Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk Imposed by Fully-vaccinated Air Travelers Attending an Island-confined Quarantine System Enabling Tourism During the Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Thunyaporn Sirijantradilok, Chanapong Rojanaworarit, Isabella Andrade, Worawaran Kallayanasit, Panunda Yodkhunnathum, Somruethai Khamsakhon, Supasit Suerungruang, Nuttawoot Photisan; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(6):552-563. Published online September 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.351

832 View
153 Download

Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to identify the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among fully vaccinated air travelers participating in an island-confined quarantine system (Phuket Sandbox Program). It also compared the differential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the difference in time-to-detection periods between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study determined the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among 63 052 air travelers who participated in a quarantine program from July 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021. Using Poisson regression with robust standard errors, we estimated the relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different brands and types of COVID-19 vaccines, adjusting for relevant covariates. We visualized the time-to-detection periods for SARS-CoV-2 infection using Kaplan-Meier failure curves and compared these curves for asymptomatic and symptomatic travelers using the log-rank test.
Results
The overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.3%. Individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S, Gam-COVID-Vac, CoronaVac, and replicating viral vector vaccines faced a significantly higher risk of infection than those who received the BNT162b2 and mRNA vaccines. The time-to-detection periods for asymptomatic and symptomatic cases did not differ significantly.
Conclusions
Despite the relatively low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a risk of breakthrough cases remained with certain vaccines. Given the high proportion of asymptomatic cases, quarantine and intermittent testing should be implemented. The mandatory quarantine system proved effective in managing positive cases without necessitating a complete shutdown of travel. Implementing an island quarantine could be a viable strategy for reintroducing travel and tourism during a future COVID-19 outbreak or a new pandemic.; Summary

Key Message
"This study evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among 63,052 fully-vaccinated air travelers participating in the Phuket Sandbox Program in 2021. A breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection rate of 0.3% was identified. Travelers vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S, Gam-COVID-Vac, CoronaVac, and replicating viral vector vaccines exhibited a higher risk of breakthrough infections than those vaccinated with BNT162b2 or other mRNA vaccines. The island-confined quarantine system combined with confirmatory COVID-19 testing effectively identified post-arrival infected travelers, demonstrating its potential as a model enabling safe tourism while preventing importation of cases into communities beyond the island during the pandemic."

A Comparison of Green, Delta, and Monte Carlo Methods to Select an Optimal Approach for Calculating the 95% Confidence Interval of the Population-attributable Fraction: Guidance for Epidemiological Research: Sangjun Lee, Sungji Moon, Kyungsik Kim, Soseul Sung, Youjin Hong, Woojin Lim, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):499-507. Published online September 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.272

1,310 View
187 Download

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study aimed to compare the Delta, Greenland, and Monte Carlo methods for estimating 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the population-attributable fraction (PAF). The objectives were to identify the optimal method and to determine the influence of primary parameters on PAF calculations.
Methods
A dataset was simulated using hypothetical values for primary parameters (population, relative risk [RR], prevalence, and variance of the beta estimator ) involved in PAF calculations. Three methods (Delta, Greenland, and Monte Carlo) were used to estimate the 95% CIs of the PAFs. Perturbation analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity of the PAF to changes in these parameters. An R Shiny application, the “GDM-PAF CI Explorer,” was developed to facilitate the analysis and visualization of these computations.
Results
No significant differences were observed among the 3 methods when both the RR and p-value were low. The Delta method performed well under conditions of low prevalence or minimal RR, while Greenland’s method was effective in scenarios with high prevalence. Meanwhile, the Monte Carlo method calculated 95% CIs of PAFs that were stable overall, though it required intensive computational resources. In a novel approach that utilized perturbation for sensitivity analysis, was identified as the most influential parameter in the estimation of CIs.
Conclusions
This study emphasizes the necessity of a careful approach for comparing 95% CI estimation methods for PAFs and selecting the method that best suits the context. It provides practical guidelines to researchers to increase the reliability and accuracy of epidemiological studies.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 인구 기여 분율(PAF)의 95% 신뢰구간을 추정하는 데 있어 Delta, Greenland, Monte Carlo 방법을 비교하여 최적의 방법을 찾고, 주요 매개변수의 변화가 PAF 계산에 미치는 영향을 분석했음. Delta 방법은 상대적으로 낮은 유병률이나 위험도(RR)가 낮을 때 적합하며, Greenland 방법은 높은 유병률에서 효과적이고, Monte Carlo 방법은 전반적으로 안정적인 결과를 제공하지만, 많은 계산 자원이 필요할 수 있음.

Key Message
This study compared Delta, Greenland, and Monte Carlo methods for calculating the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of population-attributable fractions (PAFs). While all three methods demonstrated comparable performance under conditions of low prevalence or relative risk (RR), they diverged under other scenarios. The Delta method is effective for low-prevalence or minimal RR, Greenland for high-prevalence scenarios, and Monte Carlo is robust but computationally intensive. This research offers practical guidance for selecting the appropriate method based on study conditions, enhancing the reliability of epidemiological studies in estimating PAFs.

Scoping Review

Assessment of Epidemiological Data and Surveillance in Korea Substance Use Research: Insights and Future Directions: Meekang Sung, Vaughan W. Rees, Hannah Lee, Mohammad S. Jalali; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):307-318. Published online June 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.171

2,743 View
348 Download
1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Effective data collection and surveillance of epidemiological trends are essential in confronting the growing challenges associated with substance use (SU), especially in light of emerging trends and underreporting of cases. However, research and data are scarce regarding SU and substance use disorder (SUD) in Korea.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review to identify data sources and surveillance methods used in SU research in Korea up to December 2023. This review was complemented by semi-structured consultations with experts in this area in Korea, whose feedback led to revisions of previously identified data sources and assessments.
Results
Our review identified 32 publications conducting secondary analyses on existing data to examine the epidemiology of SU and SUD in Korea. Of these, 14 studies utilized clinical databases to explore the prescription patterns of addictive substances, particularly opioids. Eleven data sources showed promise for advancing SU research; however, they face substantial limitations, including a lack of available data, missing data, the absence of key variables, the exclusion of marginalized populations not captured within the clinical system, and complexities in matching individual-level data across time points and datasets.
Conclusions
Current surveillance methods for SU in Korea face considerable challenges in accessibility, usability, and standardization. Moreover, existing data repositories may fail to capture information on populations not served by clinical or judicial systems. To systematically improve surveillance approaches, it is necessary to develop a robust and nationally representative survey, refine the use of existing clinical data, and ensure the availability of data on treatment facilities.

Summary

Key Message
- A scoping review identified eleven promising data sources for substance use research in Korea but noted substantial challenges in current surveillance methods, particularly regarding accessibility, usability, and standardization.
- Existing data repositories often miss information on marginalized populations not served by clinical or judicial systems, and suffer from data gaps, missing key variables, and complexities in matching individual-level data over time.
- To address these issues, developing a robust, nationally representative survey, refining the use of existing clinical data, and ensuring data availability from treatment facilities are essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Public discourse on substance use behavior as a driver of public policy: a scoping review of South Korean academic and official literature
Meekang Sung, Jihye Han, Carrie G. Wade, Vaughan W. Rees
Addiction Research & Theory.2025; : 1. CrossRef

Original Articles

Epidemiology of Suicide by Hanging in Fars Province, Iran (2011-2019): A Population-based Cross-sectional Study: Leila Moftakhar, Alireza Mirahmadizadeh, Sanaz Amiri, Fariba Rezaei, Habibollah Azarbakhsh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):264-271. Published online April 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.519

2,768 View
100 Download
2 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
Hanging is a common method of attempted suicide. This study investigated the epidemiological profile of attempted and completed suicides by hanging in southern Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed on 1167 suicide attempts by hanging between 2011 and 2019. All data related to suicide attempts by hanging were collected from the Fars Suicide Surveillance System. The trends in suicide cases and the mean age of attempted and completed suicides were plotted. The chi-square test was used to identify suicide-related factors. Crude rates of incidence, mortality, and standardized fatality during the study period were calculated. Finally, logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of death in individuals who attempted suicide.
Results
The mean age of those who attempted suicide was 33.21±16.82 years; the majority were male (80.5%). The rate of attempted and completed suicide by hanging were 3.50 and 2.79 per 100 000 people, respectively. The case-fatality rate was calculated as 79.34%. The results of our study indicated an increasing trend in suicide attempts by hanging. The likelihood of death was 2.28 times higher in individuals with a previous history of suicide attempts and 1.85 times higher in those with a psychological disorder.
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest an increasing trend in attempted and completed suicide by hanging, especially among individuals with a history of suicide attempts and psychological disorders. It is necessary to take action to reduce the rate of suicide attempts and identify the underlying causes of suicide attempts by hanging.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assessing the knot in a noose position by thyrohyoid and cervical spine fracture patterns in suicidal hangings using machine learning algorithms: A new insight into old dilemmas
Aleksa Leković, Arso Vukićević, Slobodan Nikolić
Forensic Science International.2024; 357: 111973. CrossRef

Annual Endovascular Thrombectomy Case Volume and Thrombectomy-capable Hospitals of Korea in Acute Stroke Care: Eun Hye Park, Seung-sik Hwang, Juhwan Oh, Beom-Joon Kim, Hee-Joon Bae, Ki-Hwa Yang, Ah-Rum Choi, Mi-Yeon Kang, S.V. Subramanian; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):145-153. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.318

3,120 View
144 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Although it is difficult to define the quality of stroke care, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with moderate-to-severe neurological deficits may benefit from thrombectomy-capable hospitals (TCHs) that have a stroke unit, stroke specialists, and a substantial endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) case volume.
Methods
From national audit data collected between 2013 and 2016, potential EVT candidates arriving within 24 hours with a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6 were identified. Hospitals were classified as TCHs (≥15 EVT case/y, stroke unit, and stroke specialists), primary stroke hospitals (PSHs) without EVT (PSHs-without-EVT, 0 case/y), and PSHs-with-EVT. Thirty-day and 1-year case-fatality rates (CFRs) were analyzed using random intercept multilevel logistic regression.
Results
Out of 35 004 AIS patients, 7954 (22.7%) EVT candidates were included in this study. The average 30-day CFR was 16.3% in PSHs-without-EVT, 14.8% in PSHs-with-EVT, and 11.0% in TCHs. The average 1-year CFR was 37.5% in PSHs-without-EVT, 31.3% in PSHs-with-EVT, and 26.2% in TCHs. In TCHs, a significant reduction was not found in the 30-day CFR (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.12), but was found in the 1-year CFR (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.96).
Conclusions
The 1-year CFR was significantly reduced when EVT candidates were treated at TCHs. TCHs are not defined based solely on the number of EVTs, but also based on the presence of a stroke unit and stroke specialists. This supports the need for TCH certification in Korea and suggests that annual EVT case volume could be used to qualify TCHs.

Summary

Korean summary
급성 허혈성 뇌졸중 환자에서 “혈관 내 혈전제거술(endovascular treatment, EVT)”의 치료효과는 여러 연구를 통해 증명되었으나, EVT 후보군에서 EVT를 제공하기 위한 의료서비스 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 5~7차 뇌졸중 적정성 평가 자료를 활용하여 연간 EVT 시행횟수와 EVT후보군의 30일, 1년 후 치명률 간의 연관성을 다수준 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 연간 15회 이상 EVT를 시행하면서 뇌졸중 전문치료실과 뇌줄중 관련 전문분과(신경과, 신경외과, 재활의학과) 전문의가 모두 있는 병원(TCHs)에서 치료받은 환자는 EVT를 시행하지 않는 병원(PSHs-without-EVT)에서 치료받는 환자에 비해 치명률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 뇌졸중 치료체계에서 EVT가능병원을 정의할 필요성을 잘 보여주고, “연간 EVT 시행횟수”는 TCHs를 정의하는 중요한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Trends in utilization and impact of hospital procedural volume on mortality after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke
Zafar Ali, Sayyeda Aleena Mufarrih, Amjad Ali, Michael G. Abraham, Gokul Ramani, Kamal Gupta
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2025; 34(1): 108133. CrossRef
Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study
Dal-Lae Jin, Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Euy Suk Chung, Seok-Jun Yoon
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(3): 260. CrossRef
Mortality and Disparities of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Korea, 2008–2019
Ji-Sook Choi, Soomin Kim, Choon-Seon Park, Hyejin Lee, Jin Yong Lee, Sun Min Kim
Yonsei Medical Journal.2024; 65(9): 534. CrossRef

Characteristics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand: Wilawan Chaiut, Ratana Sapbamrer, Sauwaluk Dacha, Tavitiya Sudjaritruk, Ida Parwati, Anton Sumarpo, Rungnapa Malasao; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):212-220. Published online March 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.019

4,018 View
218 Download
4 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study compared the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a tertiary care hospital in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
Methods
This retrospective observational study utilized data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed RSV infection at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. Differences in the clinical presentation of RSV infection before (2016 to 2019) and during (2020 to 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed and compared.
Results
In total, 358 patients hospitalized with RSV infections were reported from January 2016 to December 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, only 74 cases of hospitalized RSV infection were reported. Compared to pre-pandemic levels, the clinical presentations of RSV infection showed statistically significant decreases in fever on admission (p=0.004), productive cough (p=0.004), sputum (p=0.003), nausea (p=0.03), cyanosis (p=0.004), pallor (p<0.001), diarrhea (p<0.001), and chest pain (p<0.001). Furthermore, vigilant measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including lockdowns, also interrupted the RSV season in Thailand from 2020 to 2021.
Conclusions
The incidence of RSV infection was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, which also changed the clinical presentation and seasonal pattern of RSV infection in children.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Characterizing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Saamia I. Masoom, Gina Aloisio, Elizabeth A. Camp, James J. Dunn, Sarah D. Meskill
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2025; 87: 108. CrossRef
Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Patterns and Antibiotic Utilization in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia at a Recently Established General Hospital
Hyejin So, Kyung Min Kim, Eun Young Cho
Pediatric Infection & Vaccine.2024; 31(1): 75. CrossRef
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Giuliana Pucarelli Lebreiro1, Marianna Tavares Venceslau1, Maria Angélica Arpon Marandino Guimarães1, Thalita Fernandes Abreu2, Yarina Rangel2, Ana Cristina Cisne Frota2, Cristina Barroso Hofer1
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia.2024; : e20240072. CrossRef
Exploring the epidemiological burden of RSV pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic: A Jordanian tertiary hospital experience
Enas Al-Zayadneh, Dana Marie, Farah A. Khraisat, Suzan S. Musa, Jehad Feras AlSamhori, Dina Alkhateeb Altamimi, Alia O. Khashman, Amirah Daher, Montaha AL-Iede
Journal of International Medical Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predominance of ON1 and BA9 genotypes of human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infection in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2020–2021
Rungnapa Malasao, Wilawan Chaiut, Wanwisa Tantipetcharawan, Ratchanu Tongphung, Nicha Charoensri, Piyawan Takarn, Tavitiya Sudjaritruk, Niwat Maneekarn
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2023; 16(9): 1418. CrossRef

Projection of Cancer Incidence and Mortality From 2020 to 2035 in the Korean Population Aged 20 Years and Older: Youjin Hong, Sangjun Lee, Sungji Moon, Soseul Sung, Woojin Lim, Kyungsik Kim, Seokyung An, Jeoungbin Choi, Kwang-Pil Ko, Inah Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):529-538. Published online October 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.128

4,686 View
218 Download
4 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to identify the current patterns of cancer incidence and estimate the projected cancer incidence and mortality between 2020 and 2035 in Korea.
Methods
Data on cancer incidence cases were extracted from the Korean Statistical Information Service from 2000 to 2017, and data on cancer-related deaths were extracted from the National Cancer Center from 2000 to 2018. Cancer cases and deaths were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition. For the current patterns of cancer incidence, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates were investigated using the 2000 mid-year estimated population aged over 20 years and older. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the 2020 to 2035 trends in cancer.
Results
Overall, cancer cases were predicted to increase from 265 299 in 2020 to 474 085 in 2035 (growth rate: 1.8%). The greatest increase in the ASIR was projected for prostate cancer among male (7.84 vs. 189.53 per 100 000 people) and breast cancer among female (34.17 vs. 238.45 per 100 000 people) from 2000 to 2035. Overall cancer deaths were projected to increase from 81 717 in 2020 to 95 845 in 2035 (average annual growth rate: 1.2%). Although most cancer mortality rates were projected to decrease, those of breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer among female were projected to increase until 2035.
Conclusions
These up-to-date projections of cancer incidence and mortality in the Korean population may be a significant resource for implementing cancer-related regulations or developing cancer treatments.

Summary

Korean summary
최근 고령화 시대로 접어들고 암의 위험요인들에 대한 노출률이 변화함에 따라 암의 발생률 및 사망률에 대해서 관찰하는 것은 중요한 일이 되었다. 따라서, 본 연구는 한국인에서 2035년까지의 암에 대한 발생률과 사망률을 Joinpoint regression 모델을 이용하여 예측하였다. 남성에서는 전립선암, 여성에서는 유방암이 연령표준화 발생률이 가장 높았으며 대부분의 연령표준화 사망률은 감소하는 것으로 예상되지만 여성의 유방암, 췌장암, 난소암이 증가될 것으로 예상된다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Comparison of Green, Delta, and Monte Carlo Methods to Select an Optimal Approach for Calculating the 95% Confidence Interval of the Population-attributable Fraction: Guidance for Epidemiological Research
Sangjun Lee, Sungji Moon, Kyungsik Kim, Soseul Sung, Youjin Hong, Woojin Lim, Sue K. Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(5): 499. CrossRef
Comparison of Population Attributable Fractions of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Linked to Excess Body Weight in Korea from 2015 to 2030
Youjin Hong, Jihye An, Jeehi Jung, Hyeon Sook Lee, Soseul Sung, Sungji Moon, Inah Kim, Jung Eun Lee, Aesun Shin, Sun Ha Jee, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin, Sangmin Park, Seung-Ho Ryu, Sun Young Yang, Seung Ho Choi, Jeongseon Kim, Sang-Wook Yi, Yoon-Jung Cho
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 921. CrossRef
A Machine Learning Model for Prostate Cancer Prediction in Korean Men
Sukjung Choi, Beomgi So, Shane Oh, Hongzoo Park, Sang Wook Lee, Geehyun Song, Jong Min Lee, Jung Ki Jo, Seon Hyeok Kim, Si Eun Lee, Eun-Bi Cho, Jae Hung Jung, Jeong Hyun Kim
Journal of Urologic Oncology.2024; 22(3): 201. CrossRef
Changes in metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopause in Korean women
Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Boyoung Park
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023049. CrossRef

Hepatitis B, C, and D Virus Infections and AFP Tumor Marker Prevalence Among the Elderly Population in Mongolia: A Nationwide Survey: Davaalkham Dambadarjaa, Yerkyebulan Mukhtar, Enkh-Oyun Tsogzolbaatar, Ser-Od Khuyag, Angarmurun Dayan, Nandin-Erdene Oyunbileg, Oyu-Erdene Shagdarsuren, Gunchmaa Nyam, Yosikazu Nakamura, Masaharu Takahashi, Hiroaki Okamoto; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):263-272. Published online May 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.573

4,454 View
153 Download
2 Web of Science
2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
Infections with hepatitis B, C, and D virus (HBV, HCV, and HDV) are a major public health problem and lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-HDV immunoglobulin G, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and dual and triple hepatitis virus infections in Mongolia.
Methods
A total of 2313 participants from urban and rural regions were randomly recruited for this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors for hepatitis virus infections, and the seromarkers were measured using immunoassay kits.
Results
Among all participants, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HDV was 15.6%, 36.6%, and 14.3%, respectively. The infection rates were significantly higher in females and participants with a lower education level, rural residence, older age, and a history of blood transfusion. HBV and HCV co-infection was found in 120 (5.2%) participants and HBV, HCV, and HDV triple infection was detected in 67 (2.9%) participants. The prevalence of elevated AFP was 2.7%, 5.5%, and 2.6% higher in participants who were seropositive for HBsAg (p=0.01), anti-HCV (p<0.001), and anti-HDV (p=0.022), respectively. Elevated AFP was more prevalent in participants co-infected with HBV and HCV (5.8%, p=0.023), HBV and HDV (6.0%, p<0.001), and triple-infected with HBV, HCV, and HDV (7.5%) than in uninfected individuals.
Conclusions
Nearly half (49.8%) of the study population aged ≥40 years were infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, and 22.4% had dual or triple infections.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The values of systemic immune-inflammation index and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in predicting testicular germ cell tumors: A retrospective clinical study
Shuo Wang, Xiao Yang, Ziyi Yu, Peng Du, Yudong Cao, Yongpeng Ji, Jinchao Ma, Yong Yang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic Diversity and Possible Origins of the Hepatitis B Virus in Siberian Natives
Victor Manuylov, Vladimir Chulanov, Ludmila Bezuglova, Elena Chub, Anastasia Karlsen, Karen Kyuregyan, Yulia Ostankova, Alexander Semenov, Ludmila Osipova, Tatjana Tallo, Irina Netesova, Artem Tkachuk, Vladimir Gushchin, Sergey Netesov, Lars O. Magnius, H
Viruses.2022; 14(11): 2465. CrossRef

Special Articles

Application of Standardization for Causal Inference in Observational Studies: A Step-by-step Tutorial for Analysis Using R Software: Sangwon Lee, Woojoo Lee; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):116-124. Published online February 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.569

5,179 View
275 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Epidemiological studies typically examine the causal effect of exposure on a health outcome. Standardization is one of the most straightforward methods for estimating causal estimands. However, compared to inverse probability weighting, there is a lack of user-centric explanations for implementing standardization to estimate causal estimands. This paper explains the standardization method using basic R functions only and how it is linked to the R package stdReg, which can be used to implement the same procedure. We provide a step-by-step tutorial for estimating causal risk differences, causal risk ratios, and causal odds ratios based on standardization. We also discuss how to carry out subgroup analysis in detail.

Summary

Korean summary
본 논문에서는 standardization 방법을 이용하여 risk difference, relative risk, risk ratio와 같은 인과성 효과를 R software을 이용하여 도출하는 튜토리얼을 제공합니다. 간암환자의 치료를 예시로, 합성 데이터를 이용한 치료제의 사망에 대한 인과적 효과를 탐색하는 튜토리얼을 제공합니다. 추가적으로, 인과성 관련 기본 이론을 집약적으로 설명하였고, standardization을 이용한 subgroup analysis 수행 방법이 제공됩니다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Improved Clinical Outcomes With Early Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha Therapy in Children With Newly Diagnosed Crohn’s Disease: Real-world Data from the International Prospective PIBD-SETQuality Inception Cohort Study
Renz C W Klomberg, Hella C van der Wal, Martine A Aardoom, Polychronis Kemos, Dimitris Rizopoulos, Frank M Ruemmele, Mohammed Charrout, Hankje C Escher, Nicholas M Croft, Lissy de Ridder, Ivan D Milovanovich, James J Ashton, Paul Henderson, Oren Ledder, T
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2024; 18(5): 738. CrossRef
Cross-Sectoral Comparisons of Process Quality Indicators of Health Care Across Residential Regions Using Restricted Mean Survival Time
Hana Šinkovec, Walter Gall, Georg Heinze
Medical Care.2024; 62(11): 748. CrossRef
Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination: Impact on Clinical Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Belgium
Marjan Meurisse, Lucy Catteau, Joris A. F. van Loenhout, Toon Braeye, Laurane De Mot, Ben Serrien, Koen Blot, Emilie Cauët, Herman Van Oyen, Lize Cuypers, Annie Robert, Nina Van Goethem
Vaccines.2023; 11(2): 378. CrossRef

Network Analysis in Systems Epidemiology: JooYong Park, Jaesung Choi, Ji-Yeob Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(4):259-264. Published online July 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.190

5,331 View
165 Download
6 Web of Science
6 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF

Traditional epidemiological studies have identified a number of risk factors for various diseases using regression-based methods that examine the association between an exposure and an outcome (i.e., one-to-one correspondences). One of the major limitations of this approach is the “black-box” aspect of the analysis, in the sense that this approach cannot fully explain complex relationships such as biological pathways. With high-throughput data in current epidemiology, comprehensive analyses are needed. The network approach can help to integrate multi-omics data, visualize their interactions or relationships, and make inferences in the context of biological mechanisms. This review aims to introduce network analysis for systems epidemiology, its procedures, and how to interpret its findings.

Summary

Korean summary
본 리뷰는 시스템역학연구에 활용할 수 있는 네트워크 분석의 간략한 개념과 분석 절차 그리고 결과 해석에 대하여 소개하고 있다. 기존 역학연구의 주요 한계점은 생물학적 기전과 같은 복잡한 관계를 충분히 설명하지 못한다는 것이다. 최근 역학 연구에서 대규모의 오믹스 데이터가 활용 가능하게 됨에 따라 통합적 분석의 필요성이 제기되고 있고, 네트워크 분석 기법이 이런 다중 오믹스 데이터들을 포괄적으로 분석하는데 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A blueprint for a new commercial driving epidemiology: An emerging paradigm grounded in integrative exposome and network epistemologies
Yorghos Apostolopoulos, Sevil Sönmez, Matthew S. Thiese, Mubo Olufemi, Lazaros K. Gallos
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2024; 67(6): 515. CrossRef
Navigating the Unique Challenges of Caregiving for Children with Rare Diseases: Are the Care Experiences of All Caregivers the Same? A Focus on Life-Limiting Rare Diseases
Dariusz Walkowiak, Jan Domaradzki, Renata Mozrzymas, Łukasz Kałużny, Jarosław Walkowiak
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4510. CrossRef
A network analysis of nutritional markers and maternal perinatal mental health in the French EDEN cohort
Bethany Knox, Cédric Galera, Anne-Laure Sutter-Dallay, Barbara Heude, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Judith van der Waerden
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Applying the exposome concept to working life health
Anjoeka Pronk, Miranda Loh, Eelco Kuijpers, Maria Albin, Jenny Selander, Lode Godderis, Manosij Ghosh, Roel Vermeulen, Susan Peters, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, Michelle C. Turner, Vivi Schlünssen, Marcel Goldberg, Manolis Kogevinas, Barbara N. Harding, Svetl
Environmental Epidemiology.2022; 6(2): e185. CrossRef
Reconstruction of the Temporal Correlation Network of All-Cause Mortality Fluctuation across Italian Regions: The Importance of Temperature and Among-Nodes Flux
Guido Gigante, Alessandro Giuliani
Entropy.2022; 25(1): 21. CrossRef
Network Analysis of Demographics, Dietary Intake, and Comorbidity Interactions
Tung Hoang, Jeonghee Lee, Jeongseon Kim
Nutrients.2021; 13(10): 3563. CrossRef

COVID-19: Original Article

Did the Timing of State Mandated Lockdown Affect the Spread of COVID-19 Infection? A County-level Ecological Study in the United States: Megh M. Trivedi, Anirudha Das; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(4):238-244. Published online July 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.071

4,729 View
125 Download
8 Web of Science
8 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Objectives
Previous pandemics have demonstrated that several demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic factors may play a role in increased infection risk. During this current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, our aim was to examine the association of timing of lockdown at the county level and aforementioned risk factors with daily case rate (DCR) in the United States.
Methods
A cross-sectional study using publicly available data was performed including Americans with COVID-19 infection as of May 24, 2020. The United States counties with >100 000 population and >50 cases per 100 000 people were included. The independent variable was the days required from the declaration of lockdown to reach the target case rate (50/100 000 cases) while the dependent (outcome) variable was the DCR per 100 000 on the day of statistical calculation (May 24, 2020) after adjusting for multiple confounding socio-demographic, geographic, and health-related factors. Each independent factor was correlated with outcome variables and assessed for collinearity with each other. Subsequently, all factors with significant association to the outcome variable were included in multiple linear regression models using stepwise method. Models with best R2 value from the multiple regression were chosen.
Results
The timing of mandated lockdown order had the most significant association on the DCR per 100 000 after adjusting for multiple socio-demographic, geographic and health-related factors. Additional factors with significant association with increased DCR include rate of uninsured and unemployment.
Conclusions
The timing of lockdown order was significantly associated with the spread of COVID-19 at the county level in the United States.

Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Economic Power of Capital and the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States: An Empirical Study
Junfu Zhao
Review of Radical Political Economics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors of COVID-19 Prevention Behavior in Indonesia: A Mixed-methods Study
Putri Winda Lestari, Lina Agestika, Gusti Kumala Dewi
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(1): 21. CrossRef
Assessing the Impacts of COVID-19 and Social Isolation on Mental Health in the United States of America
Alexander Fulk, Raul Saenz-Escarcega, Hiroko Kobayashi, Innocent Maposa, Folashade Agusto
COVID.2023; 3(6): 807. CrossRef
Understanding mental health trends during COVID-19 pandemic in the United States using network analysis
Hiroko Kobayashi, Raul Saenz-Escarcega, Alexander Fulk, Folashade B. Agusto, Karina Cardoso Meira
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(6): e0286857. CrossRef
Conspiratorial Ideation Is Associated with Lower Perceptions of Policy Effectiveness: Views from Local Governments during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Adam Mayer, Stacia Ryder
Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings
Caitriona Murphy, Wey Wen Lim, Cathal Mills, Jessica Y. Wong, Dongxuan Chen, Yanmy Xie, Mingwei Li, Susan Gould, Hualei Xin, Justin K. Cheung, Samir Bhatt, Benjamin J. Cowling, Christl A. Donnelly
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Closures and Openings on Public Health in the Time of COVID-19: A Cross-Country and Temporal Trend Analysis
Long Chu, R. Quentin Grafton, Tom Kompas, Mary-Louise McLaws
Sage Open.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association mining based approach to analyze COVID-19 response and case growth in the United States
Satya Katragadda, Raju Gottumukkala, Ravi Teja Bhupatiraju, Azmyin Md. Kamal, Vijay Raghavan, Henry Chu, Ramesh Kolluru, Ziad Ashkar
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Special Article

Introduction to Mediation Analysis and Examples of Its Application to Real-world Data: Sun Jae Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(3):166-172. Published online May 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.069

12,018 View
488 Download
22 Web of Science
25 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF

Traditional epidemiological assessments, which mainly focused on evaluating the statistical association between two major components-the exposure and outcome-have recently evolved to ascertain the in-between process, which can explain the underlying causal pathway. Mediation analysis has emerged as a compelling method to disentangle the complex nature of these pathways. The statistical method of mediation analysis has evolved from simple regression analysis to causal mediation analysis, and each amendment refined the underlying mathematical theory and required assumptions. This short guide will introduce the basic statistical framework and assumptions of both traditional and modern mediation analyses, providing examples conducted with real-world data.

Summary

Korean summary
본 리뷰에서는 전통적으로 쓰여왔던 회귀분석 기반 매개요인분석방법과 인과적 매개요인분석방법에 대하여 간략히 소개하며, 또한 예시를 들어 설명하고 있다. 매개요인 분석 전에는 필요한 가정들이 맞는 지를 확인하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 분석결과를 올바르게 해석하는 것 또한 요구된다. 이러한 방법은 그동안의 노출-결과만을 다루는 단순 역학연구을 뛰어넘어, 인구집단연구에서 매커니즘을 밝히는 도구로서 유용하게 쓰일 것이다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Residential greenspace and blood lipids in an essential hypertension population: Mediation through PM2.5 and chemical constituents
Ruoyi Lei, Ling Zhang, Xin Liu, Ce Liu, Ya Xiao, Baode Xue, Zengwu Wang, Jihong Hu, Zhoupeng Ren, Bin Luo
Environmental Research.2024; 240: 117418. CrossRef
The mediation roles of intermuscular fat and inflammation in muscle mitochondrial associations with cognition and mobility
Qu Tian, Philip R. Lee, Qi Yang, Anne Z. Moore, Bennett A. Landman, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2024; 15(1): 138. CrossRef
Mediators of the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review
Nicholas Grubic, Braeden Hill, Katherine S. Allan, Katerina Maximova, Hailey R. Banack, Marina del Rios, Amer M. Johri
Canadian Journal of Cardiology.2024; 40(6): 1088. CrossRef
Airway inflammation accelerates pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis
Theodore G. Liou, Natalia Argel, Fadi Asfour, Perry S. Brown, Barbara A. Chatfield, David R. Cox, Cori L. Daines, Dixie Durham, Jessica A. Francis, Barbara Glover, My Helms, Theresa Heynekamp, John R. Hoidal, Judy L. Jensen, Christiana Kartsonaki, Ruth Ke
iScience.2024; 27(3): 108835. CrossRef
Association Between Improved Serum Fatty Acid Profiles and Cognitive Function During a Dietary Intervention Trial in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Solange M. Saxby, Carlyn Haas, Farnoosh Shemirani, Tyler J. Titcomb, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Karin F. Hoth, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
International Journal of MS Care.2024; 26(2): 61. CrossRef
Effects of Covid-19-related anxiety on overeating and weight gain in a diverse college sample
Stephanie Guzman, Robert D. Melara
Journal of American College Health.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Childhood undernutrition mediates the relationship between open defecation with anemia among Ethiopian children: a nationally representative cross-sectional study
Biniyam Sahiledengle, Pammla Petrucka, Fikreab Desta, Yordanos Sintayehu, Telila Mesfin, Lillian Mwanri
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diet-Induced Changes in Functional Disability among People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Secondary Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Pilot Trials
Allison R. Groux, Elizabeth S. Walker, Farnoosh Shemirani, Jennifer E. Lee, Amanda K. Irish, Linda M. Rubenstein, Linda G. Snetselaar, Warren G. Darling, Terry L. Wahls, Tyler J. Titcomb
Sclerosis.2024; 2(3): 156. CrossRef
School Violence Exposure as an Adverse Childhood Experience: Protocol for a Nationwide Study of Secondary Public Schools
Sonali Rajan, Navjot Buttar, Zahra Ladhani, Jennifer Caruso, John P. Allegrante, Charles Branas
JMIR Research Protocols.2024; 13: e56249. CrossRef
Perseverance reduces whereas impulsivity increases the risk of reoffending
Marie Joséphine Hamatschek, Melanie S. Richter, Klaus-Peter Dahle
Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie.2024; 18(3): 273. CrossRef
The impact of chewing khat during pregnancy on selected pregnancy outcomes in eastern Ethiopia: A cohort study with a generalized structural equation modeling analysis approach
Amsalu Taye Wondemagegn, Miressa Bekana, Yonas Bekuretsion, Mekbeb Afework, Trhas Tadesse Berhe
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(8): e0308681. CrossRef
Structural Influences on Methamphetamine Use Among Black Sexual Minority Men (HISTORY Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Samuel C O Opara, Sabriya L Linton, Brian W Weir, Natalie D Crawford, David P Holland, Antonio Newman Jr, McKinsey Bullock, Marcus O Reed, Srija Dutta, Kamini Doraivelu, Charles Stephens, Justin C Smith, Yeeli Mui, Sophia A Hussen
JMIR Research Protocols.2024; 13: e63761. CrossRef
Association between dietary diversity, nutritional status, and academic performance of school-age children in Southeast Ethiopia using structural equation modelling
Girma Beressa, Abera Biratu, Bikila Lencha, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Demisu Zenbaba, Desalegn Bekele, Yohannes Tekalegn, Kenenisa Beressa
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Region of Chief Complaint is Associated With Aesthetic Expectation in Prosthodontic Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Rui Zhu, Zihan Zhang, Zhebin Yan, Xiao Yi, Yunhao Zheng, Meijun Zhan, Yapeng Pei, Xin Xiong, Haiyang Yu
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The modified role including mediating and synergistic interactive effects of glucose tolerance status in the associations between relative fat mass and the risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality from the 4C cohort study
Peiqiong Luo, Danpei Li, Yaming Guo, Xiaoyu Meng, Ranran Kan, Xuefeng Yu
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mixed heavy metals exposure affects the renal function mediated by 8-OHG: A cross-sectional study in rural residents of China
Xiaoyu Tian, Xiaobing Shan, Li Ma, Chenyang Zhang, Mei Wang, Jie Zheng, Ruoyi Lei, Li He, Jun Yan, Xun Li, Yanjun Bai, Keqin Hu, Sheng Li, Jingping Niu, Bin Luo
Environmental Pollution.2023; 317: 120727. CrossRef
Association between the overall burden of comorbidity and Ct values among the older patients with Omicron infection: Mediated by inflammation
Meixia Wang, Hongfei Mi, Na Li, Qingfeng Shi, Wei Sun, Tingjuan He, Jiabing Lin, Wenting Jin, Xiaodong Gao, Bijie Hu, Chenghao Su, Jue Pan
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Preferences of Young Polish Renters: Findings from the Mediation Analysis
Janusz Sobieraj, Marek Bryx, Dominik Metelski
Buildings.2023; 13(4): 920. CrossRef
Association of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 and mood following the Swank and Wahls elimination dietary interventions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Secondary analysis of the WAVES trial
Farnoosh Shemirani, Tyler J. Titcomb, Solange M. Saxby, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Karin F. Hoth, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.2023; 75: 104743. CrossRef
Mediation Analysis of Maternal Smoking, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight on the Texas–Mexico Border
Chinodebem Ogbutor, Stephanie M. Mishaw, Zuber D. Mulla
Southern Medical Journal.2023; 116(6): 478. CrossRef
Individual exposure of ambient particulate matters and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal Polyps: Dose-Response, mediation effects and recurrence prediction
Jiajia Wang, Shen Shen, Bing Yan, Yunsheng He, Guoji Zhang, Chunguang Shan, Qintai Yang, Long Qin, Zhijian Duan, Luyun Jiang, Xin Wang, Xin Wei, Chengshuo Wang, Rui Chen, Luo Zhang
Environment International.2023; 177: 108031. CrossRef
The association between lead exposure and crime: A systematic review
Maria Jose Talayero, C. Rebecca Robbins, Emily R. Smith, Carlos Santos-Burgoa, Naveen Puttaswamy
PLOS Global Public Health.2023; 3(8): e0002177. CrossRef
Mediation analysis of mental health characteristics linking social needs to life satisfaction among immigrants
David Adzrago, Faustine Williams
SSM - Population Health.2023; 24: 101522. CrossRef
Maternal anemia and baby birth size mediate the association between short birth interval and under-five undernutrition in Ethiopia: a generalized structural equation modeling approach
Desalegn Markos Shifti, Catherine Chojenta, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Deborah Loxton
BMC Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Elevated Maternal Psychological Distress, Altered Fetal Brain, and Offspring Cognitive and Social-Emotional Outcomes at 18 Months
Yao Wu, Kristina M. Espinosa, Scott D. Barnett, Anushree Kapse, Jessica Lynn Quistorff, Catherine Lopez, Nickie Andescavage, Subechhya Pradhan, Yuan-Chiao Lu, Kushal Kapse, Diedtra Henderson, Gilbert Vezina, David Wessel, Adré J. du Plessis, Catherine Lim
JAMA Network Open.2022; 5(4): e229244. CrossRef

COVID-19: Perspective

A Chinese Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Did Not Show Infectivity During the Incubation Period: Based on an Epidemiological Survey: Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):67-69. Published online March 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.048

10,062 View
1,087 Download
4 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF

Controversy remains over whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus may have infectivity during the incubation period before the onset of symptoms. The author had the opportunity to examine the infectivity of COVID-19 during the incubation period by conducting an epidemiological survey on a confirmed patient who had visited Jeju Island during the incubation period. The epidemiological findings support the claim that the COVID-19 virus does not have infectivity during the incubation period.

Summary

Korean summary
잠복기 동안 제주도를 방문했던 중국인 COVID-19 확진자에 대한 역학조사를 수행하였다. 환자와 직접 접촉한 11명을 14일간 격리조치 하였는데, 이들 모두 격리해제까지 COVID-19 감염증상을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 역학조사 결과는 잠복기때는 감염력이 없다는 주장을 뒷받침한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Presymptomatic, asymptomatic and post-symptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2: joint British Infection Association (BIA), Healthcare Infection Society (HIS), Infection Prevention Society (IPS) and Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) guidance
Moira A. Mugglestone, Natasha V. Ratnaraja, Aggie Bak, Jasmin Islam, Jennie A. Wilson, Jennifer Bostock, Samuel E. Moses, James R. Price, Michael Weinbren, Heather P. Loveday, Lucy Rivett, Simon M. Stoneham, A. Peter R. Wilson
BMC Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of COVID-19 with an ultralong incubation period
Yujin Wang, Qingwen Wang, Kai Wang, Congkuan Song, ZiXin Guo, Weidong Hu
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.2021; 42(2): 242. CrossRef
Sources of Infection Among Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Jeju Province, Korea
Moonkyong Hwang, Jong-Myon Bae
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2021; 54(4): 245. CrossRef
Airborne SARS-CoV-2: Weighing the Evidence for Its Role in Community Transmission
Samuel Pecho-Silva, Kovy Arteaga-Livias, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2020; 53(3): 178. CrossRef

Methods

Health Indicators Related to Disease, Death, and Reproduction: Jeoungbin Choi, Moran Ki, Ho Jang Kwon, Boyoung Park, Sanghyuk Bae, Chang-Mo Oh, Byung Chul Chun, Gyung-Jae Oh, Young Hoon Lee, Tae-Yong Lee, Hae Kwan Cheong, Bo Youl Choi, Jung Han Park, Sue K. Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(1):14-20. Published online January 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.250

14,009 View
239 Download
18 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

One of the primary goals of epidemiology is to quantify various aspects of a population’s health, illness, and death status and the determinants (or risk factors) thereof by calculating health indicators that measure the magnitudes of various conditions. There has been some confusion regarding health indicators, with discrepancies in usage among organizations such as the World Health Organization the, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the CDC of other countries, and the usage of the relevant terminology may vary across papers. Therefore, in this review, we would like to propose appropriate terminological definitions for health indicators based on the most commonly used meanings and/or the terms used by official agencies, in order to bring clarity to this area of confusion. We have used appropriate examples to make each health indicator easy for the reader to understand. We have included practical exercises for some health indicators to help readers understand the underlying concepts.

Summary

Korean summary
본 논문에서는 질병과 사망, 출생 관련 지표들의 개념과 종류를 설명하고, 특히 연구자들이 흔히 혼동하여 사용하는 지표들에 대한 적절한 정의를 제시하였다. 또한 지표들의 예시를 부록으로 수록하여 독자들이 지표의 개념을 보다 쉽게 습득하도록 돕고자 하였다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Dying whilst on probation: a scoping review of mortality amongst those under community justice supervision
SE Perrett, C Craddock, BJ Gray
Perspectives in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Preschool and child health: Evidence from China's universal child care reform
Meiqing Ren
Economics of Education Review.2024; 100: 102540. CrossRef
Understanding demographic events and migration patterns in two urban slums of Nairobi City in Kenya
Evans Omondi, Samuel Iddi, Sharon Chepkemoi, Bylhah Mugotitsa, Steve Cygu, Boscow Okumu, Abdhalah Ziraba, Damazo T. Kadengye, Agnes Kiragga
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of users of medication targeting obstructive lung disease, the reasons for prescriptions and the use of spirometry in Upernavik Health Center in the period from 2011-2016, a retrospective observational study as basis for future quality developm
Hans Kallerup, Mette Bordinggaard Brøndserud
International Journal of Circumpolar Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
On the severity of COVID‐19 infections in 2021 in Italy
Fabio Divino, Antonello Maruotti, Alessio Farcomeni, Giovanna Jona‐Lasinio, Gianfranco Lovison, Massimo Ciccozzi
Journal of Medical Virology.2022; 94(4): 1281. CrossRef
High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens
Michael G Walsh, Amrita Pattanaik, Navya Vyas, Deepak Saxena, Cameron Webb, Shailendra Sawleshwarkar, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
International Journal of Epidemiology.2022; 51(5): 1408. CrossRef
Using correlation analysis to examine the impact of Covid-19 pandemics on various socioeconomic aspects: Case study of Indonesia
Fitriadi Fitriadi, Jiuhardi Jiuhardi, Arfiah Busari, Yana Ulfah, Hakim Permadi, Erwin Kurniawan, Dio Darma
Geographica Pannonica.2022; 26(2): 128. CrossRef
Mortality among psychiatric inpatients in China: A national survey
Xiaodong Wu, Lei Xia, Yating Yang, Ling Zhang, Mengdie Li, Tingfang Liu, Yuanli Liu, Robert O. Cotes, Feng Jiang, Yi-lang Tang, Huanzhong Liu
Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2022; 77: 103262. CrossRef
Mortality Analysis During July & September 2022 At Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi
Rizwana Shahid, Sadia Khan, Rabbia Khalid, Muhammad Umar, Shaikh Abdul Rehman, Nargis Zaidi
Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2022; : 40. CrossRef
Predicción del índice de mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular mediante la caminata al azar probabilista
Javier Rodríquez Velásquez, Ediltrudis Ramos de la Cruz, Jairo Javier Jattin Balcázar, Jorge Gómez Rojas, Ribká Soracipa Muñoz
Revista de Salud Pública.2022; 24(5): 1. CrossRef
Low mammalian species richness is associated with Kyasanur Forest disease outbreak risk in deforested landscapes in the Western Ghats, India
Michael G. Walsh, Rashmi Bhat, Venkatesh Nagarajan-Radha, Prakash Narayanan, Navya Vyas, Shailendra Sawleshwarkar, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
One Health.2021; 13: 100299. CrossRef
Mortality and complications of scrub typhus in the paediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kaushik Mukhopadhyay, Samir Chakrabarty, Chandan Chatterjee, Saheli Chatterjee Misra
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2021; 115(11): 1234. CrossRef
Relation between molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) occurrence and war pollutants in bombarded regions
R Elzein, E Chouery, F Abdel-Sater, R Bacho, F Ayoub
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.2021; 24(12): 1808. CrossRef
Use of Population-Based Surveys for Estimating the Population Size of Persons Who Inject Drugs in the United States
Heather Bradley, Elizabeth M Rosenthal, Meredith A Barranco, Tomoko Udo, Patrick S Sullivan, Eli S Rosenberg
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2020; 222(Supplement): S218. CrossRef
Whence the next pandemic? The intersecting global geography of the animal-human interface, poor health systems and air transit centrality reveals conduits for high-impact spillover
Michael G. Walsh, Shailendra Sawleshwarkar, Shah Hossain, Siobhan M. Mor
One Health.2020; 11: 100177. CrossRef
The Impact of COVID-19 on African American Communities in the United States
Elena Cyrus, Rachel Clarke, Dexter Hadley, Zoran Bursac, Mary Jo Trepka, Jessy G. Dévieux, Ulas Bagci, Debra Furr-Holden, Makella Coudray, Yandra Mariano, Sandra Kiplagat, Ines Noel, Gira Ravelo, Michelle Paley, Eric F. Wagner
Health Equity.2020; 4(1): 476. CrossRef
SAĞLIK RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNE GÖRE ÜLKELERİN KÜMELENMESİ VE ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME TEKNİKLERİYLE SAĞLIK DURUMU GÖSTERGELERİNİN ANALİZİ
Faruk YILMAZ, Selma SÖYÜK
Sosyal Guvence.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Prohibition on Changing Workplaces and Fatal Occupational Injuries among Chinese Migrant Workers in South Korea
Ju-Yeun Lee, Sung-il Cho
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(18): 3333. CrossRef

Perspective

Introduction of Phylodynamics for Controlling the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Korea: Jong-Myon Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):326-328. Published online October 22, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.150

5,109 View
77 Download

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: As over 1000 new cases of HIV/AIDS occur in Korea annually, preventive health programs against HIV/AIDS are urgently needed. Since phylodynamic studies have been suggested as a way to understand how infectious diseases are transmitted and evolve, phylodynamic inferences can be a useful tool for HIV/AIDS research. In particular, phylodynamic models are helpful for dating the origins of an epidemic and estimating its basic reproduction number. Thus, the introduction of phylodynamics would be a highly valuable step towards controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Korea.; Summary

Korean summary
국내 HIV/AIDS 신환자가 지속적으로 발생하고 있는 상황에서, 다른 나라에서는 HIV 감염관리에 계통역동학을 적용하고 있다. 이는 감염원과 감염경로를 알아내고, 기본재생산지수를 산출하도록 해주기 때문이다. 따라서 국내 HIV/AIDS 관리를 위해 계통역동학 적용을 적극 제안한다.”

First
Prev
Page of 4
Next
Last

Search