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Special Article
Examining the Role of Psychosocial Stressors in Hypertension
Komal Marwaha
J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):499-505.   Published online November 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.266
  • 5,650 View
  • 256 Download
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Despite advances in medicine and preventive strategies, fewer than 1 in 5 people with hypertension have the problem under control. This could partly be due to gaps in fully elucidating the etiology of hypertension. Genetics and conventional lifestyle risk factors, such as the lack of exercise, unhealthy diet, excess salt intake, and alcohol consumption, do not fully explain the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, it is necessary to revisit other suggested risk factors that have not been paid due attention. One such factor is psychosocial stress. This paper explores the evidence for the association of psychosocial stressors with hypertension and shows that robust evidence supports the role of a chronic stressful environment at work or in marriage, low socioeconomic status, lack of social support, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, childhood psychological trauma, and racial discrimination in the development or progression of hypertension. Furthermore, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that link psychosocial stress to hypertension are explained to address the ambiguity in this area and set the stage for further research.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Lifestyle Factors, Sociodemographic Characteristics and Incident Hypertension: A Prospective Analysis of the Korean National Health Insurance Service Sample Cohort
    Jung-Eun Lee, Anthony Kityo, Sang-Ah Lee
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(9): 959.     CrossRef
  • Health-related factors and dysregulation of epigenetic related genes in metabolic syndrome trigger finger patients and smoker trigger finger patients: preliminary analysis of patient-derived sample
    Abdulaziz M. F. Shayea, Amna A. Alshatti, Danah H. Alfadhli, Almutairi Fatimah Ibrahim, Mariam Kh. Almutairi, Mohammed Sh. Nadar
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adjustment disorders, hypertension and type 2 diabetes: a cardiologist’s view (literature review)
    D.K. Miloslavsky, S.M. Koval
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2023; 19(5): 383.     CrossRef
  • Letter to the Editor: Insights on Health, Religion/Spirituality, and Vulnerable Populations
    Fides A. del Castillo
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(1): 97.     CrossRef
  • Moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between anxiety and somatization symptoms in middle‐aged and elderly female patients with hypertension
    Haifei Shen, Ri Zhang, XiuJie Zhang, Ying Zhang, Yan Liu, Wei Song, Yunpeng Cheng, Minghui Yang, Yinong Jiang, Yan Lu
    The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2023; 25(7): 647.     CrossRef
  • Investigating the Mediating Role of Attachment Styles in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Hypertension
    M Molaei, F Shahabizadeh
    Journal of Health and Care.2023; 25(2): 135.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the health of child protection workers: A call to action
    Javier F. Boyas, Debra Moore, Maritza Y. Duran, Jacqueline Fuentes, Jana Woodiwiss, Leah McCoy, Antonella Cirino
    Health Promotion Perspectives.2022; 12(4): 381.     CrossRef
Systematic Review
Vitamin D Deficiency and Comorbidities as Risk Factors of COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Pinki Mishra, Rizwana Parveen, Ram Bajpai, Nidhi Agarwal
J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):321-333.   Published online June 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.640
  • 5,344 View
  • 198 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Extensive evidence links low vitamin D status and comorbidities with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, but the results of published studies are contradictory. Therefore, we investigated the association of lower levels of vitamin D and comorbidities with the risk of COVID-19 infection.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov for articles published until August 20, 2021. Sixteen eligible studies were identified (386 631 patients, of whom 181 114 were male). We included observational cohort and case-control studies that evaluated serum levels of vitamin D in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results
Significantly lower vitamin D levels were found in COVID-19-positive patients (MD, -1.70; 95% CI, -2.74 to -0.66; p=0.001), but with variation by study design (case-control: -4.04; 95% CI, -5.98 to -2.10; p<0.001; cohort: -0.39; 95% CI, -1.62 to 0.84; p=0.538). This relationship was more prominent in female patients (MD, -2.18; 95% CI, -4.08 to -0.28; p=0.024) than in male patients (MD, -1.74; 95% CI, -3.79 to 0.31; p=0.096). Male patients showed higher odds of having low vitamin D levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.38 to 3.17; p<0.001) than female patients (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.86; p=0.477). Comorbidities showed inconsistent, but generally non-significant, associations with COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
Low serum vitamin-D levels were significantly associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. This relationship was stronger in female than in male COVID-19 patients. Limited evidence was found for the relationships between comorbidities and COVID-19 infection, warranting large population-based studies to clarify these associations.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of vitamin D on the incidence and severity of COVID-19
    V. V. Krivosheev, L. Yu. Nikitina, I. V. Kozlovskiy, A. V. Fedorov
    Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor).2024; (1): 27.     CrossRef
  • Ukrainian Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults
    Nataliia Grygorieva, Mykola Tronko, Volodymir Kovalenko, Serhiy Komisarenko, Tetiana Tatarchuk, Ninel Dedukh, Mykola Veliky, Serhiy Strafun, Yulia Komisarenko, Andrii Kalashnikov, Valeria Orlenko, Volodymyr Pankiv, Oleg Shvets, Inna Gogunska, Svitlana Reg
    Nutrients.2024; 16(2): 270.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
    Marharyta Sobczak, Rafał Pawliczak
    Nutrients.2024; 16(10): 1402.     CrossRef
  • Methodological issues in designing and reporting of systematic reviews in assessing association between vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 severity
    R Bajpai
    QJM: An International Journal of Medicine.2023; 116(5): 406.     CrossRef
  • Mechanistic Insight into the role of Vitamin D and Zinc in Modulating Immunity Against COVID-19: A View from an Immunological Standpoint
    Nuzhat Ahsan, Mohammad Imran, Yousuf Mohammed, Fatme Al Anouti, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Tanushree Banerjee, Mohd Adnan, Fauzia Ashfaq, Marek Kieliszek, Syed Amir Ashraf, Afrozul Haq
    Biological Trace Element Research.2023; 201(12): 5546.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years?
    Petra Rust, Cem Ekmekcioglu
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(7): 5400.     CrossRef
  • Self-Reported Pre-Pandemic Physical Activity and Likelihood of COVID-19 Infection: Data from the First Wave of the CoCo-Fakt Survey
    Nikola Schmidt, Andreas Gehlhar, Barbara Grüne, Annelene Kossow, Thomas Kraus, Johannes Nießen, Stefanie Wessely, Christine Joisten
    Sports Medicine - Open.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in adults: Ukrainian experts consensus statement
    N.V. Grygorieva, M.D. Tronko, V.M. Kovalenko, S.V. Komisarenko, T.F. Tatarchuk, N.V. Dedukh, M.M. Veliky, S.S. Strafun, Y.I. Komisarenko, A.V. Kalashnikov, V.L. Orlenko, V.I. Pankiv, O.V. Shvets, I.V. Gogunska, S.I. Regeda
    PAIN, JOINTS, SPINE.2023; 13(2): 60.     CrossRef
  • Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19: A Biological Database Study on Pathways and Gene-Disease Associations
    Ángela Alcalá-Santiago, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Marta Rava, María Ángeles Jiménez-Sousa, Ángel Gil, María José Sánchez, Esther Molina-Montes
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(22): 14256.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Modeling Survival in Patients With Brain Stroke in the Presence of Competing Risks
Solmaz Norouzi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran, Farshid Farzipoor, Ramazan Fallah
J Prev Med Public Health. 2021;54(1):55-62.   Published online December 7, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.463
  • 3,661 View
  • 133 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
After heart disease, brain stroke (BS) is the second most common cause of death worldwide, underscoring the importance of understanding preventable and treatable risk factors for the outcomes of BS. This study aimed to model the survival of patients with BS in the presence of competing risks.
Methods
This longitudinal study was conducted on 332 patients with a definitive diagnosis of BS. Demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected by a validated checklist. Patients’ mortality status was investigated by telephone follow-up to identify deaths that may be have been caused by stroke or other factors (heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, etc.). Data were analyzed by the Lunn-McNeil approach at alpha=0.1.
Results
Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.19; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 3.48; 69-75 years: aHR, 5.04; 90% CI, 3.25 to 7.80; ≥76 years: aHR, 5.30; 90% CI, 3.40 to 8.44), having heart disease (aHR, 1.65; 90% CI, 1.23 to 2.23), oral contraceptive pill use (women only) (aHR, 0.44; 90% CI, 0.24 to 0.78) and ischemic stroke (aHR, 0.52; 90% CI, 0.36 to 0.74) were directly related to death from BS. Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: aHR, 21.42; 90% CI, 3.52 to 130.39; 75-69 years: aHR, 16.48; 90% CI, 2.75 to 98.69; ≥76 years: aHR, 26.03; 90% CI, 4.06 to 166.93) and rural residence (aHR, 2.30; 90% CI, 1.15 to 4.60) were directly related to death from other causes. Significant risk factors were found for both causes of death.
Conclusions
BS-specific and non-BS-specific mortality had different risk factors. These findings could be utilized to prescribe optimal and specific treatment.
Summary
Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model to Modify Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Police Officers in Iran: A Quasi-experimental Study
Mohsen Saffari, Hormoz Sanaeinasab, Hassan Jafarzadeh, Mojtaba Sepandi, Keisha-Gaye N. O'Garo, Harold G. Koenig, Amir H. Pakpour
J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(4):275-284.   Published online June 18, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.095
  • 8,316 View
  • 381 Download
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Police officers may be at a greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population due to their highstress occupation. This study evaluated how an educational program based on the health belief model (HBM) may protect police officers from developing CVD.
Methods
In this single-group experimental study, 58 police officers in Iran participated in a 5-week intervention based on HBM principles. Outcomes included changes in scores on an HBM scale, time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), body mass index (BMI), blood lipid profile, blood glucose, and blood pressure. The intervention consisted of 5 HBM-based educational sessions. Follow-up was conducted at 3 months post-intervention. The paired t-test was used to examine differences between baseline and follow-up scores.
Results
All aspects of the HBM scale improved between baseline and follow-up (p<0.05), except the cues to action subscale. Self-efficacy and preventive behaviors improved the most. BMI decreased from 26.7±2.9 kg/m2 at baseline to 25.8±2.4 kg/m2 at follow-up. All components of the lipid profile, including triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, showed significant improvements post-intervention. Blood glucose and blood pressure also decreased, but not significantly. Nearly 25% of participants who were not physically active at baseline increased their physical activity above or beyond the healthy threshold.
Conclusions
A relatively brief educational intervention based on HBM principles led to a significant improvement in CVD risk factors among police officers. Further research is needed to corroborate the effectiveness of this intervention.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • An Intervention Program Using the Health Belief Model to Modify Lifestyle in Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial
    Mohsen Saffari, Hormoz Sanaeinasab, Hojat Rashidi-jahan, Fardin Aghazadeh, Mehdi Raei, Fatemeh Rahmati, Faten Al Zaben, Harold G. Koenig
    International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2024; 31(4): 631.     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Police Officers in Kozhikode Corporation
    Aparna Padmanabhan, Jayakrishnan Thayyil, G Alan, Siju Kumar
    Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024; 28(1): 45.     CrossRef
  • Effect of educational intervention on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among school teachers: a quasi-experimental study in a suburb of Kolkata, West Bengal, India
    Anubrata Karmakar, Aritra Bhattacharyya, Bijit Biswas, Aparajita Dasgupta, Lina Bandyopadhyay, Bobby Paul
    BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effect of educational intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension with application of health belief model: A quasi-experimental study
    Fatemeh Mohammadkhah, Abbas Shamsalinia, Fatemeh Rajabi, Pooyan Afzali Hasirini, Ali Khani Jeihooni
    JRSM Cardiovascular Disease.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessment of Compliance with Healthy Lifestyle Standards by the Instructional Staff of Higher Educational Institutions
    Ivan М. Okhrimenko, Viacheslav V. Zasenko, Olena V. Chebotaryova, Alla L. Dushka, Andrii V. Lapin, Nataliia O. Kvitka, Iryna A. Holovanovа
    Acta Balneologica.2022; 64(5): 463.     CrossRef
  • Educational interventions in relation to the level of physical activities for police officers: a systematic literature review
    Cleise Cristine Ribeiro Borges Oliveira, Carla Tatiane Oliveira Silva, Carolina de Souza-Machado, Fernanda Carneiro Mussi, Ana Carla Carvalho Coelho, Cláudia Geovana Da Silva Pires
    International Journal for Innovation Education and Research.2022; 10(12): 301.     CrossRef
  • Application of health education and promotion theory-based interventions on patients with cardiovascular disease
    Bahram Mohebbi, Maryam Sabouri, Azar Tol
    Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021; 10(1): 236.     CrossRef
Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Korean Men
Riccardo Ferraresso
J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(2):135-142.   Published online February 13, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.292
  • 4,542 View
  • 150 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
In recent years, multiple studies have investigated the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Korea. However, most of those studies have focused on IPV against women, while overlooking the problem of men IPV victimization. Considering this, the current study identified risk and protective factors for IPV and examined their influence on IPV victimization among Korean men.
Methods
We used a nationally representative sample of 1668 Korean men from the 2013 Korea National Survey on Domestic Violence. The associations between potential IPV risk factors and different types of IPV were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Specifically, separate analyses were conducted of 5 types of IPV (neglect, controlling behaviors, emotional violence, economic violence, and physical violence).
Results
The prevalence of IPV among Korean men and women showed only marginal gender differences. Controlling behaviors (men, 23.3%; women, 23.9%) and emotional violence (men, 16.5%; women, 18.8%) were the most common types of IPV reported, followed by neglect (men, 11.2%; women, 11.7%). Separate logistic regression analyses for the 5 subtypes of IPV revealed that mutual IPV was a strong predictor of IPV. Men who abused their wives were more likely to experience neglect (odds ratio [OR], 29.24; p<0.01), controlling behaviors (OR, 36.61; p<0.01), emotional violence (OR, 58.07; p<0.01), economic violence (OR, 18.78; p<0.01), and physical violence (OR, 38.09; p<0.01).
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that IPV intervention strategies should particularly focus on couples whose relationship is characterized by patterns of bidirectional violence.
Summary

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Associated With Willingness To Report Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) to Police in South Korea
    Chunrye Kim, Riccardo Ferraresso
    Journal of Interpersonal Violence.2022; 37(13-14): NP10862.     CrossRef
  • Ugandan Men Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Nationally Representative Data
    Jacinta Waila, Herman Lule, Michael Lowery Wilson, Till Bärnighausen, Anne Abio
    Journal of Prevention.2022; 43(4): 567.     CrossRef
Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Dementia in the Korean Elderly: A 10-Year Nationwide Cohort Study
Min-Ah Nah, Kyeong Soo Lee, Tae-Yoon Hwang
J Prev Med Public Health. 2020;53(1):56-63.   Published online January 3, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.117
  • 5,293 View
  • 180 Download
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the risk of dementia in the Korean elderly.
Methods
A 10-year retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort database. We excluded those who were under 65 years of age as of January 2006 (n=46 113), those who were diagnosed with dementia between 2002 and 2005 (n=9086), and those with a history of stroke prior to AF diagnosis (n=8392). We used a Cox proportional hazards model with a time-varying covariate to determine whether AF is associated with the risk of dementia after adjusting for potential confounders.
Results
In univariable Cox regression, the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia according to AF status was 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 1.33). After adjusting for potential confounders, AF was found to increase the risk of dementia (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17), Alzheimer dementia (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17), and vascular dementia (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.18). In patients diagnosed with AF, the incidence of dementia was lower (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.52) in patients who were treated with oral anticoagulants.
Conclusions
Investigating the potential risk factors of dementia in an aged society is important. We found a slightly higher risk of dementia in those with AF than in those without AF, and we therefore concluded that AF is a potential risk factor for dementia.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구에서는 국민건강보험공단 노인표본코호트 자료를 사용하여 심방세동의 유무가 치매의 발생위험과 연관되어 있는지 분석하였다. 잠재적인 교란변수들을 통제하여 분석한 결과 심방세동은 치매(HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.17), 알츠하이머 치매(HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.17), 혈관성 치매(HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.18) 발생과 연관되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한 편, 심방세동 환자에서의 항응고제 복용은 치매 발생위험(HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.52)을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of risk factors on the development and mortality of early- and late-onset dementia: an 11-year longitudinal nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea
    Min Young Chun, Wonjeong Chae, Sang Won Seo, Hyemin Jang, Jihwan Yun, Duk L. Na, Dongwoo Kang, Jungkuk Lee, Dustin B. Hammers, Liana G. Apostolova, Sung-In Jang, Hee Jin Kim
    Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effect of oral anticoagulants on the incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Fakhar Latif, Muhammad Moiz Nasir, Komail K. Meer, Syed Husain Farhan, Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema, Adam Bilal Khan, Mohammad Umer, Wajeeh Ur Rehman, Adeel Ahmad, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Talal Almas, Sebastian Mactaggart, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Raheel Ahmed, Sourbh
    International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention.2024; 21: 200282.     CrossRef
  • Progressive Memory Decline in a Patient With Atrial Septal Defect: Case Report and Literature Review
    Yaw Amo Wiafe, Gordon Manu Amponsah, George Asafu Adjaye Frimpong, Isaac Kofi Owusu
    Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • FIBRILAÇÃO ATRIAL E DEMÊNCIA VASCULAR: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
    Caroline Melo de Sousa, Milena Nunes Alves Sousa, Fabrício Kleber de Lucena Carvalho
    Revista Contemporânea.2022; 2(3): 739.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effect of oral anticoagulants on incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation
    Mingjie Lin, Wenqiang Han, Jingquan Zhong, Lin Wu
    International Journal of Clinical Practice.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation: Short versus long follow‐up. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Marco Zuin, Loris Roncon, Angelina Passaro, Cristina Bosi, Carlo Cervellati, Giovanni Zuliani
    International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2021; 36(10): 1488.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Utility of the Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease
    Bin Zhou, Masanori Fukushima
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(22): 8661.     CrossRef
Probability of Early Retirement Among Emergency Physicians
Jaemyeong Shin, Yun Jeong Kim, Jong Kun Kim, Dong Eun Lee, Sungbae Moon, Jae Young Choe, Won Kee Lee, Hyung Min Lee, Kwang Hyun Cho
J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(3):154-162.   Published online May 17, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.079
  • 7,386 View
  • 150 Download
  • 16 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Early retirement occurs when one’s job satisfaction suffers due to employment mismatch resulting from factors such as inadequate compensation. Medical doctors report high levels of job stress and burnout relative to other professionals. These levels are highest among emergency physicians (EPs), and despite general improvements in their working conditions, early retirement continues to become more common in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing EPs intention to retire early and to develop a probability equation for its prediction.
Methods
A secondary analysis of data from the 2015 Korean Society of Emergency Physicians Survey was performed. The variables potentially influencing early retirement were organized into personal characteristics, extrinsic factors, and intrinsic factors. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors and to develop a probability equation; these findings were then arranged in a nomogram.
Results
Of the 377 survey respondents included in the analysis, 48.0% intended to retire early. Risk factors for early retirement included level of satisfaction with the specialty and its outlook, slanderous reviews, emergency room safety, health status, workload intensity, age, and hospital type. Intrinsic factors (i.e., slanderous reviews and satisfaction with the specialty and its outlook) had a stronger influence on early retirement than did extrinsic factors.
Conclusions
To promote career longevity among EPs, it is vital to improve emergency room safety and workload intensity, to enhance medical professionalism through a stronger vision of emergency medicine, and to strengthen the patient-doctor relationship.
Summary

Citations

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    Robert Holliman, Lee Wallis, Colleen Saunders
    African Journal of Emergency Medicine.2024; 14(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Gabrielle Trepanier, Viviane Falardeau, Gurpreet Sohi, Veronique Richard
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    Franziska U. Jung, Erik Bodendieck, Melanie Luppa, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
    BMC Health Services Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Typology of predictors of limitations to professionalization of physicians over working age in national health systems
    Irina L. Krom, Maria D. Sapogova, Anastasia A. Rebrova, Maria М. Orlova
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    Jay M. Brenner, Chadd Kraus, Rebecca R. Goett, Monisha Dilip, Elizabeth P. Clayborne, Nick Kluesner
    Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Working in value‐discrepant environments inhibits clinicians’ ability to provide compassion and reduces well‐being: A cross‐sectional study
    Alina Pavlova, Sarah‐Jane Paine, Shane Sinclair, Anne O'Callaghan, Nathan S. Consedine
    Journal of Internal Medicine.2023; 293(6): 704.     CrossRef
  • Clinical adaptations for advanced career emergency physicians: an approach to support practice transition
    Riyad B. Abu-Laban, Nicholas G. W. Rose, David Migneault, Erin Fukushima, Kerry E. Walker, Jill McEwen
    Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine.2023; 25(12): 931.     CrossRef
  • Won't you stay just a little bit longer? A discrete choice experiment of UK doctors’ preferences for delaying retirement
    Jennifer Cleland, Terry Porteous, Ourega-Zoé Ejebu, Mandy Ryan, Diane Skåtun
    Health Policy.2022; 126(1): 60.     CrossRef
  • Early-Career Physician Burnout
    Leelach Rothschild, Ciera Ward
    Anesthesiology Clinics.2022; 40(2): 315.     CrossRef
  • Retiring From Pediatric Emergency Medicine Too Soon?
    Bharati Beatrix Bansal, Matthew Sunil Mathew, Quiera Booker-Nubie, Sarah E. Messiah, Vincent J. Wang
    Pediatric Emergency Care.2022; 38(6): 253.     CrossRef
  • Cortisol awakening response in the airborne rescue service
    D Braun, M Frank, L Theiler, K Petrowski
    Occupational Medicine.2022; 72(5): 332.     CrossRef
  • The age‐old question: Thematic analysis of focus groups on physician experiences of aging in emergency medicine
    William Binder, Casey O. Abrahams, Jordan M. Fox, Elizabeth Nestor, Janette Baird
    Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identifying contemporary early retirement factors and strategies to encourage and enable longer working lives: A scoping review
    Donna M. Wilson, Begoña Errasti‐Ibarrondo, Gail Low, Pauline O'Reilly, Fiona Murphy, Anne Fahy, Jill Murphy
    International Journal of Older People Nursing.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • ‘Should I stay or should I go now?’: A qualitative study of why UK doctors retire
    Jennifer Cleland, Terry Porteous, Ourega‐Zoe Ejebu, Diane Skåtun
    Medical Education.2020; 54(9): 821.     CrossRef
  • Breaking the Gender Gap: A Two-part Observational Study of the Gender Disparity Among Korean Academic Emergency Physicians
    Mi Jin Lee, ChangHo Kim
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2020; 53(5): 362.     CrossRef
  • Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in: the older physician in the COVID-19 pandemic
    Carmelle Peisah, Peter Hockey, Susan Mary Benbow, Betsy Williams
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Malaria Risk Factors in Kaligesing, Purworejo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia: A Case-control Study
Pratiwi Cahyaningrum, Sulistyawati Sulistyawati
J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(3):148-153.   Published online May 16, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.036
  • 7,602 View
  • 332 Download
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Malaria remains a public health concern worldwide, including Indonesia. Purworejo is a district in which endemic of malaria, they have re-setup to entering malaria elimination in 2021. Accordingly, actions must be taken to accelerate and guaranty that the goal will reach based on an understanding of the risk factors for malaria. Thus, we analysed malaria risk factors based on human and housing conditions in Kaligesing, Purworejo, Indonesia.
Methods
A case-control study was carried out in Kaligesing subdistrict, Purworejo, Indonesia in July to August 2017. A structured questionnaire and checklist were used to collect data from 96 participants, who consisted of 48 controls and 48 cases. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results
Bivariate analysis found that education level, the presence of a cattle cage within 100 m of the house, not sleeping under a bednet the previous night, and not closing the doors and windows from 6 p.m. to 5 a.m. were significantly (p≤0.25) associated with malaria. Of these factors, only not sleeping under a bednet the previous night and not closing the doors and windows from 6 p.m. to 5 a.m. were significantly associated with malaria.
Conclusions
The findings of this study demonstrate that potential risk factor for Malaria should be paid of attention all the time, particularly for an area which is targeting Malaria elimination.
Summary

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    Noor Alis Setiyadi, Ira Handayani, Sayono Sayono, Tepanata Pumpaibool, Irfanul Chakim
    F1000Research.2022; 11: 1261.     CrossRef
  • Malaria risk factors in northern Namibia: The importance of occupation, age and mobility in characterizing high-risk populations
    Jennifer L. Smith, Davis Mumbengegwi, Erastus Haindongo, Carmen Cueto, Kathryn W. Roberts, Roly Gosling, Petrina Uusiku, Immo Kleinschmidt, Adam Bennett, Hugh J. Sturrock, Khin Thet Wai
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(6): e0252690.     CrossRef
  • Malaria Risk Factors in Banjarnegara, Indonesia: A Matched Case-Control Study
    Sulistyawati SULISTYAWATI, Rokhmayanti ROKHMAYANTI, Fajar FATMAWATI
    Journal of UOEH.2020; 42(2): 161.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Malaria Infection and Seropositivity in the Elimination Area of Grand’Anse, Haiti: A Case–Control Study among Febrile Individuals Seeking Treatment at Public Health Facilities
    Ruth A. Ashton, Vena Joseph, Lotus L. van den Hoogen, Kevin K. A. Tetteh, Gillian Stresman, Matt Worges, Thomas Druetz, Michelle A. Chang, Eric Rogier, Jean Frantz Lemoine, Chris Drakeley, Thomas P. Eisele
    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 103(2): 767.     CrossRef
Hazardous Alcohol Use in 2 Countries: A Comparison Between Alberta, Canada and Queensland, Australia
Diana C. Sanchez-Ramirez, Richard Franklin, Donald Voaklander
J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(5):311-319.   Published online July 14, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.040
  • 8,001 View
  • 136 Download
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This article aimed to compare alcohol consumption between the populations of Queensland in Australia and Alberta in Canada. Furthermore, the associations between greater alcohol consumption and socio-demographic characteristics were explored in each population. Methods: Data from 2500 participants of the 2013 Alberta Survey and the 2013 Queensland Social Survey were analyzed. Regression analyses were used to explore the associations between alcohol risk and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: A higher rate of hazardous alcohol use was found in Queenslanders than in Albertans. In both Albertans and Queenslanders, hazardous alcohol use was associated with being between 18 and 24 years of age. Higher income, having no religion, living alone, and being born in Canada were also associated with alcohol risk in Albertans; while in Queenslanders, hazardous alcohol use was also associated with common-law marital status. In addition, hazardous alcohol use was lower among respondents with a non-Catholic or Protestant religious affiliation. Conclusions: Younger age was associated with greater hazardous alcohol use in both populations. In addition, different socio-demographic factors were associated with hazardous alcohol use in each of the populations studied. Our results allowed us to identify the socio-demographic profiles associated with hazardous alcohol use in Alberta and Queensland. These profiles constitute valuable sources of information for local health authorities and policymakers when designing suitable preventive strategies targeting hazardous alcohol use. Overall, the present study highlights the importance of analyzing the socio-demographic factors associated with alcohol consumption in population-specific contexts.
Summary

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  • Relationship between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and substance use among college students in southeastern Iran
    Mansoor Kodori, Sajjad Khosravi, Nadia Oroomiei, Maryam Abdoli, Morteza Ali Moradi, Tahereh Fani, Leili Abedi Gheshlaghi
    Journal of Substance Use.2023; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Predicting Hazardous Alcohol Drinking Behaviors in Family Members of Hazardous Alcohol-Drinker Patients
    Ching-Yen Chen, Chen-Chun Lin, Jung-Ta Kao, Wen-Ling Yeh, Chiao-Yun Lin, Yun-Fang Tsai
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5497.     CrossRef
  • Alcohol use disorder and its associated factors among residents in Southern Ethiopia during the era of COVID-19
    Habtamu Endashaw Hareru, Abdene Weya Kaso, Berhanu Gidisa Debela, Lulu Abebe, Daniel Sisay W/tsadik, Reta Kassa Abebe, Chalachew Kassaw
    SAGE Open Medicine.2022; 10: 205031212211050.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with alcohol use and abuse in Brazilian primary health care settings
    Tatiana Longo Borges, Ligiane Paula da Cruz de Sousa, Emilene Reisdorfer, Kelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana, Sandra Cristina Pillon, Adriana Inocenti Miasso
    Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2021; 35(5): 486.     CrossRef
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    Kym Roberts, Ogilvie Thom, Susan Devine, Peter A. Leggat, Amy E. Peden, Richard C. Franklin
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    Yohannes Gebreegziabhere Haile, Kaleab Berhanu Kebede, Asnake Limenhe, Kassahun Habatmu, Atalay Alem
    Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Todd A. Norwood, Clarissa Encisa, Xiaotian Wang, Laura Seliske, Jessie Cunningham, Prithwish De
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  • Prevalence of alcohol consumption and related factors among students of higher education centers in one of the northeastern cities of Iran
    Behrad Pourmohammadi, Moahammad Ali Jalilvand
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    Amy E. Peden, Richard C. Franklin, Peter A. Leggat
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  • Alcohol Consumption and Risky Drinking Patterns among College Students from Selected Countries of the Carpathian Euroregion
    Maria Zadarko-Domaradzka, Zbigniew Barabasz, Marek Sobolewski, Edyta Nizioł-Babiarz, Beata Penar-Zadarko, Agnieszka Szybisty, Emilian Zadarko
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Seroreactivity to Q Fever Among Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea
Hyuk Chu, Seok-Ju Yoo, Kyu-Jam Hwang, Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee, Mi-Yeoun Park
J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(3):195-200.   Published online May 11, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.017
  • 6,820 View
  • 168 Download
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Q fever is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide; however, little is known about its prevalence in South Korea. We attempted to determine the prevalence of Q fever seroreactivity among Korean slaughterhouse workers and the risk factors for seroreactivity according to the type of work.
Methods
The study was conducted among 1503 workers at a total of 73 slaughterhouses and 62 residual-product disposal plants. During the study period, sites were visited and surveys were administered to employees involved in slaughterhouse work, and serological tests were performed on blood samples by indirect immunofluorescence assays. Serological samples were grouped by job classification into those of slaughter workers, residual-product handlers, inspectors and inspection assistants, and grading testers and testing assistants. Employee risk factors were analyzed according to the type of work.
Results
Out of 1481 study subjects who provided a blood sample, 151 (10.2%) showed reactive antibodies. When these results were analyzed in accordance with the type of work, the result of slaughter workers (11.3%) was similar to the result of residual-product handlers (11.4%), and the result of inspectors and assistants (5.3%) was similar to the result of grading testers and assistants (5.4%). Among those who answered in the affirmative to the survey question, “Has there been frequent contact between cattle blood and your mouth while working?” the proportions were 13.4 and 4.6%, respectively, and this was identified as a risk factor that significantly varied between job categories among slaughterhouse workers.
Conclusions
This study found a Q fever seroreactivity rate of 10.2% for slaughterhouse workers, who are known to be a high-risk population. Contact with cattle blood around the mouth while working was the differential risk factor between job categories among slaughterhouse workers.
Summary

Citations

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  • Q Fever in Greece and Factors of Exposure: A Multiregional Seroprevalence Study
    Magdalini K Christodoulou, Konstantinos Tsaras, Charalambos Billinis, Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis, Dimitrios Papagiannis
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors associated with Q fever infection in slaughterhouse workers in Fars province, Iran
    Alireza Zakeri, Maryam Montaseri, Seyed Shahram Shekarforoush
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2023; 96(4): 597.     CrossRef
  • First report of an outbreak of “Q” fever IN an abattoir from Argentina
    Natalia Marina Cardillo, Reginaldo Bastos, Araceli García, Rosendo Pérez, Ezequiel García, Susana Lloveras, Carlos Suarez
    Zoonoses and Public Health.2023; 70(8): 674.     CrossRef
  • Seroepidemiologic evidence of Q fever and associated factors among workers in veterinary service laboratory in South Korea
    Dilaram Acharya, Ji-Hyuk Park, Jeong-Hoon Chun, Mi Yeon Kim, Seok-Ju Yoo, Antoine Lewin, Kwan Lee, José Reck
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(2): e0010054.     CrossRef
  • Exposure of South African Abattoir Workers to Coxiella burnetii
    Liesl De Boni, Sumaya Mall, Veerle Msimang, Alex de Voux, Jennifer Rossouw, John Frean
    Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2022; 7(2): 28.     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in a dairy cattle herd from the Al Ain region, United Arab Emirates
    Robert Barigye, Nabeeha Abdelgaleel D. Hassan, Ibrahim M. Abdalla Alfaki, Mike B. Barongo, Mohamed Elfatih H. Mohamed, Khaja Mohteshamuddin
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  • Seroreactivity to Coxiella burnetii in an Agricultural Population and Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Ticks of a Non-Endemic Region for Q Fever in South Korea
    Jeong-Rae Yoo, Mi-Sun Kim, Sang-Taek Heo, Hyun-Joo Oh, Jung-Hwan Oh, Seo-Young Ko, Jeong-Ho Kang, Sung-Kgun Lee, Woo-Seong Jeong, Gil-Myeong Seong, Hyun-Jung Lee, Chul-Hoo Kang, Ji-Hyun Moon, Keun-Hwa Lee, Sung-Wook Song
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    Seung Hun Lee, Jae Hoon Lee, Sungdo Park, Hae Kyung Lee, Seon Do Hwang, Hye Won Jeong, Jung Yeon Heo, Yeong Seon Lee
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    M. Pouquet, N. Bareille, R. Guatteo, L. Moret, F. Beaudeau
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    Hassan Tariq, Muhammad Umar Kamal, Jasbir Makker, Sara Azam, Usman Ali Pirzada, Vaniza Mehak, Kishore Kumar, Harish Patel
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  • Clinical characteristics of acute Q fever patients in South Korea and time from symptom onset to serologic diagnosis
    Jung Yeon Heo, Young Wha Choi, Eun Jin Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Seung Kwan Lim, Seon Do Hwang, Ju Young Lee, Hye Won Jeong
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  • Seroreactivity and Risk Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection among Cattle Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea
    Ji-Hyuk Park, Seon Do Hwang, Dilaram Acharya, Seung Hun Lee, Kyu Jam Hwang, Seok-Ju Yoo, Kwan Lee
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Avoidable Burden of Risk Factors for Serious Road Traffic Crashes in Iran: A Modeling Study
Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Kamyar Mansori, Manoochehr Karami, Farid Zayeri, Reza Khosravi Shadman, Shiva Mansouri Hanis, Hamid Soori
J Prev Med Public Health. 2017;50(2):83-90.   Published online February 6, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.085
  • 7,741 View
  • 240 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden.
Methods
The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios.
Results
The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads.
Conclusions
On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.
Summary

Citations

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  • Safe Traffic Behaviors in Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
    Alireza Shahab Jahanlou, Laleh Hassani, Vahid Ranaei, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Sonja Forward, Kristin Haglund, Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
    Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors of Road Traffic Accidents in Rural and Urban Areas of Indonesia Based on the National Survey of Year 2018
    Intan Zainafree, Nadia Syukria, Silfia Addina, Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim
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Reviews
Breast Density and Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(6):367-375.   Published online October 21, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.054
  • 16,111 View
  • 317 Download
  • 56 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The established theory that breast density is an independent predictor of breast cancer risk is based on studies targeting white women in the West. More Asian women than Western women have dense breasts, but the incidence of breast cancer is lower among Asian women. This meta-analysis investigated the association between breast density in mammography and breast cancer risk in Asian women.
Methods
PubMed and Scopus were searched, and the final date of publication was set as December 31, 2015. The effect size in each article was calculated using the interval-collapse method. Summary effect sizes (sESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conducting a meta-analysis applying a random effect model. To investigate the dose-response relationship, random effect dose-response meta-regression (RE-DRMR) was conducted.
Results
Six analytical epidemiology studies in total were selected, including one cohort study and five case-control studies. A total of 17 datasets were constructed by type of breast density index and menopausal status. In analyzing the subgroups of premenopausal vs. postmenopausal women, the percent density (PD) index was confirmed to be associated with a significantly elevated risk for breast cancer (sES, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.52 to 3.21; I2=50.0%). The RE-DRMR results showed that the risk of breast cancer increased 1.73 times for each 25% increase in PD in postmenopausal women (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.47).
Conclusions
In Asian women, breast cancer risk increased with breast density measured using the PD index, regardless of menopausal status. We propose the further development of a breast cancer risk prediction model based on the application of PD in Asian women.
Summary

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The Effect of Breastfeeding Duration and Parity on the Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ho Kyung Sung, Seung Hyun Ma, Ji-Yeob Choi, Yunji Hwang, Choonghyun Ahn, Byoung-Gie Kim, Yong-Man Kim, Jae Weon Kim, Sokbom Kang, Jaehoon Kim, Tae Jin Kim, Keun-Young Yoo, Daehee Kang, Suekyung Park
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(6):349-366.   Published online September 8, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.066
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize current evidence regarding the association of parity and duration of breastfeeding with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Methods
A systematic search of relevant studies published by December 31, 2015 was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. A random-effect model was used to obtain the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Thirty-two studies had parity categories of 1, 2, and ≥3. The summary RRs for EOC were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.79), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52), respectively. Small to moderate heterogeneity was observed for one birth (p<0.01; Q=59.46; I2=47.9%). Fifteen studies had breastfeeding categories of <6 months, 6-12 months, and >13 months. The summary RRs were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.87), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79), respectively. Only small heterogeneity was observed for <6 months of breastfeeding (p=0.17; Q=18.79, I2=25.5%). Compared to nulliparous women with no history of breastfeeding, the joint effects of two births and <6 months of breastfeeding resulted in a 0.5-fold reduced risk for EOC.
Conclusions
The first birth and breastfeeding for <6 months were associated with significant reductions in EOC risk.
Summary

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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk of Gastric Cancer in Korea: A Quantitative Systematic Review
Jong-Myon Bae, Eun Hee Kim
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(4):197-204.   Published online July 7, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.024
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
In the context of the global decrease in mortality due to gastric cancer, previous studies have reported that the effect of chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on the incidence of gastric cancer varies among regions. This systematic review was conducted to investigate H. pylori as a risk factor for gastric cancer in Korea, where the incidence of gastric cancer is among the highest in the world.
Methods
A search strategy was established to identify articles published in Korean as well as in English. Ultimately, we included observational studies conducted among Korean patients that designed with an age-matched and sex-matched control group that reported the odds ratio associated with H. pylori. Gastric cancer cases were subdivided into overall (OGC), cardia (CGC), non-cardia (NGC), early (EGC), advanced, intestinal (IGC), and diffuse forms of gastric cancer. Summary odds ratios (SORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in the meta-analysis using a random-effect model.
Results
Eleven case-control studies were ultimately selected. H. pylori was associated with an SOR of 1.81 (95% CI, 1.29 to 2.54) for OGC. Additionally, statistically significant risks were observed for CGC, NGC, EGC, and IGC.
Conclusions
Chronic H. pylori infection was found to raise the risk of gastric cancer among Koreans, with the highest risk observed for CGC and EGC (SOR=2.88 for both). Follow-up clinical epidemiologic studies are needed to assess the effects of current treatments aimed at eradicating H. pylori infections.
Summary

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Original Article
The Impact of Educational Status on 10-Year (2004-2014) Cardiovascular Disease Prognosis and All-cause Mortality Among Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in the Greek Acute Coronary Syndrome (GREECS) Longitudinal Study
Venetia Notara, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Yannis Kogias, Petros Stravopodis, Antonis Antonoulas, Spyros Zombolos, Yannis Mantas, Christos Pitsavos
J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(4):220-229.   Published online June 24, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.005
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The association between educational status and 10-year risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and all-cause mortality was evaluated.
Methods
From October 2003 to September 2004, 2172 consecutive ACS patients from six Greek hospitals were enrolled. In 2013 to 2014, a 10-year follow-up (2004-2014) assessment was performed for 1918 participants (participation rate, 88%). Each patient’s educational status was classified as low (<9 years of school), intermediate (9 to 14 years), or high (>14 years).
Results
Overall all-cause mortality was almost twofold higher in the low-education group than in the intermediate-education and high-education groups (40% vs. 22% and 19%, respectively, p<0.001). Additionally, 10-year recurrent ACS events (fatal and non-fatal) were more common in the low-education group than in the intermediate-education and high-education groups (42% vs. 30% and 35%, p<0.001), and no interactions between sex and education on the investigated outcomes were observed. Moreover, patients in the high-education group were more physically active, had a better financial status, and were less likely to have hypertension, diabetes, or ACS than the participants with the least education (p<0.001); however, when those characteristics and lifestyle habits were accounted for, no moderating effects regarding the relationship of educational status with all-cause mortality and ACS events were observed.
Conclusions
A U-shaped association may be proposed for the relationship between ACS prognosis and educational status, with participants in the low-education and high-education groups being negatively affected by other factors (e.g., job stress, depression, or loneliness). Public health policies should be aimed at specific social groups to reduce the overall burden of cardiovascular disease morbidity.
Summary

Citations

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