Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Association Between Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index and Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Older Adults: Kyu-Taek Lim, Ji-won Choe, Seung-sik Hwang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):103-112. Published online January 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.569

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study examined the association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), as assessed by the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among Korean older adults.
Methods
Data from 5413 participants in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed. GOHAI scores were categorized as either “poor” (<40) or “not poor” (≥40). Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the relationship between GOHAI scores and CVD prevalence, with analyses stratified by sex.
Results
Poor GOHAI score was significantly associated with elevated odds of CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.19; p<0.001). This association was stronger in female (OR, 1.36) compared to male (OR, 1.12). Poor oral health is indicative of systemic inflammation and age-related vulnerabilities, underscoring the utility of the GOHAI as an instrument for early identification of CVD risk.
Conclusions
Poor oral health, as measured by the GOHAI, is associated with an increased risk of CVD among older adults, especially female. These findings support the use of the GOHAI as a cost-effective screening tool for the early assessment of CVD risk. Further research is warranted to explore inflammatory biomarkers and sex-specific mechanisms that could inform targeted interventions.; Summary

Korean summary
노년층에서 구강건강 관련 삶의 질(OHRQoL)이 낮을수록 심혈관계 질환(CVD) 위험이 높아지며, 특히 여성에서 더 두드러졌습니다. 본 연구는 노년 구강 건강 평가 지수(GOHAI)를 사용했습니다.

Key Message
Poor GOHAI scores are associated with higher CVD risk, with stronger effects in females. This highlights the potential of GOHAI as an effective tool for early detection and prevention of CVD.

The Relationship Between Park Access and Quality and Various Health Metrics in a Metropolitan Area in South Carolina Using the CDC PLACES Dataset: Jenna Pellizzari, Farnaz Hesam Shariati, Andrew T. Kaczynski; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):208-217. Published online December 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.325

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Limited access to high-quality green spaces could contribute to growing rates of chronic diseases and unhealthy behaviors. Public parks provide numerous benefits for population well-being. However, past research has shown mixed results regarding the association between proximal parks and residents’ physical and mental health. This study examined the relationship between diverse elements of park access and quality and multiple health outcomes.
Methods
Seventy-three unique parks within 70 census tracts in 4 cities in South Carolina were analyzed. Data about 7 aspects of park quality (transportation access, facility availability, facility quality, amenity availability, park aesthetics, park quality concerns, neighborhood quality concerns) were collected via on-site observations using the Community Park Audit Tool. Health data for each tract (obesity, no leisure time physical activity, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, depression, poor mental health) were collected from the CDC PLACES dataset. Linear regression analyses examined the association between 10 park access and quality metrics and 8 health metrics, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics.
Results
All associations were in the unexpected direction except 1 relationship involving mental health. Specifically, positive associations were found between the number of parks and obesity, the number of parks and no leisure time physical activity, transportation access and obesity, and transportation access and high blood pressure. As concerns about neighborhood quality increased, poor mental health status worsened.
Conclusions
This study provides valuable information for public health professionals and researchers. Further research is needed to expand on and elucidate these findings.; Summary

Key Message
Parks can be key components of healthy communities, but more research is needed about how park availability and characteristics affect health. This study examined the relationship between diverse elements of park access and quality and multiple physical and mental health outcomes. The results were largely mixed, with some positive and some negative relationships; these findings can be expanded upon with further study.

Prevalence, Sources, and Correlates of Second-hand Smoke Exposure Among Non-smoking Pregnant Women in India: Farheen Ahmed, Nilesh Gawde, Sulabha Parasuraman; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):136-145. Published online December 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.278

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, particularly among pregnant women. This study aimed to address the research gap concerning the prevalence and correlates of SHS exposure at home and in public settings among non-smoking pregnant women in India.
Methods
The dataset from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016-17), India, was utilised to evaluate the prevalence of SHS exposure in pregnant women both at home and in public spaces. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants of SHS exposure among this population.
Results
The prevalence of SHS exposure at home was 36.9%, while exposure outside the home was 26.5%. Among non-smoking pregnant women, 10.0% were exposed to SHS on public transport. The risk of SHS exposure at home was significantly higher in the North (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.45 to 11.60), Central (aOR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.98 to 10.02), and Northeast (aOR, 4.18; 95% CI, 1.78 to 9.81) regions compared to the South. Pregnant women aged 25-34 (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.93) and those aged 35 and above (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.86), as well as those with secondary (aOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.85) or higher education (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.58), had lower odds of SHS exposure at home. For SHS exposure outside the home, the North region (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.36), employment status (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.47), and belonging to scheduled tribes (aOR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.25 to 8.21) were associated with higher odds.
Conclusions
The prevalence of SHS exposure among pregnant non-smoking women was notably high both at home and in external environments.; Summary

Key Message
Our secondary analysis of GATS-2 India data (2016-17) showed that the prevalence of Second-hand Tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home was high (36.9%) among non-smoking pregnant women in India. Among pregnant women, younger age, lower education levels, and residing in the country's North, Central, and Northeast regions were significantly associated with higher odds of SHS exposure at home. Overall, about a quarter (26.5%) of pregnant women reported SHS exposure outside their home. Tribal women, employed ones, and those residing in the North region were at higher risk of SHS exposure outside their homes during their pregnancies.

Health Effects of Heavy Metal Exposure Among E-waste Workers and Community-dwelling Adults in Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study: Chonyitree Sangwijit, Parichat Ong-artborirak, Warangkana Naksen, Kraiwuth Kallawicha, Pallop Siewchaisakul; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(2):156-166. Published online November 21, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.415

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Global concern is increasing about the health effects of electronic waste (e-waste). This study examines the health impacts of heavy metal (HM) exposure among e-waste workers (EWWs) and community-dwelling adults (CDAs) in Northeastern Thailand and identifies factors associated with adverse health outcomes.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted of 164 EWWs and 164 CDAs. A survey was employed to collect data on participant characteristics, symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Urine samples were analyzed for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels using atomic absorption spectrometry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors impacting health.
Results
Across all participants, urinary Pb and Cd levels ranged from 5.30 µg/g to 29.50 µg/g creatinine and from 0.60 µg/g to 4.00 µg/g creatinine, respectively. The most frequently reported health issues pertained to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at 38.70%, central nervous system (CNS) issues at 36.60%, and skin disorders at 31.10%. Multivariable analysis indicated that the presence of MSDs was significantly associated with exposure to Pb and Cd. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) was significantly linked to CNS problems, while body mass index was significantly related to skin disorders. Factors including primary education level or below, smoking, cleaning the house more than 3 times weekly, and PSQ were significantly linked to depression. Anxiety was significantly associated with PSQ.
Conclusions
Environmental exposure to Pb and Cd can have adverse health impacts in the form of MSDs. Depression and anxiety are common conditions among CDAs. Public health officials should monitor HM exposure and mental health within the community.; Summary

Key Message
- Pb and Cd level was not significant difference between e-waste workers and community-dwelling adults. - Pb and Cd can adversely affect symptoms in the MSD and PSQ affects the CNS in e-waste workers. - E-waste workers had a higher chance of having musculoskeletal disorder, central nervous system disorder, and skin disorder problems than community-dwelling adults but a lower chance of having depression and anxiety than community-dwelling adults.

The Development of an Assessment Instrument for Behavior Toward Hypoglycemia Risk Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia: Putu Rika Veryanti, Rani Sauriasari, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Berna Elya, Muhammad Ikhsan Mokoagow; J Prev Med Public Health. 2025;58(1):31-43. Published online November 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.313

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patients’ behavior toward the risk of hypoglycemia through self-assessment. Insufficient education and supervision of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients by healthcare providers is a significant concern, affecting their behavior during the treatment process. Additionally, inappropriate behavior typically increases the risk of hypoglycemia. To mitigate this risk, several studies have recommended evaluating patients’ behavior, necessitating the development of a new instrument.
Methods
The study procedures were conducted in 3 stages: instrument development (face and content validity, stage I), construct validity and reliability test (stage II), and criterion validity (stage III). Stage I involved 5 healthcare practitioners, including internal medicine doctors, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists in hospitals and community health centers. Stage II included 20 respondents using a 1-shot test method. Stage III involved 237 type 2 DM outpatients at Central General Hospital (RSUP) in Jakarta, employing a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling.
Results
The results indicated that the developed instrument was valid and reliable, comprising 9 domains (29 questions). These domains included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Furthermore, poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times.
Conclusions
Based on these results, the developed instrument could be effectively used to evaluate behavior toward hypoglycemia among type 2 DM outpatients, confirming its validity and reliability.; Summary

Key Message
The development of an assessment instrument for behavior toward hypoglycemia risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Jakarta, Indonesia have been carried out. The instrument contains 9 domains, included behavior toward blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, medication, assistance from healthcare providers, hypoglycemia management, self-care, family support, and insulin use. Poor behavior was found to increase the risk of hypoglycemia by 2.36 times. The instrument developed is valid and reliable.

The Associations Between Physical Activity and Mental Health Problems in Middle-aged Indonesians: Sri Handayani, Siti Isfandari, Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Rozana Ika Agustiya, Irfan Ardani, Arief Priyo Nugroho, Yunita Fitrianti; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):379-387. Published online July 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.003

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Mental health issues have become a growing concern worldwide. Research has shown that regular physical activity (PA) can positively affect mental health. This study investigated the associations between PA and mental health problems (MHPs) in middle-aged Indonesians.
Methods
The study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey and used a cross-sectional approach. The participants included individuals aged 40-60 years who completed the 20-question Self-Reporting Questionnaire. A logistic regression was performed to analyze a sample of 263 930 data points.
Results
Nearly 10.4% of the participants suffered from mental health issues. Notably, among those who did not engage in moderate and vigorous PA, a sign of MHPs was found in 12.5% of participants. Those who met World Health Organization standards for PA were less likely to experience MHPs (10.1%). This study found a significant association between PA and mental health. After adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio-demographic variables like age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, and residence, the connection between PA and mental health became even stronger (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.85; p<0.001).
Conclusions
Regular PA has been shown to affect mental health positively. Therefore, it is important to improve health education and efforts to raise awareness among middle-aged Indonesians about the importance of PA in maintaining good mental health.

Summary

Key Message
This study revealed a significant association between physical activity (PA) and mental problems (MHPs) among middle-aged Indonesians. Individuals who engaged in moderate to vigorous PA were less likely to experience MHPs compared to those who did not meet recommended PA levels. This association remained strong after adjusting confounding variables such as smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio- demographic factors. Therefore, promoting regular physical activity could be a beneficial strategy for improving mental health status in this population.

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PREVALÊNCIA DO USO DE ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E/OU ANSIOLÍTICOS EM PRATICANTES DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE UMA ACADEMIA DE TERESINA
Mariana Lima Teixeira, Ivair de Sousa Lima, Luís Felipe Araújo Pereira Lustosa, Paula Lins Gonçalves, Aureliano Machado de Oliveira
Revista Contemporânea.2024; 4(12): e7097. CrossRef

Common Mental Disorders and Associated Factors During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Indonesia: An Analysis of Data From the 2018 Basic Health Research: Arum Ariasih, Besral , Meiwita Budiharsana, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):388-398. Published online June 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.082

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
A substantial proportion of women experience mental health challenges during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are prevalent. Identifying causes and associated risk factors is imperative for early intervention and the prevention of mental health issues.
Methods
This study utilized data from the 2018 Basic Health Research, which was conducted nationwide in Indonesia, using a crosssectional approach. We focused on women aged 13-49 years who were currently or previously married, and had experienced pregnancy, including 8889 pregnant women and 77 012 women who had delivered between January 1, 2013 and August 31, 2018. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was employed to assess CMDs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.
Results
The prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women was 12.6%, while postpartum mothers exhibited a prevalence of 10.1%. Poor health status displayed the strongest impact on CMDs during both pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 12.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.01 to 16.60) and the postpartum period (aOR, 16.72; 95% CI, 14.85 to 18.82). Additional significant factors for both group include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, history of hypertension, and smoking status. Among pregnant women, CMDs was also associated with first-trimester pregnancy, previous pregnancy complications, and small upper arm circumference. For postpartum mothers, significant factors include living in rural areas, history of abortion, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications and contraceptive use.
Conclusions
CMDs can impact in pregnant and postpartum women. Early diagnosis and management must be seamlessly integrated into primary healthcare practices.

Summary

Key Message
A significant proportion of women experience common mental disorders (CMDs) during pregnancy (12.6%) and postpartum (10.1%) in Indonesia. Poor health status is the strongest predictor of CMDs in both periods. Other significant factors include young maternal age, lack of education, unemployment, hypertension history, and smoking. Additional pregnancy-specific factors are first-trimester pregnancy, previous complications, and small upper arm circumference. In contrast, postpartum factors include rural living, abortion history, unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy complications, lack of antenatal care, spontaneous delivery, postpartum complications, and contraceptive use. Integrating early diagnosis and management of CMDs into primary healthcare is essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Pregnant Women's Depression and Mental Health Knowledge
Lutfatul Latifah, Nina Setiawati, Aprilia Kartikasari, Reza Fajar Amalia, Dian Susmarini, C. Jan, I. Anwer, L. Li, S. Ferse, M. Nishi, P. Puangprakhon
E3S Web of Conferences.2025; 609: 04002. CrossRef
Abortion: Ethical and Legal Perspectives in Indonesia
Adji Suwandono, Busyra
Asian Bioethics Review.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Mental Health of Medical Students After Combating the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam: Duc Minh Cap, Anh Quang Nguyen, Tham Thi Nguyen; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(4):347-355. Published online May 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.108

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of mental health (MH) symptoms and associated factors among medical students who were engaged in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 4 provinces/cities of Vietnam.
Methods
A cross-sectional study with 580 participants was conducted at a medical university in Northern Vietnam. MH was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, which was previously standardized in Vietnam. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the association between MH symptoms and relevant factors.
Results
Out of a total of 2703 medical students, 21.5% responded to the questionnaire. Among the 580 respondents, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression included being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Similarly, being female and having a COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with self-reported anxiety. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of MH symptoms, working more than 8 hr/day, and having a COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
COVID-19 has adversely impacted the MH of medical students. Our findings are valuable in their potential to motivate universities, MH professionals, and authorities to offer mental healthcare services to this group. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for training courses designed to equip future healthcare workers with the skills to manage crises effectively.; Summary

Key Message
This study investigated mental health symptoms among medical students after being involved in combating COVID-19 in Vietnam. Out of 580 participants, depression, anxiety, and stress rates were 43.3%, 44.0%, and 24.7%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with self-reported depression and anxiety were being female and having a COVID-19 infection. Factors associated with self-reported stress included being female, having a personal or family history of mental health symptoms, working more than 8 hours per day, and having a COVID-19 infection. The study emphasizes the importance of providing psychological support for medical students and the necessity for training programs to enhance crisis management skills.

Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea: Jongmin Oh, Youn-Hee Lim, Changwoo Han, Dong-Wook Lee, Jisun Myung, Yun-Chul Hong, Soontae Kim, Hyun-Joo Bae; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):185-196. Published online March 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.514

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Objectives
Excess mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been documented. However, research on the disease burden following short-term exposure is scarce. We investigated the cause-specific mortality burden of short-term exposure to PM_2.5 by considering the potential non-linear concentration–response relationship in Korea.
Methods
Daily cause-specific mortality rates and PM_2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2019 were collected for 8 Korean cities and 9 provinces. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM_2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality levels. We assumed no detrimental health effects of PM_2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m³. Overall deaths attributable to short-term PM_2.5 exposure were estimated by summing the daily numbers of excess deaths associated with ambient PM_2.5 exposure.
Results
Of the 2 749 704 recorded deaths, 2 453 686 (89.2%) were non-accidental, 591 267 (21.5%) were cardiovascular, and 141 066 (5.1%) were respiratory in nature. A non-linear relationship was observed between all-cause mortality and exposure to PM_2.5 at lag0, whereas linear associations were evident for cause-specific mortalities. Overall, 10 814 all-cause, 7855 non-accidental, 1642 cardiovascular, and 708 respiratory deaths were attributed to short-term exposure to PM_2.5. The estimated number of all-cause excess deaths due to short-term PM_2.5 exposure in 2019 was 1039 (95% confidence interval, 604 to 1472).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate an association between short-term PM_2.5 exposure and various mortality rates (all-cause, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Korea over the period from 2010 to 2019. Consequently, action plans should be developed to reduce deaths attributable to short-term exposure to PM_2.5.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 2010~2019년 한국의 초미세먼지 단기 노출로 인한 사망 부담을 추정하였으며 2010~2019년간, 초미세먼지 단기노출로 인한 전체원인 사망은 10,814명, 비사고 사망은 7,855명, 심혈관 사망은 1,642명, 호흡기 사망은 708명으로 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대기오염 관리, 규제, 정책 수립에 있어 도움을 줄 것으로 예상한다.

Key Message
- We estimated mortality burden attributable to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 in Korea from 2010 to 2019 - Over the 10-years study period, the estimated excess deaths due to short-term exposure to PM 2.5 totaled 10,814 for all-causes, 7,855 for non-accidental, 1,642 for cardiovascular disease, and 708 for respiratory disease. - Our findings can assist in air pollution management, regulation, and policy-making.

Symptoms, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Patients After COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study in Vietnam: Hai Nguyen Thanh, Duc Cap Minh, Hien Hoang Thu, Duc Nguyen Quang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):128-137. Published online February 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.511

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
This study was conducted to characterize the symptoms, mental health, quality of life (QoL), and associated factors following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 394 participants previously infected with COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Mental health was assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Participants self-reported health-related QoL was measured with the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale.
Results
Among the participants, 76.4% reported experiencing at least one symptom following COVID-19 infection. The most common symptoms were fatigue (42.1%), cognitive dysfunction (42.9%), and hair loss (27.9%). According to the DASS-21 results, the proportions of depression, anxiety, and stress were 28.7%, 26.4%, and 20.6%, respectively. The mean scores on the EQ-5D-5L and the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale were 0.94±0.11 and 84.20±13.11, respectively. Regarding QoL issues, the highest proportion of participants (32.7%) reported experiencing anxiety or depression, followed by pain or discomfort (25.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with the presence of symptoms following COVID-19 infection included female (odds ratio [OR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 4.91) and having QoL issues (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.71 to 6.19).
Conclusions
The study investigated the prevalence rates of various symptoms following COVID-19 infection. These findings underscore the need to prioritize comprehensive care for individuals recovering from COVID-19 and to implement strategies to mitigate the long-term impact of the disease on mental health and QoL.

Summary

Key Message
This cross-sectional study in Vietnam investigated symptoms, mental health, and quality of life among patients recovering from COVID-19. The study found that most participants experienced post-infection symptoms, with fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and hair loss being the most common. Mental health issues were prevalent, and participants reported varying levels of quality of life. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive care and strategies to address the long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life.

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Prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicide tendency among individual with long-COVID and determinants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi, Akbar Biglarian, Jannike Lie Karlstad, Cathrine Fredriksen Moe, Enayatollah Bakhshi, Mohammad-Reza Khodaei-Ardakani, Samira Behboudi-Gandevani, Shibajee Debbarma
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0312351. CrossRef
Quality of sleep after COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study in the Southern Italy
Vincenza Sansone, Silvia Angelillo, Giovanna Paduano, Claudia Pileggi, Carmelo Giuseppe Angelo Nobile, Gabriella Di Giuseppe
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Patterns of Health-related Quality of Life in Men Who Inject Drugs: A Survey in Southeast Iran: Marzieh Nojomi, Maysam Rezapour, Neda Soleimanvandi Azar, Mehdi Darabi, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):148-156. Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.379

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Abstract Summary PDF: Objectives
Understanding patterns of quality of life in people who inject drugs (PWID) can help healthcare providers plan and manage their health problems in a more focused manner. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify patterns of health-related quality of life in PWID in southeast Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in southeast Iran on men who had injected drugs at least once during the last year. We used convenience sampling in 2 drop-in centers and venue-based sampling at 85 venues. Demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life were evaluated using the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns of quality of life.
Results
This study enrolled 398 PWID, who had a mean age of 34.1±11.4 years. About 47.9% reported a prison history in the last 10 years, 59.2% had injected drugs in the last month, and 31.6% had a history of sharing syringes. About 46.3% reported having 2 or more sexual partners in the last 6 months, and 14.7% had a history of sex with men. Out of the 5 EQ-5D-5L profiles, the fifth profile had the most people (36.6%). Most variations in quality of life were related to pain and discomfort.
Conclusions
We showed that the pain and discomfort dimension of EQ-5D-5L had more variation in PWID. This finding will be useful for allocating appropriate interventions and resources to promote health-related quality of life in this population.; Summary

Key Message
People who Inject drugs, as an at-risk population in physical and mental disorders, need support to reduce harm. This study found that the health-related quality of life of these people is affected more by the pain and discomfort dimension. This can be caused by their social exclusion and marginalization. Hence, regular planning is necessary to organize the health status of these people. Due to the hard-to-reach nature of this population, special arrangements such as utilizing peer groups may be effective to provide them with services.

Empowering Rural Housewives in Iran: Utilizing the Transtheoretical Model to Increase Physical Activity: Mahboobe Borhani, Zakieh Sadat Hosseini, Najme Shahabodin, Ali Mehri, Mohadese Kiani, Marzieh Abedi; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(2):167-175. Published online January 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.457

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Rural housewives are integral to household management and family care, yet their sedentary lifestyles present significant health risks. This study used the transtheoretical model (TTM) to investigate strategies that encourage and maintain regular exercise habits among rural housewives.
Methods
A semi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 who attended rural health centers in Gorgan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Data collection involved a validated questionnaire that gathered demographic information and constructs of the TTM. The intervention group participated in a comprehensive educational program, which included four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected again 6 months post-intervention and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 21.
Results
The study encompassed women with an average age of 39.75±6.05 years, the majority of whom had educational levels below a diploma, and over 90% were married. We observed strong correlations between the processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. At the outset, there were no significant differences in demographics or model structures between the 2 groups. However, 6 months post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited statistically significant differences in the mean scores of model structures, stages of change, and body mass index (<>p<0.05).
Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives. The findings suggest that the educational intervention, which utilized the TTM, significantly impacted the participants’ model structures and their stages of change.

Summary

Key Message
The study aimed to investigate strategies for promoting and sustaining regular exercise habits among rural housewives using the transtheoretical model (TTM). A semi-experimental study was conducted with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 in Iran. The intervention group received a comprehensive educational program, and after 6 months, they exhibited significant differences in model structures, stages of change, and body mass index compared to the control group. These findings underscore the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives and suggest that the educational intervention utilizing the TTM substantially impacted the participants' model structures and stages of change.

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The effect of trans-theoretical model stage-matched intervention on medication adherence in hypertensive patients
Kamran Saeidi, Tina Ghavami, Soodeh Shahsavari, Soraya Siabani, Fatemeh Rajati
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Systematic Review

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Suchitra Hudrudchai, Charin Suwanwong, Pitchada Prasittichok, Kanu Priya Mohan, Nopphadol Janeaim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):8-17. Published online December 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.345

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The effectiveness and efficiency of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) relies on how widely it is adopted and adhered to, particularly among high-risk groups of MSM. The meta-analysis aimed to collect and analyze existing evidence on various factors related to PrEP adherence in MSM, including demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, substance use, and psychosocial factors.
Methods
The meta-analysis followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search included articles published between January 2018 and December 2022, obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. The studies that were included in the analysis reported the proportion of MSM who demonstrated adherence to PrEP and underwent quality appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results
Of the 268 studies initially identified, only 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. The findings indicated that education (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.40), number of sexual partners (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.31), engaging in sexual activities with an human immunodeficiency virus-positive partner (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.26), substance use (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99), and lower levels of depression (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.82) were associated with higher rates of PrEP adherence among MSM.
Conclusions
Despite these findings, further research is necessary to investigate PrEP adherence more comprehensively. The findings of this meta-analysis can be utilized to inform interventions aimed at improving PrEP adherence among MSM and provide directions for future research in this area.

Summary

Key Message
This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that factors such as education, number of sexual partners, engagement in sexual activities with an HIV-positive partner, substance use, and lower levels of depression were associated with higher rates of PrEP adherence among MSM. Healthcare providers and interventions should take these aspects into consideration when developing strategies to promote optimal PrEP adherence and reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

Citations

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Socio‐economic status and adherence to HIV preventive and therapeutic interventions: exploring the mediating role of food insecurity among men who have sex with men and transgender and non‐binary persons from Brazil
Paula M. Luz, Thiago S. Torres, Victor C. Matos, Giovanna G. Costa, Brenda Hoagland, Cristina Pimenta, Marcos Benedetti, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdilea G. Veloso
Journal of the International AIDS Society.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Preferences for Starting Daily, On-Demand, and Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States (2021-2022): Nationwide Online Cross-Sectional Study
Duygu Islek, Travis Sanchez, Jennifer L Glick, Jeb Jones, Keith Rawlings, Supriya Sarkar, Patrick S Sullivan, Vani Vannappagari
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024; 10: e62801. CrossRef

Original Article

Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: Nhan Phuc Thanh Nguyen, Ha Phan Ai Nguyen, Cao Khoa Dang, Minh Tri Phan, Huynh Ho Ngoc Quynh, Van Tuan Le, Chinh Van Dang, Tinh Huu Ho, Van Trong Phan, Thang Van Dinh, Thang Phan, Thi Anh Thu Dang; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):37-46. Published online December 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.327

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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
The objective of this study was to characterize mental health issues among Vietnamese healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify related factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 990 HCWs in 2021. Their mental health status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale.
Results
In total, 49.9%, 52.3%, and 29.8% of respondents were found to have depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The multivariable linear regression model revealed that factors associated with increased anxiety scores included depression scores (β, 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.51) and stress scores (β, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52). Factors associated with increased depression scores included being frontline HCWs (β, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.10), stress scores (β, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.56), and anxiety scores (β, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.47), while working experience was associated with reduced depression scores (β, -0.08; 95% CI, -0.16 to -0.01). Factors associated with increased stress scores included working experience (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.16), personal protective equipment interference with daily activities (β, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.00), depression scores (β, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.59), and anxiety scores (β, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.50), while age was associated with reduced stress scores (β, -0.12; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.05).
Conclusions
Specific interventions are necessary to enhance and promote the mental health of HCWs so they can successfully cope with the circumstances of the pandemic.

Summary

Key Message
A cross-sectional study of 990 Vietnamese healthcare workers in Vietnam, 2021 revealed significant mental health issues: 49.9 % suffered from depression, 52.3 % from anxiety, and 29.8 % from stress. The study found a correlation between these conditions, with frontline workers being particularly vulnerable to depression. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted mental health interventions for healthcare workers, particularly those new to the field and working on the front lines, in order to better manage pandemic-related stressors.

Citations

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Pandemic preparedness in Vietnam: a review of health system resilience and areas for improvement
Bach Xuan Tran, Taufique Joarder, Vincent Junxiong Pang, Clara Marin Carballo, Hoa Thi Do, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Linh Gia Vu, Ngo Van Toan, Shenglan Tang
Journal of Global Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Emotional Competence of Healthcare Workers and Its Impact on Patient Loyalty in Vietnamese Hospitals
Phuoc Thien Mai, Nah Pi Sa, Triet Dinh Luu, Nam Khoa Ly, Phi Duong Nguyen
Health Psychology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Systematic Review

Adjusting for Confounders in Outcome Studies Using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database: A Review of Methods and Applications: Seung Jin Han, Kyoung Hoon Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(1):1-7. Published online November 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.250

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467 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF

Objectives
Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders.
Methods
We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included.
Results
Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively.
Conclusions
This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.

Summary

Korean summary
건강보험청구자료를 사용한 성과연구에서는 교란요인 통제가 중요하다. 최근 발표된 연구들은 연구설계와 통계 분석 과정에 적절하게 교란요인을 통제하였다. 연구의 질을 높이기 위해서는 건강보험청구자료에서 수집 가능한 교란 요인에 대한 이해와 방법론적 가이드라인이 요구된다.

Key Message
All recently published studies using Health Insurance Claims Database adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies. The review suggests the need for careful application of confounding variables and the methodological guidance to improve the quality of outcome studies.

Citations

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Factors Associated With Receiving Early Post-Discharge Follow-up Care in Patients With Schizophrenia
Song Ee Che, Kyoung-Hoon Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Diabetogenic Effect of Statin Use May Interact With Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From the UK Biobank
Jong Hyun Park, Kyu-Taek Lim, Jooyeon Lee, Yongjin Gil, Joohon Sung
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(1): 92. CrossRef
Worsening of health disparities across COVID-19 pandemic stages in Korea
Hyejin Lee, Hyunwoo Nam, Jae-ryun Lee, Hyemin Jung, Jin Yong Lee
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024038. CrossRef
Trends in Regional Disparities in Cardiovascular Surgery and Mortality in Korea: A National Cross-sectional Study
Dal-Lae Jin, Kyoung-Hoon Kim, Euy Suk Chung, Seok-Jun Yoon
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2024; 57(3): 260. CrossRef
Low household income increases risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young population: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in South Korea
Chiwook Chung, Kyu Na Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Sei Won Lee, Kyungdo Han
BMJ Open Respiratory Research.2024; 11(1): e002444. CrossRef
An epidemic of cataract surgery in Korea: the effects of private health insurance on the National Health Insurance Service
Hyejin Lee, Soo-Hee Hwang, Choon-Seon Park, Seol-Hee Chung, Catherine L. Chen, Jin Yong Lee, Jin Soo Lee
Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024015. CrossRef

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