Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Prevalence and Severity of Depression Among Patients With Anemia Attending a Rural Outpatient Clinic in Faridabad, India: A Cross-sectional Study: Prince , Urvashi , Rajat Sharma, Jubair Shamsi, Satya Vir Singh; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):629-634. Published online August 9, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.363

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study was performed to determine the prevalence and severity of depression among patients previously diagnosed with anemia and to explore associated clinical and socio-demographic factors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to February 2025, among 300 patients with anemia attending the outpatient clinic at the Rural Health Training Centre, Amrita School of Medicine, Faridabad, Haryana. Data on socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Associations of anemia severity with depression presence and severity were analyzed using the chi-square test, logistic regression, and ordinal logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders.
Results
The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score>9) among patients with anemia was 31.3%. Severe anemia was significantly associated with higher odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 8.07; p=0.027) and more severe depression (aOR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.14 to 7.27; p=0.026). Symptoms such as weakness (aOR, 3.57) and shortness of breath (aOR, 2.71) were also significantly associated with depression. Moderate anemia displayed a non-significant trend.
Conclusions
Severe anemia is independently associated with both the presence and severity of depression. Routine mental health screening should be integrated into anemia management protocols, especially in rural healthcare settings.; Summary

Key Message
Anemia is a common problem in India, whereas there is a growing awareness about mental health issues like depression. This study was conducted at a Rural Health Training Centre in India, to estimate the prevalence and severity of depression among patients with anemia. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 31.3% (PHQ-9 score > 9), and severe anemia was associated with higher odds of depression and more severe depression. Our study indicated a need of routine mental health screening in patients with anemia.

Lifestyle and Psychological Factors Associated With Depression in College Students in Hokkaido, Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study: Atsushi Mizumoto, Reiya Tsuji, Kotomi Echizen, Yuichi Takata; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):581-588. Published online July 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.186

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Although studies have demonstrated a decline in mental health during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the long-term psychological effects remain insufficiently understood. This study conducted a web-based questionnaire survey to identify factors associated with depression among college students in Hokkaido, Japan, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A total of 187 participants who responded to a questionnaire administered in April 2022 were included in this study. The survey evaluated depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and included items on exercise habits, sleep duration, food frequency score (FFS), World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), daily step count, part-time job participation, and involvement in club activities.
Results
The mean CES-D score was 18.2±9.9, with 95 participants (50.8%) exhibiting symptoms of depression. Compared to those in the depression group, participants in the non-depression group were significantly more likely to engage in regular exercise and part-time jobs, as well as higher FFS, WHO-5, and FCV-19S scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that, even after adjusting for confounding variables, the WHO-5 score, FCV-19S score, and participation in part-time jobs remained significantly associated with depression scores.
Conclusions
Almost half of the participants showed symptoms of depression. These symptoms were associated with poor exercise habits and lack of part-time employment, among other factors. Among college students who had experienced more than 2 years of the pandemic, engaging in part-time work may have reduced social isolation and helped lower the risk of depression.; Summary

Key Message
This study conducted a web-based survey to identify factors associated with depression among college students in Hokkaido during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with students in the depression group, those without depression were more likely to engage in regular exercise and part-time jobs and had higher FFS, WHO-5, and FCV-19S scores. Logistic regression showed that WHO-5, FCV-19S, and participation in part-time jobs remained significantly associated with depression after adjustment. Among students who had experienced more than two years of the pandemic, part-time employment may have reduced social isolation and lowered the risk of depression.

Association Between Disability and Participation in Sports or Physical Activities: Evidence From a Chilean Population-based Survey: Renzo Gianmarco Avila-Terrones, Leslie Paulina Quiroga-Morales, J. Jhonnel Alarco; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(6):599-608. Published online July 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.249

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the association between disability and participation in sports or physical activity during the past month among individuals in Chile.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Second National Disability Study (ENDISC II) of Chile. The dependent variable was defined as participation in sports or physical activity in the last month, while the independent variable was disability status, as determined by the ENDISC II methodology. Crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
The analysis included data from 12 236 Chilean participants. Individuals with mild or moderate disability were 54% more likely to participate in lower levels of sports or physical activity (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.87). Those with severe disability exhibited a 73% increased likelihood (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.52) compared to individuals without disabilities, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors.
Conclusions
In Chile, individuals with disabilities participated less frequently in sports or physical activity during the past month than those without disabilities.; Summary

Key Message
This study analyzed national data from Chile to examine the relationship between disability and participation in sports or physical activity. Individuals with disabilities, particularly those with severe limitations, were significantly less likely to engage in physical activity than those without disabilities, even after adjusting for multiple confounders. These findings highlight a critical public health gap and underscore the need for inclusive and accessible physical activity strategies to reduce inequalities.

Perspective

Towards Mental Health Equity: Task Shifting Strategy to Overcome Barriers in Primary Healthcare Services in India: Suganya Panneerselvam, Senthilkumar Ramasamy, Sanjana Agrawal; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):548-551. Published online June 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.144

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Abstract Summary PDF: Mental illness remains among the top 10 causes of the global burden of disease. According to the National Mental Health Survey of India, 10.6% of adults exhibit mental disorders. India ideally requires 3 psychiatrists per 100 000 population, yet the current ratio is only 0.7 per 100 000. The country thus faces an urgent need to strengthen mental health infrastructure and expand training programs. Vulnerable groups—particularly residents of rural and remote areas, women, and older adults—are disproportionately affected by this situation. Individuals with mental illness often suffer in silence, enduring human rights violations, stigma, and discrimination. India’s National Mental Health Programme seeks to ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental health care for all, with a focus on the most vulnerable and underserved populations. The World Health Organization recommends task shifting or task sharing to improve access and deliver healthcare services in remote areas. Community Health Officers (CHOs) and Accredited Social Health Activists use community-based assessment checklists to identify individuals at risk of communicable, non-communicable, and mental health disorders. CHOs then ensure continuity of care through regular follow-up, bridging the gap between diagnosis and ongoing treatment. This practice significantly augments the effectiveness of community-level mental health interventions. Integrating mental health into primary health care should facilitate earlier detection and treatment of mental health disorders.; Summary

Key Message
Mental illness remains among the top 10 causes of the global burden of disease. Stigma associated with these disorders exacerbates the problem, leading to social discrimination. The Ayushman Bharat initiative is a transformative step towards strengthening India’s healthcare system. CHOs and ASHAs use community-based assessment checklists to identify individuals at risk of communicable, non-communicable, and mental health disorders within their communities. This task-shifting approach empowers local communities and fosters participation, reducing disease burden and offering a sustainable, effective model.

Original Articles

Asthma Exacerbation in Indonesia: Analysis of Mental, Socio-demographic, Behavioral, and Biological Risk Factors Using the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research: Siti Isfandari, Sulistyowati Tuminah, Laurentia Konadi Miharja; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):250-259. Published online May 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.719

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Asthma represents a significant global health burden, with exacerbations impacting quality of life. Although risk factors for asthma exacerbation (AE) have been identified, data specific to Indonesia remain scarce. We investigated risk factors for AE among Indonesian adolescents and adults.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of the 2018 National Health Survey was conducted, including Indonesian participants aged 15 and older with diagnosed asthma. Logistic regression was employed to identify risk factors for AE.
Results
A total respondents aged 15 years or older were 706 689 participants. The prevalence of asthma was 2.6% (18 574 participants). Among individuals with asthma, 59.7% experienced exacerbation, and 21.4% reported symptoms indicating emotional distress (ED). Both ED and diagnosed heart disease (DHD) were linked to increased odds of AE, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.37) and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.38), respectively. Being diagnosed with asthma at age 15 or older was associated with an aOR of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.45 to 1.66). Those with lower socioeconomic status (SES) also faced comparatively high risk (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.52). In contrast, physical activity was inversely related to AE (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81).
Conclusions
ED, DHD, lower SES, and later-onset asthma were identified as significant risk factors for AE. This underscores the need for comprehensive asthma management strategies that prioritize mental health, cardiovascular health, and early intervention. Addressing these factors could substantially reduce the burden of AE in Indonesia. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate the causal relationships involved and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted interventions.; Summary

Key Message
Asthma represents a significant global health burden, with exacerbation impacting individual quality of life. Emotional distress, diagnosed heart disease, asthma diagnosis after the age of 15 years, and lower socioeconomic status were associated with an increased risk of asthma exacerbation, while physical activity was not. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing mental health comorbidities, encouraging physical activity, and considering socioeconomic disparities when developing asthma management strategies. Educating patients about asthma and its triggers can reduce exacerbations and improve disease control. Since asthma severity differs across individuals and age groups, clinicians must regularly monitor patients and adjust treatment as needed.

Mobile App-based Care Management Training to Improve Family Caregiver Competence in Caring for Children With HIV in Indonesia: A Quasi-experimental Study: Nyimas Heny Purwati, Syamikar Baridwan Syamsir, Mutmainah , Dhea Natashia, Amelia Hartika Rani, Dwi Budiyati, Agus Setiawan; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(5):516-526. Published online May 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.789

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Family caregivers play a crucial role in the care of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, they frequently face limitations in knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Mobile application (app)-based training may offer an effective solution to enhance caregiver competence. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mobile app-based care management training in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of family caregivers caring for children with HIV.
Methods
A quasi-experimental design, including pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments, was conducted at a national referral hospital for infectious diseases in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study involved 44 respondents, divided equally into intervention and control groups (22 per group). The intervention group received mobile app-based training, while the control group received conventional caregiver education. Questionnaires assessing caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills in managing children with HIV were utilized. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results
Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the intervention group experienced significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and skills from pretest to posttest, which were maintained at the 1-month follow-up (p<0.001). In contrast, the control group did not exhibit significant changes in any of these variables (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) throughout the study period.
Conclusions
Mobile app-based care management training significantly enhances caregiving competencies among family caregivers of children with HIV. These findings underscore the potential of digital technology as an innovative and sustainable approach for caregiver training in various healthcare settings, supporting the long-term effectiveness of educational interventions.; Summary

Key Message
This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of a mobile app-based care management training for family caregivers of children with HIV in Indonesia. The intervention significantly improved caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills compared to the control group. These findings suggest that digital health tools can empower caregivers, enhance pediatric HIV care, and provide a scalable model for supportive training in resource-limited settings.

Longitudinal Effects of Life Satisfaction on Smoking Status of Korean Adult Men: Baksun Sung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):388-395. Published online April 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.664

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
The prevalence of smoking among adult men remains high in Korea. Additionally, life satisfaction can influence health behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal effects of life satisfaction on smoking status among Korean adult men.
Methods
This study utilized panel data from wave 1 (2005) to wave 12 (2016) of the Korea Welfare Panel Study. Life satisfaction was measured using 8 variables, representing satisfaction with leisure, social relations, family relations, health, job, family income, residential environment, and overall life. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to assess the causal relationship between life satisfaction and smoking status.
Results
Over the 11-year follow-up period, improved leisure satisfaction was associated with a decreased hazard of smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; p<0.01). In contrast, greater satisfaction with social relations was linked to an increased hazard (HR, 1.23; p<0.05). Improved satisfaction with family relations was associated with a decreased hazard of smoking (HR, 0.84; p<0.05).
Conclusions
Certain life satisfaction variables appear to influence the incidence of smoking among Korean adult men.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 한국복지패널(2005년-2016년)을 이용해서 20세 ~ 64세 한국 성인 남성들의 삶의 만족도가 흡연여부에 미치는 종단적 효과를 분석하였다. 11년 동안 추적조사 한 결과, 다양한 삶의 만족도 변수들에 따라 흡연위험이 다르다는 것이 확인되었다. 구체적으로, 여가생활 만족도 또는 가족관계 만족도가 개선되면 흡연위험이 감소하였다. 대조적으로, 사회관계 만족도가 개선되면 흡연위험이 증가하였다. 이러한 인과관계들은 한국의 사회문화적 요소들과 얽혀 있는 것으로 추정된다.

Key Message
This longitudinal study's results demonstrated that over the 11-year follow-up period (2005-2016), the risk of smoking varied between different types of life satisfaction among Korean adult men (aged 20-64 years). Specifically, the risk of smoking decreased as satisfaction with leisure or family relations improved. In contrast, the risk of smoking increased as social relations satisfaction improved. Socio-cultural factors appear intertwined with these causal relationships.

Exposure of Volunteer Traffic Assistants to PM_2.5 From Transportation in Indonesia: An Environmental Health Risk Analysis: Iwan Suryadi, Juherah Juherah, Siti Rachmawati, Nurlaila Fitriani, Muhammad Kahfi, Syahrul Basri; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):379-387. Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.25.004

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) from motor vehicle emissions has increased air pollution, negatively affecting both the environment and human health. This study aims to evaluate the concentration of fine particulate matter, assess associated health risks, and simulate the spatial distribution of PM_2.5.
Methods
PM_2.5 samples were collected from 36 key congestion points along the main roads of Makassar City. Measurements were taken for one hour during the morning, afternoon, and evening sessions. The hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to estimate non-carcinogenic health risks. A total of 175 volunteer traffic assistants participated in the study. Spatial analysis was performed using the kriging method.
Results
The highest recorded PM_2.5 concentration was 65 µg/m³ on Hertasning Street, while the lowest was 2 µg/m³ on AP Pettarani Street. The average concentration across all locations was 23.20 µg/m³. Although PM_2.5 levels remained below Indonesia’s regulatory limit of 65 µg/m³, they exceeded the World Health Organization guideline of 15 µg/m³. The highest HQ value was 12.94, and the lowest was 0.22. The spatial analysis showed a direct correlation between higher pollutant concentrations and congested areas.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that the HQ for PM_2.5 exceeds the acceptable standard (HQ>1), signifying a health risk that increases with frequent exposure. Effective air quality management strategies—including the use of masks, promotion of green transportation, and expansion of green open spaces—are essential to reduce pollutants and minimize health risks, especially for individuals with regular exposure.; Summary

Key Message
This study evaluates the exposure of volunteer traffic assistants to PM2.5 pollution from transportation in Makassar, Indonesia, highlighting significant health risks. PM2.5 concentrations in high-traffic areas exceed WHO guidelines, leading to increased risks of respiratory diseases, heart conditions, and neurological disorders. The research underscores the importance of air pollution control measures, such as adopting cleaner transportation, increasing green spaces, and promoting public awareness. Effective strategies are crucial to preserving quality of life, protecting heart health, and reducing long-term health impacts, particularly for individuals regularly exposed to high levels of urban pollution.

Vulnerability Assessment and Enhanced Community-based Care and Management of Patients With Tuberculosis in Korea: A Crossover Design: Jeongmi Seo, Dawoon Jeong, In-Hyuk Lee, Jiyeon Han, Yunhyung Kwon, Eunhye Shim, Hongjo Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):317-325. Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.597

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
People-centered care and social protection are critical for improving tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate whether a vulnerability assessment tool, developed for an enhanced community-based care and management (ECCM) program in 2 Korean cities, could predict and improve final TB treatment outcomes based on patients’ vulnerability levels.
Methods
Treatment outcomes in the ECCM group were compared with those in a control group, stratified by vulnerability level. During stage 1, one city served as the intervention region and the other as the control, with a crossover in stage 2. The vulnerability assessment included all notified patients with TB, and those identified as highly vulnerable in the intervention group received social support following a consultation with a case manager.
Results
The vulnerability assessment tool demonstrated moderate predictive ability for unfavorable outcomes, with an area under the curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.63 to 0.77). The patients with high vulnerability who received ECCM treatment demonstrated a 19.8-percentage point (%p) higher treatment success rate than the high vulnerability subcategory of the control group. ECCM also appeared to reduce loss to follow-up and TB-related mortality by 8.4%p and 7.3%p, respectively, although these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Conclusions
The results suggest that providing social support tailored to patient vulnerability at the time of diagnosis could improve TB treatment outcomes.; Summary

Korean summary
결핵 진단 시점의 임상적, 사회적, 그리고 결핵 관련 취약성 평가는 부정적인 치료 결과를 예측하는 데 유의미한 지표가 될 수 있다. 높은 취약성을 지닌 집단에 대해 지역사회 기반의 맞춤형 사례관리를 시행한 결과, 부정적 치료 결과를 일정 수준 감소시킬 수 있었다. 결핵의 사회적 결정요인과 노년 결핵환자 증가라는 역학적 상황은 지역사회 기반의 사회적 지원을 통해 개선 가능할 것이다.

Key Message
Clinical, social, and tuberculosis-related vulnerabilities assessed at the time of TB diagnosis can serve as meaningful predictors of unfavorable treatment outcomes. Community-based, ehnahced case management for highly vulnerable groups has been shown to reduce such negative outcomes to some extent. The social determinants of tuberculosis and the increasing prevalence of TB among the elderly may be addressed through community-based social support.

Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Reduces Mortality Among People Living With HIV in Indonesia: A Retrospective Observational Study: Ifael Yerosias Mauleti, Krishna Adi Wibisana, Djati Prasetio Syamsuridzal, Sri Mulyati, Vivi Lisdawati, Harimat Hendarwan, Ika Saptarini; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):360-369. Published online February 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.622

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Current recommendations for managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) propose that initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) promptly after diagnosis, regardless of CD4 cell count, may decrease illness and mortality risk. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with reduced mortality, including the time to ART initiation after diagnosis with HIV.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the medical records of 326 people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) aged 18 years or older who initiated ART at a tertiary hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. We employed Cox regression models to estimate survival and identify mortality predictors, considering variables with p-values less than 0.05 as statistically significant.
Results
From 2018 to 2022, 19.9% of PLHIV initiated ART within 7 days of diagnosis, and 57 participants died. The final multivariable Cox proportional hazards model indicated that earlier ART initiation significantly reduced mortality risk compared with starting ART more than 60 days after diagnosis, with adjusted hazard ratios of 0.36 for initiation within 7 days and 0.42 for initiation between 8 days and 60 days. Additional characteristics associated with reduced mortality risk included a CD4 count above 200 cells/mm 3 before ART initiation, a lower World Health Organization clinical stage, and tuberculosis post-exposure prophylaxis.
Conclusions
Earlier ART initiation significantly lowered mortality rates. Furthermore, a pre-ART CD4 count above 200 cells/mm³, a lower clinical stage, and tuberculosis preventive therapy were associated with reduced mortality risk among PLHIV. Future studies should investigate additional predictors of mortality within a prospective cohort study framework.

Summary

Key Message
In a retrospective cohort of 326 people living with HIV in Jakarta, Indonesia, rapid ART initiation within 7 days of diagnosis reduced mortality by 64% compared to initiation after 60 days (aHR 0.36; 95% CI 0.14–0.93). Initiating ART between 8 and 60 days conferred a 58% reduction in mortality risk (aHR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22–0.81). Additionally, pre-ART CD4 counts >200 cells/mm³, lower WHO clinical stage, and receipt of TB post-exposure prophylaxis independently predicted improved survival.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Marginal structural Cox model for estimating the effect of Chinese medicine on the survival of people living with HIV: a 17-year real-world retrospective cohort study
Wanqi Pan, Qianlei Xu, Yanmin Ma, Liran Xu, Huangchao Jia, Dongli Wang, Keying Zhu, Miao Zhang, Juan Wang, Huijun Guo, Yantao Jin
Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Exploring the Role of Social Welfare Expenditures in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in Korea: Ji-Su Lee, Eun Sil Yoon, Yeongchae Song, Seowoo Park, Young Kyung Do; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(4):370-378. Published online February 18, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.403

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to explore the role of community-level social welfare expenditures in depressive symptoms among older adults in Korea, with a particular focus on living arrangements.
Methods
Multi-level data—comprising individual-level data from the 2019 Community Health Survey and regional-level data from the Korean Statistical Information Service—were analyzed using multi-level ordered logistic regression. The dependent variable was the severity of depressive symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, and the primary independent variables were per capita social welfare expenditure, living arrangements, and their cross-level interaction term.
Results
Older adults living alone exhibited more severe depressive symptoms compared to those living with others (odds ratio [OR], 1.22; p=0.006). Higher community social welfare expenditure was significantly associated with reduced depressive symptom severity (OR, 0.73; p=0.019). Moreover, the protective effect of social welfare expenditure was more pronounced among older adults living alone than among those not living alone (OR, 0.92; p=0.046). Social welfare expenditure was highly correlated with social cohesion, which weakened its independent association with depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
This study highlights the potential of community-level social welfare expenditure to mitigate depressive symptoms among older adults, particularly those who live alone. In light of the rising number of older adults living alone, these findings suggest that non-medical interventions, such as enhanced social welfare programs, may help alleviate depression in this vulnerable population. The strong positive correlation between social welfare expenditure and social cohesion also raises further research questions regarding their interrelationship.; Summary

Korean summary
자치단체의 일인당 사회복지 지출이 증가할수록 해당 지역에 거주하는 노인의 우울 증상이 전반적으로 감소하는 결과를 보였고 이러한 연관성은 특히 독거 노인에게서 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이 결과는 노인인구 규모 및 독거 노인 비율의 증가가 초래할 수 있는 노인 정신 건강의 부정적 영향을 비의료적, 사회적 개입을 통해 완화할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Key Message
Higher community-level social welfare expenditure was associated with lower severity of depressive symptoms among older adults, with this association more pronounced among those living alone. Given the rising number of older adults living alone, these findings highlight the potential of non-medical, social interventions to alleviate depression in this vulnerable population.

Association Between Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Older Adults: Kyu-Taek Lim, Ji-won Choe, Seung-sik Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):103-112. Published online January 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.569

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study examined the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), as assessed by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among Korean older adults.
Methods
Data from 5413 participants in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed. GOHAI scores were categorized as either “poor” (<40) or “not poor” (≥40). Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the relationship between GOHAI scores and CVD prevalence, with analyses stratified by sex.
Results
Poor GOHAI score was significantly associated with elevated odds of CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.19; p<0.001). This association was stronger in female (OR, 1.36) compared to male (OR, 1.12). Poor oral health is indicative of systemic inflammation and age-related vulnerabilities, underscoring the utility of the GOHAI as an instrument for early identification of CVD risk.
Conclusions
Poor oral health, as measured by the GOHAI, is associated with an increased risk of CVD among older adults, especially female. These findings support the use of the GOHAI as a cost-effective screening tool for the early assessment of CVD risk. Further research is warranted to explore inflammatory biomarkers and sex-specific mechanisms that could inform targeted interventions.

Summary

Korean summary
노년층에서 구강건강 관련 삶의 질(OHRQoL)이 낮을수록 심혈관계 질환(CVD) 위험이 높아지며, 특히 여성에서 더 두드러졌습니다. 본 연구는 노년 구강 건강 평가 지수(GOHAI)를 사용했습니다.

Key Message
Poor GOHAI scores are associated with higher CVD risk, with stronger effects in females. This highlights the potential of GOHAI as an effective tool for early detection and prevention of CVD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assessment of oral health-related quality of life and its association with periodontal status in geriatric patients
Seval Ceylan Şen, Özlem Saraç Atagün, Gülbahar Ustaoğlu, Zeynep Hazan Yildiz
BMC Oral Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index Based on Oral Health-Related Behaviors and Status of Older Adults in Gangneung-si
Jin-Sun Choi, Hye-Rim Jeon, Soo-Myoung Bae, Sun-Jung Shin, Bo-Mi Shin, Hye-Young Yoon, Hyo-Jin Lee
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2025; 25(4): 360. CrossRef

Associations Between Multiple Falls and Mental Health Indices in Korean Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study: Chaelyn Lim, Hyun-Jin Son, Byung-Gwon Kim, Byeng-Chul Yu, Jiwon Kim, Young-Seoub Hong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):269-277. Published online January 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.482

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of falls, mental health issues, and health behaviors among older adults, as well as to analyze the association between multiple falls and mental health status in this population.
Methods
We utilized data from the 2017, 2019, and 2021 Korean Community Health Survey, a nationwide survey organized by region and conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Participants were categorized into no-fall, single-fall, and multiple fall groups based on responses to an index question regarding fall experiences and the number of such incidents reported in the survey. The chi-square test was applied to understand the characteristics of the elderly population in the community. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to clarify the association between falls and mental health.
Results
Integrated data analysis revealed that 11.3% of participants experienced a single fall, while 5.7% reported multiple falls. Participants from low-education and low-income backgrounds exhibited relatively high rates of falls. Additionally, non-drinkers and non-smokers reported falls more frequently than their counterparts who consumed alcohol and smoked. Multinomial logistic regression revealed significant associations between multiple falls and mental health factors. In particular, the severity of depression was directly proportional to the likelihood of experiencing multiple falls, with an odds ratio of 2.95 (95% confidence interval, 2.49 to 3.50).
Conclusions
We identified associations between various mental health-related factors—including sleep duration, subjective stress, the presence of depression, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score—and the occurrence of multiple falls.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 한국의 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 낙상 경험과 정신건강 지표 간의 연관성을 분석한 단면 연구이다. 다회 낙상은 수면 시간, 주관적 스트레스, 우울감, PHQ-9 점수 등 다양한 정신건강 요인과 유의한 관련이 있었으며, 특히 우울증이 심할수록 낙상 발생 위험이 높아지는 경향을 보였다.

Key Message
Multiple falls among Korean older adults were significantly associated with mental health-related factors, including sleep duration, subjective stress, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions targeting both physical and mental health to prevent recurrent falls in the elderly.

Multi-group Causal Model of Mental Health Literacy and Helping Behavior Toward People at Risk of Depression Among Thai and Vietnamese Health Science Students: Anchalee Jansem, Ungsinun Intarakamhang, Charin Suwanwong, Krittipat Chuenphitthayavut, Sudarat Tuntivivat, Khuong Le, Le Thi Mai Lien, Pitchada Prasittichok; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(3):241-249. Published online January 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.449

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Depression affects 23.3% of Thai and 15.2% of Vietnamese health science students, rates that exceed the global average of 4.4%. This study compared the causal models of mental health literacy and helping behavior toward individuals at risk of depression between these 2 groups.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to October 2023 and included 422 students from Thailand and Vietnam, who were studying medicine, nursing, psychology, and physical therapy. Stratified random sampling was used to select 211 students from each country. Data collection was performed using a Likert scale, which showed total-item correlations ranging from 0.24 to 0.83 and Cronbach’s alpha values between 0.74 and 0.86. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model.
Results
The causal models were consistent with the empirical data. The helping behavior of students toward peers at risk of depression was significantly influenced by their mental health literacy (effect size [ES], 0.91). This influence was also mediated indirectly by self-efficacy (ES, 0.18), positive attitudes (ES, 0.29), and social support (ES, 0.77). Collectively, these factors accounted for 83% of the variance in helping behavior. Social support had a more pronounced effect on mental health literacy among Vietnamese students than among their Thai counterparts (ES, 0.46 vs. 0.27, p<0.05). Conversely, positive attitudes had a stronger influence among Thai students than among Vietnamese students (ES, 0.17 vs. 0.01, p<0.05).
Conclusions
The causal models of helping behavior among Thai and Vietnamese health science students exhibited no significant differences. However, improving mental health literacy is crucial, as it significantly impacts helping behavior.

Summary

Key Message
This study compared causal models of mental health literacy (MHL) and helping behavior toward people at risk of depression between Thai and Vietnamese health science students. Findings indicated that MHL significantly impacted helping behavior (effect size [ES], 0.91), mediated indirectly by self-efficacy (ES, 0.18), positive attitudes (ES, 0.29), and social support (ES, 0.77), with no significant differences in the overall causal models between groups. However, variations in effects were noted, such as social support having a more pronounced effect on MHL among Vietnamese students than their Thai counterparts (ES, 0.46 vs. 0.27), while positive attitudes had a stronger influence among Thai students (ES, 0.17) than Vietnamese (ES, 0.01).

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Relationship between extraversion and mental health literacy in Chinese adolescents: a chain mediation model
Zhanfang Liu, Fangru Yuan, Jianzheng Du
Frontiers in Psychology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Health and Mental Well-Being of Academic Staff and Students in Thailand: Validation and Model Development
Ungsinun Intarakamhang, Cholvit Jearajit, Hanvedes Daovisan, Phoobade Wanitchanon, Saichol Panyachit, Kanchana Pattrawiwat
Education Sciences.2025; 15(10): 1310. CrossRef

The Relationship Between Park Access and Quality and Various Health Metrics in a Metropolitan Area in South Carolina Using the CDC PLACES Dataset: Jenna Pellizzari, Farnaz Hesam Shariati, Andrew T. Kaczynski; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):208-217. Published online December 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.325

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397 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Limited access to high-quality green spaces could contribute to growing rates of chronic diseases and unhealthy behaviors. Public parks provide numerous benefits for population well-being. However, past research has shown mixed results regarding the association between proximal parks and residents’ physical and mental health. This study examined the relationship between diverse elements of park access and quality and multiple health outcomes.
Methods
Seventy-three unique parks within 70 census tracts in 4 cities in South Carolina were analyzed. Data about 7 aspects of park quality (transportation access, facility availability, facility quality, amenity availability, park aesthetics, park quality concerns, neighborhood quality concerns) were collected via on-site observations using the Community Park Audit Tool. Health data for each tract (obesity, no leisure time physical activity, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, depression, poor mental health) were collected from the CDC PLACES dataset. Linear regression analyses examined the association between 10 park access and quality metrics and 8 health metrics, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics.
Results
All associations were in the unexpected direction except 1 relationship involving mental health. Specifically, positive associations were found between the number of parks and obesity, the number of parks and no leisure time physical activity, transportation access and obesity, and transportation access and high blood pressure. As concerns about neighborhood quality increased, poor mental health status worsened.
Conclusions
This study provides valuable information for public health professionals and researchers. Further research is needed to expand on and elucidate these findings.

Summary

Key Message
Parks can be key components of healthy communities, but more research is needed about how park availability and characteristics affect health. This study examined the relationship between diverse elements of park access and quality and multiple physical and mental health outcomes. The results were largely mixed, with some positive and some negative relationships; these findings can be expanded upon with further study.

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More Parks Are Linked to Lower Tract-Level Mental Distress in Less-Walkable Neighborhoods: A South Carolina Analysis
Farnaz Hesam Shariati, Jennifer Fillo, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Andrew T. Kaczynski
Ecopsychology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Prevalence, Sources, and Correlates of Second-hand Smoke Exposure Among Non-smoking Pregnant Women in India: Farheen Ahmed, Nilesh Gawde, Sulabha Parasuraman; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):136-145. Published online December 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.278

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, particularly among pregnant women. This study aimed to address the research gap concerning the prevalence and correlates of SHS exposure at home and in public settings among non-smoking pregnant women in India.
Methods
The dataset from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016-17), India, was utilised to evaluate the prevalence of SHS exposure in pregnant women both at home and in public spaces. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants of SHS exposure among this population.
Results
The prevalence of SHS exposure at home was 36.9%, while exposure outside the home was 26.5%. Among non-smoking pregnant women, 10.0% were exposed to SHS on public transport. The risk of SHS exposure at home was significantly higher in the North (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.45 to 11.60), Central (aOR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.98 to 10.02), and Northeast (aOR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.78 to 9.81) regions compared to the South. Pregnant women aged 25-34 (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.93) and those aged 35 and above (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.86), as well as those with secondary (aOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.85) or higher education (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.58), had lower odds of SHS exposure at home. For SHS exposure outside the home, the North region (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.36), employment status (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.47), and belonging to scheduled tribes (aOR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.25 to 8.21) were associated with higher odds.
Conclusions
The prevalence of SHS exposure among pregnant non-smoking women was notably high both at home and in external environments.; Summary

Key Message
Our secondary analysis of GATS-2 India data (2016-17) showed that the prevalence of Second-hand Tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home was high (36.9%) among non-smoking pregnant women in India. Among pregnant women, younger age, lower education levels, and residing in the country's North, Central, and Northeast regions were significantly associated with higher odds of SHS exposure at home. Overall, about a quarter (26.5%) of pregnant women reported SHS exposure outside their home. Tribal women, employed ones, and those residing in the North region were at higher risk of SHS exposure outside their homes during their pregnancies.

Health Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure Among E-waste Workers and Community-dwelling Adults in Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study: Chonyitree Sangwijit, Parichat Ong-artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Kraiwuth Kallawicha, Pallop Siewchaisakul; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):156-166. Published online November 21, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.415

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Global concern is increasing about the health effects of electronic waste (e-waste). This study examines the health impacts of heavy metal (HM) exposure among e-waste workers (EWWs) and community-dwelling adults (CDAs) in Northeastern Thailand and identifies factors associated with adverse health outcomes.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted of 164 EWWs and 164 CDAs. A survey was employed to collect data on participant characteristics, symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Urine samples were analyzed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors impacting health.
Results
Across all participants, urinary Pb and Cd levels ranged from 5.30 µg/g to 29.50 µg/g creatinine and from 0.60 µg/g to 4.00 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The most frequently reported health issues pertained to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at 38.70%, central nervous system (CNS) issues at 36.60%, and skin disorders at 31.10%. Multivariable analysis indicated that the presence of MSDs was significantly associated with exposure to Pb and Cd. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) was significantly linked to CNS problems, while body mass index was significantly related to skin disorders. Factors including primary education level or below, smoking, cleaning the house more than 3 times weekly, and PSQ were significantly linked to depression. Anxiety was significantly associated with PSQ.
Conclusions
Environmental exposure to Pb and Cd can have adverse health impacts in the form of MSDs. Depression and anxiety are common conditions among CDAs. Public health officials should monitor HM exposure and mental health within the community.; Summary

Key Message
- Pb and Cd level was not significant difference between e-waste workers and community-dwelling adults. - Pb and Cd can adversely affect symptoms in the MSD and PSQ affects the CNS in e-waste workers. - E-waste workers had a higher chance of having musculoskeletal disorder, central nervous system disorder, and skin disorder problems than community-dwelling adults but a lower chance of having depression and anxiety than community-dwelling adults.

The Development of an Assessment Instrument for Behavior Toward Hypoglycemia Risk Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia: Putu Rika Veryanti, Rani Sauriasari, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Berna Elya, Muhammad Ikhsan Mokoagow; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):31-43. Published online November 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.313

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patients’ behavior toward the risk of hypoglycemia through self-assessment. Insufficient education and supervision of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients by healthcare providers is a significant concern, affecting their behavior during the treatment process. Additionally, inappropriate behavior typically increases the risk of hypoglycemia. To mitigate this risk, several studies have recommended evaluating patients’ behavior, necessitating the development of a new instrument.
Methods
The study procedures were conducted in 3 stages: instrument development (face and content validity, stage I), construct validity and reliability test (stage II), and criterion validity (stage III). Stage I involved 5 healthcare practitioners, including internal medicine doctors, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists in hospitals and community health centers. Stage II included 20 respondents using a 1-shot test method. Stage III involved 237 type 2 DM outpatients at Central General Hospital (RSUP) in Jakarta, employing a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling.
Results
The results indicated that the developed instrument was valid and reliable, comprising 9 domains (29 questions). These domains included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Furthermore, poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times.
Conclusions
Based on these results, the developed instrument could be effectively used to evaluate behavior toward hypoglycemia among type 2 DM outpatients, confirming its validity and reliability.; Summary

Key Message
The development of an assessment instrument for behavior toward hypoglycemia risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia have been carried out. The instrument contains 9 domains, included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times. The instrument developed is valid and reliable.

The Associations Between Physical Activity and Mental Health Problems in Middle-aged Indonesians: Sri Handayani, Siti Isfandari, Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Rozana Ika Agustiya, Irfan Ardani, Arief Priyo Nugroho, Yunita Fitrianti; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):379-387. Published online July 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.003

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Mental health issues have become a growing concern worldwide. Research has shown that regular physical activity (PA) can positively affect mental health. This study investigated the associations between PA and mental health problems (MHPs) in middle-aged Indonesians.
Methods
The study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey and used a cross-sectional approach. The participants included individuals aged 40-60 years who completed the 20-question Self-Reporting Questionnaire. A logistic regression was performed to analyze a sample of 263 930 data points.
Results
Nearly 10.4% of the participants suffered from mental health issues. Notably, among those who did not engage in moderate and vigorous PA, a sign of MHPs was found in 12.5% of participants. Those who met World Health Organization standards for PA were less likely to experience MHPs (10.1%). This study found a significant association between PA and mental health. After adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio-demographic variables like age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, and residence, the connection between PA and mental health became even stronger (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.85; p<0.001).
Conclusions
Regular PA has been shown to affect mental health positively. Therefore, it is important to improve health education and efforts to raise awareness among middle-aged Indonesians about the importance of PA in maintaining good mental health.

Summary

Key Message
This study revealed a significant association between physical activity (PA) and mental problems (MHPs) among middle-aged Indonesians. Individuals who engaged in moderate to vigorous PA were less likely to experience MHPs compared to those who did not meet recommended PA levels. This association remained strong after adjusting confounding variables such as smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio- demographic factors. Therefore, promoting regular physical activity could be a beneficial strategy for improving mental health status in this population.

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USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E ANSIOLÍTICOS PÓS PANDEMIA E SEUS IMPACTOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Francivania Silva de Oliveira, Francisca Sabrina Vieira Lins, José Guilherme Ferreira Marques Galvão, Diego Igor Alves Fernandes de Araújo, Rafaela de Oliveira Nóbrega
Revista Multidisciplinar do Nordeste Mineiro.2025; 10(1): 1. CrossRef
PREVALÊNCIA DO USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E/OU ANSIOLÍTICOS EM PRATICANTES DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE UMA ACADEMIA DE TERESINA
Mariana Lima Teixeira, Ivair de Sousa Lima, Luís Felipe Araújo Pereira Lustosa, Paula Lins Gonçalves, Aureliano Machado de Oliveira
Revista Contemporânea.2024; 4(12): e7097. CrossRef

Common Mental Disorders and Associated Factors During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Indonesia: An Analysis of Data From the 2018 Basic Health Research: Arum Ariasih, Besral , Meiwita Budiharsana, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):388-398. Published online June 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.082

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
A substantial proportion of women experience mental health challenges during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are prevalent. Identifying causes and associated risk factors is imperative for early intervention and the prevention of mental health issues.
Methods
This study utilized data from the 2018 Basic Health Research, which was conducted nationwide in Indonesia, using a crosssectional approach. We focused on women aged 13-49 years who were currently or previously married, and had experienced pregnancy, including 8889 pregnant women and 77 012 women who had delivered between January 1, 2013 and August 31, 2018. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was employed to assess CMDs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.
Results
The prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women was 12.6%, while postpartum mothers exhibited a prevalence of 10.1%. Poor health status displayed the strongest impact on CMDs during both pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 12.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.01 to 16.60) and the postpartum period (aOR, 16.72; 95% CI, 14.85 to 18.82). Additional significant factors for both group include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, history of hypertension, and smoking status. Among pregnant women, CMDs was also associated with first-trimester pregnancy, previous pregnancy complications, and small upper arm circumference. For postpartum mothers, significant factors include living in rural areas, history of abortion, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications and contraceptive use.
Conclusions
CMDs can impact in pregnant and postpartum women. Early diagnosis and management must be seamlessly integrated into primary healthcare practices.

Summary

Key Message
A significant proportion of women experience common mental disorders (CMDs) during pregnancy (12.6%) and postpartum (10.1%) in Indonesia. Poor health status is the strongest predictor of CMDs in both periods. Other significant factors include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, hypertension history, and smoking. Additional pregnancy-specific factors are first-trimester pregnancy, previous complications, and small upper arm circumference. In contrast, postpartum factors include rural living, abortion history, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications, and contraceptive use. Integrating early diagnosis and management of CMDs into primary healthcare is essential.

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Pregnant Women's Depression and Mental Health Knowledge
Lutfatul Latifah, Nina Setiawati, Aprilia Kartikasari, Reza Fajar Amalia, Dian Susmarini, C. Jan, I. Anwer, L. Li, S. Ferse, M. Nishi, P. Puangprakhon
E3S Web of Conferences.2025; 609: 04002. CrossRef
Abortion: Ethical and Legal Perspectives in Indonesia
Adji Suwandono, Busyra
Asian Bioethics Review.2025; 17(3): 535. CrossRef
Common mental disorders and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bekahegn Girma, Migbar Sibhat, Addisu Getnet, Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot, Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie, Mohammed Tessema Gebeyehu, Jemberu Nigussie
BMC Psychiatry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation Between the Baby Blues Syndrome and Postpartum Depression among Mother
Linda Wati, Amrina Amran, Radian Ilmaskal
Journal of Health Sciences and Epidemiology.2025; 3(1): 42. CrossRef
Multimodal large language models for women’s reproductive mental health
Rawan AlSaad, Alaa Youssef, Sara Kashani, Majid AlAbdulla, Alaa Abd-alrazaq, Salma M. Khaled, Arfan Ahmed, Javaid Sheikh
Archives of Women's Mental Health.2025; 28(6): 1369. CrossRef
TelenursaMoms: A Digital Mental Health Service Innovation for Postpartum Mothers with Neglectful Family Challenges
Rizqiana Dita Ekasari, Ika Arum Dewi Satiti, Ari Damayanti Wahyuningrum
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Effects of Hatha Yoga and Prenatal Exercise on Physiological and Psychological Outcomes in Primigravid Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Veronica Fernandez, Ronny Lesmana, Sofie R. Krisnadi, Hadi Susiarno, Shelly Iskandar, Vita Muniarti Tarawan
Journal of Applied Nursing and Health.2025; 7(3): 604. CrossRef

Mental Health of Medical Students After Combating the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam: Duc Minh Cap, Anh Quang Nguyen, Tham Thi Nguyen; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):347-355. Published online May 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.108

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of mental health (MH) symptoms and associated factors among medical students who were engaged in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 4 provinces/cities of Vietnam.
Methods
A cross-sectional study with 580 participants was conducted at a medical university in Northern Vietnam. MH was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, which was previously standardized in Vietnam. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the association between MH symptoms and relevant factors.
Results
Out of a total of 2703 medical students, 21.5% responded to the questionnaire. Among the 580 respondents, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression included being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Similarly, being female and having a COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with self-reported anxiety. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of MH symptoms, working more than 8 hr/day, and having a COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
COVID-19 has adversely impacted the MH of medical students. Our findings are valuable in their potential to motivate universities, MH professionals, and authorities to offer mental healthcare services to this group. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for training courses designed to equip future healthcare workers with the skills to manage crises effectively.; Summary

Key Message
This study investigated mental health symptoms among medical students after being involved in combating COVID-19 in Vietnam. Out of 580 participants, depression, anxiety, and stress rates were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression and anxiety were being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of mental health symptoms, working more than 8 hours per day, and having a COVID-19 infection. The study emphasizes the importance of providing psychological support for medical students and the necessity for training programs to enhance crisis management skills.

Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea: Jongmin Oh, Youn-Hee Lim, Changwoo Han, Dong-Wook Lee, Jisun Myung, Yun-Chul Hong, Soontae Kim, Hyun-Joo Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):185-196. Published online March 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.514

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Excess mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been documented. However, research on the disease burden following short-term exposure is scarce. We investigated the cause-specific mortality burden of short-term exposure to PM_2.5 by considering the potential non-linear concentration–response relationship in Korea.
Methods
Daily cause-specific mortality rates and PM_2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2019 were collected for 8 Korean cities and 9 provinces. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM_2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality levels. We assumed no detrimental health effects of PM_2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m³. Overall deaths attributable to short-term PM_2.5 exposure were estimated by summing the daily numbers of excess deaths associated with ambient PM_2.5 exposure.
Results
Of the 2 749 704 recorded deaths, 2 453 686 (89.2%) were non-accidental, 591 267 (21.5%) were cardiovascular, and 141 066 (5.1%) were respiratory in nature. A non-linear relationship was observed between all-cause mortality and exposure to PM_2.5 at lag0, whereas linear associations were evident for cause-specific mortalities. Overall, 10 814 all-cause, 7855 non-accidental, 1642 cardiovascular, and 708 respiratory deaths were attributed to short-term exposure to PM_2.5. The estimated number of all-cause excess deaths due to short-term PM_2.5 exposure in 2019 was 1039 (95% confidence interval, 604 to 1472).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate an association between short-term PM_2.5 exposure and various mortality rates (all-cause, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Korea over the period from 2010 to 2019. Consequently, action plans should be developed to reduce deaths attributable to short-term exposure to PM_2.5.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2010~2019년 한국의 초미세먼지 단기 노출로 인한 사망 부담을 추정하였으며 2010~2019년간, 초미세먼지 단기노출로 인한 전체원인 사망은 10,814명, 비사고 사망은 7,855명, 심혈관 사망은 1,642명, 호흡기 사망은 708명으로 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대기오염 관리, 규제, 정책 수립에 있어 도움을 줄 것으로 예상한다.

Key Message
- We estimated mortality burden attributable to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 in Korea from 2010 to 2019 - Over the 10-years study period, the estimated excess deaths due to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 totaled 10,814 for all-causes, 7,855 for non-accidental, 1,642 for cardiovascular disease, and 708 for respiratory disease. - Our findings can assist in air pollution management, regulation, and policy-making.

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Wintertime Trends of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in South Korea, 2012–2022: Response of Nitrate and Organic Components to Decreasing NOx Emissions
Drew C. Pendergrass, Daniel J. Jacob, Yujin J. Oak, Ruijun Dang, Laura Hyesung Yang, Ellie Beaudry, Nadia K. Colombi, Shixian Zhai, Hwajin Kim, Jin‐soo Choi, Jin‐soo Park, Soontae Kim, Ke Li, Hong Liao
Geophysical Research Letters.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of PM2.5 and particle constituents on overall, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in Seoul
Oh Beom Kwon, Eun Ju Lee, Myoung Nam Lim, Young Ji Han, Jun Young Ahn, Hye Jung Shin, Jung Min Park, Jeeyoung Kim, Woo Jin Kim
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Symptoms, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Patients After COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam: Hai Nguyen Thanh, Duc Cap Minh, Hien Hoang Thu, Duc Nguyen Quang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):128-137. Published online February 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.511

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3 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study was conducted to characterize the symptoms, mental health, quality of life (QoL), and associated factors following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 394 participants previously infected with COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Mental health was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Participants self-reported health-related QoL was measured with the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale.
Results
Among the participants, 76.4% reported experiencing at least one symptom following COVID-19 infection. The most common symptoms were fatigue (42.1%), cognitive dysfunction (42.9%), and hair loss (27.9%). According to the DASS-21 results, the proportions of depression, anxiety, and stress were 28.7%, 26.4%, and 20.6%, respectively. The mean scores on the EQ-5D-5L and the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale were 0.94±0.11 and 84.20±13.11, respectively. Regarding QoL issues, the highest proportion of participants (32.7%) reported experiencing anxiety or depression, followed by pain or discomfort (25.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with the presence of symptoms following COVID-19 infection included female (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 4.91) and having QoL issues (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.71 to 6.19).
Conclusions
The study investigated the prevalence rates of various symptoms following COVID-19 infection. These findings underscore the need to prioritize comprehensive care for individuals recovering from COVID-19 and to implement strategies to mitigate the long-term impact of the disease on mental health and QoL.

Summary

Key Message
This cross-sectional study in Vietnam investigated symptoms, mental health, and quality of life among patients recovering from COVID-19. The study found that most participants experienced post-infection symptoms, with fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and hair loss being the most common. Mental health issues were prevalent, and participants reported varying levels of quality of life. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive care and strategies to address the long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life.

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Prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicide tendency among individual with long-COVID and determinants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi, Akbar Biglarian, Jannike Lie Karlstad, Cathrine Fredriksen Moe, Enayatollah Bakhshi, Mohammad-Reza Khodaei-Ardakani, Samira Behboudi-Gandevani, Shibajee Debbarma
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0312351. CrossRef
Health-related quality of life in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D studies
Kidu Gidey, Yirga Legesse Niriayo, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Erica Lubetkin
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Quality of sleep after COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study in the Southern Italy
Vincenza Sansone, Silvia Angelillo, Giovanna Paduano, Claudia Pileggi, Carmelo Giuseppe Angelo Nobile, Gabriella Di Giuseppe
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Patterns of Health-related Quality of Life in Men Who Inject Drugs: A Survey in Southeast Iran: Marzieh Nojomi, Maysam Rezapour, Neda Soleimanvandi Azar, Mehdi Darabi, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):148-156. Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.379

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Understanding patterns of quality of life in people who inject drugs (PWID) can help healthcare providers plan and manage their health problems in a more focused manner. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify patterns of health-related quality of life in PWID in southeast Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in southeast Iran on men who had injected drugs at least once during the last year. We used convenience sampling in 2 drop-in centers and venue-based sampling at 85 venues. Demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life were evaluated using the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns of quality of life.
Results
This study enrolled 398 PWID, who had a mean age of 34.1±11.4 years. About 47.9% reported a prison history in the last 10 years, 59.2% had injected drugs in the last month, and 31.6% had a history of sharing syringes. About 46.3% reported having 2 or more sexual partners in the last 6 months, and 14.7% had a history of sex with men. Out of the 5 EQ-5D-5L profiles, the fifth profile had the most people (36.6%). Most variations in quality of life were related to pain and discomfort.
Conclusions
We showed that the pain and discomfort dimension of EQ-5D-5L had more variation in PWID. This finding will be useful for allocating appropriate interventions and resources to promote health-related quality of life in this population.; Summary

Key Message
People who Inject drugs, as an at-risk population in physical and mental disorders, need support to reduce harm. This study found that the health-related quality of life of these people is affected more by the pain and discomfort dimension. This can be caused by their social exclusion and marginalization. Hence, regular planning is necessary to organize the health status of these people. Due to the hard-to-reach nature of this population, special arrangements such as utilizing peer groups may be effective to provide them with services.

Empowering Rural Housewives in Iran: Utilizing the Transtheoretical Model to Increase Physical Activity: Mahboobe Borhani, Zakieh Sadat Hosseini, Najme Shahabodin, Ali Mehri, Mohadese Kiani, Marzieh Abedi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):167-175. Published online January 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.457

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Rural housewives are integral to household management and family care, yet their sedentary lifestyles present significant health risks. This study used the transtheoretical model (TTM) to investigate strategies that encourage and maintain regular exercise habits among rural housewives.
Methods
A semi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 who attended rural health centers in Gorgan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Data collection involved a validated questionnaire that gathered demographic information and constructs of the TTM. The intervention group participated in a comprehensive educational program, which included four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected again 6 months post-intervention and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 21.
Results
The study encompassed women with an average age of 39.75±6.05 years, the majority of whom had educational levels below a diploma, and over 90% were married. We observed strong correlations between the processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. At the outset, there were no significant differences in demographics or model structures between the 2 groups. However, 6 months post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited statistically significant differences in the mean scores of model structures, stages of change, and body mass index (<>p<0.05).
Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives. The findings suggest that the educational intervention, which utilized the TTM, significantly impacted the participants’ model structures and their stages of change.

Summary

Key Message
The study aimed to investigate strategies for promoting and sustaining regular exercise habits among rural housewives using the transtheoretical model (TTM). A semi-experimental study was conducted with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 in Iran. The intervention group received a comprehensive educational program, and after 6 months, they exhibited significant differences in model structures, stages of change, and body mass index compared to the control group. These findings underscore the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives and suggest that the educational intervention utilizing the TTM substantially impacted the participants' model structures and stages of change.

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Tayebeh Rakhshani, Zahra Jalalpour, Mohsen Jafari, Samira Taravatmanesh, Amirhossein Kamyab, Ali Khani Jeihooni
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Zoha Imtiaz Malik, Shaheer Ellahi Khan, Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad
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Systematic Review

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Suchitra Hudrudchai, Charin Suwanwong, Pitchada Prasittichok, Kanu Priya Mohan, Nopphadol Janeaim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):8-17. Published online December 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.345

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The effectiveness and efficiency of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) relies on how widely it is adopted and adhered to, particularly among high-risk groups of MSM. The meta-analysis aimed to collect and analyze existing evidence on various factors related to PrEP adherence in MSM, including demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, substance use, and psychosocial factors.
Methods
The meta-analysis followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search included articles published between January 2018 and December 2022, obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. The studies that were included in the analysis reported the proportion of MSM who demonstrated adherence to PrEP and underwent quality appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results
Of the 268 studies initially identified, only 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. The findings indicated that education (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.40), number of sexual partners (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.31), engaging in sexual activities with an human immunodeficiency virus-positive partner (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.26), substance use (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99), and lower levels of depression (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.82) were associated with higher rates of PrEP adherence among MSM.
Conclusions
Despite these findings, further research is necessary to investigate PrEP adherence more comprehensively. The findings of this meta-analysis can be utilized to inform interventions aimed at improving PrEP adherence among MSM and provide directions for future research in this area.

Summary

Key Message
This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that factors such as education, number of sexual partners, engagement in sexual activities with an HIV-positive partner, substance use, and lower levels of depression were associated with higher rates of PrEP adherence among MSM. Healthcare providers and interventions should take these aspects into consideration when developing strategies to promote optimal PrEP adherence and reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

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Socio‐economic status and adherence to HIV preventive and therapeutic interventions: exploring the mediating role of food insecurity among men who have sex with men and transgender and non‐binary persons from Brazil
Paula M. Luz, Thiago S. Torres, Victor C. Matos, Giovanna G. Costa, Brenda Hoagland, Cristina Pimenta, Marcos Benedetti, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdilea G. Veloso
Journal of the International AIDS Society.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Intention to Use Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Age Groups of Brazilian Men Who Have Sex With Men: National Cross-Sectional Study
Alvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa, Caique Jordan Nunes Ribeiro, Guilherme Reis de Santana Santos, Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo, Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho, Guilherme Schneider, Leticia Genova Vieira, Liliane Moretti Carneiro, Ana Paula Morais Fernandes,
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2025; 11: e58405. CrossRef
Understanding Factors Influencing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among men who have sex with men in Western China: a data-driven exploration using bayesian networks
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Preferences for Starting Daily, On-Demand, and Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States (2021-2022): Nationwide Online Cross-Sectional Study
Duygu Islek, Travis Sanchez, Jennifer L Glick, Jeb Jones, Keith Rawlings, Supriya Sarkar, Patrick S Sullivan, Vani Vannappagari
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024; 10: e62801. CrossRef

Original Article

Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: Nhan Phuc Thanh Nguyen, Ha Phan Ai Nguyen, Cao Khoa Dang, Minh Tri Phan, Huynh Ho Ngoc Quynh, Van Tuan Le, Chinh Van Dang, Tinh Huu Ho, Van Trong Phan, Thang Van Dinh, Thang Phan, Thi Anh Thu Dang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):37-46. Published online December 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.327

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The objective of this study was to characterize mental health issues among Vietnamese healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify related factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 990 HCWs in 2021. Their mental health status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.
Results
In total, 49.9%, 52.3%, and 29.8% of respondents were found to have depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The multivariable linear regression model revealed that factors associated with increased anxiety scores included depression scores (β, 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.51) and stress scores (β, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52). Factors associated with increased depression scores included being frontline HCWs (β, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.10), stress scores (β, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.56), and anxiety scores (β, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.47), while working experience was associated with reduced depression scores (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.01). Factors associated with increased stress scores included working experience (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.16), personal protective equipment interference with daily activities (β, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.00), depression scores (β, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.59), and anxiety scores (β, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.50), while age was associated with reduced stress scores (β, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.05).
Conclusions
Specific interventions are necessary to enhance and promote the mental health of HCWs so they can successfully cope with the circumstances of the pandemic.

Summary

Key Message
A cross-sectional study of 990 Vietnamese healthcare workers in Vietnam, 2021 revealed significant mental health issues: 49.9 % suffered from depression, 52.3 % from anxiety, and 29.8 % from stress. The study found a correlation between these conditions, with frontline workers being particularly vulnerable to depression. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted mental health interventions for healthcare workers, particularly those new to the field and working on the front lines, in order to better manage pandemic-related stressors.

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Pandemic preparedness in Vietnam: a review of health system resilience and areas for improvement
Bach Xuan Tran, Taufique Joarder, Vincent Junxiong Pang, Clara Marin Carballo, Hoa Thi Do, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Ngo Van Toan, Shenglan Tang
Journal of Global Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Emotional Competence of Healthcare Workers and Its Impact on Patient Loyalty in Vietnamese Hospitals
Phuoc Thien Mai, Nah Pi Sa, Triet Dinh Luu, Nam Khoa Ly, Phi Duong Nguyen
Health Psychology Research.2024; 12(1): 1. CrossRef

Systematic Review

Adjusting for Confounders in Outcome Studies Using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database: A Review of Methods and Applications: Seung Jin Han, Kyoung Hoon Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):1-7. Published online November 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.250

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders.
Methods
We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included.
Results
Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively.
Conclusions
This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.

Summary

Korean summary
건강보험청구자료를 사용한 성과연구에서는 교란요인 통제가 중요하다. 최근 발표된 연구들은 연구설계와 통계 분석 과정에 적절하게 교란요인을 통제하였다. 연구의 질을 높이기 위해서는 건강보험청구자료에서 수집 가능한 교란 요인에 대한 이해와 방법론적 가이드라인이 요구된다.

Key Message
All recently published studies using Health Insurance Claims Database adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies. The review suggests the need for careful application of confounding variables and the methodological guidance to improve the quality of outcome studies.

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Factors Associated With Receiving Early Post-Discharge Follow-up Care in Patients With Schizophrenia
Song Ee Che, Kyoung-Hoon Kim
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Jong Hyun Park, Kyu-Taek Lim, Jooyeon Lee, Yongjin Gil, Joohon Sung
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(1): 92. CrossRef
Validation of Diagnostic Code Definitions for Identifying Patient in Korean Health Insurance Claims Data: A Scoping Review
Kyoung-Hoon Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Worsening of health disparities across COVID-19 pandemic stages in Korea
Hyejin Lee, Hyunwoo Nam, Jae-ryun Lee, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024038. CrossRef
Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study
Dal-Lae Jin, Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Euy Suk Chung, Seok-Jun Yoon
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Low household income increases risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young population: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in South Korea
Chiwook Chung, Kyu Na Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Sei Won Lee, Kyungdo Han
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Hyejin Lee, Soo-Hee Hwang, Choon-Seon Park, Seol-Hee Chung, Catherine L. Chen, Jin Yong Lee, Jin Soo Lee
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024015. CrossRef

Perspective

Epidemiological Model for Conventional Tobacco Control Measures and Tobacco Endgame Policies: Heewon Kang, Sung-il Cho; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):481-484. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.239

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Epidemiological models, also known as host-agent-vector-environment models, are utilized in public health to gain insights into disease occurrence and to formulate intervention strategies. In this paper, we propose an epidemiological model that incorporates both conventional measures and tobacco endgame policies. Our model suggests that conventional measures focus on relationships among agent-vector-host-environment components, whereas endgame policies inherently aim to change or eliminate those components at a fundamental level. We also found that the vector (tobacco industry) and environment (physical and social surroundings) components were insufficiently researched or controlled by both conventional measures and tobacco endgame policies. The use of an epidemiological model for tobacco control and the tobacco endgame is recommended to identify areas that require greater effort and to develop effective intervention measures.

Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 기존의 담배규제와 관련된 역학 모형을 확장하여 담배 수요를 줄이기 위한 조치인 MPOWER 정책과 담배 종결전의 주요 정책을 아우르는 개념적 모형을 제시하였다. 각 정책을 개념적 모형 내 배치한 결과, MPOWER 정책은 모형 내 구성요소 간의 연결을 끊는 것을 목표로 하는 반면, 종결전 정책은 모형 내 요소들을 영구적으로 변화시키거나 제거하려는 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 담배규제정책이 개체, 병원체, 벡터 및 환경 요소에 대한 균형 잡힌 포트폴리오를 갖추고 있는지 평가하기 위해 이 개념적 모형을 활용할 수 있다.

Key Message
We extended the conceptual epidemiological model for tobacco control by incorporating measures to reduce the demand for tobacco (MPOWER measures) and key endgame policies. The model suggests that MPOWER measures focus on disconnecting the relationships between model components, while endgame policies aim to permanently change or eliminate the components themselves. This model can be used to examine whether a country or jurisdiction's tobacco control policy maintains a balanced portfolio across agent, host, vector, and environmental factors.

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Heewon Kang, Naeun Kang, Gil-yong Kim, Hun Min Jang, Woojin Jeong, Susan Park
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2025; 16(1): 17. CrossRef
Prosociality and public support for tobacco control policies among South Korean adults: A cross-sectional study
Jaeyoung Ha, Heewon Kang, Ichiro Kawachi, Jieun Hwang, Sung-il Cho
SSM - Population Health.2025; 30: 101809. CrossRef
Public support for tobacco endgame policies in South Korea: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Korea Survey
Heewon Kang, Wonjeong Yoon, Hong Gwan Seo, Sungkyu Lee, Sujin Lim, Gil-yong Kim, Su Young Kim, Steve S Xu, Mi Yan, Anne C K Quah, Janet Chung-Hall, Lorraine V Craig, Coral E Gartner, Geoffrey T Fong, Sung-il Cho
Tobacco Control.2024; : tc-2023-058454. CrossRef
Decrease in household secondhand smoking among Korean adolescents associated with smoke-free policies: grade-period-cohort and interrupted time series analyses
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Epidemiology and Health.2023; 46: e2024009. CrossRef

Original Articles

Reliability of a Newly Developed Tool to Assess and Classify Work-related Stress (TAWS-16) for Indian Workforce: Gautham Melur Sukumar, Runalika Roy, Mariamma Philip, Gururaj Gopalkrishna; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):407-412. Published online August 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.219

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Work stress is associated with non-communicable diseases, increased healthcare costs, and decreased work productivity among employees in the information technology sector. There is a need for regular work-stress screening among employees using valid and reliable tools. The Tool to Assess and Classify Work Stress (TAWS-16) was developed to overcome limitations in existing stress assessment tools in India. This study aimed to test the reliability of TAWS-16 in a sample of managerial-supervisory employees.
Methods
This observational reliability study included data from 62 employees. Test-retest and inter-method reliability were investigated using a TAWS-16 web application and interview by telephone, respectively. Kappa values and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha.
Results
For both test-retest and inter-method reliability, the agreement for both work-related factors and symptoms suggestive of work stress exceeded 80%, and all kappa values were 0.40 or higher. Cronbach’s alpha for test-retest and inter-method reliability was 0.983 and 0.941, respectively.
Conclusions
TAWS-16 demonstrated acceptable reliability. It measured stressors, coping abilities, and psychosomatic symptoms associated with work stress. We recommend using TAWS-16 to holistically identify work stress among employees during periodical health check-ups in India.; Summary

Key Message
The study assessed test-retest and inter-method reliability of Tool to Assess Work Stress (TAWS – 16) developed by Centre for Public Health, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) on 62 employees in Bengaluru, India. Kappa statistics, Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated. TAWS – 16 demonstrated acceptable reliability, good internal consistency and can be used to identify work stress among employees during periodical health check-ups in Indian setting.

Gender Inequalities in Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-based Study in Korea: Minku Kang, Sarah Yu, Seung-Ah Choe, Daseul Moon, Myung Ki, Byung Chul Chun; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(5):413-421. Published online August 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.170

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study explored the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on psychosocial stress in prime working-age individuals in Korea, focusing on gender inequalities. We hypothesized that the impact of COVID-19 on mental health would differ by age and gender, with younger women potentially demonstrating heightened vulnerability relative to men.
Methods
The study involved data from the Korea Community Health Survey and included 319 592 adults aged 30 years to 49 years. We employed log-binomial regression analysis, controlling for variables including age, education, employment status, marital status, and the presence of children. The study period included 3 phases: the period prior to the COVID-19 outbreak (pre–COVID-19), the early pandemic, and the period following the introduction of vaccinations (post-vaccination).
Results
The findings indicated that women were at a heightened risk of psychosocial stress during the early pandemic (relative risk [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.05) and post-vaccination period (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.10) compared to men. This pattern was prominent in urban women aged 30-34 years (pre–COVID-19: RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10; early pandemic: RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.25; post-vaccination period, RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.31).
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted unequal impacts on psychosocial stress among prime working-age individuals in Korea, with women, particularly those in urban areas, experiencing a heightened risk. The findings highlight the importance of addressing gender-specific needs and implementing appropriate interventions to mitigate the psychosocial consequences of the pandemic.

Summary

Korean summary
코로나19 대유행이 국내 경제활동인구의 정신건강에 미친 젠더화된 영향을 조사하였다. 연구대상자는 2017-2021년 지역사회건강조사 조사대상자 319,592명이다. 연구 결과, 대유행 이후 30-39세 연령대 여성의 스트레스 수준이 남성에 비하여 현저히 증가한 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 거리두기를 엄격하게 시행하였던 도시 지역에서 이러한 경향이 두드러졌다. 이번 연구 결과는 대유행 대응 노력에서 취약 집단을 지원하기 위한 중재 정책의 필요성을 강조한다

Key Message
We investigate the gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the working-age population in Korea, focusing on ages 30-49, utilizing data from the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) from 2017 to 2021 including 319,592 participants. Findings reveal a notable increase in stress levels among women in the 30-39 age group after the pandemic compared to men, accentuating in urban areas with stringent social distancing measures. Our results underscore the necessity for intervention policies to support vulnerable groups in pandemic response efforts.

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Irwin Hecker, Solène Wallez, Honor Scarlett, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Richard Bryant, Giulia Caggiu, Claudia Conflitti, Katalin Gémes, Josep Maria Haro, Vincent Lorant, Roberto Mediavilla, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Anna Monistrol-Mula, Matteo Monzio Compa
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Health Behaviors Before and After the Implementation of a Health Community Organization: Gangwon’s Health-Plus Community Program: Joon-Hyeong Kim, Nam-Jun Kim, Soo-Hyeong Kim, Woong-Sub Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(6):487-494. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.121

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Community organization is a resident-led movement aimed at creating fundamental social changes in the community by resolving its problems through the organized power of its residents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of health community organization (HCO), Gangwon’s Health-Plus community program, implemented from 2013 to 2019 on residents’ health behaviors.
Methods
This study had a before-and-after design using 2011-2019 Korea Community Health Survey data. To compare the 3-year periods before and after HCO implementation, the study targeted areas where the HCO had been implemented for 4 years or longer. Therefore, a total of 4512 individuals from 11 areas with HCO start years from 2013 to 2016 were included. Complex sample multi-logistic regression analysis adjusting for demographic characteristics (sex, age, residential area, income level, education level, and HCO start year) was conducted.
Results
HCO implementation was associated with decreased current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and subjective stress recognition (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.97). Additionally, the HCO was associated with increased walking exercise practice (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.71), and attempts to control weight (aOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.64). No significant negative changes were observed in other health behavior variables.
Conclusions
The HCO seems to have contributed to improving community health indicators. In the future, a follow-up study that analyzes only the effectiveness of the HCO through structured quasi-experimental studies will be needed.

Summary

Korean summary
건강주민운동은 지역사회 건강지표 향상에 기여한 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 주민참여형 건강증진사업이 주민들의 건강을 향상하기 위해서는 주민이 주체가 되어 조직화된 힘으로 지역사회의 근본적인 변화를 만들어가는 주민운동의 관점으로 시행될 필요가 있다.

Key Message
The Health Community Organization (HCO) appears to contribute to the enhancement of community health indicators. Therefore, in order to improve the health of residents through community-based participatory health promotion programs, it is necessary to implement them from the perspective of the HCO in which residents organize themselves as a mobilized force to bring about fundamental changes in the community.

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Comparative analysis of oral health behaviour and utilisation of oral health care services in the general population and among patients with non-communicable diseases in Korea: a repeated cross-sectional survey conducted from 2008 to 2022
Jeehee Pyo, Hyeran Jeong, Noor Afif Mahmudah, Young-Kwon Park, Minsu Ock, Pracheth Raghuveer
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Cumulative social-ecological risk factors and health-risk behaviors among Chinese adolescents: A latent class analysis
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Special Article

National Cancer Control Plan of the Korea: Current Status and the Fourth Plan (2021-2025): Kyu-Tae Han, Jae Kwan Jun, Jeong-Soo Im; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):205-211. Published online May 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.115

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Abstract Summary PDF

Cancer management has become a major policy goal for the government of the Korea. As such, the government introduced the National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP) to reduce the individual and social burdens caused by cancer and to promote national health. During the past 25 years, 3 phases of the NCCP have been completed. During this time, the NCCP has changed significantly in all aspects of cancer control from prevention to survival. The targets for cancer control are increasing, and although some blind spots remain, new demands are emerging. The government initiated the fourth NCCP in March 2021, with the vision of “A Healthy Country with No Concerns about Cancer Anywhere at Any Time,” which aims to build and disseminate high-quality cancer data, reduce preventable cancer cases, and reduce gaps in cancer control. Its main strategies include (1) activation of cancer big data, (2) advancement of cancer prevention and screening, (3) improvement in cancer treatment and response, and (4) establishment of a foundation for balanced cancer control. The fourth NCCP has many positive expectations, similar to the last 3 plans; however, cross-domain support and participation are required to achieve positive results in cancer control. Notably, cancer remains the leading cause of death despite decades of management efforts and should continue to be managed carefully from a national perspective.

Summary

Korean summary
- 기존 1~3차 국가암관리계획의 전반적인 성과를 소개합니다. - 제4차 국가암관리계획의 목표 및 내용을 기존 계획과 비교하여 설명합니다.

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Original Article

A Peer-support Mini-counseling Model to Improve Treatment in HIV-positive Pregnant Women in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: Artha Camellia, Plamularsih Swandari, Gusni Rahma, Tuti Parwati Merati, I Made Bakta, Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(3):238-247. Published online April 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.516

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Low adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of virus transmission from mother to newborn. Increasing mothers’ knowledge and motivation to access treatment has been identified as a critical factor in prevention. Therefore, this research aimed to explore barriers and enablers in accessing HIV care and treatment services.
Methods
This research was the first phase of a mixed-method analysis conducted in Kupang, a remote city in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 17 people interviewed, consisting of 6 mothers with HIV, 5 peer facilitators, and 6 health workers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document review. Inductive thematic analysis was also performed. The existing data were grouped into several themes, then relationships and linkages were drawn from each group of informants.
Results
Barriers to accessing care and treatment were lack of knowledge about the benefits of ARV; stigma from within and the surrounding environment; difficulty in accessing services due to distance, time, and cost; completeness of administration; drugs’ side effects; and the quality of health workers and HIV services.
Conclusions
There was a need for a structured and integrated model of peer support to improve ARV uptake and treatment in pregnant women with HIV. This research identified needs including mini-counseling sessions designed to address psychosocial barriers as an integrated approach to support antenatal care that can effectively assist HIV-positive pregnant women in improving treatment adherence.

Summary

Citations

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The Childbirth Experience of Pregnant Women Living with HIV Virus
Andréa Paula de Azevedo, Luisa Castro, Cristina Barroso Hofer, Francisca Rego
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(6): 1975. CrossRef
Manifestation and Markings of HIV Stigma in Indonesia: A Scoping Review
Ni Kadek Sudastri, Luh Putu Lila Wulandari, Pande Putu Januraga
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(6): 840. CrossRef
Letter to the Editor: Supporting the Sick and the Vulnerable
Fides A. del Castillo
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(4): 392. CrossRef
Author Response: Supporting the Sick and the Vulnerable
Artha Camellia, Gusni Rahma
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(4): 394. CrossRef

Brief Report

How Well Do U.S. Primary Care and Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinicians Screen for Pregnancy Complications at Well Woman Visits? A Retrospective Cohort Study: Eli D. Medvescek, Sorana Raiciulescu, Andrew S. Thagard, Katerina Shvartsman; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):190-195. Published online March 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.492

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes (GDM), and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), impact long-term health. We compared the frequency of screening documentation for pregnancy complications versus a general medical history at well woman visits between providers in primary care and obstetrics and gynecology.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of subjects with at least 1 prior birth who presented for a well woman visit in 2019-2020. Charts were reviewed for documentation of a general medical history (hypertension, diabetes, and mood disorders) versus screening for comparable obstetric complications (pre-eclampsia, GDM, and PMADs). The results were compared using the McNemar and chi-square tests as appropriate.
Results
In total, 472 encounters were identified, and 137 met the inclusion criteria. Across specialties, clinicians were significantly more likely to document general medical conditions than pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 5.48), diabetes (OR, 7.67; 95% CI, 3.27 to 22.0), and mood disorders (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 3.81 to 40.3). Obstetrics and gynecology providers were more likely to document any pregnancy history (OR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.24 to 16.27); however, they were not significantly more likely to screen for relevant obstetric complications (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 0.90 to 6.89). Overall, the rate of pregnancy complication documentation was low in primary care and obstetrics and gynecology clinics (8.8 and 19.0%, respectively).
Conclusions
Obstetrics and gynecology providers more frequently documented a pregnancy history than those in primary care; however, the rate was low across specialties, and providers reported screening for clinically relevant complications less frequently than for general medical conditions.; Summary

Perspective

Gender in Climate Change: Safeguarding LGBTQ+ Mental Health in the Philippine Climate Change Response From a Minority Stress Perspective: Rowalt Alibudbud; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):196-199. Published online March 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.501

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Abstract PDF

Climate-related events unevenly affect society, worsening mental health disparities among vulnerable populations. This paper highlights that lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, queers, and other individuals identifying as sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ+) could be considered a climate-vulnerable population in the Philippines, one of the most climate-vulnerable countries. As such, this paper elucidated that LGBTQ+ Filipinos can be marginalized in climate response efforts due to their sexual orientation and gender minority identities. According to the minority stress theory, discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals may predispose them to mental health problems. Thus, there is a need to institute an LGBTQ+ inclusive mental health response for climate-related events to address discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals and uphold their mental health.

Summary

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Original Articles

The Outcomes of an e-Wellness Program for Lupus Patients in Thailand: A Participatory Action Research Approach: Nop T. Ratanasiripong, Steven Cahill, Christine Crane, Paul Ratanasiripong; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):154-163. Published online March 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.491

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus patients usually experience various physical and psychological challenges. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, these challenges have become even harsher. Using the participatory action research approach, this study evaluated how an e-wellness program (eWP) impacted SLE-related knowledge and health behaviors, mental health, and quality of life among lupus patients in Thailand.
Methods
A 1-group, pretest-posttest design study was conducted among a purposive sample of lupus patients who were members of Thai SLE Foundation. The 2 main intervention components were: (1) online social support, and (2) lifestyle and stress management workshops. Sixty-eight participants completed all the study requirements, including the Physical and Psychosocial Health Assessment questionnaire.
Results
After being in the eWP for 3 months, participants’ mean score for SLE-related knowledge increased significantly (t=5.3, p<0.001). The increase in sleep hours was statistically significant (Z=-3.1, p<0.01), with the percentage of participants who slept less than 7 hours decreasing from 52.9% to 29.0%. The percentage of participants reporting sun exposure decreased from 17.7% to 8.8%. The participants also reported significantly lower stress (t(66)=-4.4, p<0.001) and anxiety (t(67)=-2.9, p=0.005). The post-eWP quality of life scores for the pain, planning, intimate relationship, burden to others, emotional health, and fatigue domains also improved significantly (p<0.05).
Conclusions
The overall outcomes showed promising results of improved self-care knowledge, health behaviors, mental health status, and quality of life. It is recommended that the SLE Foundation continues to use the eWP model to help the lupus patient community.

Summary

Citations

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The Impact of Self-Management Interventions on Behavioral and Clinical Outcomes in Individuals with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence From 2003-2024
Sirikarn Hanrop, Nirunya Narupan, Nattaya Praha, Lalipat Phianhasin, Suebsarn Ruksakulpiwat
Patient Preference and Adherence.2025; Volume 19: 1763. CrossRef
Positive psychological capital, post-traumatic growth, social support, and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional study
Lyu Meng, Cui-Rong Gao, Hui-Cai Wang, Raxida Yasin, Rui-Jie Huang, Yu-Xin Zhao, Xiao-Hui Ma, Yuan-Yuan Wen
Lupus.2024; 33(5): 470. CrossRef

Discrete-time Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Early Menarche in Korean Schoolgirls: Yong Jin Gil, Jong Hyun Park, Joohon Sung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):59-66. Published online December 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.428

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data.
Methods
The study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild’s conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates.
Results
Gompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche.
Conclusions
Weight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche.

Summary

Korean summary
초경연령의 조기화는 세계적인 현상이나 유독 우리나라에서는 그 단축속도가 매우 빠르나. 그 위험요인은 비만 이외에 확립되어 있지 못하다. 본 연구는 한국아동청소년패널의 2010-16년도까지 추적관찰된 914 명의 여아 자료를 Gompetz 회귀모형 (다중 분절형 생존분석모형)을 통해 분석하였며, 그 결과 과체중은 1년의 초경연령 단축을 유발할 위험도가 정상체중 여아에 비해 1.63배, 수면시간이 충분하지 못한 여아는 충분한 수면을 취하는 여아에 비해 1년의 초경연령 단축이 발생할 위험도가 1.38배 높은 것으로 나타났다.

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Neighbourhood environment and early menarche among adolescent girls of five countries
Erdenetuya Bolormaa, Taemi Kim, Eunson Gwak, Seung-Ah Choe, Adriane Martin Hilber
The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care.2024; 29(6): 263. CrossRef

Intervention to Improve Menstrual Health Among Adolescent Girls Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in Iran: A Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial: Fatemeh Darabi, Mehdi Yaseri; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):595-603. Published online November 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.365

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Poor menstrual health may lead to school absenteeism and adverse health outcomes for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pubertal and menstrual health education on health and preventive behaviors among Iranian secondary school girls.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a health intervention program. A total of 578 students (including intervention and control participants) in 12 schools in Tehran Province, Iran were included by multistage random sampling. The program comprised seven 2-hour educational sessions. After confirming the reliability and validity of a researcher-made questionnaire, that questionnaire was used to collect the required data, and the groups were followed up with after 6 months.
Results
After the educational intervention, the mean scores of menstrual health-related knowledge and constructs of the theory of planned behavior were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.001 for all dimensions).
Conclusions
The results of this study emphasize the effectiveness of menstrual health interventions in schools. These findings should also encourage health policy-makers to take committed action to improve performance in schools.

Summary

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Maryam Gharacheh, Fahimeh Ranjbar
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Sofia Muñoz-Medina, Shird Carol Blanicheth Osso-Garzón, Laura Carolina Medina-Cifuentes, Cristina Vargas-Devis, Laura Karolina Franco-Buitrago
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Antenatal Care Services and Incidence of Low Birth Weight: A Comparison of Demographic and Health Surveys in 4 ASEAN Countries: Miftahul Arsyi, Besral Besral, Milla Herdayati, Revati Phalkey; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):559-567. Published online November 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.316

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the effect of complete coverage and content of available antenatal care (ANC) on the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in 4 countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
Methods
Measures of complete coverage and content of ANC services included the frequency of ANC visits and the seven service components (blood pressure measurement, iron supplementation, tetanus toxoid immunization, explanations of pregnancy complications, urine sample test, blood sample test, and weight measurement). The complete coverage and content of ANC services were assessed as high if more than 4 ANC visits and all seven components were delivered. Multivariable logistic regression with complex survey designs was conducted using Demographic Health Survey data from the 4 ASEAN countries in question from 2014 to 2017.
Results
The proportion of LBW infants was higher in the Philippines (13.8%) than in Indonesia (6.7%), Cambodia (6.7%), or Myanmar (7.5%). Poor ANC services were associated with a 1.30 times higher incidence of LBW than a high level of complete coverage and content of ANC services (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 1.52). In addition, the risk of LBW was higher in the Philippines than in other countries (aOR, 2.25; 95% CI, 2.01 to 2.51) after adjusting for mothers’ demographic/socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and other factors.
Conclusions
In sum, complete coverage and content of ANC services were significantly associated with the incidence of LBW in Indonesia, Cambodia, and Myanmar. The Philippines did not show statistically significant results for this relationship, but had a higher risk of LBW with poor ANC.

Summary

Citations

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Frequency of Low Birth Weight Neonates in Mothers with Low Serum Ferritin Levels
Samra Khan, Falak Naz Baloch, Rabia Bosan, Aiman Khan, Muneeba Khan, Zakir Ali Punar, Zobia Munaf
Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2025; : 60. CrossRef
Factors Associated With Low Birth Weight Among Under‐Five Children in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys of 58,857 Children
Sulaimon T. Adedokun, Sanni Yaya
Health Science Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Synergistic associations of antenatal care visits and iron-folic acid supplementation with low birth weight: a pooled analysis of national surveys from six south Asian countries
Vishnu Khanal, Sangita Bista, Shiva Raj Mishra
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The association of Chinese and American antenatal care utilization indices with birth outcomes
Haibo Zhou, Yi Yang, Peihan Chi, Haoyue Cheng, Xialidan Alifu, Yiwen Qiu, Ye Huang, Libi Zhang, Diliyaer Ainiwan, Yan Zhuang, Hui Liu, Zhi Chen, Yunxian Yu
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship of sociodemographic factors and low birth weight in toddlers
Nikmatur Rohmah, Indah Wulandari, Agil Khoironi Firdaus, Nabilah Auliya, Novannisa Imanda, Dwi Ningtyas Anggraini
Frontiers of Nursing.2024; 11(4): 479. CrossRef
Effect of the enhancing nutrition and antenatal infection treatment (ENAT) intervention on birth weight in Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Y Mekonnen, E Wolde, A Bekele, Z Mehari, S Abebe, T Hagos, Y Tadesse, T Taye, G Asire, T Nigatu, S Kumar, S Girma, M Salasibew
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Compliance with the World Health Organization’s 2016 prenatal care contact recommendation reduces the incidence rate of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women in northern Ghana
Leticia Achangebe Akum, Eunice Amina Offei, Mary Rachael Kpordoxah, Daudi Yeboah, Abdul-Nasir Issah, Michael Boah, Sanjoy Kumer Dey
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(6): e0285621. CrossRef

Prevalence and Predictors of Complementary Feeding Practices Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Indonesia: Siti Nurokhmah, Lucinda Middleton, Aryono Hendarto; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(6):549-558. Published online October 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.199

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Poor complementary feeding practices have consistently contributed to the burden of child undernutrition in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of the time of the introduction of solid, semi-solid, and soft foods (ISSSF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD).
Methods
We analyzed 4804 last-born infants aged 6-23 months from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, which employed multistage cluster random sampling. The outcomes were calculated based on the 2021 World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund guidelines. The predictors of the 4 complementary feeding indicators were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders and study design.
Results
The prevalence of ISSSF, MDD, MMF, and MAD was 86.1%, 54.3%, 71.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, with younger children less likely to meet 3 out of the 4 outcomes. Parental education, the presence of a birth attendant, and maternal media consumption were among the predictors of MDD and MAD. Children from families with higher income were more likely to meet MDD than those from low-income households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.28). Living in an urban area was positively associated with MMF (aPR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15) and MAD (aPR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24). In eastern regions, the prevalence of children achieving MDD and MAD was lower than in those living in Java and Bali.
Conclusions
It is crucial that more attention and efforts are made to improve the recommended practices throughout Indonesia, since the prevalence of adequate complementary feeding practices remains low.

Summary

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Abdurehman Kalu Tololu, Bekele Teshome, Hiwot Zelalem Fessaha, Abdene Weya Kaso
BMC Pediatrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and associated factors of complementary feeding practices of mothers having children 6–23 months in rural disadvantaged areas, Ben Tre province, Vietnam: a cross-sectional study
Thuy Ngoc Vuong, Hang Thi Diem Tran
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Krongporn Ongprasert, Jakarin Chawachat, Jukkrit Wungrath, Wuttipat Kiratipaisarl
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Women’s empowerment-related inequalities in complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia: a decomposition analysis
Siti Nurokhmah, Judhiastuty Februhartanty, Mia Siscawati, Aryono Hendarto
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Social-demographic and behavioral predictors of core indicators of complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6–23 months: baseline results from a cluster-randomized trial in rural Ethiopia
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Iqlima Dwi Kurnia, Praba Diyan Rachmawati, Yuni Sufyanti Arief, Ilya Krisnana, Pratuma Rithpho, Hidayat Arifin
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Brief Report

Effects of Forest Therapy on Psychological Improvement in Middle-aged Women in Korea: Bum-Jin Park, Won-Sop Shin, Chang-Seob Shin, Poung-Sik Yeon, Chung-Yeub Chung, Si-Hyung Lee, Dong-Jun Kim, Youn-Hee Kim, Chang-Eun Park; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(5):492-497. Published online September 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.086

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Women experience more stress in middle age than in other periods of their lives. Therefore, health management programs that enable middle-aged women to cope with and manage stress are needed. This study investigated the psychological effects of a meditation-focused forest therapy program among 53 middle-aged women living in urban areas in Korea.
Methods
Participants were divided into 2 groups: one group underwent the program for 3 days in a forest, followed by 3 days in an urban environment, and the other group underwent the program for 3 days in the urban environment, followed by 3 days in the forest. The psychological effects of the forest therapy program were evaluated using the Profile of Mood States-Brief (POMS-B). Differences in mood state before and after the program conducted in the forest (experimental group) and in the urban environment (control group) were evaluated using the paired-samples t-test.
Results
The program in the forest significantly reduced tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion among the domains of the POMS-B. The program in the urban area significantly reduced tension, but not depression, anger, fatigue, or confusion.
Conclusions
Meditation-focused forest therapy programs are expected to contribute to promoting psychological health and enhancing the quality of life of middle-aged women.

Summary

Korean summary
중년 여성이 건강을 관리할 수 있는 프로그램이 필요하다. 이 연구는 명상 중심의 산림치유 프로그램이 중년 여성의 심리적 건강 증진에 효과적인지 검증하기 위해 프로그램 시행 전후에 참가자의 기분상태(POMS-B)를 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과에 의하면 긴장, 우울, 분노, 피곤, 혼돈이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다.

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Yawei Wei, Won Sop Shin, Michael Lee, Tahia Devisscher, Guangyu Wang
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S. Sacchelli, E. Barbierato, S. Baldessari, F. Becheri, A. Cerutti, S. Notaro, S. Righi, A. Paletto, I. Bernetti
Trees, Forests and People.2025; 22: 101003. CrossRef
Benefits of forest therapy for adult mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the Profile of Mood States (POMS)
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Susan A Abookire, Sujata G Ayala, Nancy A Shadick
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Special Article

The Primary Process and Key Concepts of Economic Evaluation in Healthcare: Younhee Kim, Yunjung Kim, Hyeon-Jeong Lee, Seulki Lee, Sun-Young Park, Sung-Hee Oh, Suhyun Jang, Taejin Lee, Jeonghoon Ahn, Sangjin Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(5):415-423. Published online August 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.195

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Abstract Summary PDF

Economic evaluations in the healthcare are used to assess economic efficiency of pharmaceuticals and medical interventions such as diagnoses and medical procedures. This study introduces the main concepts of economic evaluation across its key steps: planning, outcome and cost calculation, modeling, cost-effectiveness results, uncertainty analysis, and decision-making. When planning an economic evaluation, we determine the study population, intervention, comparators, perspectives, time horizon, discount rates, and type of economic evaluation. In healthcare economic evaluations, outcomes include changes in mortality, the survival rate, life years, and quality-adjusted life years, while costs include medical, non-medical, and productivity costs. Model-based economic evaluations, including decision tree and Markov models, are mainly used to calculate the total costs and total effects. In cost-effectiveness or costutility analyses, cost-effectiveness is evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which is the additional cost per one additional unit of effectiveness gained by an intervention compared with a comparator. All outcomes have uncertainties owing to limited evidence, diverse methodologies, and unexplained variation. Thus, researchers should review these uncertainties and confirm their robustness. We hope to contribute to the establishment and dissemination of economic evaluation methodologies that reflect Korean clinical and research environment and ultimately improve the rationality of healthcare policies.

Summary

Korean summary
보건의료분야에서 경제성 평가는 의약품과 진단검사 및 치료법 등 의료기술에 대한 평가에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 경제성 평가절차를 경제성 평가 설계, 결과 산출, 비용산출, 모형 구축 및 분석, 비용-효과성 결과 제시 및 불확실성 평가와 의사 결정 단계로 나누어 주요 개념과 쟁점들을 소개하였다.

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Brief Report

Analysis of a Targeted Intervention Programme on the Risk Behaviours of Injecting Drug Users in India: Evidence From the National Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey: Damodar Sahu, Varsha Ranjan, Nalini Chandra, Saritha Nair, Anil Kumar, Elangovan Arumugam, Mendu Vishnu Vardhana Rao; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):407-413. Published online July 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.150

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study provides insights on the impact of a targeted intervention (TI) programme on behaviour change among injecting drug users (IDUs) in India.
Methods
This paper examined the data from the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance 2014-2015 for IDUs in India. Logistic regression was performed to understand the factors (TI programme services) that affected injecting risk behaviours by adjusting for covariates. Propensity score matching was conducted to understand the impact of the TI programme on using new needles/syringes and sharing needles/syringes in the most recent injecting episode by accounting for the covariates that predicted receiving the intervention.
Results
Participants who received new needles and syringes from peer educators or outreach workers were 1.3 times (adjusted odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.53) more likely to use new needles/syringes during most recent injecting episode than participants who did not receive needles/syringes. The matched-samples estimate (i.e., average treatment effect on treated) of using new needles in the most recent injecting episode showed a 2.8% (95% CI, 0.0 to 5.6) increase in the use of new needles and a 6.5% (95% CI, -9.7 to -3.3) decrease in needle sharing in the most recent injecting episode in participants who received new needles/syringes. There was a 2.2% (95% CI, -3.8 to -0.6) decrease in needle sharing in the most recent injecting episode among participants who were referred to other services (integrated counselling and testing centre, detox centres, etc.).
Conclusions
The TI programme proved to be effective for behaviour change among IDUs, as substantiated by the use of new needles/syringes and sharing of needles/syringes.

Summary

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Shruti Vashisht, Nishakar Thakur, Shashi Kant, Sanjay Rai, Shreya Jha
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Original Articles

Increase in Potential Low-value Magnetic Resonance Imaging Utilization Due to Out-of-pocket Payment Reduction Across Income Groups in Korea: An Experimental Vignette Study: Yukyung Shin, Ji-su Lee, Young Kyung Do; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):389-397. Published online July 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.208

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study examined the effect of out-of-pocket (OOP) payment reduction on the potential utilization of low-value magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across income groups.
Methods
We conducted an experimental vignette survey using a proportional quota-based sample of individuals in Korea (n=1229). In two hypothetical vignettes, participants were asked whether they would be willing to use MRI if they had uncomplicated headache and non-specific low back pain, each before and after OOP payment reduction. To account for the possible role of physician inducement, half of the participants were initially presented with vignettes that included a physician recommendation for low-value care. The predicted probability, slope index of inequality (SII), and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated using logistic regression.
Results
Before OOP payment reduction, the lowest income quintile was least likely to use low-value MRI regardless of physician inducement (36.7-49.6% for low back pain; 30.5-39.3% for headache). After OOP payment reduction, almost all individuals in each income quintile were willing to use low-value MRI (89.8-98.0% for low back pain; 78.1-90.3% for headache). Absolute and relative inequalities concerning potential low-value MRI utilization decreased after OOP payments were reduced, even without physician inducement (SII: from 8.15 to 5.37%, RII: from 1.20 to 1.06 for low back pain; SII: from 6.99 to 0.83%, RII: from 1.20 to 1.01 for headache).
Conclusions
OOP payment reduction for MRI has the potential to increase low-value care utilization among all income groups while decreasing inequality in low-value care utilization.

Summary

Korean summary
실험적 비네트 디자인을 활용하여 환자 본인부담금 감소가 잠재적 저가치 MRI 이용에 미치는 영향을 소득 수준별로 분석한 연구이다. 본인부담금 감소로 인해 잠재적 저가치 MRI 이용은 모든 소득 수준에서 증가하고 잠재적 저가치 MRI 이용의 소득 수준에 따른 차이는 감소하는 결과를 보였다.

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Inter-regional patient outmigration to Seoul in South Korea: the role of regional healthcare quality perceptions
Moo Hyuk Lee, Ji-Su Lee, Young Kyung Do
BMC Health Services Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Significance of Isolated Sphenoid Sinusitis Identified in Pediatric Patients Presenting with Headache
Seung Beom Han, Jee Min Kim, Eu Gene Park, Ji Yoon Han, Jin Lee
Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1625. CrossRef
Socioeconomic inequality in organized and opportunistic screening for colorectal cancer: results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2009-2021
Xuan Quy Luu, Kyeongmin Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh, Kui Son Choi
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023086. CrossRef

Inequality in Private Health Care Expenditures: A 36-Year Trend Study of Iranian Households: Ehsan Aghapour, Mehdi Basakha, Seyed Hossein Mohaqeqi Kamal, Abolghasem Pourreza; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):379-388. Published online June 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.123

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Throughout history, societies have been impacted by inequality. Many studies have been conducted on the topic more broadly, but only a few have investigated inequalities in out-of-pocket health payments (OHP). This study measures OHP inequality trends among the Iranian households.
Methods
This study used data from the Iranian Statistics Center on Iranian household income and expenditures. The analysis included a total of 995 300 households during the 36 years from 1984 to 2019. The Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, and Theil index were calculated for Iranian OHP.
Results
Average Iranian household OHP increased from 33 US dollar (USD) in 1984 to 47 USD in 2019. During this 36-year span, the average±standard deviation Gini coefficient for OHP was 0.73±0.04, and the Atkinson and Theil indexes were 0.68±0.05 and 1.14±0.29, respectively. The Gini coefficients for the subcategories of OHP of outpatient diagnostic services, medical assistant accessories, hospital inpatient services, and addiction cessation were 0.70, 0.61, 0.84, and 0.64, respectively.
Conclusions
In this study, we scrutinized trends of inequality in the OHP of Iranian households. Inequality in OHP decreased slightly over the past four decades. An analysis of trends among different subgroups revealed that affluent households, such as households with insurance coverage and households in higher income deciles, experienced higher inequality. Therefore, lower inequality in health care expenditures may be related to restricted access to health care services in Iran.

Summary

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Unequal benefits: the effects of health insurance integration on consumption inequality in rural China
Linlin Han
Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Decomposition of Healthcare Utilization Inequality in Iran: The Prominent Role of Health Literacy and Neighborhood Characteristics
Neda Soleimanvandiazar, Seyed Hossein Mohaqeqi Kamal, Mehdi Basakha, Salah Eddin Karimi, Sina Ahmadi, Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni, Homeira Sajjadi, Ameneh Setareh Forouzan
INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Construction of the Mobility to Participation Assessment Scale for Stroke (MPASS) and Testing Its Validity and Reliability in Persons With Stroke in Thailand: Jiraphat Nawarat, Kanda Chaipinyo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(4):334-341. Published online June 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.605

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study was conducted to develop the Mobility to Participation Assessment Scale for Stroke (MPASS) and assess its content validity, internal consistency, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, and convergent validity in people with stroke living in the community.
Methods
The MPASS was developed using published data on mobility-related activity and participation timing in elderly individuals, and then reviewed by community physical therapists. Content validity was established by reaching a consensus of experienced physical therapists in a focus group. The MPASS was scored for 32 participants with stroke (mean age 61.75±4.92 years) by 3 individual testers. Reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), internal consistency using the Cronbach alpha coefficient (α), and convergent validity using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to compare the MPASS to the Modified Rivermead Mobility Index as a referent test of mobility.
Results
The MPASS consists of 8 items, and its scoring system provides information on the ability of people with stroke to reach a movement level enabling them to live in society, including interactions with other people and safe living in the community. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were excellent (ICC, 0.948; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.893 to 0.982 and ICC, 0.967; 95% CI, 0.933 to 0.989, respectively). Internal consistency was good (α=0.877). The convergent validity was moderate (r=0.646; p<0.001).
Conclusions
The newly developed MPASS showed acceptable construct validity and high reliability. The MPASS is suitable for use in people with stroke, especially those who have been discharged and live in the community with the ability to initiate sitting.; Summary

Decomposition of Socioeconomic Inequality in Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence in the Adult Population: A Cohort-based Cross-sectional Study in Northwest Iran: Farhad Pourfarzi, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Hamed Zandian; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):297-306. Published online May 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.051

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is increasing in developing countries. This study aimed to decompose the socioeconomic inequality of CVD in Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 20 519 adults who enrolled in the Ardabil Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Principal component analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used, respectively, to estimate socioeconomic status and to describe the relationships between CVD prevalence and the explanatory variables. The relative concentration index, concentration curve, and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition model were used to measure and decompose the socioeconomic inequality.
Results
The overall age-adjusted prevalence of CVD was 8.4% in northwest Iran. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older adults, overweight or obese adults, and people with hypertension and diabetes were more likely to have CVD. Moreover, people with low economic status were 38% more likely to have CVD than people with high economic status. The prevalence of CVD was mainly concentrated among the poor (concentration index, -0.077: 95% confidence interval, -0.103 to -0.060), and 78.66% of the gap between the poorest and richest groups was attributed to differences in the distribution of the explanatory variables included in the model.
Conclusions
The most important factors affecting inequality in CVD were old age, chronic illness (hypertension and diabetes), marital status, and socioeconomic status. This study documented stark inequality in the prevalence of CVD, wherein the poor were more affected than the rich. Therefore, it is necessary to implement policies to monitor, screen, and control CVD in poor people living in northwest Iran.

Summary

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Relationship between social determinants of health and stroke, and the moderating and mediating effect of depression
YongYing Zhang, Bin Zhang, Honghua Zhuang, Yushan Yin
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George Bazoukis, Joseph Loscalzo, Jennifer L. Hall, Sandeep Chandra Bollepalli, Jagmeet P. Singh, Antonis A. Armoundas
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Special Article

Cohort Profile: Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort Constructed by Linking the Korean National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and National Health Information Database: Dawoon Jeong, Hee-Yeon Kang, Jinsun Kim, Hyewon Lee, Bit-Na Yoo, Hee-Sun Kim, Hongjo Choi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(3):253-262. Published online April 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.635

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We aimed to review the current data composition of the Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort, which was constructed by linking the Korean Tuberculosis Surveillance System (KNTSS; established and operated by the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency since 2000) and the National Health Information Database (NHID; established by the National Health Insurance Service in 2012). The following data were linked: KNTSS data pertaining to patients diagnosed with tuberculosis between 2011 and 2018, NHID data of patients with a history of tuberculosis and related diseases between 2006 and 2018, and data (obtained from the Statistics Korea database) on causes of death. Data from 300 117 tuberculosis patients (177 206 men and 122 911 women) were linked. The rate of treatment success for new cases was highest in 2015 (86.7%), with a gradual decrease thereafter. The treatment success rate for previously treated cases showed an increasing trend until 2014 (79.0%) and decreased thereafter. In total, 53 906 deaths were confirmed among tuberculosis patients included in the cohort. The Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort can be used to analyze different measurement variables in an integrated manner depending on the data source. Therefore, these cohort data can be used in future epidemiological studies and research on policy-effect analysis, treatment outcome analysis, and health-related behaviors such as treatment discontinuation.

Summary

Korean summary
TB Post 코호트(Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort)는 한국의 결핵 모니터링 및 관리에 대한 인구집단 수준에서의 새로운 근거를 마련하고자 구축한 우리나라 결핵 환자 코호트입니다. 국가 결핵감시체계의 일환으로 구축된 질병관리청의 결핵신고자료와 국민건강보험공단의 국민건강정보DB 자료, 통계청 사망원인 자료의 연계로 구축되었으며, 각 자료원이 보유한 정보를 활용하여 통합적인 결핵 환자 연구가 가능할 것으로 기대하고 있습니다. 결핵의 정책 효과 연구뿐만 아니라, 치료 성공, 실패, 중단 등 치료결과에 대한 영향 요인 및 환자들의 건강 관련 행태에 대한 역학 연구 등 향후 다양한 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대됩니다.

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Original Article

Women’s Empowerment Facilitates Complete Immunization in Indonesian Children: A Cross-sectional Study: Gede Benny Setia Wirawan, Ni Luh Zallila Gustina, Putu Harrista Indra Pramana, Made Yuliantari Dwi Astiti, Jovvita Jonathan, Fitriana Melinda, Teo Wijaya; J Prev Med Public Health. 2022;55(2):193-204. Published online March 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.592

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women’s empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association.
Methods
We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women’s empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women’s empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group.
Results
The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women’s empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women’s empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women’s empowerment must be considered in Indonesia’s child immunization program. Women’s empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women’s empowerment on health outcomes.

Summary

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