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Original Article
- Social Capital in Digitally Mediated Communities: Conditional Associations With Depressive Mood in Korea
- Kyungmin Baek
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2026;59(5):489-497. Published online July 13, 2026
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.305
- 564 View
- 27 Download
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Abstract
Summary
PDF - Objectives
This study examined whether engagement with different online community environments moderates the association between social capital and depressive mood.
Methods
Using the 2023 Korea Social Integration Survey (n=8221), a nationally representative survey conducted by the Korea Institute of Public Administration, social capital was measured as an index of participation in 9 types of voluntary and community organizations, and depressive mood was assessed using a single-item measure of day-to-day emotional distress. Ordinary least squares regression models with interaction terms were used to determine whether the association between social capital and depressive mood varied across 3 types of online community environments: messenger services, social networking services (SNS), and membership-based online communities.
Results
Higher levels of social capital were associated with higher levels of depressive mood (b=0.327), contrary to the conventional assumption that social participation is uniformly beneficial. Interaction analyses indicated that this association varied across online community environments. Frequent messenger service use was associated with a weaker positive association between social capital and depressive mood (b=−0.084), whereas SNS use showed a smaller and more conditional moderating effect (b=−0.042). Use of membership-based online communities was not a statistically significant moderator.
Conclusions
The mental health implications of social participation depend on how social engagement is organized across offline and online contexts. Relationally oriented digital environments, particularly messenger services, may attenuate the emotional burden associated with extensive social participation. These findings underscore the need to consider digitally mediated community environments in public mental health research and interventions. -
SummaryKorean summary
한국의 전국 단위 표본(n=8,221)을 대상으로 한 연구에서, 공식적인 지역사회 단체에 더 많이 참여할수록 우울감이 낮아지는 것이 아니라 오히려 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연관성은 메신저를 자주 사용하는 집단에서는 상당히, SNS를 자주 사용하는 집단에서는 다소 약하게 나타난 반면, 회원제 온라인 커뮤니티의 경우에는 유의미한 조절 효과가 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 사회적 참여를 장려하는 공공 정신건강 전략은 단순히 참여의 양(빈도)에만 초점을 맞출 것이 아니라, 참여가 이루어지는 디지털 환경을 포함한 구체적인 참여 조건까지 함께 고려해야 한다.Key Message
In a nationally representative Korean sample (n=8,221), greater participation in formal community organizations was associated with higher, not lower, depressive mood. This association was substantially weaker among frequent messenger users and modestly weaker among frequent SNS users, whereas membership-based online communities showed no significant moderation. Public mental health strategies that promote social participation should attend to the conditions of engagement, including the digital environments that organize it, rather than its volume alone.
COVID-19: Original Article
- Factors Affecting Public Non-compliance With Large-scale Social Restrictions to Control COVID-19 Transmission in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bunga Christitha Rosha, Indri Yunita Suryaputri, Irlina Raswanti Irawan, Prisca Petty Arfines, Agus Triwinarto
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(4):221-229. Published online June 24, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.101
- 11,946 View
- 452 Download
- 15 Web of Science
- 14 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
The Indonesian government issued large-scale social restrictions (called Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar, or PSBB) at the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to control the spread of COVID-19 in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Greater Jakarta). Public compliance poses a challenge when implementing large-scale social restrictions, and various factors have contributed to public non-compliance with the regulation. This study aimed to determine the degree of non-compliance and identify the factors that contributed to public non-compliance with the PSBB in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia.
Methods
This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 839 residents of Greater Jakarta participated in this study. Data were collected online using a Google Form, and convenience sampling was undertaken. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between public non-compliance with the PSBB regulation and socio-demographic variables, respondents’ opinion of the PSBB, and social capital.
Results
A total of 22.6% of subjects reported participating in activities that did not comply with the PSBB. The variables that most affected non-compliance with the PSBB were age, gender, income, opinion of the PSBB, and social capital.
Conclusions
Strengthening social capital and providing information about COVID-19 prevention measures, such as washing one’s hands with soap, wearing masks properly, and maintaining social distancing, is essential. Robust public understanding will foster trust and cooperation with regard to COVID-19 prevention efforts and provide a basis for mutual agreement regarding rules/penalties. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
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Hyelim Shin, Taesik Lee
Socio-Economic Planning Sciences.2026; 106: 102577. CrossRef - Effectiveness of social distancing under partial compliance of individuals
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Yusuf Hanafi, Ahmad Taufiq, Muhammad Saefi, M. Alifudin Ikhsan, Tsania Nur Diyana, Andy Hadiyanto, Yedi Purwanto, Muhammad Fahmi Hidayatullah
Journal of Religion and Health.2023; 62(1): 627. CrossRef - Why Do We Not Follow Lifesaving Rules? Factors Affecting Nonadherence to COVID-19 Prevention Guidelines in Indonesia: Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives
Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Alfonsa Liquory Seran, Christopher Raymond, Maria Silvia Merry, Roheena Tahir, Gregorius Abanit Asa, Paul Russell Ward
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8502. CrossRef - The COVID-19 Health Protocol among University Students: Case Studies in Three Cities in Indonesia
D. Daniel, Arif Kurniawan, Ajeng Rahastri Indah Pinawati, Morrin Choirunnisa Thohira, Md Annaduzzaman
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(17): 10630. CrossRef - The converging influence of social, economic and psychological factors on public responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
Lu-Anne Swart, Naiema Taliep, Ghouwa Ismail, Ashley van Niekerk
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Gregorius Abanit Asa, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Melkianus Ratu, Paul Russell Ward
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Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Agung Dwi Laksono, Setia Pranata, Zainul Khaqiqi Nantabah
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2022; 15(7): 308. CrossRef
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