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Original Articles
- Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Survival of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Adult Patients in Andhra Pradesh, India: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2007-2013
- Ram Bajpai, Himanshu Chaturvedi, Lakshmanan Jayaseelan, Pauline Harvey, Nicole Seguy, Laxmikant Chavan, Pinnamaneni Raj, Arvind Pandey
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(6):394-405. Published online October 28, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.073
- 9,001 View
- 167 Download
- 9 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF - Objectives
The survival outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs have not been systematically evaluated at the state level in India. This retrospective study assessed the survival rates and factors associated with survival among adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Methods
The present study used data from 139 679 HIV patients aged ≥15 years on ART who were registered from 2007 to 2011 and were followed up through December 2013. The primary end point was death of the patient. Mortality densities (per 1000 person-years) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression models were used to estimate survival and explore the factors associated with survival.
Results
The overall median follow-up time was 16.0 months (2.0 months for the deceased and 14.0 months for those lost to follow-up). Approximately 13.2% of those newly initiated on ART died during follow-up. Of those deaths, 56% occurred in the first three months. The crude mortality rate was 80.9 per 1000 person-years at risk. The CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR],4.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.36 to 5.46 for <100 cells/mm3 vs. >350 cells/mm3), functional status (aHR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.82 to 3.30 for bedridden vs. normal), and body weight (aHR, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.42 to 3.97 for <45 kg vs. >60 kg) were strongly associated with the survival of HIV patients.
Conclusions
The study findings revealed that high mortality was observed within the first three months of ART initiation. Patients with poor baseline clinical characteristics had a higher risk of mortality. Expanded testing and counseling should be encouraged, with the goal of ensuring early enrollment into the program followed by the initiation of ART in HIV-infected patients. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Highly active antiretroviral therapy is necessary but not sufficient. A systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality incidence rates and predictors among HIV-infected adults receiving treatment in Ethiopia, a surrogate study for resource-poor settings
Beshada Zerfu Woldegeorgis, Yordanos Sisay Asgedom, Aklilu Habte, Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Abebe Sorsa Badacho
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Association Between Body Mass Index Variation and Early Mortality Among 834 Ethiopian Adults Living with HIV on ART: A Joint Modelling Approach
Animut Alebel, David Sibbritt, Pammla Petrucka, Daniel Demant
Infectious Diseases and Therapy.2023; 12(1): 227. CrossRef - Prognoses of the HIV Infection Under Long-Time Arv Therapy: The Role of Timely Treatment Initiation and the Drugs' Effectiveness
Ramón E. R. González, Pedro Hugo de Figueirêdo, Sergio Galvao Coutinho
SSRN Electronic Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Rate and Predictors of Mortality Among Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia
Haddis Birhanu, Atsede Alle, Molla Yigzaw Birhanu
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care.2021; Volume 13: 251. CrossRef - Predictors of Mortality Among Adult HIV-Infected Patients Taking Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Harari Hospitals, Ethiopia
Abdi Birhanu, Tariku Dingeta, Moti Tolera
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care.2021; Volume 13: 727. CrossRef - Cost-effectiveness of a novel strategy of HIV/AIDS care in Armed Forces: A stochastic model with Monte Carlo simulation
S. Shankar, Santosh Karade, Rajul K. Gupta, M.V. Singh
Medical Journal Armed Forces India.2020; 76(3): 284. CrossRef - How varying CD4 criteria for treatment initiation was associated with mortality of HIV-patients? A retrospective analysis of electronic health records from Andhra Pradesh, India
Ram Bajpai, Himanshu K Chaturvedi, Josip Car
Journal of Global Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Survival after Long-Term ART Exposure: Findings from an Asian Patient Population Retained in Care beyond 5 Years on ART
Rimke Bijker, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Sanjay Pujari, Ly P Sun, Oon T Ng, Man P Lee, Jun Y Choi, Kinh V Nguyen, Yu J Chan, Tuti P Merati, Do D Cuong, Jeremy Ross, Awachana Jiamsakul
Antiviral Therapy.2020; 25(3): 131. CrossRef - Survival rate and mortality risk factors among TB–HIV co-infected patients at an HIV-specialist hospital in Myanmar: A 12-year retrospective follow-up study
Zaw Zaw Aung, Yu Mon Saw, Thu Nandar Saw, Nwe Oo, Hnin Nwe Ni Aye, Sithu Aung, Htun Nyunt Oo, Su Myat Cho, Moe Khaing, Tetsuyoshi Kariya, Eiko Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Hamajima
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2019; 80: 10. CrossRef
TOP- DNA Damage of Lymphocytes in Volunteers after 4 hours Use of Mobile Phone.
- Seonmi Ji, Eunha Oh, Donggeun Sul, Jae Wook Choi, Heechan Park, Eunil Lee
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2004;37(4):373-380. Published online November 30, 2004
- 2,802 View
- 148 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- OBJECTIVES
There has been gradually increasing concern about the adverse health effects of electromagnetic radiation originating from cell phones which are widely used in modern life. Cell phone radiation may affect human health by increasing free radicals of human blood cells. This study has been designed to identify DNA damage of blood cells by electromagnetic radiation caused by cell phone use. METHODS: This study investigated the health effect of acute exposure to commercially available cell phones on certain parameters such as an indicator of DNA damage for 14 healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer during the experiment talked over the cell phone with the keypad facing the right side of the face for 4 hours. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay), which is very sensitive in detecting the presence of DNA strand-breaks and alkali-labile damage in individual cells, was used to assess peripheral blood cells (T-cells, B-cells, granulocytes) from volunteers before and after exposure to cell phone radiation. The parameters of Comet assay measured were Olive Tail Moment and Tail DNA %. RESULTS: The Olive Tail Moment of B-cells and granulocytes and Tail DNA % of B-cells and granulocytes were increased by a statistically significant extent after 4- hour use of a cell phone compared with controls. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that cell phone radiation caused the DNA damage during the 4 hours of experimental condition. Nonetheless, this study suggested that cell phone use may increase DNA damage by electromagnetic radiation and other contributing factors. -
SummaryEnglish Abstract
- Increased DNA Damage of Lymphocytes in Korean Male Smokers.
- Joohyun Lee, Eunil Lee, Eunha Oh, Juneyoung Lee, Donggeun Sul, Jooja Kim
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2007;40(1):16-22.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.1.16
- 4,932 View
- 36 Download
- 2 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of DNA damage in human lymphocytes caused by smoking and other lifestyle factors. METHODS: The study population consisted of 173 normal healthy male adults from 21 to 59 years old. The demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from administered questionnaires. The level of lymphocytic DNA damage in the peripheral blood was evaluated by the Comet assay. Statistical analyses were done by general linear model analysis and Dunnett's multiple comparison. RESULTS: The difference in DNA damage between smokers and non-smokers was statistically significant. The means for the Tail%DNA were found to be 10.48 in the current smokers and 9.60 in the non-smokers (p<0.05). The tail moment means were 1.58 and 1.45 (p<0.05) for the current smokers and non-smokers, respectively. The number of cigarettes smoked per day did not result in a significant difference in the level of DNA damage among the smokers. Other lifestyle factors such as age, and drinking and exercise habits were not related to DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS: The DNA damage in the lymphocytes of smokers was found to be significantly higher than that for non-smokers. However, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was not related to DNA damage. Further study is needed to evaluate the relationship between the amount of smoking and level of damage to DNA. In addition, the status of DNA repair activities should be assessed. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood leucocytes of Polish blood donors
Małgorzata M Dobrzyńska, Krzysztof A Pachocki, Katarzyna Owczarska
Mutagenesis.2018; 33(1): 69. CrossRef - The effect of carrot juice, β-carotene supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and plasma lipid profiles in Korean smoker
Hye-Jin Lee, Yoo Kyoung Park, Myung-Hee Kang
Nutrition Research and Practice.2011; 5(6): 540. CrossRef
Original Article- Repair of Chromate induced DNA-Protein Crosslinks in Rat Lymphocyte.
- Hun Jae Lee, Kwan Hee Lee, Yun Chul Hong
- Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(3):597-608.
- 1,943 View
- 18 Download
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Abstract
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- Genotoxic agents can induce various DNA lesions. DNA-Protein Crosslinks(DPCs) were known as the important DNA lesions which could impair gene expression because DPCs had a high probability of resisting repair and persisting through cell cycle. This repair resistance of DPCs could have biological significance but had not been evaluated clearly yet. Most of the studies that have evaluated the repair of DPCs only compared the extent of DPCs repair with other DNA lesions. We injected K2CrO4, a genotoxic agent, into Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally(5mg/kg) and isolated blood lymphocytes 12 hours later. These lymphocytes were cultured in the mitogen added growth media and mitogen free media separately. The degree of the repair of DPCs was monitored for 4 days by the K-SDS assay. 4 day later, the amount of DPCs decreased by 4.6% in the mitogen added media but in creased by 10.9% in the mitogen free media. These results showed that DPCs induced by K2CrO4 were not repaired easily and the DPCs were biologically significant DNA lesions. We thought the decrease of DPCs in the mitogen added media was not due to the repair of DPCs, but from the increase of normal cell proliferation. Therefore, it is very important to consider the proliferation of normal cells when estimating the repair of DPCs.
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