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Original Article
- Non-vaccination Against COVID-19 Among Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants Adults in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study, 2022
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):397-406. Published online August 17, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.078
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- 2 Web of Science
- 2 Crossref
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Abstract
Summary
PDF - Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with non-vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the Venezuelan immigrant population residing in Peru.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from the Second Survey of the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru in 2022. The dependent variable was vaccination status against COVID-19. The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and migratory characteristics of the included population. Crude and adjusted generalized linear Poisson-family models were used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
A total of 7739 Venezuelan migrants aged 18 years or older were included. The proportion of non-vaccination against COVID-19 was 5.7%. Regarding associated factors, unemployment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.65) was linked to an increased likelihood of not being vaccinated against COVID-19. In contrast, women (aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.95), possessing a migration permit (aPR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.54), and having health insurance (aPR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.81) were associated with a decreased likelihood of being unvaccinated.
Conclusions
The primary governmental and non-governmental institutions responsible for supporting and protecting the Venezuelan migrant and refugee population should improve vaccination access by issuing migration permits and providing health insurance. -
SummaryKey Message
• Vaccination against COVID-19 is a strategy that should be provided equitably to the entire population. However, there are vulnerable groups such as Venezuelan migrants who have structural, cultural and socioeconomic barriers that limit access to this prevention system. • In Peru, about 6% of Venezuelan migrants have not received the complete vaccination schedule against COVID-19 due to the lack of employment in this population. In fact, the majority (61.9%) of Venezuelan migrants have only received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine by February 2022.Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Health Conditions of Immigrant, Refugee, and Asylum-Seeking Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Sidiane Rodrigues Bacelo, Vagner Ferreira do Nascimento, Anderson Reis de Sousa, Sabrina Viegas Beloni Borchhardt, Luciano Garcia Lourenção
COVID.2026; 6(1): 18. CrossRef - A scoping review of the available literature on the epidemiologic profile of migrants in-transit through South America, Central America, and Mexico from 2013-2025
Rachel Gittinger, Emma Halper, Nushrat Nur, Audrey Kennar, Hannah Thomas, Samantha Loh, Katrina M. Byrd, Daniel Ehlman, Nirma D. Bustamante
Journal of Migration and Health.2026; 14: 100422. CrossRef
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