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- Factors Associated With Coverage in Community-directed Treatment With Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis Control in Savanah and Forest Areas in Central African Republic: A Cross-sectional Study
- Sylvain Honoré Woromogo, Stéphanie Inesse Garoua-Adjou, Ange Donatien Ngouyombo, Rodrigue Herman Doyama-Woza, Henri Saint Calvaire Diemer, Jean de Dieu Longo
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2024;57(5):490-498. Published online August 14, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.280
- 1,809 View
- 210 Download
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Abstract
Summary
PDF - Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with coverage in community-directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in savannah and forest areas in the Central African Republic.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 districts where onchocerciasis is endemic. We employed a pretested and validated questionnaire that included questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and variables relevant to coverage assessment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associations between surveyed mass drug administration (MDA) coverage and the variables considered, while accounting for potential confounding factors. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
At the district level, the MDA program achieved a reach of 87.29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.03 to 88.55) in Bossangoa and 61.74% (95% CI, 59.56 to 63.92) in Kémo, compared to the reported rates of 90.02% and 91.70%, respectively. Women in both Bossangoa and Kémo were 1.28 times more likely to have taken ivermectin than men (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.47; p=0.008; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.00; p=0.041, respectively). The age groups of 5-14, 15-24, and 25-34 were statistically associated with better distribution coverage in both districts. Individuals with knowledge of onchocerciasis were more likely to receive ivermectin compared to those without knowledge, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.11 to 2.01; p=0.030) and 3.19 (95% CI, 2.91 to 4.08; p=0.001), respectively.
Conclusions
The authors recommend implementing measures to improve MDA coverage in future campaigns. These measures should include allocating sufficient time for MDA activities, providing health education, and mobilising the entire population. -
SummaryKey Message
The most effective strategy for eliminating onchocerciasis or river blindness is community-wide distribution of ivermectin. We assessed the coverage of mass distribution of ivermectin in 2 health districts endemic for onchocerciasis in the Central African Republic. The evaluation showed that the coverage observed in the community was lower than that reported by the health teams and below the WHO-recommended standard of 80% and people gave the following reasons for not taking ivermectin. The reasons in general fall into three main categories as program-implementation related issues, personal reasons, and ineligibility criteria.- Spatial Inequalities in the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer and Associated Factors in the Neighborhoods of Tehran, Iran: Bayesian Spatial Models
- Kamyar Mansori, Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran, Alireza Mosavi-Jarrahi, Ali Ganbary Motlagh, Masoud Salehi, Alireza Delavari, Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(1):33-40. Published online January 2, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.17.167
- 7,992 View
- 245 Download
- 8 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the spatial distribution of the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the neighborhoods of Tehran, Iran using Bayesian spatial models.
Methods
This ecological study was implemented in Tehran on the neighborhood level. Socioeconomic variables, risk factors, and health costs were extracted from the Equity Assessment Study conducted in Tehran. The data on CRC incidence were extracted from the Iranian population-based cancer registry. The Besag-York-Mollié (BYM) model was used to identify factors associated with the spatial distribution of CRC incidence. The software programs OpenBUGS version 3.2.3, ArcGIS 10.3, and GeoDa were used for the analysis.
Results
The Moran index was statistically significant for all the variables studied (p<0.05). The BYM model showed that having a women head of household (median standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 2.53), living in a rental house (median SIR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96), not consuming milk daily (median SIR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.94) and having greater household health expenditures (median SIR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.68) were associated with a statistically significant elevation in the SIR of CRC. The median (interquartile range) and mean (standard deviation) values of the SIR of CRC, with the inclusion of all the variables studied in the model, were 0.57 (1.01) and 1.05 (1.31), respectively.
Conclusions
Inequality was found in the spatial distribution of CRC incidence in Tehran on the neighborhood level. Paying attention to this inequality and the factors associated with it may be useful for resource allocation and developing preventive strategies in atrisk areas. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Spatial analysis of risk factors related to colorectal cancer in Iran: An ecological study
Zahra Montaseri, Hossein Kargar, Mehdi Sharafi, Sima Afrashteh
Health Science Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Colorectal cancer spatial pattern in the northeast region of São Paulo, Brazil
Adeylson Guimarães Ribeiro, Allini Mafra da Costa, Talita Fernanda Pereira, Denise Peixoto Guimarães, José Humberto Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani
Global Epidemiology.2023; 5: 100097. CrossRef - Impacts of some clinicopathodemography and colorectal tissues key cell cycle and mucin stabilizing molecules on the metastasis trend in colorectal cancer patients
Ali Ghorbani Ranjbary, Jalil Mehrzad, Nasrollah Rahbar, Hesam Dehghani
Molecular Biology Reports.2023; 50(10): 8589. CrossRef - Mapping the prevalence of cancer risk factors at the small area level in Australia
James Hogg, Jessica Cameron, Susanna Cramb, Peter Baade, Kerrie Mengersen
International Journal of Health Geographics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Area-Level Determinants in Colorectal Cancer Spatial Clustering Studies: A Systematic Review
Sharifah Saffinas Syed Soffian, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi, Rozita Hod, Huan-Keat Chan, Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10486. CrossRef - Favorable colorectal cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in countries with high expenditures on health and development index
Chi-Chih Wang, Wen-Wei Sung, Pei-Yi Yan, Po-Yun Ko, Ming-Chang Tsai
Medicine.2021; 100(41): e27414. CrossRef - Spatial autocorrelation of breast cancer mortality in the Metropolitan Region, Chile: an ecological study
Doris Durán, María José Monsalves
Medwave.2020; 20(01): e7766. CrossRef - Premature mortality of gastrointestinal cancer in Iran: trends and projections 2001–2030
Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Farshad Farzadfar, Moein Yoosefi, Kamyar Mansori, Reza Khosravi Shadman, Aliakbar Haghdoost
BMC Cancer.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
- Assessment of Applicability of Standardized Rates for Health State Comparison Among Areas: 2008 Community Health Survey.
- Geun Yong Kwon, Do Sang Lim, Eun Ja Park, Ji Sun Jung, Ki Won Kang, Yun A Kim, Ho Kim, Sung Il Cho
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2010;43(2):174-184.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.2.174
- 6,043 View
- 49 Download
- 6 Crossref
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
This study shows the issues that should be considered when applying standardized rates using Community Health Survey(CHS) data. METHODS: We analyzed 2008 CHS data. In order to obtain the reliability of standardized rates, we calculated z-score and rank correlation coefficients between direct standardized rate and indirect standardized rate for 31 major indices. Especially, we assessed the change of correlations according to population composition (age and sex), and characteristics of the index. We used Mantel-Haenszel chi-square to quantify the difference of population composition. RESULTS: Among 31 major indices, 29 indices' z-score and rank correlation coefficients were over 0.9. However, regions with larger differences in population composition showed lower reliability. Low reliability was also observed for the indices specific to subgroups with small denominator such as 'permanent lesion from stroke', and the index with large regional variations in age-related differences such as 'obtaining health examinations'. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized rates may have low reliability, if comparison is made between areas with extremely large differences in population composition, or for indicies with large regional variations in age-related differences. Therefore, the special features of standardized rates should be considered when health state are compared among areas. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Ambient air quality and subjective stress level using Community Health Survey data in Korea
Myung-Jae Hwang, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Jong-Hun Kim, Youn Seo Koo, Hui-Young Yun
Epidemiology and Health.2018; 40: e2018028. CrossRef - Illustration of Calculating Standardized Rates Utilizing Logistic Regression Models: The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS)
Sang-Hoon Cho, Gunseog Kang, Hyeon Chang Kim
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(1): 70. CrossRef - Korea Community Health Survey Data Profiles
Yang Wha Kang, Yun Sil Ko, Yoo Jin Kim, Kyoung Mi Sung, Hyo Jin Kim, Hyung Yun Choi, Changhyun Sung, Eunkyeong Jeong
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(3): 211. CrossRef - Health behavior affecting on the regional variation of standardized mortality
Jin A Han, Soo Jeong Kim, Se Rom Kim, Ki Hong Chun, Yun Hwan Lee, Soon Young Lee
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2015; 32(3): 23. CrossRef - Convergence-based analysis on geographical variations of the smoking rates
Ji-Hye Lim, Sung-Hong Kang
Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(8): 375. CrossRef - Overview of Korean Community Health Survey
Young Taek Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Kay O Lee, Ho Kim, Jin Ho Chun, Su Young Kim, Duk-Hyoung Lee, Yun A Ghim, Do Sang Lim, Yang Wha Kang, Tae Young Lee, Jeong Sook Kim, Hyun Jo, Yoojin Kim, Yun Sil Ko, Soon Ryu Seo, No-Rye Park, Jong-Koo Lee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(1): 74. CrossRef
- Prediction of HIV and AIDS Incidence Using a Back-calculation Model in Korea.
- Ju Young Lee, Jin Soo Hwang, Un Yeong Goh, Mee Kyung Kee, Jee Yun Kim
- Korean J Prev Med. 2002;35(1):65-71.
- 21,600 View
- 40 Download
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVE
To estimate the status of HIV infection and AIDS incidence using a back-calculation model in Korea. METHODS: Back-calculation is a method for estimating the past infection rate using AIDS incidence data. The method has been useful for obtaining short-term projections of AIDS incidence and estimating previous HIV prevalence. If the density of the incubation periods is known, together with the AIDS incidence, we can estimate historical HIV infections and forecast AIDS incidence in any time period up to time t. In this paper, we estimated the number of HIV infections and AIDS incidence according to the distribution of various incubation periods RESULTS: The cumulative numbers of HIV infection from 1991 to 1996 were 708~1,426 in Weibull distribution and 918~1,980 in Gamma distribution. The projected AIDS incidence in 1997 was 16~25 in Weibull distribution and 13~26 in Gamma distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated cumulative HIV infections from 1991 to 1996 were 1.4~4.0 times more than notified cumulative HIV infections. Additionally, the projected AIDS incidence in 1997 was less than the notified AIDS cases. The reason for this underestimation derives from the very low level of HIV prevalence in Korea. Further research is required for the distribution of the incubation period of HIV infection in Korea, particularly for the effects of combination treatments. -
SummaryTOP
- Distribution af active physicians and their working areas after 10 years of graduation.
- Seung Hum Yu, Tae Yong Sohn, Hyohn Joo Oh
- Korean J Prev Med. 1996;29(3):429-438.
- 2,172 View
- 18 Download
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Abstract
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- The geographical distribution of active physicians who graduated from medical schools before 1985 were studied. Those who had emigrated, hold non-medical jobs, are in the military service, or work as public health physicians and resident staff were excluded from the study. A total of 27,728 physicians were analyzed. Our studies have shown a relationship between the location of the medical schools from the which the physicians have graduated and the geographical regions in which they practice. A statistically significant number of physicians are working near the medical colleges from which they have graduated. That is, those who had graduated from medical schools located in the southern area of the country are presently working in the same region. This relationship was shown to be especially significant for older physicians and female doctors, who work around the area of the medical colleges from which they graduated.
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Summary
- Geographical distribution of physician manpower by specialty and care level.
- Seung Hum Yu, Sang Hyuk Jung, Byung Yool Cheon, Tae Yong Shn, Hyohn Joo Oh
- Korean J Prev Med. 1993;26(4):661-671.
- 2,300 View
- 21 Download
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Abstract
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- In order to compare the geographical distribution of physician by level of medical care and specialty, a log linear model was applied to the annual registration data of the Korean Medical Association as of the end of December, 1991 which was supplemented from related institutions and adjusted with relevant sources. Those physicians in primary and secondary care institutions were not statistically significantly unevenly distributed by province-level catchment area. There were some differences in physician distribution among big cities, medium and small-sized cities, and counties; however, those physicians for primary care level were equitably distributed between cities and counties. Specialties for secondary care physicians were less evenly distributed in county areas than in city areas, and generalists are distributed more evenly in cities and counties than in big cities. There is a certain limitation due to underregistration in the annual physician registration to the Korean Medical Association; however, the geographical distribution of physicians has been improved quantitatively. It is strongly suggested that specialties and the level of medical care should be considered for further physician manpower studies.
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Summary
- Body fat distribution and hypertension.
- Choong Won Lee, Nung Ki Yoon
- Korean J Prev Med. 1991;24(1):57-69.
- 1,829 View
- 22 Download
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Abstract
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- This study examined the cross-sectional association of body fat distribution with hypertension as well as the superiority of medical calf skinfold measured as peripheral fat distribution over the conventional triceps skinfold using 450 Korean Navy divers selected by authors' convenience in 1990. Their mean age was 27.9 and range of it was 19-51. The centrally located body fat was approximated by subscapular from these skinfold measures to reflect central versus peripheral fat distribution pattern: 2 ratios and 2 differences. After controlling age and overall obesity (body mass index), prevalence odds ratios of the 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 quartiles of subscapular skinfold comparing with lowest 1/4 quartile were 2.05 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.18-3.59), 2.02 (95% CI 1.06-3.86), 4.00 (95% CI 1.99-8.06) respectively. The difference of subscapular and medical calf skinfolds was associated with hypertension (odds ration 2.45, 95% CI 1.28-4.68 comparing highest with lowest quartiles). Triceps and medical calf skinfolds alone did not show any odds ratio not including unity. The adjusted odds ratios were generally reduced in small magnitude compared with crude odds ratios not adjusted for age and overall obesity. The medical calf skinfold appeared to be more representative of peripheral body fat distribution than triceps skinfold. These findings suggest that central fat distribution rather than peripheral distribution is associated with hypertension independent of age and overall level of obesity and medical calf skinfold may replace conventional triceps skinfold in predicting peripheral distribution of body fat.
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