33 (0.84, 2.10) |
1.41 (0.89, 2.24) |
0.21 |
Circulatory diseases |
1.03 (1.01, 1.06) |
1.06 (1.02, 1.10) |
1.07 (1.03, 1.11) |
1.07 (1.03, 1.11) |
<0.001 |
Hypertension |
1.01 (0.98, 1.04) |
1.01 (0.98, 1.05) |
1.01 (0.97, 1.05) |
1.02 (0.98, 1.06) |
0.45 |
Myocardial infarction |
1.05 (1.00, 1.11) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.13) |
1.07 (0.99, 1.15) |
1.10 (1.02, 1.19) |
0.02 |
Angina pectoris |
1.01 (0.97, 1.06) |
1.01 (0.95, 1.07) |
1.03 (0.96, 1.10) |
1.00 (0.93, 1.08) |
0.75 |
Heart failure |
0.95 (0.88, 1.02) |
1.02 (0.93, 1.12) |
0.91 (0.82, 1.02) |
1.00 (0.90, 1.12) |
0.51 |
Arrhythmia |
1.04 (0.97, 1.11) |
1.02 (0.93, 1.11) |
1.07 (0.97, 1.19) |
1.01 (0.91, 1.12) |
0.52 |
Cerebral hemorrhage |
1.00 (0.91, 1.11) |
1.08 (0.95, 1.24) |
1.05 (0.91, 1.22) |
1.05 (0.90, 1.22) |
0.64 |
Cerebral infarction |
1.08 (1.01, 1.16) |
1.06 (0.98, 1.16) |
1.11 (1.01, 1.22) |
1.13 (1.03, 1.25) |
0.01 |
Arteriosclerosis |
1.04 (0.98, 1.10) |
1.08 (1.00, 1.17) |
1.09 (1.00, 1.18) |
1.09 (1.00, 1.19) |
0.05 |
Buerger’s disease |
1.00 (0.84, 1.20) |
0.96 (0.76, 1.21) |
1.17 (0.92, 1.49) |
0.75 (0.57, 1.00) |
0.27 |
Peripheral vasculopathy |
1.04 (0.99, 1.09) |
1.08 (1.02, 1.15) |
1.08 (1.01, 1.15) |
1.10 (1.03, 1.18) |
0.01 |
Respiratory diseases |
1.02 (1.00, 1.05) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.07) |
1.04 (1.00, 1.09) |
1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
0.05 |
Chronic bronchitis |
1.05 (1.01, 1.10) |
1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
1.06 (0.99, 1.13) |
1.09 (1.02, 1.17) |
0.01 |
Emphysema |
1.01 (0.92, 1.10) |
0.96 (0.85, 1.08) |
1.03 (0.91, 1.17) |
0.93 (0.82, 1.07) |
0.60 |
Asthma |
1.01 (0.96, 1.06) |
1.04 (0.98, 1.10) |
1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
1.03 (0.96, 1.10) |
0.43 |
Digestive diseases |
1.01 (0.99, 1.04) |
1.06 (1.02, 1.09) |
1.05 (1.01, 1.09) |
1.05 (1.01, 1.09) |
0.03 |
Gastritis |
1.02 (0.99, 1.05) |
1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
1.04 (1.00, 1.09) |
0.07 |
Peptic ulcer |
1.00 (0.96, 1.04) |
1.08 (1.03, 1.14) |
1.08 (1.02, 1.14) |
1.01 (0.95, 1.07) |
0.67 |
Enterocolitis |
1.00 (0.94, 1.06) |
1.05 (0.97, 1.13) |
0.99 (0.91, 1.08) |
1.07 (0.98, 1.16) |
0.37 |
Gallstone |
1.05 (0.99, 1.11) |
0.97 (0.91, 1.05) |
1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
1.01 (0.93, 1.09) |
0.41 |
Liver cirrhosis |
1.03 (0.96, 1.10) |
1.05 (0.96, 1.15) |
1.04 (0.94, 1.16) |
1.07 (0.96, 1.19) |
0.27 |
Chronic hepatitis |
1.01 (0.95, 1.08) |
1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
1.06 (0.97, 1.16) |
1.03 (0.94, 1.13) |
0.48 |
Neuromuscular diseases |
1.03 (1.00, 1.06) |
1.05 (1.01, 1.09) |
1.06 (1.02, 1.11) |
1.05 (1.00, 1.09) |
0.03 |
Central nerve disorders |
0.99 (0.94, 1.04) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.13) |
1.01 (0.94, 1.09) |
1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
0.85 |
Peripheral neuropathy |
1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
1.07 (1.01, 1.13) |
1.06 (0.99, 1.13) |
1.09 (1.02, 1.16) |
0.01 |
Multiple nerve palsy |
1.07 (1.01, 1.13) |
1.19 (1.10, 1.28) |
1.19 (1.10, 1.29) |
1.17 (1.08, 1.27) |
<0.001 |
Multiple sclerosis |
1.16 (1.01, 1.35) |
1.35 (1.10, 1.66) |
1.48 (1.19, 1.84) |
1.32 (1.05, 1.66) |
0.01 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
0.95 (0.86, 1.06) |
1.14 (1.00, 1.30) |
1.00 (0.86, 1.17) |
1.07 (0.91, 1.25) |
0.86 |
Endocrine diseases |
1.02 (0.99, 1.05) |
1.00 (0.96, 1.04) |
1.02 (0.97, 1.06) |
1.02 (0.97, 1.06) |
0.33 |
Diabetes mellitus |
1.02 (0.99, 1.06) |
1.00 (0.96, 1.04) |
1.03 (0.98, 1.07) |
1.01 (0.97, 1.06) |
0.36 |
Hypothyroidism |
1.03 (0.94, 1.13) |
1.07 (0.95, 1.20) |
1.08 (0.95, 1.24) |
1.05 (0.92, 1.21) |
0.41 |
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
Kidney failure |
0.97 (0.89, 1.05) |
1.02 (0.91, 1.14) |
1.00 (0.88, 1.13) |
0.96 (0.84, 1.09) |
0.46 |
Skin diseases |
1.05 (1.02, 1.08) |
1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
1.07 (1.03, 1.12) |
1.08 (1.03, 1.12) |
<0.001 |
Psychotic diseases |
1.04 (0.98, 1.11) |
1.15 (1.06, 1.25) |
1.11 (1.01, 1.21) |
1.17 (1.07, 1.28) |
0.01 |
Lipidemia |
1.05 (1.01, 1.09) |
1.07 (1.02, 1.12) |
1.07 (1.01, 1.13) |
1.11 (1.05, 1.17) |
<0.001 |