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JPMPH : Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

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Respiratory Health of Foundry Workers Exposed to Binding Resin.
Jung Keun Choi, Chang Ok Rhee, Do Myung Paek, Byung Soon Choi, Yong Chul Shin, Ho Keun Chung
Korean J Prev Med. 1994;27(2):274-285.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The effects of resin on the respiratory health have been investigated in 309 workers from four iron and steel foundries and the results compared with those from 122 workers who were not significantly exposed to resin gas and silica dust at the same industries. Phenol-formaldehyde resin was used in the core making and molding processes and workers were exposed to their decomposition products as well as to silica dist containing particulates The subjects were grouped according to formaldehyde, dust and other gas exposures, and smoking habits were considered also in the analysis. Standardized respiratory symptom questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers. Chest radiograph, pulmonary function tests, and methacholine challenge tests were done. Environmental measurements at the breathing zone were carried out to determine levels of formaldehyde, respirable dust and total dust. Foundry workers had a higher prevalence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis with chronic phlegm and chronic cough when exposed to dust. Exposure to gas was significantly associated with lowered FEV1 and obstructive pulmonary function changes. Exposure to formaldehyde and phenol gas was associated with wheezing symptom among workers, but FEV1 changes after methacholine challenge were not significantly different among different exposure groups. When asthma was defined as the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity with more than 20% decrease in FEV1 after methacholine challenge, 17 workers out of 222 tested had asthma. Fewer asthmatic workers were found among groups exposed to for maldehyde, gas and dust, which indicates a healthy worker effects in a cross-sectional study. The concentration of formaldehyde gas ranged from 0.24 to 0.43 ppm among studied foundries. The authors conclude that fornaldehyde and phenol gas from combust resin is probably the cause of asthmatic symptoms and also a selection force of those with higher bronchial reactivity away from exposures.
Summary
Formaldehyde exposure in the plywood manufacturing factory.
Myung Wha Ha, Doohie Kim, Hyun Sul Lim, Sang Hu Park
Korean J Prev Med. 1991;24(1):37-44.
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In the plywood manufacturing factory established in 1979, female 3 workers who had exposed to adhesives containing formaldehyde for more than 48 months of duration suffered from eye, nasal, oral, throat and skin irritation and dyspnea as chief complaints. The actual level of the exposure to formaldehyde were not estimated when the exposed workers started to have above symptoms. The environmental monitoring of workplace was measured on April 25, 1990, and the concentration of formaldehyde revealed 0.2 ppm, however the exhaustive ventilatory system was already installed at that time. Twenty six subjects from entire factory were examined by questionnaire, physical examination and spirometry, etc. on August 22, 1990. Significant difference was observed in symptoms and signs of nasal, oral and throat irritation between teh exposed group with longer duration and that with short duration. When the exposed group with longer duration was compared to the group of nonexposed, symptoms and signs of nasal, oral, throat and skin irritation, chest tightness and dullness were significantly increased in the former group. The results of the spirometric test showed that the forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume at 1 second were decreased amont the exposed group with longer duration but not significant.
Summary
A Study on the Level of Air Pollution and Noise in Pusan Area.
G L Cho, D H Moon, J Lee, H R Sin, Y W Kim, H J Park, K T Pae
Korean J Prev Med. 1990;23(4):391-403.
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In order to assess the degree of atomospheric pollution and noise and to contribute the health improvement of residents in Pusan, the author measured the levels of CO, SO2, NO2, TSP, HCHO and noise in 8 areas(industrial, residential and park areas) from January to March in 1990. The results were as follows: 1. Sasang industrial area was significantly higher (2.85 +/- 0.84ppm) in the average concentration of CO than other areas. However, there no areas to affect the human body in terms of CO concentration. 2. In general, industrial area was significantly higher (0.134 +/- 0.084ppm) in the average concentration of SO2, than other areas, and it was the lowest (0.009 +/- 0.005ppm) in the Namchon-dong area. 3. Industrial (0.033 +/- 0.009ppm) and residential area (0.029 +/- 0.004ppm) were significantly higher in the average concentration of NO2 than Park area (0.009 +/-0.001ppm). However, there were no areas to affect the human body in terms of NO2 concentration. 4. Sasang industrial area was the highest (580.4 +/- 415.26 microgram/m3) at the average concentration of TSP and Hae-Un Dae area was the lowest (97.22 +/- 37.86 microgram/m3). But TSP concentration showed the level to affect the human body in most areas. 5. Industrial area was significantly higher (2.25 +/-1.15ppb) in the average concentration of HCHO than residential (1.13 +/- 0.25ppb) and park area (1.33 +/- 0.20ppb). 6. Industrial area was significantly higher (77.28 +/- 6.92dB(A)) in the level of noise than residential (65.77 +/- 3.76dB(A)) and park area (64.65 +/- 5.25dB(A)). In comparison with regional Standard Noise Level, however, the average noise level of residential and park area was higher than that of the Standard. In general, the level of pollution of industrial complex areas was relatively higher than those of residential and park areas. Among the industrial areas, sasang area was worst in most items. Both SO2, and TSP showed the level to affect the human body in most of studied areas. It is necessary to install a new Air Quality Standard for HCHO to screen our environmental pollution.
Summary

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